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| #REDIRECT ] | |||
| {{Redirect|Sophronia|the character from the epic poem ] by ]|Sophronia (Jerusalem Delivered)}} | |||
| {{italic title}} | |||
| {{taxobox | |||
| |image = Sophronitis_cernua1.jpg | |||
| |image_caption = ''Sophronitis cernua'' | |||
| |regnum = ] | |||
| |unranked_divisio = ] | |||
| |unranked_classis = ] | |||
| |ordo = ] | |||
| |familia = ] | |||
| |subfamilia = ] | |||
| |tribus = ] | |||
| |subtribus = ] | |||
| |alliance = Cattleya | |||
| |genus = '''''Sophronitis''''' | |||
| |genus_authority = ], 1828 | |||
| |subdivision_ranks = Species | |||
| |subdivision = See text. | |||
| |}} | |||
| {{R from alternative scientific name|plant}} | |||
| '''''Sophronitis''''', abbreviated '''Soph''' in horticultural trade, is a genus of small, ] or ] ]s, growing in the damp montane forest of eastern ], ] and NE ]. Currently, 65 species are recognized. | |||
| {{R with history}} | |||
| ''Sophronitis'' species are widely known for their red flowers, particularly ''Sophronitis coccinea''. Between the time that the Brazilian '']s'' were moved to ''Sophronitis'' and the reduction of ''Sophronitis'' to synonymy under '']'', the genus was also known for large flowered species such as ''Sophronitis purpurata''. | |||
| In January 2008, the International Orchid Committee voted to reduce ''Sophronitis'' to synonymy under '']''.<ref name="Sophronitis">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aos.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=4714|title=RHS Advisory Panel on Orchid Hybrid Registration (APOHR) Meeting |accessdate=2009-01-26|publisher=American orchid Society|year=2008|author=Ron McHatten}}</ref> The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) has already moved a hybrid of the ] '']'' that had been renamed '']'' into the genus '']''. | |||
| == Description == | |||
| They have short, ovoid, often densely clustered pseudobulbs along the ], in which grows a single, or rarely two, apical, erect, fleshy, gray-green ]. | |||
| The leaf gives rise to a terminal ] with one to eight ]s. Sometimes this inflorescence is subtended by a spathaceous bract, sometimes erroneously called ] (spathe is a typical form in some other families such as ] and ]). The flowers have similarly shaped ]s and ]s, and can be yellow, pink, lavender, magenta, orange and red. | |||
| The trilobed ] has lateral lobes that partially encircle the ]. The smaller midlobe has a yellow disc and the spur is adnate to the ]. The lip often presents some lamellate calli. | |||
| Some species are yellow, and almost all species have some shades of orange due to natural variation within the species. | |||
| They are used extensively in ] to influence the small size and the dark red color of the progeny, such as in the hybrid x ''Sophrolaeliocattleya'' (x''Slc''.) ''Sophronitis'' species are quite small, a characteristic that may be conferred to progeny such that they are more compact. | |||
| This new classification was created by Van den Berg and M.W. Chase in 2000. In addition to the traditional small, red species, it included all ''Laelia'' species from Brazil, based on DNA evidence. The Mexican species still are ''Laelia''. | |||
| ==Synonymy== | |||
| '''''Brasilaelia''''' <small>]</small>, '''''Chironiella''''' <small>]</small>, '''''Dungsia''''' <small>] & ]</small>, '''''Hadrolaelia''''' <small>] & ]</small>, '''''Hoffmannseggella''''' <small>]</small>, '''''Lophoglottis''''' <small>]</small>, '''''Microlaelia''''' <small>] & ]</small>, '''''Sophronia''''' <small>]</small> are synonyms of ''Sophronitis''. | |||
| To "reduce confusion" ''Sophronitis'' has been reduced to ] under '']''<ref>C. van den Berg "New Combinations in the Genus '']'' Lindl. (Orchidaceae)" ''Neodiversity'' '''3''' (2008) 3-12.</ref> | |||
| == Species == | |||
| Many of these species used to belong to the genus ''Laelia''. | |||
| * ''1.]'' Fowlie: '''Açu Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro). | |||
| * ''2.]'' (Brieger & Bicalho) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Alaor's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia). | |||
| * ''3.]'' V.P.Castro & Chiron: ''' (Brazil - Alagoas) | |||
| * ''4.]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro). | |||
| * ''5.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Angerer's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''6.]'' (Schltr.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Bahian Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia). | |||
| * ''7.]'' F.E.L.Miranda: '''Bicolored Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro). | |||
| * ''8.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Blumenschein's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''9.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Brade's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''10.]'' (H.G.Jones) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Short stemmed Sophronitis''' (Brazil). | |||
| * ''11.]'' (]) Fowlie: '''Short-stalked Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''12.]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Brieger's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''13.]'' (K.G.Lacerda & V.P.Castro) Campacci: '''Brito's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais) | |||
| * ''14.]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Caulescent Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''15.]'' (Lindl.) Hook.: '''Nodding Sophronitis''' (Brazil to NE. Argentina). This is the type species<ref>Carl Leslie Withner, ''The Cattleyas and Their Relatives: Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, and Other South American Genera'', Timber Press, 1990. p.67</ref> | |||
| ** ''15.1.Sophronitis cernua '' var. ''alagoensis'' (Brazil - Alagoas). Pseudobulb epiphyte | |||
| ** ''15.2.Sophronitis cernua'' var. ''cernua'' (Brazil to NE. Argentina). Pseudobulb epiphyte | |||
| * ''16.]'' (Bateman ex Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Cinnabar Sophronitis''' (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro). | |||
| * ''17.]'' (Lindl.)Rchb.f.: '''Scarlet Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Argentina - Misiones). | |||
| * ''18.]'' (Chiron & V.P.Castro) Campacci: '''Colnago's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''19.]'' (V.P.Castro & Campacci) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sophronitis of Conceição do Mato Dentro''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais) | |||
| * ''20.]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Crisped Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil) | |||
| * ''21.]'' (Thunb.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Cliff-dwelling Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''22.]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Day's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro). | |||
| ] | |||
| * ''23.]'' (Fowlie) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Duveen's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó). | |||
| * ''24.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Endsfeldz's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''25.]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''ESALQ's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''26.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''São Fidélis Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro). | |||
| * ''27.]'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Southern Yellow Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais) | |||
| * ''28.]'' (Cogn.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Fournier's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais) | |||
| * ''29.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Ghilany's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''30.]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Gloeden's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - São Paulo). | |||
| * ''31.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Graceful Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó). | |||
| * ''32.]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Grand Sophronitis''' (Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo). | |||
| * ''33.]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sickle-leaf Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo). | |||
| * ''34.]'' (Pabst & A.F.Mello) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Finely Bristled Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''35.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Itambé Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''36.]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Jonghe's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''37.]'' (V.P.Castro & Chiron) Baptista: '''Kaustsky's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo). | |||
| * ''38.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Kautsky's Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil) | |||
| * ''39.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Kettie's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais) | |||
| * ''40.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dwarf Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco). | |||
| * ''41.]'' (Lindl) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Lobed Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil. | |||
| * ''42.]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : '''Long-column Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó). | |||
| * ''43.]'' (Rchb.f. & Warm.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : '''Lund's Sophronitis''' (Bolivia to Argentina - Misiones, Salta). | |||
| ** ''43.1.Sophronitis lundii'' f. ''alba'' (L.C.Menezes) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase | |||
| * ''44.]'' Fowlie: '''Mantiqueira Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil). | |||
| * ''45.]'' (Campacci & Chiron) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Marçal's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia). | |||
| * ''46.]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Miller's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| ] | |||
| * ''47.]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Mixed Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo). | |||
| * ''48.]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Munchow's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo). | |||
| * ''49.]'' Baptista: '''Miranda's other Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''50.]'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Pabst's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais) | |||
| * ''51.]'' (R.C.Mota, P.L.Viana & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Hanging Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais) | |||
| * ''52.]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Perrin's Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil) | |||
| * ''53.]'' (Pabst & Senghas) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Pfister's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia). | |||
| * ''54.]'' (Linden & Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Spectacular Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil) | |||
| * ''55.]'' (Campacci) Campacci: '''Presidente's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''56.]'' (Hook.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dwarf Sophronitis''' (SE. & S. Brazil) | |||
| * ''57.]'' (Lindl. & Paxton) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Purple-stained Sophronitis''' (SE. & S. Brazil) | |||
| * ''58.]'' (Pabst) Withner (Brazil - Espírito Santo). | |||
| * ''59.]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Regina's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''60.]'' (Withner) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Red-lobed Sophronitis''' (Brazil – Bahia) | |||
| * ''61.]'' (Schltr) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sincorá Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia). | |||
| * ''62.]'' (Rolfe) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dark Sophronitis''' (Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo). | |||
| * ''63.]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Verboonen's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro). | |||
| * ''64.]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Green-flowered Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil) | |||
| * ''65.]'' Barb. Rodr.: '''Wittig's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo). | |||
| ** ''65.1.]'' f. ''candida'' Roeth & O.Gruss (2005) | |||
| * ''66.]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Yellow Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo). | |||
| == Natural hybrids == | |||
| <!-- Deleted image removed: ] --> | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × carassana'' (S. lucasiana × S. mantiqueira) (Brazil) | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × cipoensis'' (S. crispata × S. ghillanyi) (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × espirito-santensis'' (S. pumila × S. xanthina) (SE. Brazil) | |||
| * ''Sophronitis x feldmanniana'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005 | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × gerhard-santosii'' (S. harpophylla × S. kautskyana) (SE. Brazil). | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × lilacina'' (S. crispa × S. perrinii) (SE. Brazil). | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × mucugense'' (S. bahiensis × S. pfisteri) (Brazil - Bahia). | |||
| * ''Sophronitis x raganii'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005 | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × wyattiana'' (S. crispa × S. lobata) (SE. Brazil) | |||
| * ''Sophronitis × zaslawskii'' (S. harpophylla × S. praestans) (SE. Brazil) | |||
| == Doubtful Species == | |||
| * '']'' Lindl. '''Wing Fruited Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Paraguay). | |||
| ** The type of '']'' is from the city of Rio de Janeiro, where only '']'' occurs. The belief that this species corresponds to the western portion of the range into Paraguay does not match herbarium information. | |||
| * '']'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Twisted-stem Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais). | |||
| ** This taxon is a variation of '']'' which occurs only within some populations, with no biological grounds for species recognition. | |||
| == Gallery == | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| Image:Sop_mixta.jpg|''Sophronitis mixta'' | |||
| Image:Sop_longipes.jpg|''Sophronitis longipes'' | |||
| Image:Sop_perrini.jpg|''Sophronitis perrini'' | |||
| <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: Image:Sop_sincorana.jpg|''Sophronitis sincorana'' --> | |||
| <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: Image:Sophronitis_ceruna_flowers.jpg|''Sophronitis ceruna'' --> | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * van den Berg, C. and M.W. Chase. 2000. Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae - I. Lindleyana 15(2): 115-119. | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| {{Commons|Sophronitis|''Sophronitis''}} | |||
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