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| #REDIRECT ] | |||
| {{Infobox Former Country | |||
| {{R to section}} | |||
| |native_name = ''Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie'' <small>(])</small><br>''Fürstbistum Ermland'' <small>(])</small><br> ''Dioecesis Varmiensis'' <small>(])</small><br> | |||
| |conventional_long_name = Episcopal Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (sometime incorrectly referred to as duchy) | |||
| |common_name = Ermland/Latin: Warmia | |||
| | | |||
| |continent = Europe | |||
| |region = Baltic | |||
| |country = Prussia | |||
| |era = Middle Ages | |||
| |status = Prussian bishopric since 1243-1356 under ] | |||
| |status_text = 1243 Bishopric, 1356 ]ric under Archbishopric ], 1512 Exempt under Pope | |||
| |empire = | |||
| |government_type = Theocracy | |||
| | | |||
| |year_start = 1243 | |||
| |year_end = 1772 | |||
| | | |||
| |event_start = | |||
| |date_start = Prussian Bishopric 1243 Arch-Bishopric 1356, Bishopric 1772or 1806? | |||
| |event1 = Prussian Bishopric founded as<br> protectorate of ] | |||
| |date_event1 = 1243 | |||
| |event2 = Gained '']'' | |||
| |date_event2 = 1356 | |||
| |event3 = ] to the<br> protectorate of ] | |||
| |date_event3 = 1479 | |||
| |event4 = <br> by ] | |||
| |date_event4 = 1525 | |||
| |event_end = annexed by ] | |||
| |date_end = August 5 | |||
| | | |||
| |p1 = ''Fürstbistum Ermland'' Ermland/Prince-Bishopric Warmia | |||
| |image_p1 = ] | |||
| |s1 = Kingdom of Prussia | |||
| |flag_s1 = Flag of Prussia (1750).gif | |||
| | | |||
| |image_flag = | |||
| |image_coat = POL Księstwo Warmińskie IRP COA.svg | |||
| |image_map = KsięstwoWarmińskieIRP.png | |||
| |image_map_caption = Exempt Prince-Bishopric of Warmia in 1635. (In red on a map of the ]) | |||
| | | |||
| |capital = 1243-1945 Frauenburg, since 1972 ] (Allenstein) |latd=53 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=20 |longm=30 |longEW=E | |||
| |common_languages = ], ], after 1945 Polish | |||
| |religion = ] | |||
| |currency = | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Fürstbistum Ermland''' (translation:) '''Prince-Bishopric of Warmia''', sometimes incorrectly compared to as ''Episcopal Duchy'' of Warmia <ref>{{cite book |title=Parallax |last=Hirshfeld |first=Alan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher=Macmillan |location= |isbn=9780716737117 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8Gskt6uKd3wC&pg=PA36&vq=episcopal+duchy+of+Warmia&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=ACfU3U2NOAHpwQ2EmHtdTDXeKdUjLyGwAQ}}</ref> ({{lang-pl|Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie}})<ref></ref> ({{lang-de|Fürstbistum Ermland}}) <ref></ref>, sometimes incorrectly '''Duchy of Warmia''' or the '''Bishopric of Warmia''' was a seperate Prussian bishopric under jurisdiction of ] that was a protectorate of the ] and a protectorate of ] after the ] in 1466 <ref>{{cite book |title=A Concise History of Poland |last=Lukowski |first=Jerzy |authorlink= |coauthors=Hubert Zawadzki |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=9780521853323 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC&pg=PA48&dq=1466+thorn+Ermeland+date:1950-2008&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=fvDRSNrnI6eSjgGa0NHmAw&sig=ACfU3U3JmCkeePd2_6KkeCLiooSaA-56Hg}}</ref> | |||
| After the ] in 1569, the ] is in some Polish sources assumed to have been directly included as part of the ] within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, however it was an exemt bishopric. | |||
| Since the bishopric however had received ]ric status by emperor ] in 1356 and it went to the imperial diet in 1447 as of German Nation, it applied to the pope and received exempt status in 1512. It was not a an integral part of the ], it was just under its protection. | |||
| The kings or sejm of Poland many time put Ermland bishops under pressure in order to annex. However all bishops had to be educated and have knowledge of Prussian laws before becoming Ermland bishops and all of them protected the Ermland independence and the many legal differences from neighbouring lands. The Ermland bishops were presidents of the Prussian ]. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Along with ], ], and ], Ermland Latin: Warmia was one of four dioceses in Prussia created in 1243 by the ] ]. The four Prussian bishoprics were under the jurisdiction of the ]. | |||
| After the ] in 1410, both the Sambian and Warmian bishops paid temporary homage to ] of Poland and Lithuania. | |||
| The ] removed the bishopric from the protectorship of the Teutonic Knights and placed it under the protectorship of the ]. The bishops insisted on their imperial privileges and continued ruling the territory as ]s although the Polish king did not like to share this point of view. This led to conflict when the Polish king claimed the right to name the bishops, as he did in the ]. The chapter did not accept this and elected ] as bishop, which led to the ] (''Warmia Stift Feud'', 1467-1479) between King ] (1447–1492) and Nikolaus von Tüngen (1467-89) who was supported by the Teutonic Order and King ]. | |||
| The Polish king accepted Tüngen as prince-bishop in the ], while Tüngen inversely accepted the Polish king's suzerainty and obliged the chapter to elect only candidates approved by the Polish king. However, when Tüngen died in 1489, the chapter elected ] as bishop and ] supported Watzenrode against the wishes of ], who preferred his son Frederic. This problem finally led to the exemption of the bishopric in 1512 by ]. In the ] (], ]) Warmia conceded to King ] the limited right to propose four candidates to the chapter for the election. | |||
| By 1525 the Bishopric of Warmia had lost two-thirds of its parishes due to to the inhabitants for the most part becoming protestants and the Order's Grand Master ] secularized the Order's remaining Prussian territories to create the ] during the ]. | |||
| After the ] the later cardinal ] (1551-79) held a diocesan synode (1565) and the same year he brought the ] to Braunsberg. While nearly all of Prussia took on evangelical Protestant religion, the prince-bishops Hosius and Cromer and the Jesuits were instrumental in keeping or regaining much of Warmia's population to Catholicism. The Congregation of St. Catherine, founded at Braunsberg by ], engaged in education, especially schooling for girls. | |||
| Several times in the 17th and early 18th centuries Ermland/Warmia was exposed to fighting between Polish and ] troops in the ] mostly on Prussian soil. | |||
| By the late 18th century, the prince-bishop was an '']'' ] of the ] <reference?>. | |||
| As a result of the ] in 1772, the Fuerstbistum Ermland /prince-bishopric of Warmia was incorporated into the ]'s ] as ] of Ermland. Under the ] in 1945 Ermland was conquered along with all eastern Germany and the people were expelled. The bishopseat of Ermland remained vacant. | |||
| In 1972 a Polish bishopric of Warmia was installed. In 1992 this became ]. <ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements | |||
| |last=Osmańczyk |first=Edmund Jan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location= |isbn=9780415939218 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aiIOW0LOdKgC&pg=PA653&dq=1772+1945+Warmia+(Ermeland&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=gPLRSIPrMo3wjAHwztTmAw&sig=ACfU3U074b7Y9710Q1sX1l7jk-d7GB_Dkg}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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