Okinawan languages: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:01, 8 October 2014 editG Purevdorj (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users8,397 edits Undid revision 628484708 by Ryulong (talk) a double revert without the slightest discussion on the talk page is baffling.← Previous edit		Revision as of 18:29, 8 October 2014 edit undoRyulong (talk \| contribs)218,132 edits Undid revision 628818058 by G Purevdorj (talk) this is currently under discussion at WT:LANG because it's not supported by the majority sourcesNext edit →
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	{{About\|a dialect cluster covering the entire Okinawa Islands\|its subgroup\|Okinawan language}}
	{{Infobox language family		{{Infobox language family
	\|name=Okinawan		\|name=Okinawan
		⚫	\|region=] (], ] of ])
	\|states=]
⚫	\|region=], ]
	\|familycolor=Altaic		\|familycolor=Altaic
	\|fam1=]		\|fam1=]
	\|fam2=]		\|fam2=]
		⚫	\|fam3=Northern Ryukyuan
	\|fam3=]
	\|child1=]		\|child1=]
	\|child2=]		\|child2=]
	\|glotto=okin1244		\|glotto=okin1244
	\|map=Boundaries of the Okinawan Languages.svg		\|map=Boundaries of the Okinawan Languages.svg
	\|mapcaption=		\|mapcaption=
	{{legend\|#0000FF\|Northern Okinawan}}		{{legend\|#0000FF\|Northern Okinawan (Kunigami)}}
	{{legend\|#FF0000\|~~Southern/~~South–Central~~/Central~~ Okinawan}}		{{legend\|#FF0000\|South–Central Okinawan (Shuri–Naha)}}
			Darker areas represent regions that have been classified by Lewis (2009), Pellard (2009) and Curry (2004).
	Darker areas represent regions that have been classified by Lewis (2009), Pellard (2009)<ref name="pellard2009">{{cite thesis \|last=Pellard \|first=Thomas \|title=Ogami: Éléments de description d'un parler du sud des Ryukyus \|publisher=École des hautes études en sciences sociales \|year=2009 \|place=Paris, France \|url=http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/44/41/50/PDF/ogami-cpr.pdf \|language=French }}</ref> and Curry (2004).<ref name="curry2004">{{cite thesis \|last=Curry \|first=Stewart A. \|title=Small Linguistics: Lexical Loans in Nakijin Dialect Okinawan \|publisher=University of Hawaii Library \|year=2004 \|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/11526/2/uhm_phd_4427_r.pdf }}</ref>
	}}		}}
	The '''Okinawan languages''' are a hypothetical ] spoken in the ], ] of southwestern ]. They constitute the ] of the ], which are then part of the ]. The subdivisions of ] are a matter of scholarly debate. The Okinawan languages, together with the ], represent the two-subdivision hypothesis.

			The '''Okinawan languages''' are a subgroup of the Northern ] of Japan. There are two:
	==Classification==
	{{main\|Amami–Okinawan languages#Subgroups}}
	The basic unit of language or language variety in Ryukyuan is a traditionally isolated village community called ''shima'', where people used to live their entire life. Each ''shima'' has developed its own form of speech. People are well aware of differences in speeches between neighboring ''shima''. Clustering languages of some 800 ''shima'' requires non-trivial scholarly work.<ref name="nishioka2011">{{cite book \|author=Nishioka Satoshi 西岡敏 \|chapter=''Ryūkyūgo: shima goto ni kotonaru hōgen'' 琉球語: 「シマ」ごとに異なる方言 \|editor=Kurebito Megumi 呉人恵 \|title=''Nihon no kiki gengo'' 日本の危機言語 \|year=2011 \|language=Japanese }}</ref> Understanding how they have evolved from a common ancestor is an even more challenging task.

			* ] (or "Northern Okinawan" or the ] dialect; also includes dialects spoken on ] and ])
	At high level, linguists mostly agree to make the north–south division. In this framework, Amami–Okinawan covers the ], ] and the ], ]. The subdivisions of Amami–Okinawan, however, remain a matter of scholarly debate.<ref name="karimata2000">{{cite journal\|author=Karimata Shigehisa 狩俣繁久 \|title=''Amami Okinawa hōgengun ni okeru Okinoerabu hōgen no ichizuke"'' 奄美沖縄方言群における沖永良部方言の位置づけ (Position of Okierabu Dialect in Northern Ryukyu Dialects) \|journal=''Nihon Tōyō bunka ronshū'' 日本東洋文化論集 \|number=6 \|year=2000 \|page=43–69 \|language=Japanese \|url=http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/handle/123456789/2379 }}</ref> There are at least two competing hypotheses and names given to hypothetical clusters are far from standardized.
			* ] (Standard Okinawan or the ] and ] dialects)

			==Footnotes==
	The cluster of the Okinawan languages bases its existence on the two-subdivision hypothesis:
		⚫	{{reflist}}
⚫	*Amami–Okinawan / Northern Ryukyuan
	**]
	***]
	***Southern Amami
	**'''Okinawan'''
	***]
	***]
	The other hypothesis assigns three primary branches to Amami–Okinawan:
	*Amami–Okinawan / Northern Ryukyuan
	**]
	**]
	**]
	In this framework, the Okinawan languages in question are disassembled into the last two groups.

	==~~Subgroups~~==		==References==
			* Curry, Stewart A. (2004). "". University of Hawaii Library.
	The Okinawan languages consist of the following subgroups.
			* Pellard, Thomas (2009). "". École des hautes études en sciences sociales. Paris, France.
	*]
	*]

		⚫	]
	==Geographic distribution==
	The Okinawan languages are spoken on ] and some surrounding islands. On Okinawa Island, the boundary between Northern and Southern Okinawan can be drawn between Ishikawa, ] and Yaka, ] on the east coast and between Onna, ] and Tancha, Onna Village on the west coast. This corresponds to the administrative boundary between Yuntanza Magiri and Kin Magiri before Onna Magiri was created in 1673. Karimata conjectured that the linguistic boundary could be dated back at least to the ], when a polity named Sanhoku supposedly controlled the modern-day Kunigami region.<ref name="karimata2000" />

	Small islands around Okinawa Island show complex patterns. ] labeled the south–central islands of ] and ] as Northern Okinawan-like while he regarded the northern islands of ] and ] as pretty Southern Okinawan-like.<ref name="nakamoto1976c3_4">{{cite book \|author=Nakamoto Masachie 中本正智 \| chapter=''Okinawa hōgen no on'in'' 沖縄方言の音韻 \| title=''Ryūkyū hōgen on'in no kenkyū'' 琉球方言音韻の研究 \|pages=275–311 \|year=1976 \|language=Japanese }}</ref>

			{{Ja-lang-stub}}
	==References==
⚫	{{reflist}}

	{{Japanese language \|collapsed}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Okinawan Languages}}
⚫	]

Revision as of 18:29, 8 October 2014

Okinawan
Geographic distribution	Japan (Okinawa Prefecture, Amami Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture)
Linguistic classification	Japonic Ryukyuan Northern Ryukyuan Okinawan
Subdivisions	Kunigami Okinawan
Language codes
Glottolog	`okin1244`
Northern Okinawan (Kunigami) South–Central Okinawan (Shuri–Naha) Darker areas represent regions that have been classified by Lewis (2009), Pellard (2009) and Curry (2004).

The Okinawan languages are a subgroup of the Northern Ryukyuan languages of Japan. There are two:

Kunigami (or "Northern Okinawan" or the Nakijin dialect; also includes dialects spoken on Okinoerabujima and Yoronjima)
(South–Central) Okinawan (Standard Okinawan or the Shuri and Naha dialects)

Footnotes

References

Curry, Stewart A. (2004). "Small Linguistics: Lexical Loans in Nakijin Dialect Okinawan". University of Hawaii Library.
Pellard, Thomas (2009). "Ogami: Éléments de description d'un parler du sud des Ryukyus". École des hautes études en sciences sociales. Paris, France.

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