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{{Iranian revolution}} {{Iranian revolution}}
'''Fajr decade''' ({{lang-fa|دهه فجر}} (''Dahe-ye-Fajr'')), i.e. dawning of new age, is a ten days celebration for ] in 1979.<ref name="Torab2007">{{cite book|author=Azam Torab|title=Performing Islam: Gender and Ritual in Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XsWorLT4p3UC|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|page=143,252|isbn=90-04-15295-4}}</ref><ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012">{{cite book|author1=Lloyd Ridgeon|author2=Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon|title=Shi'i Islam and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M_yobI9adIQC&pg=PA78|date=24 December 2012|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84885-649-3|page=78}}</ref> This decade is from February 1 to 11 and celebrated every year in Iran and known as national holiday.<ref name="Asadi2010">{{cite book|author=Houshang Asadi|title=Letters to My Torturer: Love, Revolution, and Imprisonment in Iran|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gI-unWr0aKwC&pg=PT235|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-78074-031-7|page=235}}</ref> The start of the celebration is Ruhollah Khomeini's arrival and the ending coincides with Revolution's victory that is called ''Islamic Revolution's Victory Day'' or ''22 of Bahman''. <ref>{{cite web|title=Iran anniversary|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/iran-marks-25th-anniversary-of-islamic-revolution-1.508052|website=CBC World|accessdate=2004-02-11}}</ref> '''Fajr decade''' ({{lang-fa|دهه فجر}} (''Dahe-ye-Fajr'')), i.e. dawning of new age, is a ten days celebration for ] in 1979.<ref name="Torab2007">{{cite book|author=Azam Torab|title=Performing Islam: Gender and Ritual in Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XsWorLT4p3UC|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|page=143,252|isbn=90-04-15295-4}}</ref><ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012">{{cite book|author1=Lloyd Ridgeon|author2=Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon|title=Shi'i Islam and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M_yobI9adIQC&pg=PA78|date=24 December 2012|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84885-649-3|page=78}}</ref> This decade is from February 1 to 11 and celebrated every year in Iran and known as national holiday.<ref name="Asadi2010">{{cite book|author=Houshang Asadi|title=Letters to My Torturer: Love, Revolution, and Imprisonment in Iran|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gI-unWr0aKwC&pg=PT235|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-78074-031-7|page=235}}</ref>


== Appellation == == Appellation ==
Fajr decade known as dawning of new age in Iranian history is referred to a ten days of national celebration after returning of Ruhollah Khomeini from Paris.<ref name="Torab2007" /> Fajr decade known as dawning of new age in Iranian history is referred to a ten days of national celebration after returning of Ruhollah Khomeini from Paris.<ref name="Torab2007" />


== Events of February 1979 == == Khomeini's return to Iran ==
] Newspaper titling '']''.]]
=== 1 February ===
{{main|Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran}} {{main|Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran}}
On the first of February 1979, ] Khomeini returned to ] after a period of being exiled by ] to ]. Several million people went to the ] for welcoming ] Khomeini.<ref name="b">{{cite book|last1=Keshavarz|first1=Kourosh|title=Mirror from Stone|date=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJuqM8tfg8AC&pg=PT36&dq=fajr+decade&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimnr_R1sTKAhVMSRoKHQyXDagQ6AEINzAF#v=onepage&q=fajr%20decade&f=false}}</ref> Khomeini, then went to ] cemetery where he gave a lecture. Khomeini expressed that ]'s cabinet was illegal. Also, he said he would crash in the mouth of the Bakhtiar's government.<ref name="c">{{cite book|first1=|title=Iran Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments|date=2012|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=9781438774626|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HORBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&dq=mehdi+bazargan++prime+minister&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEmMje5cbKAhXJWBQKHcuUDBsQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=mehdi%20bazargan%20%20prime%20minister&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Wagner2010">{{cite book|author=Heather Lehr Wagner|title=The Iranian Revolution|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TZLq5TzLNqkC|year=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=13|isbn=978-1-4381-3236-5}}</ref> On the first of February 1979, ] Khomeini returned to ] after being exiled by ] to ]. Khomeini, then went to ] cemetery where he gave a lecture. Khomeini expressed that ]'s cabinet was illegal and he would strike with fists at the mouth of the Bakhtiar's government.<ref name="c">{{cite book|first1=|title=Iran Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments|date=2012|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=9781438774626|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HORBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&dq=mehdi+bazargan++prime+minister&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEmMje5cbKAhXJWBQKHcuUDBsQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=mehdi%20bazargan%20%20prime%20minister&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Wagner2010">{{cite book|author=Heather Lehr Wagner|title=The Iranian Revolution|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TZLq5TzLNqkC|year=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=13|isbn=978-1-4381-3236-5}}</ref>

=== 5 February ===
Ayatollah Khomeini choose ] as prime minister of interim government.<ref name="c" />

=== 8 February ===
{{main|Homafaran allegiance}}
] officers went to Khomeini's home and promised their loyalty to the revolution.<ref name="i">{{cite book|last1=Int'l Business Publications|title=Iran: Country Study Guide|date=2005|page=124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KOSUrLPC6IC&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=Bakhtiar+announces+curfew+february+1979&source=bl&ots=m8XMbfkShJ&sig=wLb6leU2IFv3ULpV_ovwtdjDVyI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZnZj99MnKAhUH4D4KHTfFCl8Q6AEIMzAG#v=onepage&q=Bakhtiar%20announces%20curfew%20february%201979&f=false}}
</ref>

=== 10 February ===
People were armed by the revolutionary personnel of the air force. In this day a curfew was announced by Bakhtiar's government but Ruhollah Khomeini disparaged it and said people had to break it. Then revolutionaries subjugated police stations, prisons and governmental centers.<ref name="f">{{cite web|last1=Hosseini|first1=Mir Masood|title=Bakhtiar Becomes Prime Minister|website=fouman|url=http://1host2u.ir/Y/Get_Iranian_History_Today.php?artid=289}}</ref>

=== 11 February ===
Senior military commanders announced that they were neutral in conflict between Bakhtiar's government and revolutionaries. Thus they receded from the streets.<ref name="i" />

=== 12 February ===
Bakhtiar resigned and went to ]. Revolutionaries gained a victory in this day.<ref>{{cite web|title=1979: Victory for Khomeini as army steps aside|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/11/newsid_3477000/3477323.stm|website=bbc}}</ref>

== Fajr international festival ==
{{main|Fajr International Film Festival}}
] is held annually in ] during this decade by ]. The festival, started in 1982 and takes place every year on the anniversary of the Iranian revolution. This is the largest public film, theater, and music festival in ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ian Hayden|first1=Smith|title=International Film Guide 2012|date=2012|isbn=978-1908215017|page=146}}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==

Revision as of 06:34, 10 February 2016

Part of a series on the
History of the
Iranian revolution
Topics
Revolutionary leaders
Parties and organizations
Official institutions
Events
See also

Fajr decade (Template:Lang-fa (Dahe-ye-Fajr)), i.e. dawning of new age, is a ten days celebration for Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran in 1979. This decade is from February 1 to 11 and celebrated every year in Iran and known as national holiday.

Appellation

Fajr decade known as dawning of new age in Iranian history is referred to a ten days of national celebration after returning of Ruhollah Khomeini from Paris.

Khomeini's return to Iran

Main article: Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran

On the first of February 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Tehran after being exiled by Muhammad Reza Pahlavi to France. Khomeini, then went to Behesht-e Zahra cemetery where he gave a lecture. Khomeini expressed that Shapour Bakhtiar's cabinet was illegal and he would strike with fists at the mouth of the Bakhtiar's government.

See also

References

  1. ^ Azam Torab (2007). Performing Islam: Gender and Ritual in Islam. BRILL. p. 143,252. ISBN 90-04-15295-4.
  2. Lloyd Ridgeon; Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon (24 December 2012). Shi'i Islam and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community. I.B.Tauris. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-84885-649-3.
  3. Houshang Asadi (1 June 2010). Letters to My Torturer: Love, Revolution, and Imprisonment in Iran. Oneworld Publications. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-78074-031-7.
  4. Iran Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. Lulu.com. 2012. p. 65. ISBN 9781438774626.
  5. Heather Lehr Wagner (2010). The Iranian Revolution. Infobase Publishing. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4381-3236-5.
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