| Revision as of 05:32, 26 February 2019 edit37.171.93.217 (talk)No edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 06:09, 26 February 2019 edit undoVolunteer Marek (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers94,123 edits Reverted to revision 768742292 by JJMC89 bot (talk) (TW)Tag: UndoNext edit → | ||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| | name = Barczewo | | name = Barczewo | ||
| | other_name = {{lang|de|Wartenburg in Ostpreußen}} | |||
| | image_flag = | | image_flag = | ||
| | image_shield = POL Barczewo COA.svg | | image_shield = POL Barczewo COA.svg | ||
| | image_skyline = Barczewo ratusz 2.jpg | | image_skyline = Barczewo ratusz 2.jpg | ||
| | image_caption = Town hall | | image_caption = Town hall | ||
| | pushpin_map = |
| pushpin_map = Poland | ||
| | subdivision_type = |
| subdivision_type = Country | ||
| | subdivision_name |
| subdivision_name = {{POL}} | ||
| | subdivision_type1 |
| subdivision_type1 = ] | ||
| | subdivision_name1 |
| subdivision_name1 = ] | ||
| | subdivision_type2 = ] | | subdivision_type2 = ] | ||
| | subdivision_name2 = ] | | subdivision_name2 = ] | ||
| Line 16: | Line 15: | ||
| | subdivision_name3 = ] | | subdivision_name3 = ] | ||
| | area_total_km2 = 4.58 | | area_total_km2 = 4.58 | ||
| | population_as_of = |
| population_as_of = 2006 | ||
| | population_total = |
| population_total = 7401 | ||
| | population_density_km2 = auto | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| | coordinates = {{coord|53|50|N|20|41|E|region:PL|display=inline}} | | coordinates = {{coord|53|50|N|20|41|E|region:PL|display=inline}} | ||
| Line 25: | Line 24: | ||
| | website = http://www.barczewo.pl }} | | website = http://www.barczewo.pl }} | ||
| '''Barczewo''' {{IPAc-pl|b|a|r|'|cz|e|w|o}} ({{lang-de|Wartenburg in Ostpreußen}}) |
'''Barczewo''' {{IPAc-pl|b|a|r|'|cz|e|w|o}} ({{lang-de|Wartenburg in Ostpreußen}}) is a town in ], ], ]. It is located 20 km NE of ]. The town dates its beginnings from 1325. Initially inhabited by the Baltic ], with the ] in 1466 the area became part of the ] ]; 1772-1945 ] and Germany (]). | ||
| In the 19th century with the rise of ], ] and ]s ] repressions and ] against Poles as well as organised resistance by Polish population followed. After the ] the town voted to remain in Germany. However, after the defeat of ] the town once more became part of a Polish state and the local German population was expelled. | |||
| ==Name== | ==Name== | ||
| Line 33: | Line 34: | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| The town was first located in 1325 but was soon after destroyed by ]. The rebuild town was granted city rights in 1364. In 1466, after the ], the town, then known as "Wartberg",<ref name=Bar> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426085516/http://ramsko.webd.pl/umb2011/index.php/historia/3-historia |date=April 26, 2012 }} {{pl icon}}</ref> became part of ]. In 1772, after the ] it was annexed by the ]. | The town was first located in 1325 but was soon after destroyed by ]. The rebuild town was granted city rights in 1364. In 1466, after the ], the town, then known as "Wartberg",<ref name=Bar> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426085516/http://ramsko.webd.pl/umb2011/index.php/historia/3-historia |date=April 26, 2012 }} {{pl icon}}</ref> became part of ]. In 1772, after the ] it was annexed by the ]. | ||
| The local monastery was ] in 1810 |
The local monastery was ] in 1810, in 1819/1820 Prussian authorities decided to close down the monastery that was stronghold of Polishness led by Tyburcjusz Bojarzynowski. After the death of Bojarzynowski it has been used has a prison since 1834.<ref name=Burgen>{{cite book|title=Burgen im Deutschordensstaat Preussen|first1=Malgorzata|last1=Jackiewicz-Garniec|first2=Miroslaw|last2=Garniec|publisher= |year=2009|isbn=|page=76|language=German}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426085516/http://ramsko.webd.pl/umb2011/index.php/historia/3-historia |date=April 26, 2012 }}</ref> According to W. Zenderowski this was part of Prussian repressions against Poles as the monastery was particularly hated by Prussian authorities for being a center of Polish resistance.<ref>W. Zenderowski, „Wiadomości Barczewskie”, 1999, 86, s. 11</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=January 2012}} | ||
| A Jewish community started to exist after 1815, a Synagogue was built in 1847, a confessional cemetery existed.<ref name=sztetl/> | |||
| In the ] of 1920 |
In the ] of 1920, which was largely boycotted by ethnic Poles and conducted during mass persecution of Polish activists, going as far as engaging in regular hunts and murder against them to influence the vote, the inhabitants voted to remain in ] ].<ref name=Bar/> | ||
| In ] the small remaining Jewish community was murdered in the ].<ref name=sztetl>{{cite web|url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/barczewo/ |title=sztetl.org |publisher=sztetl.org |date= |accessdate=2013-10-10}}</ref> The town was occupied by Soviet troops without a fight on 31 January 1945. On 22 May 1945 the town, now destroyed at 60%, was handed over to Polish officials. | In ] the small remaining Jewish community was murdered in the ].<ref name=sztetl>{{cite web|url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/barczewo/ |title=sztetl.org |publisher=sztetl.org |date= |accessdate=2013-10-10}}</ref> The town was occupied by Soviet troops without a fight on 31 January 1945. On 22 May 1945 the town, now destroyed at 60%, was handed over to Polish officials. | ||
| ===Polish share of population=== | |||
| According to German statistics Poles constituted 72% of population in 1825 and 62% in 1861;<ref> | |||
| Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie Warmii i MazurLucjan Czubiel, Tadeusz Domagała, page 81, 1969</ref> ] gives the number of 1500 Poles and 590 Germans living in the city in 1825<ref>Historia Pomorza: | |||
| (1815-1850)gospodarka, społeczeństwo, ustrójGerard Labuda | |||
| Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk,page 163, 1993</ref> During the ] in Russian Empire, Barczewo was the local centre of supplying medicine, food and even firearms to Polish rebels, with the Polish society in the city becoming active in war effort and led by August Sokołowski<ref>Dzieje Warmii i Mazur w zarysie, Tomy 1-2, Jerzy Sikorski, Stanisław Szostakowski, Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe,page 300, 1981</ref> In 1885 a mass rally was organised by Poles, demanding among others that Polish children should be allowed to use their language in education<ref>Przebudzenie narodowe Warmii, 1886-1893 | |||
| Andrzej Wakar, Wydawnictwo Pojezierze, page 23, 19821</ref> | |||
| In 1886 a bookstore with Polish books and publications was opened in the town and came into conflict with German authorities who wanted it to remove Polish language signs<ref>Słownik pracowników książki polskiej, Tom 1, Irena Treichel Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, page 97, 1972</ref> | |||
| In the interwar era the town was the residence of the fictional Kuba spod Wartemborka, a pseudonym of a figure in Polish press in Warmia created by Severyn Pieniężny which ridiculed Germanisation efforts against Poles in the region.<ref>Słownik biograficzny katolicyzmu społecznego w Polsce: Tom 2 Ryszard Bender, Ośrodek Dokumentacji i Studiów Społecznych, page 187 1994 | |||
| </ref><ref>Teoretyczne, badawcze i dydaktyczne założenia dialektologii | |||
| Sławomir Gala, Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, page 332 - 1998</ref> Polish organisations continued to thrive in the city, up until Second World War; as Nazi party was elected to power in Germany, repressions intensified, eventually both Poles and Jews were classified as subhuman and targeted for extermination and many Polish activists were either imprisoned or murdered in ] and ].<ref name=Bar/> | |||
| ==Historical population== | ==Historical population== | ||
| Line 47: | Line 60: | ||
| ==People== | ==People== | ||
| ] (1877-1946) in Barczewo, who was born in the city. The museum is | ] (1877-1946) in Barczewo, who was born in the city. The museum is located in the family home of the composer.]] | ||
| located in the family home of the composer.]] | |||
| * ] (1877–1946), composer | * ] (1877–1946), composer | ||
| Line 55: | Line 67: | ||
| ==Sites of interest== | ==Sites of interest== | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * |
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Mokotów Prison|pl}} where ] died | ||
| * Feliks-Nowowiejski-Museum | * Feliks-Nowowiejski-Museum | ||
| Line 65: | Line 77: | ||
| * {{Official website|http://www.barczewo.pl }} | * {{Official website|http://www.barczewo.pl }} | ||
| * | * | ||
| * |
* | ||
| * | * | ||
Revision as of 06:09, 26 February 2019
Place in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland| Barczewo | |
|---|---|
 Town hall | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Barczewo | |
| Coordinates: 53°50′N 20°41′E / 53.833°N 20.683°E / 53.833; 20.683 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Olsztyn |
| Gmina | Barczewo |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4.58 km (1.77 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 7,401 |
| • Density | 1,600/km (4,200/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 11-010 |
| Website | http://www.barczewo.pl |
Barczewo (Template:Lang-de) is a town in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland. It is located 20 km NE of Olsztyn. The town dates its beginnings from 1325. Initially inhabited by the Baltic Old Prussians, with the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 the area became part of the Kingdom of Poland until 1772; 1772-1945 Kingdom of Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).
In the 19th century with the rise of liberalism, nationalism and Otto von Bismarcks Kulturkampf repressions and Germanisation against Poles as well as organised resistance by Polish population followed. After the First World War the town voted to remain in Germany. However, after the defeat of Nazi Germany the town once more became part of a Polish state and the local German population was expelled.
Name
The German name of the town ("Wartenburg") has its origins from the town of Wartenburg (Elbe). In Polish the town was known historically as Wartembork, Wartenberg, Wartenbergk, Wathberg, Bartenburg, Warperc, Wasperc, Wartbór or Wartbórz. The modern name Barczewo is honouring Polish national activist who fought against Prussian oppression of Poles in Warmia Walenty Barczewski (1865–1928) and was given in December 1946 after the area was transferred to Poland. It was briefly named Nowowiejsk, after composer and local son Feliks Nowowiejski, in September 1946.
History
The town was first located in 1325 but was soon after destroyed by Lithuanians. The rebuild town was granted city rights in 1364. In 1466, after the Second Peace of Toruń, the town, then known as "Wartberg", became part of Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First partition of Poland it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. The local monastery was secularised in 1810, in 1819/1820 Prussian authorities decided to close down the monastery that was stronghold of Polishness led by Tyburcjusz Bojarzynowski. After the death of Bojarzynowski it has been used has a prison since 1834. According to W. Zenderowski this was part of Prussian repressions against Poles as the monastery was particularly hated by Prussian authorities for being a center of Polish resistance. A Jewish community started to exist after 1815, a Synagogue was built in 1847, a confessional cemetery existed.
In the East Prussian plebiscite of 1920, which was largely boycotted by ethnic Poles and conducted during mass persecution of Polish activists, going as far as engaging in regular hunts and murder against them to influence the vote, the inhabitants voted to remain in Weimar German East Prussia.
In World War II the small remaining Jewish community was murdered in the Holocaust. The town was occupied by Soviet troops without a fight on 31 January 1945. On 22 May 1945 the town, now destroyed at 60%, was handed over to Polish officials.
Polish share of population
According to German statistics Poles constituted 72% of population in 1825 and 62% in 1861; Gerard Labuda gives the number of 1500 Poles and 590 Germans living in the city in 1825 During the January Uprising in Russian Empire, Barczewo was the local centre of supplying medicine, food and even firearms to Polish rebels, with the Polish society in the city becoming active in war effort and led by August Sokołowski In 1885 a mass rally was organised by Poles, demanding among others that Polish children should be allowed to use their language in education In 1886 a bookstore with Polish books and publications was opened in the town and came into conflict with German authorities who wanted it to remove Polish language signs In the interwar era the town was the residence of the fictional Kuba spod Wartemborka, a pseudonym of a figure in Polish press in Warmia created by Severyn Pieniężny which ridiculed Germanisation efforts against Poles in the region. Polish organisations continued to thrive in the city, up until Second World War; as Nazi party was elected to power in Germany, repressions intensified, eventually both Poles and Jews were classified as subhuman and targeted for extermination and many Polish activists were either imprisoned or murdered in Nazi concentration camps and prisons.
Historical population
- 1861: 3,272 (77 Jews)
- 1875: 4,055
- 1880: 4,499 (111 Jews)
- 1933: 4,818 (40 Jews)
- 1939: 5,841 (23 Jews)
People
- Feliks Nowowiejski (1877–1946), composer
- Tomasz Zahorski (born 1984), footballer
Sites of interest
- Barczewo Castle
- Mokotów Prison where Erich Koch died
- Feliks-Nowowiejski-Museum
References
- ^ Jackiewicz-Garniec, Malgorzata; Garniec, Miroslaw (2009). Burgen im Deutschordensstaat Preussen (in German). p. 76.
- ^ Barczewo.pl Archived April 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Template:Pl icon
- Na przełomie lat 1819-1920 postanowiono rozwiązać klasztor, który był twierdzą polskości. W 1821 r., dokonano sekularyzacji, zmuszając zakonników do opuszczenia klasztoru. Wraz ze śmiercią ostatniego gwardiana, o. Tyburcjusza Bojarzynowskiego (1830), ostatni zakonnicy opuścili klasztor, który tego samego roku całkowicie opustoszał Archived April 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- W. Zenderowski, „Wiadomości Barczewskie”, 1999, 86, s. 11
- ^ "sztetl.org". sztetl.org. Retrieved 2013-10-10.
- Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie Warmii i MazurLucjan Czubiel, Tadeusz Domagała, page 81, 1969
- Historia Pomorza: (1815-1850)gospodarka, społeczeństwo, ustrójGerard Labuda Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk,page 163, 1993
- Dzieje Warmii i Mazur w zarysie, Tomy 1-2, Jerzy Sikorski, Stanisław Szostakowski, Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe,page 300, 1981
- Przebudzenie narodowe Warmii, 1886-1893 Andrzej Wakar, Wydawnictwo Pojezierze, page 23, 19821
- Słownik pracowników książki polskiej, Tom 1, Irena Treichel Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, page 97, 1972
- Słownik biograficzny katolicyzmu społecznego w Polsce: Tom 2 Ryszard Bender, Ośrodek Dokumentacji i Studiów Społecznych, page 187 1994
- Teoretyczne, badawcze i dydaktyczne założenia dialektologii Sławomir Gala, Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, page 332 - 1998
- verwaltungsgeschichte Template:De icon
External links
- Official website
- Local information
- Kreisgemeinschaft Allenstein-Land e.V.
- Interesting historical facts
53°50′N 20°41′E / 53.833°N 20.683°E / 53.833; 20.683
Categories: