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| '''Subconjunctival bleeding''', also known as '''subconjunctival hemorrhage''', is |
'''Subconjunctival bleeding''', also known as '''subconjunctival hemorrhage''', is bleeding underneath the ]. The conjunctiva contains many small, fragile ] that are easily ruptured or broken. When this happens, blood leaks into the space between the conjunctiva and ]. | ||
| Risk factors include sneezing or cough, ], ]s such as ] or ],<ref name=NIH>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002583/|work=PubMed Health on the ] website|title=Subconjunctival hemorrhage|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}</ref> heavy lifting, ], rubbing the eye too vigorously,<ref name=Disease>{{cite web|url=http://disease.disease.com/Signs/Subconjunctival-Hemorrhage.html |work=Disease.com|title=Subconjunctival hemorrhage |date=n.d.|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}</ref> being choked, straining, after eye surgery such as ], and atmospheric pressure changes such as those which occur with diving and airplane ascent and descent. | |||
| Diagnosis is by visual inspection of the eye. The condition is not dangerous and resolves spontaneously within two weeks. No treatment is needed for resolution; artificial tears may be used for eye discomfort. | Diagnosis is by visual inspection of the eye. The condition is not dangerous and resolves spontaneously within two weeks. No treatment is needed for resolution; artificial tears may be used for eye discomfort. | ||
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| ==Signs and symptoms== | ==Signs and symptoms== | ||
| A subconjunctival hemorrhage is usually |
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is usually does not result in pain, although occasionally the affected eye may feel dry, rough, or scratchy. | ||
| A subconjunctival hemorrhage initially appears bright-red underneath the transparent conjunctiva. Later, the hemorrhage may spread and become green or yellow as the hemoglobin is metabolized. It usually disappears within 2 weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic270.htm |title=Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |author=Robert H. Grahamn |date=February 2009 |work=emedicine.com |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref> | A subconjunctival hemorrhage initially appears bright-red underneath the transparent conjunctiva. Later, the hemorrhage may spread and become green or yellow as the hemoglobin is metabolized. It usually disappears within 2 weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic270.htm |title=Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |author=Robert H. Grahamn |date=February 2009 |work=emedicine.com |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref> | ||
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| ==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
| *It may result from being choked | *It may result from being choked | ||
| *Certain infections of the outside of the eye (conjunctivitis) where a virus or a bacteria weaken the walls of small blood vessels under the conjunctiva | *Certain infections of the outside of the eye (conjunctivitis) where a virus or a bacteria weaken the walls of small blood vessels under the conjunctiva | ||
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| *] (results in ] subconjunctival hemorrhage) | *] (results in ] subconjunctival hemorrhage) | ||
| Subconjunctival hemorrhages in infants may be associated with ] (a vitamin C deficiency),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1151.html |title=Möller-Barlow disease |publisher=whonamedit.com |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic628.htm |author=Bruce M. Rothschild |title=Scurvy |date=December 17, 2008 |publisher=] |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref> ] or traumatic ] syndrome.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma |author1=Spitzer S. G |author2=Luorno J. |author3=Noël L. P. |pmid = 15729281|doi=10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.10.003}}</ref> | Subconjunctival hemorrhages in infants may be associated with ] (a vitamin C deficiency),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1151.html |title=Möller-Barlow disease |publisher=whonamedit.com |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic628.htm |author=Bruce M. Rothschild |title=Scurvy |date=December 17, 2008 |publisher=] |accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref> ] or traumatic ] syndrome.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma |author1=Spitzer S. G |author2=Luorno J. |author3=Noël L. P. |pmid = 15729281|doi=10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.10.003}}</ref> | ||
| ==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
| Diagnosis is by visual inspection, by noting the typical finding of bright red discoloration confined to the white portion (sclera) of the eye. | Diagnosis is by visual inspection, by noting the typical finding of bright red discoloration confined to the white portion (sclera) of the eye. | ||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist}} | ||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist |
||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
Revision as of 10:02, 16 October 2019
Medical condition| Subconjunctival bleeding | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Subconjunctival hemorrhage, subconjunctival haemorrhage, hyposphagma |
 | |
| Subconjunctival hemorrhage causing red coloration as result of ruptured blood vessel in the eye. | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
Subconjunctival bleeding, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, is bleeding underneath the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva contains many small, fragile blood vessels that are easily ruptured or broken. When this happens, blood leaks into the space between the conjunctiva and sclera.
Risk factors include sneezing or cough, high blood pressure, blood thinners such as aspirin or warfarin, heavy lifting, vomiting, rubbing the eye too vigorously, being choked, straining, after eye surgery such as LASIK, and atmospheric pressure changes such as those which occur with diving and airplane ascent and descent.
Diagnosis is by visual inspection of the eye. The condition is not dangerous and resolves spontaneously within two weeks. No treatment is needed for resolution; artificial tears may be used for eye discomfort.
Signs and symptoms
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is usually does not result in pain, although occasionally the affected eye may feel dry, rough, or scratchy.
A subconjunctival hemorrhage initially appears bright-red underneath the transparent conjunctiva. Later, the hemorrhage may spread and become green or yellow as the hemoglobin is metabolized. It usually disappears within 2 weeks.
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(Top) A stress induced subconjunctival bleeding in the left eye one week after hemorrhaging.
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Subconjunctival hemorrhage viewed through slit lamp biomicroscope
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Subconjunctival hemorrhage in the left eye 48 hours after the onset of hemorrhaging.
Causes
- It may result from being choked
- Certain infections of the outside of the eye (conjunctivitis) where a virus or a bacteria weaken the walls of small blood vessels under the conjunctiva
- Mask squeeze from diving and not equalizing mask pressure during descent
- Eye trauma
- Coagulation disorder (congenital or acquired)
- Head injury
- Whooping cough or other extreme sneezing or coughing
- Severe hypertension
- LASIK
- Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (caused by Enterovirus 70 or Coxsackie A virus)
- Leptospirosis
- Ebola
- Increased venous pressure (e.g., extreme g-force, straining, vomiting, choking, or coughing) or from straining due to constipation
- Zygoma fracture (results in lateral subconjunctival hemorrhage)
Subconjunctival hemorrhages in infants may be associated with scurvy (a vitamin C deficiency), abuse or traumatic asphyxia syndrome.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by visual inspection, by noting the typical finding of bright red discoloration confined to the white portion (sclera) of the eye.
Management
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is typically a self-limiting condition that requires no treatment unless there is evidence of an eye infection or there has been significant eye trauma. The elective use of aspirin and NSAIDs is typically discouraged. Artificial tears may be applied four to six times a day if the eye feels dry or scratchy .
References
- ^ "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". PubMed Health on the National Institutes of Health website. May 1, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- ^ "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". Disease.com. n.d. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- "Möller-Barlow disease". whonamedit.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- Bruce M. Rothschild (December 17, 2008). "Scurvy". eMedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- Spitzer S. G; Luorno J.; Noël L. P. "Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma". doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.10.003. PMID 15729281.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
External links
| Classification | D |
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| External resources |
| Ischaemia and infarction | |
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| Ischemia |
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| Infarction | |