Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 10:39, 18 October 2019

November 2019 Spanish general election

← 2019 (Apr) 10 November 2019
← outgoing members
All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 265) seats in the Senate 176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
Opinion polls
Registered	37,000,608 0.3%
Leader Pedro Sánchez Pablo Casado Albert Rivera Party PSOE PP Cs Leader since 18 June 2017 21 July 2018 9 July 2006 Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Madrid Last election 123 seats, 28.7% 66 seats, 16.7% 57 seats, 15.9% Seats needed 53 110 119   Leader Pablo Iglesias Santiago Abascal Gabriel Rufián Party Unidas Podemos Vox ERC Leader since 15 November 2014 20 September 2014 14 October 2019 Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Barcelona Last election 42 seats, 14.3% 24 seats, 10.3% 15 seats, 3.9% Seats needed 134 152 N/A
Constituency results map for the Congress of Deputies
Incumbent Prime Minister None (Pedro Sánchez as acting)

The November 2019 Spanish general election will be held on Sunday, 10 November 2019, to elect the 14th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies will be up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.

The election will be held as provided under article 99.5 of the Spanish Constitution, as a result of the failure in government formation negotiations after Pedro Sánchez's failed investiture voting on 23–25 July 2019. On 17 September 2019, King Felipe VI declined to propose any candidate for investiture ahead of the 23 September deadline as a result of the lack of agreement between parties, with a new general election being scheduled for 10 November. The failure in PSOE–Unidas Podemos negotiations prompted former Podemos founder Íñigo Errejón to turn his regional Más Madrid platform—which had obtained a remarkable result in the 26 May Madrilenian regional election—into a national alliance under the newly-created brand of Más País, comprising a number of regional parties and former Podemos and United Left allies, such as Coalició Compromís, Equo or Chunta Aragonesista.

Overview

Electoral system

The Spanish Cortes Generales are envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies has greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a Prime Minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possesses a few exclusive, yet limited in number functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which are not subject to the Congress' override. Voting for the Cortes Generales is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Additionally, Spaniards abroad are required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Template:Lang-es).

For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method may result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude. Seats are allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain. Each constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.

For the Senate, 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities can appoint at least one senator each and are entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.

The electoral law provides that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors are allowed to present lists of candidates. However, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either House of Parliament at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they are seeking election, whereas groupings of electors are required to secure the signature of 1 percent of electors. Electors are barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called. The electoral law provides for a special, simplified process for election re-runs, including a shortening of deadlines, the lifting of signature requirements if these had been already met for the immediately previous election and the possibility of maintaining lists and coalitions without needing to go through pre-election procedures again.

Election date

The term of each House of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expires four years from the date of their previous election, unless they are dissolved earlier. The election Decree shall be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of the Cortes in the event that the Prime Minister does not make use of his prerogative of early dissolution. The Decree shall be published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 28 April 2019, which means that the legislature's term will expire on 28 April 2023. The election Decree shall be published no later than 4 April 2023, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Cortes Generales on Sunday, 28 May 2023.

The Prime Minister has the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence is in process, no state of emergency is in force and that dissolution does not occur before one year has elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both Houses are to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process fails to elect a Prime Minister within a two-month period from the first ballot. Barred this exception, there is no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Congress and the Senate, there being no precedent of separate elections and with governments having long preferred that elections for the two Houses take place simultaneously.

Parties and alliances

Parliamentary status

The Cortes Generales were officially dissolved on 24 September 2019, after the publication of the dissolution Decree in the Official State Gazette. The tables below show the status of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.

Main electoral lists

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances likely to contest the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color"|	PSOE	List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)		Pedro Sánchez (Prime Minister)	Social democracy	28.7%	123 / 350123 / 208
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"|	PP	List People's Party (PP) Forum of Citizens (FAC)		Pablo Casado	Conservatism Christian democracy	16.7%	66 / 35054 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"|	Cs	List Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)		Albert Rivera	Liberalism	15.9%	57 / 3504 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Unidas Podemos/meta/color"|	Unidas Podemos	List We Can (Podemos) United Left (IU) Assembly (Batzarre) Upper Aragon in Common (AltoAragón en Común) In Common We Can−Let's Win Change (ECP) In Common–United We Can (En Común)		Pablo Iglesias	Left-wing populism Democratic socialism	14.3%	42 / 3500 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Vox (political party)/meta/color"|	Vox	List Vox (Vox)		Santiago Abascal	Right-wing populism Ultranationalism Neoliberalism	10.3%	24 / 3500 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists/meta/color"|	ERC– Sobiranistes	List Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Sovereigntists (Sobiranistes) Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV)		Gabriel Rufián	Catalan independence Social democracy Democratic socialism	3.9%	15 / 35011 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color"|	JxCat–Junts	List Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) Together for Catalonia (JxCat)		Laura Borràs	Catalan independence Liberalism	1.9%	7 / 3502 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"|	EAJ/PNV	List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)		Aitor Esteban	Basque nationalism Christian democracy Conservative liberalism	1.5%	6 / 3509 / 208
bgcolor="Template:EH Bildu/meta/color"|	EH Bildu	List Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu)		Oskar Matute	Basque independence Left-wing nationalism	1.0%	4 / 3501 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Agreement of Nationalist Unity/meta/color"|	CCa–NCa– PNC	List Canarian Coalition (CCa) New Canaries (NCa) Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) Independent Herrenian Group (AHI)		Ana Oramas	Regionalism Canarian nationalism Centrism	CCa: 0.5% NCa: 0.1%	2 / 3500 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Navarra Suma/meta/color"|	NA+	List Navarrese People's Union (UPN) People's Party (PP) Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)		Sergio Sayas	Regionalism Conservatism	0.4%	2 / 3503 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Regionalist Party of Cantabria/meta/color"|	PRC	List Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC)		José María Mazón	Regionalism Progressivism Populism	0.2%	1 / 3500 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Gomera Socialist Group/meta/color"|	ASG	List Gomera Socialist Group (ASG)		Yaiza Castilla	Social democracy Insularism	—	Did not contest 1 / 208
bgcolor="Template:Más País/meta/color"|	Más País	List More Country (Más País) Equo (eQuo) Aragonese Union (CHA) More Commitment (Més Compromís)		Íñigo Errejón	Participatory democracy Progressivism Green politics	Did not contest

Timetable

The November 2019 Spanish general election was the first to apply the new electoral procedures introduced for election re-runs as a result of the experience of the 2015–2016 political deadlock leading to the June 2016 election. This consists of a special, simplified process, including a shortening of deadlines, the lifting of signature requirements if these had been already met for the immediately previous election and the possibility of maintaining lists and coalitions without needing to go through the same pre-election procedures again. The key dates are listed below (all times are CET. Note that the Canary Islands use WET (UTC+0) instead):

• 24 September: The election Decree is issued with the countersign of the President of the Congress of Deputies, ratified by the King. Formal dissolution of the Cortes Generales and beginning of a suspension period of events for the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
• 25 September: Initial constitution of Provincial and Zone Electoral Commissions.
• 30 September: Deadline for parties and federations intending to maintain or enter into a coalition to inform the relevant Electoral Commission.
• 7 October: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to maintain or present lists of candidates to the relevant Electoral Commission.
• 9 October: Submitted lists of candidates are provisionally published in the Official State Gazette.
• 13 October: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to rectify irregularities in their lists.
• 14 October: Official proclamation of valid submitted lists of candidates.
• 15 October: Proclaimed lists are published in the Official State Gazette.
• 19 October: Deadline for citizens entered in the Register of Absent Electors Residing Abroad and for citizens temporarily absent from Spain to apply for voting.
• 31 October: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
• 1 November: Official start of electoral campaigning.
• 5 November: Official start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication, dissemination or reproduction and deadline for citizens entered in the Register of Absent Electors Residing Abroad to vote by mail.
• 6 November: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voters to issue their votes.
• 8 November: Last day of official electoral campaigning and deadline for citizens entered in the Register of Absent Electors Residing Abroad to vote in a ballot box in the relevant Consular Office or Division.
• 9 November: Official 24-hour ban on political campaigning prior to the general election (reflection day).
• 10 November: Polling day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote). Provisional counting of votes starts immediately.
• 13 November: General counting of votes, including the counting of votes made overseas.
• 16 November: Deadline for the general counting of votes to be carried out by the relevant Electoral Commission.
• 25 November: Deadline for elected members to be proclaimed by the relevant Electoral Commission.
• 5 December: Deadline for both chambers of the Cortes Generales to be re-assembled (the election Decree determines this date, which for the November 2019 election was set for 3 December).
• 4 January: Final deadline for definitive results to be published in the Official State Gazette.

Campaign period

Party slogans

Pre-campaign

The pre-campaign period saw the rise of a new left-wing electoral platform, Más País, founded by former Podemos co-founder Íñigo Errejón around his Más Madrid platform, following the failure of the left to agree on a government following the April election. Más País was joined by several other parties, such as Coalició Compromís, Chunta Aragonesista and Equo, the latter of which voted for breaking up its coalition with Unidas Podemos in order to join Errejón's platform. The leadership of Podemos in the Region of Murcia also went on to joint Más País. The platform went on to poll at 6 % as soon as it was formed.

On 24 September, the Spanish Supreme Court ruled in favor of the PSOE's plan to remove the remnants of Francisco Franco from the Valle de los Caídos, a key policy of Pedro Sánchez during the previous legislature. The prior of the Valle de los Caídos' abbey, Santiago Cantera, initially announced his intention to disregard the Supreme Court's ruling and not authorize Franco's exhumation; however, the Spanish government closed down the monument to the public on 11 October in order to prepare for the exhumation—finally scheduled for 22 October at latest, so for the removal to be over by 25 October—to uphold the Supreme Court's ruling.

On 13 October, the leaders of the Catalan independence movement involved in the events of October 2017 were sentenced by the Supreme Court for sedition and embezzlement to convictions ranging from 9 to 13 years in jail. The ruling unleashed a wave of violent protests throughout Catalonia, and particularly in Barcelona, throughout the ensuing days.

Leaders' debates

Opinion polls

Results

Congress of Deputies

← Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color"|	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"|	People's Party (PP)
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"|	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Unidas Podemos/meta/color"|	United We Can (Unidas Podemos)
United We Can (Podemos–IU)
In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi)
In Common–United We Can (Podemos–EU)
bgcolor="Template:Vox (political party)/meta/color"|	Vox (Vox)
rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists/meta/color"|	Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes)
Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes)
Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV)
bgcolor="Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color"|	Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)
bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"|	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
bgcolor="Template:EH Bildu/meta/color"|	Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu)
bgcolor="Template:Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals/meta/color"|	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
bgcolor="Template:Agreement of Nationalist Unity/meta/color"|	Canarian Coalition–New Canaries–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–NCa–PNC)
bgcolor="Template:Navarra Suma/meta/color"|	Sum Navarre (NA+)
bgcolor="Template:Galician Nationalist Bloc/meta/color"|	Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
bgcolor="Template:Regionalist Party of Cantabria/meta/color"|	Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC)
bgcolor="Template:Zero Cuts/meta/color"|	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
bgcolor="Template:Veus Progressistes/meta/color"|	More Left (Més–MxMe–esquerra)
bgcolor="Template:Geroa Bai/meta/color"|	Yes to the Future (GBai)
bgcolor="Template:For a Fairer World/meta/color"|	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain/meta/color"|	Communists (PCPE–PCPC–PCPA)
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Workers of Spain/meta/color"|	Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)
bgcolor="Template:Andalusia by Itself/meta/color"|	Andalusia by Itself (AxSí)
bgcolor="Template:Spanish Communist Workers' Party/meta/color"|	Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)
bgcolor="Template:Avant/meta/color"|	Forward–The Greens (Avant/Adelante–LV)
bgcolor="Template:Blank Seats/meta/color"|	Blank Seats (EB)
bgcolor="Template:Coalition for Melilla/meta/color"|	Coalition for Melilla (CpM)
bgcolor="Template:Somos Región/meta/color"|	We Are Region (Somos Región)
bgcolor="Template:Humanist Party (Spain)/meta/color"|	Humanist Party (PH)
bgcolor="Template:We Are Valencian/meta/color"|	We Are Valencian in Movement (UiG–Som–CUIDES)
bgcolor="Template:Left in Positive/meta/color"|	Left in Positive (IZQP)
bgcolor="Template:Ahora Canarias/meta/color"|	Canaries Now (ANC–UP)
bgcolor="Template:Sorian People's Platform/meta/color"|	Sorian People's Platform (PPSO)
bgcolor="Template:Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country/meta/color"|	Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL)
bgcolor="Template:Libertarian Party (Spain)/meta/color"|	Libertarian Party (P–LIB)
bgcolor="Template:Andecha Astur/meta/color"|	Andecha Astur (Andecha Astur)
bgcolor="Template:Puyalón de Cuchas/meta/color"|	Puyalón (PYLN)
bgcolor="Template:Federation of Independents of Aragon/meta/color"|	Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA)
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española de las JONS (1976)/meta/color"|	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
bgcolor="Template:European Solidarity Action Party/meta/color"|	European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria)
bgcolor="Template:Plural Democracy/meta/color"|	Plural Democracy (DPL)
bgcolor="Template:Regionalist Union of Castile and León/meta/color"|	Regionalist Union of Castile and León (Unión Regionalista)
bgcolor="Template:Centrados/meta/color"|	Centered (centrados)
bgcolor="Template:European Retirees Social Democratic Party/meta/color"|	European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE)
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left/meta/color"|	Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR)
bgcolor="Template:Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party/meta/color"|	Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA)
bgcolor="Template:Converxencia XXI/meta/color"|	XXI Convergence (C21)
bgcolor="Template:Union of Everyone/meta/color"|	Union of Everyone (UdT)
rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:Más País/meta/color"|	More Country (Más País)			New
More Country–Equo (Más País–eQuo)			New
More Commitment (Més Compromís)
bgcolor="Template:For Ávila/meta/color"|	For Ávila (XAV)			New
bgcolor="Template:Teruel Existe/meta/color"|	Teruel Exists (¡Teruel Existe!)			New
bgcolor="Template:Leonese People's Union/meta/color"|	Leonese People's Union (UPL)			New
bgcolor="Template:Popular Unity Candidacy/meta/color"|	Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR)			New
bgcolor="Template:United for the Future (Spain)/meta/color"|	United–Acting for Democracy (Unidos SI–ACPS–DEf)			New
bgcolor="Template:Feminist Initiative (Spain)/meta/color"|	Feminist Initiative (IFem)			New
bgcolor="Template:AUna Comunitat Valenciana/meta/color"|	At Once Valencian Community (aUna CV)			New
bgcolor="Template:Andalusian Convergence/meta/color"|	Andalusian Convergence (CAnda)			New
bgcolor="Template:Contigo Somos Democracia/meta/color"|	With You, We Are Democracy (Contigo)			New
bgcolor="Template:Confederation of the Greens/meta/color"|	The Greens (LV)			New
bgcolor="Template:Social Aragonese Movement/meta/color"|	Social Aragonese Movement (MAS)			New
Blank ballots
Total					350	±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters		37,000,608
Sources
Footnotes: Canarian Coalition–New Canaries–Canarian Nationalist Party results are compared to the combined totals of Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party and New Canaries in the April 2019 election. More Left results are compared to Progressive Voices totals in the April 2019 election. More Commitment results are compared to Commitment: Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo totals in the April 2019 election.

Senate

← Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results

Parties and coalitions		Directly elected		Reg. app.	Total
		Seats	+/−
width="1" rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color"|	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)			18
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)			17
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)			1
rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"|	People's Party (PP)			14
People's Party (PP)			14
Forum of Citizens (FAC)			0
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"|	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)			8
rowspan="7" bgcolor="Template:Adelante Andalucía/meta/color"|	Confederal Left (Izquierda Confederal)			6
Forward Andalusia (AA)			1
Commitment Coalition (Compromís)			1
Common Group of the Left (Grupo Común da Esquerda)			1
More for Mallorca (Més)			1
Catalonia in Common (CatComú)			1
More Madrid (Más Madrid)			1
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists/meta/color"|	Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes)			2
bgcolor="Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color"|	Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)			2
bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"|	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)			1
rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:EH Bildu/meta/color"|	Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu)			1
Create (Sortu)			1
Basque Solidarity (EA)			0
bgcolor="Template:Vox (political party)/meta/color"|	Vox (Vox)			1
rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:Agreement of Nationalist Unity/meta/color"|	Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC)			1
Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC)			1
Independent Herrenian Group (AHI)			0
bgcolor="Template:Regionalist Party of Cantabria/meta/color"|	Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC)			1
bgcolor="Template:Aragonese Party/meta/color"|	Aragonese Party (PAR)			1
bgcolor="Template:Geroa Bai/meta/color"|	Yes to the Future (GBai)			1
rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Navarra Suma/meta/color"|	Sum Navarre (NA+)			0
Navarrese People's Union (UPN)			0
People's Party (PP)			0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)			0
bgcolor="Template:Gomera Socialist Group/meta/color"|	Gomera Socialist Group (ASG)			0
Total		208	±0	57	265
Sources
Footnotes: One PSOE appointed seat from Asturias still remained vacant at the time of the election. The PSC appointed seat still remained vacant at the time of the election.

Notes

1. 111 PSOE, 12 PSC.
2. 32 Podemos, 5 IU, 4 CatComú, 1 eQuo.
3. 13 ERC, 1 Sobiranistes.
4. 7 JxCat, 4 EH Bildu, 2 CCa, 2 UPN, 1 ERC, 1 Compromís, 1 PRC.
5. 136 PSOE, 3 PSC.
6. 12 ERC, 2 EH Bildu.
7. 4 JxCat, 1 CCa, 1 PNV.
8. 1 Adelante Andalucía, 1 Compromís, 1 En Marea, 1 Més, 1 CatComú, 1 Más Madrid.
9. 1 Vox, 1 UPN, 1 PRC, 1 PAR, 1 ASG, 1 ERC.
10. Pending regional appointments as a result of the 2019 Spanish regional elections.
11. The party only contested the Senate election.
12. "Women's debate".

References

1. "Elecciones a Cortes Generales de 10 de noviembre de 2019" (PDF). www.ine.es (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
2. ^ Spanish Constitution of 1978. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
3. "La falta de acuerdo entre los partidos obliga a otras elecciones". El País (in Spanish). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
4. "El Rey constata la falta de apoyos a Sánchez que aboca a elecciones el 10 de noviembre". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
5. "El rey constata el desacuerdo político, no propone candidato y España se aboca a elecciones". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
6. "Country to hold 10 November election after talks to break deadlock fail". The Guardian. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
7. "Errejón formaliza su candidatura al 10-N aclamado por la militancia de Más País". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
8. "El plan de Errejón para que Más País consiga grupo propio en el Congreso". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 26 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
9. ^ "Los dos diputados autonómicos de Podemos en Murcia se pasan al partido de Errejón". El País (in Spanish). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
10. ^ "Primera ruptura en Unidas Podemos: Equo decide aliarse con Más País de Íñigo Errejón". El Mundo (in Spanish). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
11. "Constitución española, Sinopsis artículo 66". congreso.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2015.
12. Carreras et al. 1989, pp. 1077. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarrerasTafunellSolerFontana1989 (help)
13. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
14. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
15. ^ General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985. Official State Gazette (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
16. ^ "Constitution" (PDF). congreso.es. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
17. ^ "Representation of the people Institutional Act". juntaelectoralcentral.es. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
18. ^ "Real Decreto 551/2019, de 24 de septiembre, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (230): 105300–105302. 24 September 2019. ISSN 0212-033X.
19. ^ "General election 28 April 2019". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
20. "PP y Foro Asturias concurrirán en coalición a las generales del 10N". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
21. "Ciudadanos y UPyD irán juntos a las elecciones generales". El País (in Spanish). 7 October 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
22. "IU ratifica que irá bajo la fórmula de Unidas Podemos al 10N porque defiende "la misma propuesta" que en el 28A". Europa Press (in Spanish). 26 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
23. ^ "Junqueras y los otros condenados salen de las listas electorales para el 10-N". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
24. "NC opta por ir con CC el 10N". Diario de Avisos (in Spanish). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
25. "UPN volverá a concurrir con Navarra Suma a las elecciones del 10-N y cierra también sus candidatos en las listas". Navarra.com (in Spanish). 23 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
26. "Errejón ya tiene marca para presentarse a las elecciones: concurrirá el 10 de noviembre con Más País". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
27. "Compromís elige a Errejón para el 10-N: "La plataforma única no es posible"". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
28. "CHA negocia una alianza con el partido de Errejón para las elecciones del 10N". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
29. "Primera ruptura en Unidas Podemos: Equo decide aliarse con Más País de Íñigo Errejón". El Mundo (in Spanish). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
30. "Elecciones Generales 10 de noviembre de 2019. Calendario Electoral" (PDF). juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
31. "'Ahora Gobierno, ahora España', lema del PSOE para las elecciones del 10-N". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
32. "«Por todo lo que nos une», lema del PP frente al intento de Sánchez de polarizar España". ABC (in Spanish). 7 October 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
33. "Rivera levanta el veto al PSOE y se abre a pactar con Sánchez". El País (in Spanish). 5 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
34. "Podemos rescata el lema de Izquierda Unida de 2014 para las elecciones europeas: 'El poder de la gente'". Público (in Spanish). 5 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
35. "Vox rivaliza con el PSOE y responde a su lema de campaña con el eslogan "España siempre"". El Mundo (in Spanish). 1 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
36. "Spanish elections: popular leftwing politician forms new party". The Guardian. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
37. "Un 70% de la militancia de Compromís apoya ir con la formación de Errejón el 10-N". El País (in Spanish). 25 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
38. "La Chunta Aragonesista irá con Errejón el 10-N en Zaragoza y no se presentará en Teruel". El Mundo (in Spanish). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
39. New Spanish poll points to election stalemate
40. "Franco's body can be exhumed, rules Spanish court". CNN News. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
41. "El prior del Valle de los Caídos desacata la sentencia del Supremo y no autoriza la exhumación de Franco". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 9 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
42. "El Gobierno cierra el Valle de los Caídos hasta la exhumación de Franco". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
43. "El Gobierno desactiva al prior y estira la exhumación de Franco como arma del 10-N". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
44. "Sentencia del 'procés': penas de 9 a 13 años para Junqueras y los otros líderes por sedición y malversación⟨⟩". El País (in Spanish). 14 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
45. "Las protestas bloquean el aeropuerto de El Prat". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 15 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
46. "Catalan protests: Fresh clashes after Spain jails separatist leaders". BBC News. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
47. "Grupos violentos trasladan su pulso a la sede de Interior en Barcelona". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
48. "RTVE celebra un debate a siete con los portavoces parlamentarios el 1 de noviembre". RTVE (in Spanish). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
49. "La campaña contará con al menos cuatro debates electorales en televisión". Europa Press (in Spanish). 8 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
50. "El PSOE logra imponer la fecha del debate: será el 4-N y organizado por la Academia". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
51. "7N, el debate en laSexta: la última oportunidad antes de las elecciones generales". laSexta (in Spanish). 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.

v t e Elections and referendums in Spain
General elections	1810 1813 1820 1822 1834 1836 (Feb) 1836 (Jul) 1836 (Oct) 1837 1839 1840 1841 1843 (Feb) 1843 (Sep) 1844 1846 1850 1851 1853 1854 1857 1858 1863 1864 1865 1867 1869 1871 1872 (Apr) 1872 (Aug) 1873 1876 1879 1881 1884 1886 1891 1893 1896 1898 1899 1901 1903 1905 1907 1910 1914 1916 1918 1919 1920 1923 1931 1933 1936 1967 1971 1977 1979 1982 1986 1989 1993 1996 2000 2004 2008 2011 2015 2016 2019 (Apr) 2019 (Nov) 2023 Next
Presidential elections	1936
European elections	1987 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024
Local elections	1922 1931 1933 1934 1948 1951 1954 1957 1960 1963 1966 1970 1973 1976 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 2027
Regional elections	1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Referendums	1947 1966 1976 1978 1986 2005
See also: Elections and referendums in Andalusia Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Basque Country Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castilla–La Mancha Catalonia Extremadura Galicia La Rioja Madrid Murcia Navarre Valencian Community

• Future elections in Spain
• General elections in Spain
• November 2019 events in Spain