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{{Infobox Former Country
{{R to section}}
|native_name = ''Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie'' <small>(])</small><br>''Fürstbistum Ermland'' <small>(])</small><br> ''Dioecesis Varmiensis'' <small>(])</small><br>&nbsp;
|conventional_long_name = Episcopal Duchy of Warmia
|common_name = Warmia
|
|continent = Europe
|region = Baltic
|country = Poland
|era = Middle Ages
|status = Vassal
|status_text = ]ric, of ] and then of the ]
|empire =
|government_type = Theocracy
|
|year_start = 1466
|year_end = 1772
|
|event_start =
|date_start = Second Peace of Thorn (1466)

|event1 = Bishopric founded as<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a ] ]
|date_event1 = 1243
|event2 = Gained '']''
|date_event2 = 1356
|event3 = ] to the<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]
|date_event3 = 1479
|event4 = Two-thirds annexed by<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by ]
|date_event4 = 1525
|event_end = ] by ]
|date_end = August 5
|
|p1 = Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
|image_p1 = ]
|s1 = Kingdom of Prussia
|flag_s1 = Flag of Prussia (1750).gif
|
|image_flag =
|image_coat = POL Księstwo Warmińskie IRP COA.svg
|image_map = KsięstwoWarmińskieIRP.png
|image_map_caption = Episcopal Duchy of Warmia in 1635, marked in red on the map of the ]
|
|capital = ] (Allenstein) |latd=53 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=20 |longm=30 |longEW=E
|common_languages = ], ]
|religion = ]
|currency =
}}

The '''Episcopal Duchy of Warmia''' <ref>{{cite book |title=Parallax |last=Hirshfeld |first=Alan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher=Macmillan |location= |isbn=9780716737117 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8Gskt6uKd3wC&pg=PA36&vq=episcopal+duchy+of+Warmia&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=ACfU3U2NOAHpwQ2EmHtdTDXeKdUjLyGwAQ}}</ref> ({{lang-pl|Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie}})<ref></ref> ({{lang-de|Fürstbistum Ermland}}) <ref></ref>, sometimes also referred to as '''Duchy of Warmia''' or '''Bishopric of Warmia''' was an administrative district of ] in the ] that was detached from the ] by the ] in 1466 <ref>{{cite book |title=A Concise History of Poland |last=Lukowski |first=Jerzy |authorlink= |coauthors=Hubert Zawadzki |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=9780521853323 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC&pg=PA48&dq=1466+thorn+Ermeland+date:1950-2008&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=fvDRSNrnI6eSjgGa0NHmAw&sig=ACfU3U3JmCkeePd2_6KkeCLiooSaA-56Hg}}</ref>

After the ] in 1569, the ] was directly included as part of the ] within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the same time the territory continued to enjoy substantial autonomy, with many legal differences from neighbouring lands. For example, the bishops were by law members of the ] ]. The land elected MPs to the ] of Royal Prussia as well as MPs to the ] of Poland. After the ] in 1772, the Duchy became part of the ] as the ] of Ermland, and after 1945 it returned to Poland as bishopric and later, ].

==History==
Along with ], ], and ], Warmia was one of four dioceses in Prussia created in 1243 by the ] ]. After the ] in 1410, both the Sambian and Warmian bishops paid homage to ] of Poland and Lithuania.

The ] removed the bishopric from the control of the Teutonic Knights and placed it under the sovereignty of the ]. The bishops insisted on large privileges and ruled the territory as ''de-facto'' ]s although the Polish king did not share this point of view. This led to conflict when the Polish king claimed the right to name the bishops, as he did in the ]. The chapter did not accept this and elected ] as bishop, which led to the ] (''Warmia Stift Feud'', 1467-1479) between King ] (1447–1492) and Nikolaus von Tüngen (1467-89) who was supported by the Teutonic Order and King ].

The Polish king accepted Tüngen as prince-bishop in the ], while Tüngen inversely accepted the Polish king's suzerainty and obliged the chapter to elect only candidates approved by the Polish king. However, when Tüngen died in 1489, the chapter elected ] as bishop and ] supported Watzenrode against the wishes of ], who preferred his son Frederic. This problem finally led to the exemption of the bishopric in 1512 by ]. In the ] (], ]) Warmia conceded to King ] the right to propose four candidates to the chapter for the election.

The Bishopric of Warmia lost two-thirds of its parishes in 1525 when the Order's Grand Master ] secularized the Order's remaining Prussian territories to create the ] during the ].

After the ] the later cardinal ] (1551-79) held a diocesan synode (1565) and the same year the ] came to Braunsberg. While nearly all of Prussia took on evangelical Protestant religion, the prince-bishops Hosius and Cromer and the Jesuits were instrumental in keeping much of Warmia's population Catholic. The Congregation of St. Catherine, founded at Braunsberg by ], engaged in education, especially schooling for girls.

Several times in the 17th and early 18th centuries Warmia was exposed to fighting between Polish and ] troops in the ].

By the late 18th century, the prince-bishop was an '']'' ] of the ].

As a result of the ] in 1772, Warmia was incorporated into the ]'s ] as ] of Ermland. Under the ] in 1945 Ermeland returned to Poland as bishopric and later, ]. <ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements
|last=Osmańczyk |first=Edmund Jan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location= |isbn=9780415939218 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aiIOW0LOdKgC&pg=PA653&dq=1772+1945+Warmia+(Ermeland&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=gPLRSIPrMo3wjAHwztTmAw&sig=ACfU3U074b7Y9710Q1sX1l7jk-d7GB_Dkg}}</ref>

==See also==
*]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth}}

]

]

Latest revision as of 05:55, 12 February 2016

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