Revision as of 17:03, 9 September 2006 editInstantnood (talk | contribs)32,683 edits Shanghai for Wu. Some considers each of the subgroup of Min to be separate language. There's no one single Min language. No source showing Hakka is a regional language at the province-level.← Previous edit | Revision as of 17:16, 9 September 2006 edit undoHuaiwei (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users44,504 edits Still no evidence concerning the SARS. Min is one "language" according to some. Hakka is clearly a regional language spoken in and outside ChinaNext edit → | ||
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==Influence of number of speakers== | ==Influence of number of speakers== | ||
There are many cases when a regional language can claim greater numbers of speakers than certain languages which happen to be ]s of sovereign states. For example, ] (a regional language of ] and ], albeit official in ]) has more speakers than ] or ]. In China, ], spoken in southern ] and northern ] by more than 90 million speakers, can claim more native speakers than ], and ], a regional language of ] and nearby areas in ] with more than 60 million local and overseas speakers (North America, parts of ]), outnumbers ] in number of speakers. |
There are many cases when a regional language can claim greater numbers of speakers than certain languages which happen to be ]s of sovereign states. For example, ] (a regional language of ] and ], albeit official in ]) has more speakers than ] or ]. In China, ], spoken in southern ] and northern ] by more than 90 million speakers, can claim more native speakers than ], and ], a regional language of ] and nearby areas in ] with more than 60 million local and overseas speakers (North America, parts of ]), outnumbers ] in number of speakers. The ] dialects have over 70 million speakers in and outside China, mainly in ], in nearby ], and in ] such as ] and ]. | ||
==Relationship with official languages== | ==Relationship with official languages== | ||
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*], a regional language of ] and ], belongs to the same language family as ] and ] | *], a regional language of ] and ], belongs to the same language family as ] and ] | ||
*], a regional language of ], belongs to the same family of ] as ]. | *], a regional language of ], belongs to the same family of ] as ]. | ||
*All of the following ] belong to the same family as ] (Putonghua |
*All of the following ] belong to the same family as ] (Putonghua in the People's Republic of China; Guoyu in the Republic of China (Taiwan); Huayu in Singapore). Each of them are often mutually unintelligible, but all use the same ], although this written language is largely based on the ]. | ||
**], a regional language of Shanghai, southern ] and northern ] | **], a regional language of Shanghai, southern ] and northern ] | ||
**], a regional |
**], a group of regional languages in ] and ] | ||
**], a regional language |
**], a regional language of ] | ||
**], a regional language in southern China, including Guangdong, Fujian, and Taiwan. | |||
*] in ]. | *] in ]. | ||
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*], the official language of ], ], ], ], ] and ], is a regional language of ] and ]. | *], the official language of ], ], ], ], ] and ], is a regional language of ] and ]. | ||
*], a ] and official in ], is a regional language of ] whose official language, ] is a Romance language. | *], a ] and official in ], is a regional language of ] whose official language, ] is a Romance language. | ||
*], one of the official spoken languages of ] and ] (both ]s of the ]), is used as a regional language of the province of ], ]. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*] | *] |
Revision as of 17:16, 9 September 2006
A regional language is a language spoken in a part of a country - it may be a small area, a federal state or province, or a wider area. It is often mistaken for a dialect.
Definition in international law
For the purposes of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages:
- "regional or minority languages" means languages that are:
- traditionally used within a given territory of a State by nationals of that State who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the State's population; and
- different from the official language(s) of that State
Influence of number of speakers
There are many cases when a regional language can claim greater numbers of speakers than certain languages which happen to be official languages of sovereign states. For example, Catalan (a regional language of Spain and France, albeit official in Andorra) has more speakers than Finnish or Danish. In China, Wu, spoken in southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang by more than 90 million speakers, can claim more native speakers than French, and Cantonese, a regional language of Guangdong and nearby areas in China with more than 60 million local and overseas speakers (North America, parts of Malaysia), outnumbers Italian in number of speakers. The Min dialects have over 70 million speakers in and outside China, mainly in Fujian, in nearby Taiwan, and in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Singapore.
Relationship with official languages
In some cases, a regional language may be closely related to the state's main language or official language. For example:
- Walloon, a regional language of France and Belgium, belongs to the same family of Oïl languages as French;
- Scots, a regional language of Scotland and Ireland, belongs to the same family of West Germanic languages as English.
- Frisian, a regional language of The Netherlands and Germany, belongs to the same language family as Dutch and German
- Võro, a regional language of Estonia, belongs to the same family of Finno-Ugric languages as Estonian.
- All of the following Chinese languages belong to the same family as Mandarin (Putonghua in the People's Republic of China; Guoyu in the Republic of China (Taiwan); Huayu in Singapore). Each of them are often mutually unintelligible, but all use the same standard written language, although this written language is largely based on the Mandarin dialects group.
- Aranese in Spain.
In other cases, a regional language may be very different from the state's main language or official language. For example:
- Basque, a regional language in Spain and France, is non-Indo-European, and therefore unrelated to Spanish or French, both Romance languages;
- Sorbian, a regional language of Germany, is a Slavic language, and therefore only distantly (as an Indo-European language) related to German, a Germanic language.
Official languages as regional languages
An official language of a country may also be spoken as a regional language in a region of a neighbouring country. For example:
- Catalan, the official language of Andorra, is a regional language in Spain, France and Italy.
- German, the official language of Austria, Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and Switzerland, is a regional language of Italy and Denmark.
- Hungarian, a Finno-Ugric language and official in Hungary, is a regional language of Romania whose official language, Romanian is a Romance language.
See also
- Minority language
- Languages of France
- Languages of the European Union
- British-Irish Council
- Languages in the United Kingdom
- List of Languages of Italy