| Revision as of 09:27, 24 August 2015 edit46.127.136.172 (talk) Added source and Explanation of how JMB past papers were used to examine present grade inlfation in the British education system.← Previous edit | Revision as of 21:37, 25 August 2015 edit undoWumpus12 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users700 edits Undid revision 677597001 by 46.127.136.172 (talk): edit summary is not accurate – user removing all the dates againNext edit → | ||
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| |abbreviation = JMB | |abbreviation = JMB | ||
| |formation = 1903 | |||
| |extinction = 1992 | |||
| |purpose = ] | |purpose = ] | ||
| |headquarters = ], ] | |headquarters = ], ] | ||
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| The '''Joint Matriculation Board of the Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield and Birmingham''' ('''JMB'''), sometimes referred to as the '''Northern Universities Joint Matriculation Board''' ('''NUJMB'''), was an ], operating in ], ] and ]. It became part of ], which itself is now part of ]. |
The '''Joint Matriculation Board of the Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield and Birmingham''' ('''JMB'''), sometimes referred to as the '''Northern Universities Joint Matriculation Board''' ('''NUJMB'''), was an ], operating in ], ] and ] between 1903 and 1992. It became part of ], which itself is now part of ]. | ||
| ==Beginnings== | ==Beginnings== | ||
| The Joint Matriculation Board was founded by the |
The Joint Matriculation Board was founded by the ], the ] and the ] in 1903.<ref name="Tattersall">http://www.ofqual.gov.uk/files/2007-comparability-exam-standards-d-chapter2.pdf</ref> These universities had been constituent colleges of the federal ], but were in the process of de-merging. The universities set up the board to maintain a common entrance exam. The board allowed its exams to be taken by local schools, which was to become its main business. | ||
| The ] joined the board |
The ] joined the board in 1905. The ] followed in 1916, spreading the board's activities to the ].<ref name="Tattersall" /> | ||
| ==Status== | ==Status== | ||
| When the first national qualifications, the ] (SC) and ] (HSC) were introduced, the JMB offered the exams and rose to be the most popular exam board for the qualifications.<ref name="Tattersall" /> When the SC and HSC were replaced by the ] and ] respectively, JMB took on the new qualifications and continued to be a leading provider. | When the first national qualifications, the ] (SC) and ] (HSC) were introduced in 1918, the JMB offered the exams and rose to be the most popular exam board for the qualifications.<ref name="Tattersall" /> When the SC and HSC were replaced by the ] and ] respectively, JMB took on the new qualifications and continued to be a leading provider. | ||
| In a 2010 study carried out about educational standards to verify supposed grade inflation, past papers from exam syllabi under JMB were examined and compared with present exam papers.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/7817602/English-Examinations-Have-they-got-easier.html</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | The government introduced the ] (CSE) for the majority of students working below O Level standard, but the JMB - like all the other GCE exam boards - was not asked to administer the new qualification. Instead, new regional exam boards were created for this purpose, to operate in parallel with the GCE boards. | ||
| ⚫ | The government introduced the ] (CSE) for the majority of students working below O Level standard in 1965, but the JMB - like all the other GCE exam boards - was not asked to administer the new qualification. Instead, new regional exam boards were created for this purpose, to operate in parallel with the GCE boards. | ||
| ⚫ | Despite the GCE boards also being regional, schools were free to choose which one they entered their students for exams with. The JMB began to exploit this |
||
| ⚫ | Despite the GCE boards also being regional, schools were free to choose which one they entered their students for exams with. The JMB began to exploit this in 1978 when it began to market itself outside its northern and Midlands heartland.<ref name="Tattersall" /> | ||
| ==Beginning of rationalisation== | ==Beginning of rationalisation== | ||
| In 1988, the GCE O Level and CSE were merged to form a new qualification: the ] (GCSE). This posed a problem, as, in England, the O Level and CSE had completely separate exam boards. To solve this, four English examining groups were created between 1985 and 1986. Each group was made up of at least one GCE board and two or more CSE boards. The JMB became part of the ] (NEA), along with four CSE boards: the ], the ], the ] and the ]. The JMB continued to offer A Level exams independently. | |||
| ==Merger== | ==Merger== | ||
| As CSEs were now extinct, the old CSE boards effectively ceased to exist outside their GCSE examining groups. The NEA took this opportunity to rationalise and the JMB merged with the four other NEA members to form the ] (NEAB). It was at this point that the universities behind the JMB took a more backseat role, with the NEAB becoming a charity and the universities remaining only as board members. | As CSEs were now extinct, the old CSE boards effectively ceased to exist outside their GCSE examining groups. The NEA took this opportunity to rationalise and the JMB merged with the four other NEA members to form the ] (NEAB) in 1992. It was at this point that the universities behind the JMB took a more backseat role, with the NEAB becoming a charity and the universities remaining only as board members. | ||
| ⚫ | NEAB then merged with ] in 2000 to form the ] (AQA). AQA's board is not required to include representatives of any of the JMB universities, though it does have representatives from ]. | ||
| For replacement certificates, verification of results services or confirmation of results to third parties, former Joint Matriculation Board students have to contact AQA.<ref>https://www.gov.uk/replacement-exam-certificate</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | NEAB then merged with ] to form the ] (AQA). AQA's board is not required to include representatives of any of the JMB universities, though it does have representatives from ]. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 21:37, 25 August 2015
| Abbreviation | JMB |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1903 |
| Purpose | Examination board |
| Headquarters | Manchester, UK |
| Region served | England, Wales and Northern Ireland |
The Joint Matriculation Board of the Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield and Birmingham (JMB), sometimes referred to as the Northern Universities Joint Matriculation Board (NUJMB), was an examination board, operating in England, Wales and Northern Ireland between 1903 and 1992. It became part of NEAB, which itself is now part of AQA.
Beginnings
The Joint Matriculation Board was founded by the Victoria University of Manchester, the University of Liverpool and the University of Leeds in 1903. These universities had been constituent colleges of the federal Victoria University, but were in the process of de-merging. The universities set up the board to maintain a common entrance exam. The board allowed its exams to be taken by local schools, which was to become its main business.
The University of Sheffield joined the board in 1905. The University of Birmingham followed in 1916, spreading the board's activities to the Midlands.
Status
When the first national qualifications, the School Certificate (SC) and Higher School Certificate (HSC) were introduced in 1918, the JMB offered the exams and rose to be the most popular exam board for the qualifications. When the SC and HSC were replaced by the GCE Ordinary Level and GCE Advanced Level respectively, JMB took on the new qualifications and continued to be a leading provider.
In a 2010 study carried out about educational standards to verify supposed grade inflation, past papers from exam syllabi under JMB were examined and compared with present exam papers.
The government introduced the Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) for the majority of students working below O Level standard in 1965, but the JMB - like all the other GCE exam boards - was not asked to administer the new qualification. Instead, new regional exam boards were created for this purpose, to operate in parallel with the GCE boards.
Despite the GCE boards also being regional, schools were free to choose which one they entered their students for exams with. The JMB began to exploit this in 1978 when it began to market itself outside its northern and Midlands heartland.
Beginning of rationalisation
In 1988, the GCE O Level and CSE were merged to form a new qualification: the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). This posed a problem, as, in England, the O Level and CSE had completely separate exam boards. To solve this, four English examining groups were created between 1985 and 1986. Each group was made up of at least one GCE board and two or more CSE boards. The JMB became part of the Northern Examining Association (NEA), along with four CSE boards: the Associated Lancashire Schools Examining Board, the Northern Regional Examinations Board, the North West Regional Examinations Board and the Yorkshire Regional Examinations Board. The JMB continued to offer A Level exams independently.
Merger
As CSEs were now extinct, the old CSE boards effectively ceased to exist outside their GCSE examining groups. The NEA took this opportunity to rationalise and the JMB merged with the four other NEA members to form the Northern Examinations and Assessment Board (NEAB) in 1992. It was at this point that the universities behind the JMB took a more backseat role, with the NEAB becoming a charity and the universities remaining only as board members.
NEAB then merged with AEB/SEG in 2000 to form the Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA). AQA's board is not required to include representatives of any of the JMB universities, though it does have representatives from Universities UK.
For replacement certificates, verification of results services or confirmation of results to third parties, former Joint Matriculation Board students have to contact AQA.
References
- ^ http://www.ofqual.gov.uk/files/2007-comparability-exam-standards-d-chapter2.pdf
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/7817602/English-Examinations-Have-they-got-easier.html
- https://www.gov.uk/replacement-exam-certificate
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| Notable historic boards | |||||
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