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=== 1993–2004 === === 1993–2004 ===
Take-Two Interactive was founded on September 30, 1993, by Ryan Brant, the son of '']'' co-owner ]. The company completed its ] on April 15, 1997, being listed as '''TTWO''' on the ] stock exchange.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/10333888/1/take-two-interactive-probe-finds-backdating.html |title=Take-Two Interactive Probe Finds Backdating |author= |date= |website=TheStreet |accessdate=April 29, 2018}}</ref> In March 1998, Take-Two acquired BMG Interactive, the dormant video game publishing division of BMG Entertainment, for 1.85 million shares, about 16% of Take-Two's ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/bmg-interactive-acquired-by-taketwo-interactive--132878 |title=BMG Interactive Acquired by Take-Two Interactive |work=telecompaper.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-2-takes-bmg/1100-2462930/ |title=Take 2 Takes BMG |first=Chris |last=Johnston |date=April 28, 2000 |website=gamespot.com |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref> Take-Two Interactive was founded on September 30, 1993, by Ryan Brant, the son of '']'' co-owner ]. While Brant had worked for his father on business matters for ''Interview'', he wanted to forge his own path, deciding to create a video game publishing company. Brant stated "I wanted to get into a business where I could raise capital as a younger guy. In technology people expect you to be a younger person."<ref name="history"/> An initial {{USD|1.5 million}} in funding was established from family and private investors to launch the company.<ref name="history">{{cite book | title = International Directory of Company Histories | volume = 46 | year = 2002 | first = Tina | last = Grant | isbn = 1558624643 | pages = 390-391 | publisher = Saint James Press }}</ref>

Take-Two found its first major success within games that included ] with well-known live actors performing the parts, following the success that Mechadeus had with '']'' which featured ].<ref name="history"/> Take-Two hired ], among others, to star in parts for '']'' (1994), which sold over 300,000 copies over the following year and established profit for the company. This was followed by '']'' (1996), of which {{USD|625,000}} of its {{USD|2.5 million}} budget was used to hire actors such as ], ], and ]. The success of both these games, as well as earlier titles, led to a publishing agreement between Take-Two and ] to publish Take-Two's titles, as well as obtaining overseas distribution. Take-Two also secured a license with ] to publish on the ] line of consoles.<ref name="history"/>

Around 1996, the company was making about {{USD|10 million}}, but Brant wanted to further expand the company, and made its first acquisition of ] and publishing its '']'' game in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130449/the_end_game_how_top_developers_.php |title=The End Game: How Top Developers Sold Their Studios - Part One |first=Dan Lee |last=Rogers |date=March 3, 2004 |website=] |accessdate=February 3, 2018}}</ref> Brant decided to secure additional funds for acquisition by taking the company public. The company completed its ] (IPO) on April 15, 1997, being listed as '''TTWO''' on the ] stock exchange.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/10333888/1/take-two-interactive-probe-finds-backdating.html |title=Take-Two Interactive Probe Finds Backdating |author= |date= |website=TheStreet |accessdate=April 29, 2018}}</ref> From the IPO, the company gained about {{USD|6.5 million}} along with {{USD|4 million}} on venture fund promissory notes.<ref name="history"/> The additional funds allowed Take-Two to acquire ], including its overseas production capabilities, and its studio ]. Additionally, the company acquired Inventory Management Systems, Creative Alliance Group, and Alliance Inventory Management, three video game distribution companies that would help extend Take-Two's reach into the retail market.<ref name="history"/>

In March 1998, Take-Two acquired BMG Interactive, the dormant video game publishing division of BMG Entertainment, for 1.85 million shares worth about {{USD|14.2 million}}, about 16% of Take-Two's ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/bmg-interactive-acquired-by-taketwo-interactive--132878 |title=BMG Interactive Acquired by Take-Two Interactive |work=telecompaper.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-2-takes-bmg/1100-2462930/ |title=Take 2 Takes BMG |first=Chris |last=Johnston |date=April 28, 2000 |website=gamespot.com |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref> In the previous year, the United Kingdom-based ] under BMG Entertainment had just released '']'', and while it financially performed well but was not a critical success in Europe, it had sparked controversy over the use of violence in video games, with United States Senator ] speaking out strongly against it. Seeing the opportunity to capture attention on the game, Brant had initiated the acquisition of BMG as to acquire the ''Grand Theft Auto'' property, and at the same time, contacted BMG's ] and ] (both instrumental to getting ''Grand Theft Auto'' to market), Terry Donovan, and Jamie King to found a new label within Take-Two, called ] for which to develop more titles like it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/analysis/sam-houser-his-story/0116226 |title=Sam Houser: His-Story |website=] |date=August 15, 2008 |accessdate=March 17, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220065823/http://www.develop-online.net/analysis/sam-houser-his-story/0116226 |archivedate=December 20, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/gta-rockstar-co-founding-brothers-squeeze-into-britain-s-1-000-richest-people-list-with-ps90-million/1100-6419714/ |title=GTA, Rockstar co-founding brothers squeeze into Britain's 1,000 richest people list with £90 million |website=] |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710051025/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/gta-rockstar-co-founding-brothers-squeeze-into-britain-s-1-000-richest-people-list-with-ps90-million/1100-6419714/ |archivedate=July 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>http://www.playboy.com/articles/grand-theft-auto-sam-houser-interview</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wired.com/2002/07/rockstar-3/ | title = Why Rockstar Games Rule | first = Logan | last= Hill | date = July 2, 2002 | work = ] | accessdate = September 3, 2018 }}</ref> With the rights to ''Grand Theft Auto'', Take-Two expanded its publication into North America, and the game became Take-Two's first finanicial success with over 1.5 million copies sold.<ref name="history"/>

The company continued to acquire and invest with other companies to expand its publishing capabilities, including in DirectSoft Australia for the Oceania market, and All Games, Inc. for further in-roads into the United States markets.<ref name="history"/> In 1999, Take-Two acquired DMA Design (which ultimately would be renamed ]) and ] (eventually transferred over to ]), and invested into ].<ref name="history"/>


In 2004, Take-Two paid {{US$|22.3&nbsp;million}} to ] for the rights to the ].<ref>{{cite web |last=Feldman |first=Curt |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/civilization2/news.html?sid=6113971&mode=all |title=Civilization sold off to mystery buyer&nbsp;– PC News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=February 29, 1996 |accessdate=March 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Thorsen |first=Tor |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/civilizationiv/news.html?sid=6117117 |title=Take-Two takes over Civilization&nbsp;– PC News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=October 25, 2005 |accessdate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> In 2004, Take-Two paid {{US$|22.3&nbsp;million}} to ] for the rights to the ].<ref>{{cite web |last=Feldman |first=Curt |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/civilization2/news.html?sid=6113971&mode=all |title=Civilization sold off to mystery buyer&nbsp;– PC News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=February 29, 1996 |accessdate=March 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Thorsen |first=Tor |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/civilizationiv/news.html?sid=6117117 |title=Take-Two takes over Civilization&nbsp;– PC News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=October 25, 2005 |accessdate=March 24, 2009}}</ref>

Revision as of 15:52, 3 September 2018

"Take-Two" redirects here. For other uses, see Take Two.

Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.
Company typePublic
Traded as
IndustryVideo game industry
FoundedSeptember 30, 1993; 31 years ago (1993-09-30)
FounderRyan Brant
HeadquartersNew York City, New York, U.S.
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease US$1,792.892 million (2018)
Operating incomeIncrease US$135.577 million (2018)
Net incomeIncrease US$173.533 million (2018)
Total assetsIncrease US$3,737.841 million (2018)
Total equityIncrease US$1,488.970 million (2018)
Number of employeesIncrease 4,492 (2018)
Subsidiaries
Websitetake2games.com

Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. is an American video game holding company based in New York City, founded in September 1993 by Ryant Brant. As a video game publisher, the company operates two major publishing labels, Rockstar Games, and 2K, itself composed of three divisions: 2K Games, 2K Sports and 2K Play, all of which own and operate various game development studios. More recently, it has created the label Private Division to support publishing from third-party developers, and acquired Social Point, a publisher of mobile games.

Take-Two's portfolio includes numerous successful video game series, including BioShock, Borderlands, Civilization, Grand Theft Auto, NBA 2K, Red Dead, and XCOM. As of March 2018, it is the third largest publicly traded game company in the Americas and Europe, after Activision Blizzard and Electronic Arts.

History

1993–2004

Take-Two Interactive was founded on September 30, 1993, by Ryan Brant, the son of Interview co-owner Peter Brant. While Brant had worked for his father on business matters for Interview, he wanted to forge his own path, deciding to create a video game publishing company. Brant stated "I wanted to get into a business where I could raise capital as a younger guy. In technology people expect you to be a younger person." An initial US$1.5 million in funding was established from family and private investors to launch the company.

Take-Two found its first major success within games that included full motion video with well-known live actors performing the parts, following the success that Mechadeus had with The Daedalus Encounter which featured Tia Carrere. Take-Two hired Dennis Hopper, among others, to star in parts for Hell: A Cyberpunk Thriller (1994), which sold over 300,000 copies over the following year and established profit for the company. This was followed by Ripper (1996), of which US$625,000 of its US$2.5 million budget was used to hire actors such as Christopher Walken, Karen Allen, and Burgess Meredith. The success of both these games, as well as earlier titles, led to a publishing agreement between Take-Two and Acclaim Entertainment to publish Take-Two's titles, as well as obtaining overseas distribution. Take-Two also secured a license with Sony Computer Entertainment to publish on the PlayStation line of consoles.

Around 1996, the company was making about US$10 million, but Brant wanted to further expand the company, and made its first acquisition of Mission Studios and publishing its JetFighter III game in 1996. Brant decided to secure additional funds for acquisition by taking the company public. The company completed its initial public offering (IPO) on April 15, 1997, being listed as TTWO on the NASDAQ stock exchange. From the IPO, the company gained about US$6.5 million along with US$4 million on venture fund promissory notes. The additional funds allowed Take-Two to acquire GameTek, including its overseas production capabilities, and its studio Alternative Reality Technology. Additionally, the company acquired Inventory Management Systems, Creative Alliance Group, and Alliance Inventory Management, three video game distribution companies that would help extend Take-Two's reach into the retail market.

In March 1998, Take-Two acquired BMG Interactive, the dormant video game publishing division of BMG Entertainment, for 1.85 million shares worth about US$14.2 million, about 16% of Take-Two's common stock. In the previous year, the United Kingdom-based DMA Design under BMG Entertainment had just released Grand Theft Auto, and while it financially performed well but was not a critical success in Europe, it had sparked controversy over the use of violence in video games, with United States Senator Joe Lieberman speaking out strongly against it. Seeing the opportunity to capture attention on the game, Brant had initiated the acquisition of BMG as to acquire the Grand Theft Auto property, and at the same time, contacted BMG's Sam and Dan Houser (both instrumental to getting Grand Theft Auto to market), Terry Donovan, and Jamie King to found a new label within Take-Two, called Rockstar Games for which to develop more titles like it. With the rights to Grand Theft Auto, Take-Two expanded its publication into North America, and the game became Take-Two's first finanicial success with over 1.5 million copies sold.

The company continued to acquire and invest with other companies to expand its publishing capabilities, including in DirectSoft Australia for the Oceania market, and All Games, Inc. for further in-roads into the United States markets. In 1999, Take-Two acquired DMA Design (which ultimately would be renamed Rockstar North) and Bungie (eventually transferred over to Microsoft Game Studios), and invested into Gathering of Developers.

In 2004, Take-Two paid US$22.3 million to Infogrames for the rights to the Civilization series.

2005–2017

In 2005, Take-Two began a host of acquisitions, spending more than US$80 million buying game developers. It bought for US$32 million the development studios Visual Concepts and Kush Games, for US$11.4 million Gaia Capital Group and for around US$11.8 million the studio Irrational Games, which developed Freedom Force vs the 3rd Reich. Take-Two formed the publishing companies 2K Games and 2K Sports to manage a group of newly acquired development studios, and publishing deals with a variety of other well known studios. As part of the creation of 2K Sports, Take-Two acquired from Sega the rights to the ESPN 2K sports games created by Visual Concepts (football and basketball) and Kush Games (baseball and hockey); when announced, Take-Two renamed the franchise to omit "ESPN" from the titles. Then in November, Take-Two acquired Firaxis for US$27 million including possible performance bonuses. Founder Brant resigned from the company in October 2006, following a four-month disability leave due to a bad back.

In February 2007, Brant pleaded guilty to falsifying business records. He faced up to four years in prison and received a lighter sentence by agreeing to co-operate in a plea agreement to co-operate with prosecutors. The charges stemmed from 2005 when the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission alleged in a lawsuit that Brant, the company's head of sales Robert Blau, and its former chief financial officers Larry Mueller and James David Jr., inflated revenue in fiscal years 2000 and 2001.

At the annual meeting in March 29, 2007, ZelnickMedia staged a takeover of the company together with some of Take-Two Interactive's largest investors. That is, Take-Two investors ousted five of six board members. The investors (three hedge funds and one mutual fund, including Oppenheimer Funds and DE Shaw Valence Portfolios) controlled 46% of the stock. As of July 2015, Strauss Zelnick is the single largest shareholder by voting power.

In March 2007, Take-Two filed a lawsuit against Jack Thompson, to prevent him from filing a public nuisance complaint in Florida court as he did with Bully.

On May 22, 2007, Oasys Mobile signed a deal to bring several of the Sid Meier licenses to the mobile market. The original Sid Meier games are developed by Take-Two's company Firaxis Games. Oasys was to bring these games to the mobile market some time in 2008.

In mid-February 2008, rival game company Electronic Arts (EA) made a US$25-per-share all-cash transaction offer worth around US$2 billion to the board of Take-Two, subsequently revising it to US$26 per share after being rejected and making the offer known to the public. Rumors of a buyout had been floating around the internet several weeks prior. Stocks went up by 54% on Monday, following the Sunday announcement, closing over the US$26 offer price, whilst EA's own stock prices went down by 5%, the largest loss in over a year.

According to the April 2008 issue of Game Informer, EA CEO John Riccitiello said that EA considered a deal for Take-Two in the previous spring but axed it at the last minute. Take-Two's board of directors declined the cash deal. However, EA was still pursuing the acquisition of Take-Two, stating in a letter, "If you are unwilling to proceed on that basis, however, we may pursue other means, including the public disclosure of this letter, to bring our offer and the compelling value it represents to the attentions of Take-Two's shareholders." Later, Take-Two released a statement explaining why the company has rejected the offer, "In addition to undervaluing key elements of our business, EA's proposal fails to recognize the value we are building through our ongoing turnaround efforts, which will further revitalize Take-Two."

Take-Two offered to discuss the offer after Grand Theft Auto IV’s release on April 29, 2008. An acquisition would have ended EA's main competition in sports video games. The bid expired May 15, 2008, however EA extended the offer until June 16, 2008, at the same price of US$25.74 per share. Take-Two's position did not change and on September 14, 2008, EA announced that they decided to let the US$2 billion offer to buy Take-Two expire.

On September 8, 2008, they entered into an outsourcing agreement with Ditan Distribution LLC. Ditan assumes the responsibility for the pick, pack, ship and warehousing functions for Take-Two's publishing and distribution businesses previously handled by Take-Two's Jack of All Games subsidiary. The agreement allows Jack of All Games to primarily sell third-party products, to focus on purchasing, sales and service for their customers. In September 2009, following a lawsuit, Take-Two Interactive were forced to pay a US$20 million settlement for an inclusion of a sex mini-game that was included in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. On December 21, 2009, they sold Jack of All Games to SYNNEX Corporation. In May 2007, the UFC filed a lawsuit against the company over the video game they created for the organization. In 2010, Ben Feder stepped down as CEO, and was replaced by executive chairman Strauss Zelnick.

In January 2013, while being dissolved, THQ sold the rights of the WWE wrestling games series to Take-Two.

In March 2013, Karl Slatoff, chief operating officer of Take-Two Interactive, revealed that the company has an "extensive pipeline of unannounced titles in development," along with the announced Grand Theft Auto V and Agent games in development. While he did not share any further information regarding the game, he did mention that the Bully, Red Dead, Bioshock, Mafia, Borderlands, L.A. Noire and Max Payne franchises as being important to the company.

In November 2013, the company buys back activist billionaire investor Carl Icahn's 11% stake at a value worth $203.5 million

On December 2013, former Marvel editor-in-chief Bill Jemas announced that he had joined Take-Two to start a "graphic fiction imprint".

On February 1, 2017, the company acquired social and mobile game developer Social Point to enter into the mobile gaming industry.

In that same month, Take-Two and the National Basketball Association (NBA) announced a partnership to create the NBA 2K League, a profession eSports league based on the NBA 2K games, and the first eSports league to be managed by a professional sports league. Teams for the League are to be partially sponsored by existing NBA teams, so that there would be eSports equivalent teams for each of the thirty professional NBA teams. The inaugal season is planned to launch in May 2018.

On May 31, 2017, Take-Two Interactive acquired Kerbal Space Program.

On June 14, 2017, Take-Two Interactive sent a cease and desist letter to .black, the developers of OpenIV, a program which assists user in installing modifications for various Rockstar Games titles, such as Grand Theft Auto V, Max Payne 3 and Grand Theft Auto IV, that has been in development since 2008. The notice ultimately forced them to discontinue their program or await further action, with Take-Two Interactive reasoning that OpenIV allowed "third parties to defeat security features of its software and modify that software in violation Take-Two's rights". Shortly afterwards, though, Take-Two received a lot of negative backlash due to the cease and desist, causing them to retract the letter, and allow OpenIV's developers to continue.

Take-Two announced the formation of its Private Division publishing label on December 14, 2017. Private Division is aimed to fund and publish games by mid-size independent development studios. Take-Two plans to publish Kerbal Space Program under Private Division, as well as currently support four planned games from separate studios at its launch.

The company currently have a minority investment in mobile-game developer Scopely And at one point owned 20% of Bungie and 2% of Twitch respectively. The company is also seen as a "parent of independently managed publishing and development studios subsidiaries" with it holding-like structure

2018–present

By January 2018, the company plans on fully moving into its brand new HQ based in Bryant Park, leaving SoHo after 25 years. That same month, Strauss Zelnick will begin his second decade with the company; he will also remain Chairman and CEO of the company until 2024.

On March 8, 2018, Strauss Zelnick, the CEO and Chairman of Take-Two Interactive, attended a White House meeting held by the 45th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, along with various other attendees involved with the video game industry, and members of Congress, to discuss video game violence in the wake of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting.

On March 9, 2018, S&P Global announced the addition of Take-Two Interactive to the S&P 500; this makes the company the third video game company in history to achieve that, also the youngest of the three.

Games published

Main article: List of Take-Two Interactive games

Publishers

Current

Name HQ location Founded or acquired Ref.
2K Play Novato, California September 2007
2K Games January 2005
2K Sports January 2005
Private Division New York City, New York December 2017
Rockstar Games December 1998
Social Point Barcelona, Spain January 2017

Former

Name HQ location Founded or acquired Closed or sold Ref.
Double Take Comics New York City, New York October 2014 November 2016
DVDWave.com March 1999 December 1999
Gathering of Developers May 2000 December 2004
Global Star Software August 1999 September 2007
Gotham Games July 2002 December 2003
Jack of All Games West Chester, Ohio August 1998 February 2010
Joytech London, England February 1999 September 2007
On Deck Interactive Dallas, Texas May 2000 March 2001
Pixel Broadband Studios Tel Aviv, Israel March 2000 October 2000
Take-Two Licensing Westlake Village, California December 2003 January 2005
TalonSoft Baltimore, Maryland December 1998 2002
Techcorp Hong Kong, China July 2001 September 2007
Telstar Electronic Studios Walton-on-Thames, England May 1999 May 1999

Developers

Current

Parent Name HQ location Founded or acquired Ref.
2K Games 2K Chengdu Chengdu, China June 2011
2K Marin Novato, California December 2007
2K Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada 2006
Firaxis Games Sparks, Maryland November 2005
Ghost Story Games Westwood, Massachusetts February 2017
Hangar 13 Novato, California December 2014
2K Play Cat Daddy Games Kirkland, Washington 2003
2K Sports Visual Concepts Novato, California January 2005
Rockstar Games Rockstar India Bangalore, India March 2016
Rockstar Leeds Leeds, England March 2004
Rockstar Lincoln Lincoln, England June 1998
Rockstar London London, England November 2005
Rockstar New England Ballardvale, Massachusetts April 2008
Rockstar North Edinburgh, Scotland September 1999
Rockstar San Diego Carlsbad, California November 2002
Rockstar Toronto Oakville, Ontario July 1997

Former

Parent Name HQ location Founded or acquired Closed or sold Ref.
2K Games 2K Australia Canberra, Australia August 2005 April 2015
2K China Shanghai, China May 2006 November 2015
2K Czech Brno, Czech Republic January 2008 2017
2K Hangzhou Hangzhou, China 2007 November 2015
Frog City Software San Francsico, California 2003 2006
Irrational Games Quincy, Massachusetts January 2006 February 2017
Magic Pockets Torcy, France June 2005 January 2007
PopTop Software Fenton, Missouri July 2000 March 2006
2K Sports 2K Los Angeles Camarillo, California January 2005 2008
Indie Built Salt Lake City, Utah October 2004 April 2006
PAM Development Paris, France June 2005 June 2007
Venom Games Newcastle upon Tyne, England September 2004 July 2008
Rockstar Games Rockstar Vancouver Vancouver, British Columbia August 2002 July 2012
Rockstar Vienna Vienna, Austria January 2001 May 2006
Take-Two Interactive GearHead Entertainment Vancouver, British Columbia 1997 1999
Mission Studios Schaumburg, Illinois September 1996 2001

References

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  3. https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/08/23/esports-hits-court-players-gear-up-nba-2k-league-finals.html
  4. ^ Grant, Tina (2002). International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 46. Saint James Press. pp. 390–391. ISBN 1558624643.
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  9. "Sam Houser: His-Story". Develop. August 15, 2008. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. "GTA, Rockstar co-founding brothers squeeze into Britain's 1,000 richest people list with £90 million". GameSpot. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. http://www.playboy.com/articles/grand-theft-auto-sam-houser-interview
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  16. "Take-Two SEC filings reveal further 'Hot Coffee' lawsuits // GamesIndustry.biz". Web.archive.org. December 19, 2007. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  17. Hatfield, Daemon (October 18, 2006). "Take-Two Founder Resigns". ign.com. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  18. "Former Take-Two CEO gets probation – Crain's New York Business". Newyorkbusiness.com. August 1, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  19. "How Much to Hijack Grand Theft Auto?". frictionlessinsight.com. October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  20. "Experts: Take-Two Coup a Governance Win – Breaking – Technology". Melbourne: theage.com.au. March 31, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  21. "Investors oust board at Take-Two Interactive". March 29, 2007.
  22. "Q & A with Arnold S. Jacobs".
  23. Morris, Chris. "Take-Two's Strauss Zelnick publishes big games, but doesn't play them". Fortune. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  24. "Oasys Mobile Signs Licensing Deal with 2K". finance.sfgate.com. May 22, 2007. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  25. "EA's $2 billion bid for Take Two bad news for sports gaming". Ars Technica.
  26. Crecente, Brian (February 24, 2008). "Top: EA Makes Offer to Buy Take 2". Kotaku.com. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. McWhertor, Michael (December 20, 2007). "Take-two Interactive: Analyst "Convinced" That Take-Two Will Be Swallowed". Kotaku.com. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
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  31. Sinclair, Brendan (May 23, 2007). "UFC calls out Take-Two". GameSpot. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  32. Fritz, Ben (October 29, 2010). "Take-Two chief executive exits, to be replaced by chairman Strauss Zelnick". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
  33. Goldfarb, Andrew (February 14, 2013). "Take-Two Confirms WWE Publishing Deal". IGN. Retrieved February 16, 2013. We can confirm that we have entered into an agreement to publish the WWE video game series that is developed by Yukes.
  34. Makuch, Eddie (March 7, 2013). "Take-Two has 'extensive pipeline' of unannounced titles in development". GameSpot. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  35. Lieberman, David (November 26, 2013). "Take-Two Shares Slip After It Pays Carl Icahn $203.5M For His Stock". Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  36. "Take-Two Interactive Buys Back Carl Icahn's Shares for $203.5 Million". Retrieved October 25, 2017.
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