| Revision as of 02:53, 26 February 2019 editMaias (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers115,794 edits added Category:Birds described in 1994 using HotCat← Previous edit | Revision as of 19:25, 4 October 2019 edit undoRjwilmsi (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers932,073 editsm →top: Journal cites, Added 1 doi to a journal citeTag: AWBNext edit → | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| '''Scarlett's shearwater''' (''Puffinus spelaeus'') is an extinct species of ] in the ] ] ]. Its common name commemorates New Zealand ] ], who recognised the bird's ] remains represented a distinct species.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/scarletts-shearwater|title=Scarlett’s shearwater|last=Michaux|first=B.|date=2013|editor-last=Miskelly|editor-first=Colin|website=NZ Birds Online|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> | '''Scarlett's shearwater''' (''Puffinus spelaeus'') is an extinct species of ] in the ] ] ]. Its common name commemorates New Zealand ] ], who recognised the bird's ] remains represented a distinct species.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/scarletts-shearwater|title=Scarlett’s shearwater|last=Michaux|first=B.|date=2013|editor-last=Miskelly|editor-first=Colin|website=NZ Birds Online|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> | ||
| This bird was described from bones collected in 1991 from a cave near the Fox River in the ] of ].<ref> of ''Puffinus spelaeus'' in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</ref> Subsequent discoveries of bones dating from 20,000 years ago to less than 600 years old reveal it was found only in the west and northwest of the South Island, in ] and ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Holdaway|first=Richard N.|last2=Worthy|first2=Trevor H.|date=1994|title=A New Fossil Species of Shearwater ''Puffinus'' From the Late Quaternary of the South Island, New Zealand, and Notes on the Biogeography and Evolution of the ''Puffinus gavia'' Superspecies|url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/mu/MU9940201|journal=Emu|volume=94|issue=3|pages=201–215|via=}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Scarlett's shearwater was closely related to the fluttering shearwater (]) and Hutton's shearwater (]), and ] from fossil bones show that all three had a common ancestor about 1 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2017/01/31/dna-reveals-relationships-of-the-extinct-scarletts-shearwater/|title=DNA reveals relationships of the extinct Scarlett’s shearwater|last=Shepherd|first=Lara|date=31 Jan 2017|website=Te Papa Blog|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref><ref>Tennyson, A.J.D.; Shepherd, L.D. (2017). "DNA reveals the relationships of the extinct Scarlett's shearwater ''Puffinus spelaeus'' (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae)." ''Journal of Ornithology 158'': 379–384.</ref> It was smaller than its relatives, with an estimated weight of 250 g, and had the short wings characteristic of the fluttering shearwater.<ref name=":0" /> ''P. spelaeus'' is most likely to have been driven to extinction by a combination of exploitation by humans and predation by ]/] ''Rattus exulans'', which was introduced by ] to New Zealand about 750 years ago.<ref name=":1" /> | This bird was described from bones collected in 1991 from a cave near the Fox River in the ] of ].<ref> of ''Puffinus spelaeus'' in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</ref> Subsequent discoveries of bones dating from 20,000 years ago to less than 600 years old reveal it was found only in the west and northwest of the South Island, in ] and ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Holdaway|first=Richard N.|last2=Worthy|first2=Trevor H.|date=1994|title=A New Fossil Species of Shearwater ''Puffinus'' From the Late Quaternary of the South Island, New Zealand, and Notes on the Biogeography and Evolution of the ''Puffinus gavia'' Superspecies|url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/mu/MU9940201|journal=Emu|volume=94|issue=3|pages=201–215|via=|doi=10.1071/mu9940201}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Scarlett's shearwater was closely related to the fluttering shearwater (]) and Hutton's shearwater (]), and ] from fossil bones show that all three had a common ancestor about 1 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2017/01/31/dna-reveals-relationships-of-the-extinct-scarletts-shearwater/|title=DNA reveals relationships of the extinct Scarlett’s shearwater|last=Shepherd|first=Lara|date=31 Jan 2017|website=Te Papa Blog|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref><ref>Tennyson, A.J.D.; Shepherd, L.D. (2017). "DNA reveals the relationships of the extinct Scarlett's shearwater ''Puffinus spelaeus'' (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae)." ''Journal of Ornithology 158'': 379–384.</ref> It was smaller than its relatives, with an estimated weight of 250 g, and had the short wings characteristic of the fluttering shearwater.<ref name=":0" /> ''P. spelaeus'' is most likely to have been driven to extinction by a combination of exploitation by humans and predation by ]/] ''Rattus exulans'', which was introduced by ] to New Zealand about 750 years ago.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:25, 4 October 2019
| Scarlett's shearwater Temporal range: Pleistocene–Holocene | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Procellariiformes |
| Family: | Procellariidae |
| Genus: | Puffinus |
| Species: | P. spelaeus |
| Binomial name | |
| Puffinus spelaeus Holdaway & Worthy, 1994 | |
Scarlett's shearwater (Puffinus spelaeus) is an extinct species of seabird in the petrel family Procellariidae. Its common name commemorates New Zealand palaeontologist Ron Scarlett, who recognised the bird's subfossil remains represented a distinct species.
This bird was described from bones collected in 1991 from a cave near the Fox River in the South Island of New Zealand. Subsequent discoveries of bones dating from 20,000 years ago to less than 600 years old reveal it was found only in the west and northwest of the South Island, in Northwest Nelson and Buller. Scarlett's shearwater was closely related to the fluttering shearwater (P. gavia) and Hutton's shearwater (P. huttoni), and DNA evidence from fossil bones show that all three had a common ancestor about 1 million years ago. It was smaller than its relatives, with an estimated weight of 250 g, and had the short wings characteristic of the fluttering shearwater. P. spelaeus is most likely to have been driven to extinction by a combination of exploitation by humans and predation by kiore/Polynesian rat Rattus exulans, which was introduced by Polynesians to New Zealand about 750 years ago.
References
- ^ Michaux, B. (2013). Miskelly, Colin (ed.). "Scarlett's shearwater". NZ Birds Online.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - Holotype of Puffinus spelaeus in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
- ^ Holdaway, Richard N.; Worthy, Trevor H. (1994). "A New Fossil Species of Shearwater Puffinus From the Late Quaternary of the South Island, New Zealand, and Notes on the Biogeography and Evolution of the Puffinus gavia Superspecies". Emu. 94 (3): 201–215. doi:10.1071/mu9940201.
- Shepherd, Lara (31 Jan 2017). "DNA reveals relationships of the extinct Scarlett's shearwater". Te Papa Blog. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - Tennyson, A.J.D.; Shepherd, L.D. (2017). "DNA reveals the relationships of the extinct Scarlett's shearwater Puffinus spelaeus (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae)." Journal of Ornithology 158: 379–384.
External links
- Scarlett's Shearwater. Puffinus spelaeus. by Paul Martinson. Artwork produced for the book Extinct Birds of New Zealand, by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Puffinus spelaeus | |