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{{Self-published|date=May 2017}} |
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{{Self-published|date=May 2017}} |
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'''String transport''' Transport complex SkyWay (Unitsky String Transport) is a special automobile on steel wheels (passenger – unibus, cargo – unitruck, light vehicle with a bicycle drive – unibike), located on string rails mounted on supports (Fig. 1–14). The complex also includes infrastructure – stations, terminals, repair workshops, turnout switches, automated system of control, safety, power supply and communications. Due to high evenness and rigidity of rail-string track structureSkyWay, it is possible to develop motion speeds of up to 500 km/h. Rail-string tracks can be single- and multi-lanes, with track structures located on joint and free-standing supports, as well as mounted (when a rail automobile is mounted above onto two string rails) and suspended (when a rail automobile is suspended below one or two string rails). As to transport system carrying capacity and rolling stock passenger (cargo) capacity, SkyWay is divided into the following classes: ultra-lightweight, lightweight, medium-weight, heavyweight and super-heavyweight. As to speed limits, SkyWay can be low-speed (up to 100 km/h), fast (up to 200 km/h), high-speed (up to 300 km/h), super high-speed (up to 400 km/h) and hyper-speed (up to 500 km/h). High motion speeds place extremely strict requirements on evenness and rigidity of the track. Therefore, the higher the design speed is, the more expensive SkyWay track will be. |
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'''String transport''' Transport complex SkyWay (Unitsky String Transport) is a special automobile on steel wheels (passenger – unibus, cargo – unitruck, light vehicle with a bicycle drive – unibike), located on string rails mounted on supports (Fig. 1–14). The complex also includes infrastructure – stations, terminals, repair workshops, turnout switches, automated system of control, safety, power supply and communications. Due to high evenness and rigidity of rail-string track structureSkyWay, it is possible to develop motion speeds of up to 500 km/h. Rail-string tracks can be single- and multi-lanes, with track structures located on joint and free-standing supports, as well as mounted (when a rail automobile is mounted above onto two string rails) and suspended (when a rail automobile is suspended below one or two string rails). As to transport system carrying capacity and rolling stock passenger (cargo) capacity, SkyWay is divided into the following classes: ultra-lightweight, lightweight, medium-weight, heavyweight and super-heavyweight. As to speed limits, SkyWay can be low-speed (up to 100 km/h), fast (up to 200 km/h), high-speed (up to 300 km/h), super high-speed (up to 400 km/h) and hyper-speed (up to 500 km/h). High motion speeds place extremely strict requirements on evenness and rigidity of the track. Therefore, the higher the design speed is, the more expensive SkyWay track will be. |
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A prototype of this technology was assessed by the ] in 2008. They concluded that "the technology is filled with a large number of system defects" and that the system is "associated with great risk". In 2016, a Russian government panel that evaluated the technology called it "innovative, but only in theory".<ref name="2017JulyETControversy"/> |
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Although India, Italy, Lithuania and the United Arab Emirates<ref>https://www.rta.ae/wps/portal/rta/ae/home/news-and-media/all-news/NewsDetails/mou-with-skyway-greentech-to-develop-sky-pod-network</ref> started negotiating with the SkyWay Group, no projects have been realized; ] contracts were apparently signed but projects in Lithuania and India have been stalled due to concerns about safety and viability of the technology as well as financial irregularity.<ref name="2017JulyETControversy"/> The Italian government has banned the advertisement and sale of SkyWay group company shares.<ref name="letteraemme"/> |
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The '''SkyWay Group''' is financing itself with suspicious marketing techniques<ref>{{cite web|date=22 September 2017|url=https://www.fsma.be/en/warnings/first-skyway-invest-group-limited-skyway-capital|title=First Skyway Invest Group Limited ("Skyway Capital")|publisher=Financial Services and Markets Authority|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> and ].<ref name="letteraemme"/> As a result, financial regulators in Belgium, Estonia,<ref>{{cite web|date=22 September 2017|url=https://www.fsma.be/en/warnings/first-skyway-invest-group-limited-skyway-capital|title=First Skyway Invest Group Limited ("Skyway Capital")|publisher=Financial Services and Markets Authority|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> Germany,<ref>https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/DE/Verbrauchermitteilung/weitere/2018/vm_181108_first_skyway_invest_group.html First Skyway Invest Group Ltd: Anhaltspunkte für fehlenden Verkaufsprospekt] BaFin</ref> Greece,<ref>https://economynews247.ibhs.gr/epixeiriseis/17219-epitropi-kefalaiagoras-choris-egkrisi-oi-diafimiseis-tis-skyway-invest-group</ref> Italy,<ref name="letteraemme"/> Lithuania,<ref>{{cite web|date=22 September 2017|url=https://www.fsma.be/en/warnings/first-skyway-invest-group-limited-skyway-capital|title=First Skyway Invest Group Limited ("Skyway Capital")|publisher=Financial Services and Markets Authority|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> and New Zealand<ref> https://www.fma.govt.nz/news-and-resources/warnings-and-alerts/skyway-capitalskyway-group/</ref> have issued warnings about the scheme and accused the promoters of not complying with legal requirements when seeking investment.<ref name="lbltwarning"/> The ] in Belgium warned that '''SkyWay Group''' finances exhibited "characteristics of a pyramid scheme."<ref>{{cite web|date=22 September 2017|url=https://www.fsma.be/en/warnings/first-skyway-invest-group-limited-skyway-capital|title=First Skyway Invest Group Limited ("Skyway Capital")|publisher=Financial Services and Markets Authority|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> |
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==Evaluation of the SkyWay technology== |
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===Russia=== |
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The technology promoted by the '''SkyWay Group''' was assessed in Russia in 2008 and 2016. An earlier prototype of this technology was assessed in 2008 by the ] but it was subsequently dropped after they concluded that the project was "not viable and unsafe". According to their assessment, this technology is filled with a "large number of system defects and (is) almost unrealistic because it doesn’t provide an even path for the traffic". The report also quoted that "Passengers are at altitude from the ground level. Destruction of any string leads to deaths. The system is associated with great risk." In 2016, a Russian government panel that evaluated the technology called it "innovative, but only in theory".<ref name="2017JulyETControversy" /> |
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== Unrealized projects == |
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=== Russia === |
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In 2007 and 2008 pilot projects of the SkyWay technology were planned in Russian cities. But specialists of the ] gave a negative assessment of the project and it was not implemented.<ref name="letteraemme"/> |
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=== India === |
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In May 2017 a ] was signed by ] the minister of Urban Development of the Northern Indian state ] government with one of the SkyWay group companies. Although ] said the facility would be started in the next three years, in July 2017 the Economic Times reported that the project ran into controversy when doubts were raised over the credentials of this Belarus-based company along with concerns over the suitability of this means of transport for the region. The congress government was criticised for "the decision to sign a memorandum of understanding with a company with no operational projects anywhere in the world" and doubts were raised over the safety and viability of the project.<ref name="2017JulyETControversy">{{cite news|last1=Venugopal|first1=Vasudha|title=Doubts raised over Belarus company credential for Rs 250-crore skyway transport project in Dharamshala|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/doubts-raised-over-belarus-company-credential-for-rs-250-crore-skyway-transport-project-in-dharamshala/articleshow/59568813.cms|accessdate=15 July 2017|work=The Economic Times|date=13 July 2017}}</ref> |
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== Financial irregularities == |
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=== Lithuania === |
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In 2014, the company planned to build its first test site in ], but this project was cancelled at the end of 2014 due to suspicions of financial fraud from the Bank of ], which warned investors that unidentified individuals invited Lithuanian residents to invest in "next-generation string transport" by acquiring on-line shares of the private limited company without a prospectus approved by a competent authority.<ref name="lbltwarning"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/transport/?doc=96284|title=Investment project from Yunitskiy in Siauliai – threat to national security?|last=курс|first=The Baltic Course - Балтийский|work=The Baltic Course {{!}} Baltic States news & analytics|access-date=2017-03-01}}</ref> The prosecutor's office in Vilnius decided, however, to stop its investigations in May 2017.<ref name="lietuvos">{{Cite news|url=http://www.delfi.lt/verslas/verslas/lietuvos-bankas-oro-traukinius-zadancio-a-junickio-veikloje-sukciavimo-pozymiai.d?id=65880462|title=Lietuvos bankas: "oro traukinius" žadančio A. Junickio veikloje – sukčiavimo požymiai|last=Černiauskas|first=Šarūnas|work=DELFI|access-date=2017-03-01}}</ref><ref name="tbc2017>{{Cite news|url=http://bnn-news.com/genuine-investment-project-boondoggle-scheme-lithuania-national-security-threat-119828|title=A genuine investment project? A boondoggle? A scheme? Lithuania: a national security threat first|date=2014-09-25|work=Baltic News Network - News from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia|access-date=2017-03-01|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Belgium === |
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In September 2017, the Belgian ] (FSMA) issued a warning concerning Skyway Capital who were offering investment to the public without a prospectus approved by the FSMA, as required by Belgian law. The FSMA further stated that "the scheme proposed by SkyWay Capital exhibits the characteristics of a pyramid scheme."<ref>, Financial Services and Markets Authority, 22 September 2017.</ref> |
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=== Italy === |
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In January 2018 The Italian Companies and Exchange Commission CONFOB – a governmental organisation – banned the advertisement and sale of SkyWay shares in Italy.<ref name="letteraemme">{{cite web|title=Sky Way, l’azienda del “tram volante” che non ha mai realizzato un progetto|date=2018-07-20|url=http://www.letteraemme.it/2018/07/20/sky-way-lazienda-del-tram-volante-che-non-ha-mai-realizzato-un-progetto/|website=letteraemme.it|access-date=2019-02-04}}</ref> |
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=== Other countries === |
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In 2018, the authorities of ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Skyway Capital/Skyway Group |url=https://fma.govt.nz/news-and-resources/warnings-and-alerts/skyway-capitalskyway-group/ |website=Financial Markets Authority (New Zealand) |accessdate=16 February 2019}}</ref>, ] and ] issued an official warning about investing money in SkyWay, specifying that the company had no license to offer investments in the country.<ref> BehindMLM</ref><ref> BaFin</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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==Notes and references== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:String Transport}} |
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] |
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