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<!--Please do not change the article name to "Iranian contitution" as the Pahlavi era constitution was not based on Quran and Islamic traditions.--> <!--Please do not change the article name to "Iranian constitution" as the Pahlavi era constitution was not based entirely on sharia.-->


'''The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran'''<ref>The exact wording of this document are variant in different translations.</ref> abolished the ]. The 1979 Constitution dates ] ] and is in force since ] ]<ref> ''Hauser Global Law School Program''</ref>. Significant amendments were adopted on ] ].<ref></ref> '''The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran'''<ref>The exact wording of this document are variant in different translations.</ref> abolished the ]. The 1979 Constitution dates ] ] and is in force since ] ]<ref> ''Hauser Global Law School Program''</ref>. Significant amendments were adopted on ] ].<ref></ref> It is the only constitution in the world to enshrine the principle of ].


==Preamble== ==Preamble==

Revision as of 12:31, 15 November 2006

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The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran abolished the Constitution of 1906. The 1979 Constitution dates 24 October 1979 and is in force since 3 December 1979. Significant amendments were adopted on 28 July 1989. It is the only constitution in the world to enshrine the principle of mullahcracy.

Preamble

The Islamic constitution begins by decrying that the "anti-despotic movement for constitutional government , and anti-colonialist movement for the nationalization of petroleum" in 1950s failed because of lack of religious coloring thereunder. Moreover, the "central axis" of the theocracy shall be Quran and hadith.

'Universal holy government'

"The Assembly of Experts...fram the Constitution... by the government...with the hope that this century will witness the establishment of a universal holy government and the downfall of all others."

Chapter I : General Principles

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Chapter II : Official Language, Script, Calendar, & Flag of Country

Language

Article 15 states that the "lingua franca of ... is Persian." Per Article 16, "Since the language of the Koran and Islamic texts and teachings is Arabic...it must be taught...in all areas of study."

Chapter III : Rights of People

Article 29

The constitution promises "financial support for every individual" for health services and unemployment. However, in reality such welfare programs do not exist for every citizen; though, veterans and families of martyrs are given some privileges.

Bearing arms

The constitution intentionally omits the right of civilians to bear arms even for a private militia, hunting, self-defense, et cetera.

Chapter IV : Economy & Financial Affairs

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Chapter V : Right of National Sovereignty

Pursuant to Article 60, the president fulfills "executive" functions "except in the matters that are directly placed under the jurisdiction of the " as enumerated in Article 110. Article 68 allows suspension of elections during wartime.

Chapter VI : Legislative Power

Article 81

This article makes it impossible for a multinational corporation to do business in Iran since "concessions to foreigners or the formation of companies" in Iran is forbidden.

Chapter VII : Councils

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Chapter VIII : Leader

Article 110

While nominally a "republic", the constitution's long list of powers accorded to the Supreme Leader are virtually boundless so long as he does not compromise Islamic principles. In practice, Supreme Leaders have not gone to the United Nations and seldom receive other heads of state.

Chapter IX : Presidency, Ministers, Army ,& Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps

Article 146

"...oreign military base in Iran, even for peaceful purposes, is forbidden."

Chapter X : Foreign Policy

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Chapter XI : Judiciary

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Chapter XII : Radio & Television

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Chapter XIII : Supreme Council for National Security

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Chapter XIV : Revision of Constitution

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No amendment that conflicts with the "Islamic character of the political system...and...the school " is permissible under any circumstances.

See also

Template:Step

References and notes

  1. The exact wording of this document are variant in different translations.
  2. Constitutional Background Hauser Global Law School Program
  3. Constitutional Background
  4. Framers' agenda

External links

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