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'''L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet''' is a ] in the ] region, part of the ], Quebec, Canada. The municipality consists primarily of '''Calumet Island''' (in French '''''Île du Grand Calumet'''''), but also includes Lafontaine Island, French Island, Green Island, and numerous minor islets, all in the ], approximately two kilometres from ], two kilometres from ], and some {{convert|20|km|mi|sp=us}} north of ]. '''L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet''' is a ] in the ] region, part of the ], Quebec, Canada. The municipality consists primarily of '''''L'Île du Grand Calumet''''', but also includes many islands such as Lafontaine, French, Green, and numerous minor islets, all in the ] approximately two kilometres from ], two kilometres from ], and some {{convert|20|km|mi|sp=us}} north of ]. This main Island was and is sometime named Calumet Island or Calumet by a few of its residents. This main Island was, and is, sometimes named "Calumet Island" or "Calumet" by a few of its residents.
Before December 22, 2007, it was called simply '''Grand-Calumet'''. The official name was changed to '''L'Île-de-Grand-Calumet''', however, on July 5, 2008, it was changed again to use ''-du-'' rather than ''-de-''. This last modification was considered a correction rather than a name change.<ref>http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/pdf2008/Modif_dec07.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/pdf2008/modif_juil08.pdf</ref> Before December 22, 2007, it was called simply '''Grand-Calumet'''. The official name was changed to '''L'Île-de-Grand-Calumet''', however, on July 5, 2008, it was changed again to use ''-du-'' rather than ''-de-''. This last modification was considered a correction rather than a name change.<ref>http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/pdf2008/Modif_dec07.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/pdf2008/modif_juil08.pdf</ref>


Grand-Calumet is the principal area of L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet. Its centre is Sainte-Anne Church, which is alongside the municipal building and the school. It is also the site where First Nation tribes held their annual pow-wow, and where they smoke occasionally their Grand-Calumet.<ref>http://www.originis.ca/paroisse_grand_calumet.html</ref> '''Grand-Calumet''' is the principal area of L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet. Its centre is Sainte-Anne Church, which is alongside the municipal building and the school. It is also the site where First Nation tribes held their annual pow-wow, and where they smoke occasionally their Grand-Calumet.<ref>http://www.originis.ca/paroisse_grand_calumet.html</ref>


Its name is a reference to the ] occasionally smoked by the tribes of the first nation people to settle mainly territory disputes (establishing which tribe had the right to fish and hunt in a certain area). They gathered at Grand-Calumet in large numbers for their friendly annual pow-wow and exchanging stuff.<ref name="CTQ-mun">{{cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=379879 |title=Municipalité de L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet |accessdate=2008-04-30 |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |language=French}}</ref> Its name is a reference to the ] occasionally smoked by the tribes of the first nation people to settle mainly territory disputes (establishing which tribe had the right to fish and hunt in a certain area). They gathered at Grand-Calumet in large numbers for their friendly annual pow-wow and exchanging stuff.<ref name="CTQ-mun">{{cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=379879 |title=Municipalité de L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet |accessdate=2008-04-30 |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |language=French}}</ref>
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==History== ==History==
Like ] upstream, Calumet Island was for many centuries a fishing and hunting place of the ] Algonquin people.<ref name="Gateway"/> During the ], the region along the Ottawa River was not colonized in order to maintain the ] with the ] who lived there. The French maintained military garrisons in several forts along the Ottawa River, including ].<ref>Dunn, Guillaume, ''Les forts de l'Outaouais'', Éditions du jour, Montreal, 1975</ref> Furs would be delivered there and then brought under escort to the larger towns of the colony. After 1763, the English had the same motive to discourage the colonization of the region. Like L'Isle-aux-Allumettes ] upstream, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet ] was for many centuries a fishing and hunting place of the ] Algonquin people.<ref name="Gateway"/> During the ], the region along the Ottawa River was not colonized in order to maintain the ] with the ] who lived there. The French maintained military garrisons in several forts along the Ottawa River, including ].<ref>Dunn, Guillaume, ''Les forts de l'Outaouais'', Éditions du jour, Montreal, 1975</ref> Furs would be delivered there and then brought under escort to the larger towns of the colony. After 1763, the English had the same motive to discourage the colonization of the region.


But because the Ottawa River was the main canoe route to the west, Calumet Island was the site of a ] trail to bypass the strong and turbulent rapids in the river at this point. Here the events of the Cadieux Legend took place.<ref name="Gateway"/> But because the Ottawa River was the main canoe route to the west, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet ]was the site of a ] trail to bypass the strong and turbulent rapids in the river at this point. Here the events of the Cadieux Legend took place.<ref name="Gateway"/>


Jean Cadieux, born at ] on March 12, 1671, youngest son of Jean Cadieux and Marie Valade, was a ] from 1695 on. In May 1709, when attacked by the ] on the island, he sacrificed himself in order to let his travelling companions escape by running the Seven Chutes Rapids. Remaining alone on the island, he died of his injuries and exhaustion. When found, he held in his hand a sheet of bark on which he had transcribed a death chant, known as ''La Complainte Cadieux''.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/> Its opening stanza is as follows:<ref>Taché, Jean-Charles, ''Forestiers et Voyageurs'' (chapter 15), 1884, </ref> Jean Cadieux, born at ] on March 12, 1671, youngest son of Jean Cadieux and Marie Valade, was a ] from 1695 on. In May 1709, when attacked by the ] on the Island, he sacrificed himself in order to let his travelling companions escape by running the Seven Chutes Rapids. Remaining alone on the Island, he died of his injuries and exhaustion. When found, he held in his hand a sheet of bark on which he had transcribed a death chant, known as ''La Complainte Cadieux''.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/> Its opening stanza is as follows:<ref>Taché, Jean-Charles, ''Forestiers et Voyageurs'' (chapter 15), 1884, </ref>


:''Petit rocher de la haute montagne,'' (Little stone of the high mountain,)<br>''Je viens ici finir cette campagne!'' (I come here to finish this campaign!)<br>''Ah! doux échos, entendez mes soupirs'' (Ah! sweet echoes, hear my sighs)<br>''En languissant, je vais bientôt mourir!'' (Languishing, soon will I die!) :''Petit rocher de la haute montagne,'' (Little stone of the high mountain,)<br>''Je viens ici finir cette campagne!'' (I come here to finish this campaign!)<br>''Ah! doux échos, entendez mes soupirs'' (Ah! sweet echoes, hear my sighs)<br>''En languissant, je vais bientôt mourir!'' (Languishing, soon will I die!)
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Circa 1836, former employees of the ] started to settle on the island, followed by three waves of Irish immigration between 1840 and 1850. In 1840 the Parish of Sainte-Anne-du-Grand-Calumet was formed.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/> In 1846 the Grand-Calumet Township was established, with F.X. Bastien as first mayor.<ref name="Gateway"/> On May 14, 1847, the Township Municipality of Calumet was created, but abolished on the next September 1 and reestablished in 1855.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/> Circa 1836, former employees of the ] started to settle on the island, followed by three waves of Irish immigration between 1840 and 1850. In 1840 the Parish of Sainte-Anne-du-Grand-Calumet was formed.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/> In 1846 the Grand-Calumet Township was established, with F.X. Bastien as first mayor.<ref name="Gateway"/> On May 14, 1847, the Township Municipality of Calumet was created, but abolished on the next September 1 and reestablished in 1855.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/>


Lead-zinc was discovered on Calumet Island in 1893. New Calumet Mines began production in 1943, with a peak output of 840 tons per day in 1953 and employing 435 people. In 1968 the mine was shut down.<ref name="Gateway"/> Lead-zinc was discovered on L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet in 1893. New Calumet Mines began production in 1943, with a peak output of 840 tons per day in 1953 and employing 435 people. In 1968 the mine was shut down.<ref name="Gateway"/>


In 2003, the Township Municipality of Grand-Calumet became the Municipality of Grand-Calumet, and on December 22, 2007 changed its name to the Municipality of L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/> In 2003, the Township Municipality of Grand-Calumet became the Municipality of Grand-Calumet, and on December 22, 2007 changed its name to the Municipality of L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet.<ref name="CTQ-mun"/>

Revision as of 02:24, 23 March 2016

Municipality in Quebec, Canada
L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet
Municipality
Location within Pontiac RCMLocation within Pontiac RCM
Country Canada
Province Quebec
RegionOutaouais
RCMPontiac
Settled1840s
ConstitutedJuly 1, 1855
Government
 • MayorPaul-Émile Maleau
 • Federal ridingPontiac
 • Prov. ridingPontiac
Area
 • Total147.40 km (56.91 sq mi)
 • Land132.14 km (51.02 sq mi)
Population
 • Total731
 • Density5.5/km (14/sq mi)
 • Pop 2006-2011Decrease 6.9%
 • Dwellings428
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Postal code(s)J0X 1J0
Area code819
HighwaysNo major routes

L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet is a municipality in the Outaouais region, part of the Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. The municipality consists primarily of L'Île du Grand Calumet, but also includes many islands such as Lafontaine, French, Green, and numerous minor islets, all in the Rivière des Outaouais approximately two kilometres from Campbell's Bay, two kilometres from Bryson, and some 20 kilometers (12 mi) north of Renfrew, Ontario. This main Island was and is sometime named Calumet Island or Calumet by a few of its residents. This main Island was, and is, sometimes named "Calumet Island" or "Calumet" by a few of its residents.

Before December 22, 2007, it was called simply Grand-Calumet. The official name was changed to L'Île-de-Grand-Calumet, however, on July 5, 2008, it was changed again to use -du- rather than -de-. This last modification was considered a correction rather than a name change.

Grand-Calumet is the principal area of L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet. Its centre is Sainte-Anne Church, which is alongside the municipal building and the school. It is also the site where First Nation tribes held their annual pow-wow, and where they smoke occasionally their Grand-Calumet.

Its name is a reference to the ceremonial pipe occasionally smoked by the tribes of the first nation people to settle mainly territory disputes (establishing which tribe had the right to fish and hunt in a certain area). They gathered at Grand-Calumet in large numbers for their friendly annual pow-wow and exchanging stuff.

Bordering on Whitewater Region, Ontario, the municipality is the co-location of some of the roughest sections on the Ottawa River, popular with kayakers and rafters. Three whitewater rafting companies based in L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet take adventurers down the Rocher Fendu Rapids, known as the best whitewater rapids in Eastern North America.

Geography

About 20 kilometers (12 mi) long by 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) wide, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet has an elevation of no more than 200 meters (660 ft) above sea level. Agricultural land use is mostly concentrated in the centre of the island.

The population centre is mainly Grand-Calumet; other smaller centres are Rivière-Barry, Tancredia, Dunraven, Freshwater, Duffyville.

History

Like L'Isle-aux-Allumettes ] upstream, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet ] was for many centuries a fishing and hunting place of the Kichesipirini Algonquin people. During the French Period, the region along the Ottawa River was not colonized in order to maintain the fur trade with the indigenous peoples who lived there. The French maintained military garrisons in several forts along the Ottawa River, including Fort-Coulonge. Furs would be delivered there and then brought under escort to the larger towns of the colony. After 1763, the English had the same motive to discourage the colonization of the region.

But because the Ottawa River was the main canoe route to the west, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet ]was the site of a portage trail to bypass the strong and turbulent rapids in the river at this point. Here the events of the Cadieux Legend took place.

Jean Cadieux, born at Boucherville on March 12, 1671, youngest son of Jean Cadieux and Marie Valade, was a coureur des bois from 1695 on. In May 1709, when attacked by the Iroquois on the Island, he sacrificed himself in order to let his travelling companions escape by running the Seven Chutes Rapids. Remaining alone on the Island, he died of his injuries and exhaustion. When found, he held in his hand a sheet of bark on which he had transcribed a death chant, known as La Complainte Cadieux. Its opening stanza is as follows:

Petit rocher de la haute montagne, (Little stone of the high mountain,)
Je viens ici finir cette campagne! (I come here to finish this campaign!)
Ah! doux échos, entendez mes soupirs (Ah! sweet echoes, hear my sighs)
En languissant, je vais bientôt mourir! (Languishing, soon will I die!)
Memorial to Jean Cadieux

This legend is still kept alive and commemorated by the island's inhabitants.

French-Canadian from the province of Québec started to settle there as early as 1820. The first settler was Louis-Marie Brizard. There is a street there named Brizard in his honour.

The first settler was Louis-Marie Brizard (1798-1868) from Maskinongé Qc.. There, he had as a girlfriend Marie Lavigne (1798-1868). Apparently, she was a grand daughter of the local Indian chief. She converted to Catholicism. On October 4, 1836, they got married at Fort-Coulonge, Qc. It was the closest place to meet a priest. Louis-Marie and Marie had many children who married new settlers. Many people now living there have Louis-Marie and Marie Lavigne as for away ancestors. In the past, Brizard was sometimes written Brisard, Brissard and Brizzard; indicating the same person.

Circa 1836, former employees of the Hudson's Bay Company started to settle on the island, followed by three waves of Irish immigration between 1840 and 1850. In 1840 the Parish of Sainte-Anne-du-Grand-Calumet was formed. In 1846 the Grand-Calumet Township was established, with F.X. Bastien as first mayor. On May 14, 1847, the Township Municipality of Calumet was created, but abolished on the next September 1 and reestablished in 1855.

Lead-zinc was discovered on L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet in 1893. New Calumet Mines began production in 1943, with a peak output of 840 tons per day in 1953 and employing 435 people. In 1968 the mine was shut down.

In 2003, the Township Municipality of Grand-Calumet became the Municipality of Grand-Calumet, and on December 22, 2007 changed its name to the Municipality of L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet.

Demographics

Canada census – L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet community profile
2011
Population731 (-6.9% from 2006)
Land area132.14 km (51.02 sq mi)
Population density5.5/km (14/sq mi)
Median age52.2 (M: 52.0, F: 52.3)
Private dwellings428 (total) 
Median household income$.N/A
Notes: 2011 income data for this area has been suppressed for data quality or confidentiality reasons.
References: 2011
Historical Census Data - L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet, Quebec
YearPop.±%
1991 787—    
1996 774−1.7%
2001 732−5.4%
2006 785+7.2%
2011 731−6.9%

Language

Languages:

  • English as first language: 21%
  • French as first language: 78%
  • Other as first language: 1%

List of mayors

Over its 158 years, the Municipality of L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet has had 21 mayors. They are as follows, including the years in which they served:

  • François X. Bastien (1847-1866)
  • Simon McNally (1894-1897)
  • Cornelius McNally (1894-1897, 1901-1924, 1927-1928)
  • François-Eugène LaSalle (1898-1900)
  • Thomas Griffen (1925-1926, 1929-1930)
  • Joseph Marchant (1931-1938)
  • François X. Rouleau(1939-1941)
  • Omer Dufault (1942-1949, 1954-1959)
  • George Dufault (1950-1951)
  • Pierre Corriveau (1951-1953)
  • Gérald Lemaire (1960-1962)
  • Alexandre Tremblay (1963-1965)
  • Eugène Pigeon (1965-1973, 1977-1978)
  • Marcel Pigeault (1974-1977, 1997-2001)
  • Pierre Asselin (1978-1979)
  • George Lamothe (1979-1980)
  • Marcel Meloche (1981-1982)
  • Lucien Brousseau (1983-1985)
  • Gaétan Boulanger (1985-1987)
  • Gisèle Benoît (1987-1995, 1995-1997)
  • Paul-Emile Maleau (2001–Present)

See also

References

  1. ^ "L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet". Répertoire des municipalités (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
  2. ^ "L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet census profile". 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2012-04-02. Cite error: The named reference "cp2011" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. "Banque de noms de lieux du Québec: Reference number 400324". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
  4. http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/pdf2008/Modif_dec07.pdf
  5. http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/pdf2008/modif_juil08.pdf
  6. http://www.originis.ca/paroisse_grand_calumet.html
  7. ^ "Municipalité de L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  8. ^ "Pontiac MRC Gateway: Calumet Island". Pontiac MRC Gateway. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  9. "Canton de Grand-Calumet" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  10. https://www.google.ca/#q=Eglise%20ste-anne&tbs=lf:1,lf_ui:1&rflfq=1&rlha=0&tbm=lcl&rlfi=hd:;si:4292471392959590983
  11. Dunn, Guillaume, Les forts de l'Outaouais, Éditions du jour, Montreal, 1975
  12. Taché, Jean-Charles, Forestiers et Voyageurs (chapter 15), 1884, Online version at Bibliothèque nationale du Québec
  13. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
  14. Cite error: The named reference cp2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet 150th Anniversary mayor list

External links

[REDACTED] Media related to L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet at Wikimedia Commons

Adjacent Municipal Subdivisions
Mansfield-et-Pontefract
Ottawa River		 Ottawa River / Litchfield
Ontario Whitewater Region, Ontario / Ottawa River L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet Ottawa River / Campbell's Bay
 bridge to Bryson
Ottawa River
Ontario Whitewater Region, Ontario		 Ottawa River / Litchfield
Quebec Subdivisions of Pontiac Regional County Municipality
Municipalities
Townships
Villages
Unorganized territories
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