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#REDIRECT ]
{{Infobox Former Country
{{R to section}}
|native_name = ''Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie'' <small>(])</small><br>''Fürstbistum Ermland'' <small>(])</small><br> ''Dioecesis Varmiensis'' <small>(])</small><br>&nbsp;
|conventional_long_name = Episcopal Duchy of Warmia
|common_name = Warmia
|
|continent = Europe
|region = Baltic
|country = Poland
|era = Middle Ages
|status =
|status_text = Imperial ]ric =
|government_type = Theocracy
|
|year_start = 1243
|year_end = 1945


|event1 = Bishopric founded as<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a ]
|date_event1 = 1243
|event2 = Gained '']''
|date_event2 = 1356
|event3 = ] to the<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]
|date_event3 = 1479
|event4 = Two-thirds annexed by<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by ]
|date_event4 = 1512 Exempt - directly under Pope
|event_end = Prussia|Prussia]]
|date_end = August 5
|
|p1 = Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
|image_p1 = ]
|s1 = Kingdom of Prussia
|flag_s1 = Flag of Prussia (1750).gif
|
|image_flag =
|image_coat = POL Księstwo Warmińskie IRP COA.svg
|image_map = KsięstwoWarmińskieIRP.png
|image_map_caption = Archbishopric of Warmia in Prussia in 1635, marked in red on the map of the ]
|
|capital = ] (Allenstein) |latd=53 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=20 |longm=30 |longEW=E
|common_languages = ], ]
|religion = ]
|currency =
}}

Sometime wrongly translated to '''Episcopal Duchy of Warmia''' <ref>{{cite book |title=Parallax |last=Hirshfeld |first=Alan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher=Macmillan |location= |isbn=9780716737117 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8Gskt6uKd3wC&pg=PA36&vq=episcopal+duchy+of+Warmia&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=ACfU3U2NOAHpwQ2EmHtdTDXeKdUjLyGwAQ}}</ref> ({{lang-pl|Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie}})<ref></ref> ({{lang-de|Fürstbistum Ermland}}) <ref></ref>, (translated: Prince-Bishopric Ermland, (not '''Duchy of Warmia''' it never had a duke), or '''Bishopric of Warmia''' was a seperate administrative district ruled by a ], located in ], that was detached from the ] by the ] in 1466 <ref>{{cite book |title=A Concise History of Poland |last=Lukowski |first=Jerzy |authorlink= |coauthors=Hubert Zawadzki |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=9780521853323 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC&pg=PA48&dq=1466+thorn+Ermeland+date:1950-2008&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=fvDRSNrnI6eSjgGa0NHmAw&sig=ACfU3U3JmCkeePd2_6KkeCLiooSaA-56Hg}}</ref>

Since 1356 the bishopric of Warmia/Ermland was an Imperial ]ric and continued until the 20th century. Because of the many years of civil wars in Prussia were factions were for and others against the rule by the Catholic ], the sesession of the ] and the following annexation attempts by Poland, later the] the Ermland bishopric received Papal Special Exempt Status in 1512 under ] ].

After the ] in 1569, the ] was by some in the ] to be within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However it was never a duchy, it was situated in and surrounded by ] and it was ruled seperately as Imperial Prince-Bishopric with Exempt Status. So while the pressure from the Polish side leaned heavy towards annexation, the prince-bishops saw to it, that the Ermland diocese territory kept its exempt status and remained substantially independend, with many legal differences from neighbouring lands. For example, the bishops were by law members of the ] ]<reference?>. The land elected MPs to the ]e of ] as well as MPs to the ] of Poland. Prussian Bishopric of Ermland became part of the ]. In 1945 with the Communists conquest of Prussia the people and the Ermland bishop ] were expelled. The bishopseat remained vacant.

In 1972 a new Polish diocese was installed and in 1992 it became ].

==History==
Along with ], ], and ], Warmia was one of four dioceses in Prussia created in 1243 by the ] ]. After the ] at Tannenberg and Gruenfelde in Prussia in 1410, both the Sambian and Warmian bishops paid homage to ] of Poland and Lithuania.

The ] removed the bishopric from the control of the Teutonic Knights. Neither the pope nore the emperor validated the 1466 Thorn arrangement and the ] was outlawed, ] but under ban. The bishops insisted on their Imperial Status privileges and ruled the territory as ''de-facto'' ]s, although the Polish king did not share this point of view. This led to conflict when the Polish king claimed the right to name the bishops, as he did in the ]. The chapter did not accept this and elected ] as bishop, which led to the ] (''Warmia Stift Feud'', 1467-1479) between King ] (1447–1492) and Nikolaus von Tüngen (1467-89) who was supported by the ] and King ].

The Polish king accepted Tüngen as prince-bishop in the ], while Tüngen inversely accepted the Polish king's limited suzerainty and obliged the chapter to elect only candidates approved by the Polish king. However, when Tüngen died in 1489, the chapter elected ] as bishop and ] supported Watzenrode against the wishes of ], who preferred his son Frederic. This problem finally led to the exemption of the bishopric in 1512 by ]. In the ] (], ]) Warmia conceded to King ] the limited right to propose four candidates to the chapter for the election, who had to be Prussian citizens.

The Bishopric of Warmia lost two-thirds of its parishes in 1525 when the Order's Grand Master ] secularized the Order's remaining Prussian territories to create the ] during the ].

After the ] the later cardinal ] (1551-79) held a diocesan synode (1565) and the same year the ] came to Braunsberg. While nearly all of Prussia took on evangelical Protestant religion, the prince-bishops Hosius and Cromer and the Jesuits were instrumental in keeping much of Warmia's population Catholic. The Congregation of St. Catherine, founded at Braunsberg by ], engaged in education, especially schooling for girls.

Several times in the 17th and early 18th centuries Warmia was exposed to fighting between Polish, ] and ] troops on Prussian soil in the ].

By the late 18th century, the prince-bishop was also an '']'' ] of the ].

At the time of collaps and break-up of the multi-states Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth into its original seperate countries the Prussian bishopric of Ermland/Warmia was incorporated into the ]'s ] and continued as prince- bishopric. Under the ] in 1945 the Allies went along with Stalin and Communists conquests of Eastern Germany and Eastern Europe. The Communists expelled the population along with the bishop of Ermland. The bishopseat of Ermland was left vacant by the popes. Bishop ] received appointment as bishop of the Ermland expellees.

In 1972 a new Polish diocese was installed and was raised to archdiocese in 1992.


]. <ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements
|last=Osmańczyk |first=Edmund Jan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location= |isbn=9780415939218 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aiIOW0LOdKgC&pg=PA653&dq=1772+1945+Warmia+(Ermeland&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=gPLRSIPrMo3wjAHwztTmAw&sig=ACfU3U074b7Y9710Q1sX1l7jk-d7GB_Dkg}}</ref>

==See also==
*]

==References==
{{reflist}}

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Latest revision as of 05:55, 12 February 2016

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