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A '''period 9 element''' is any one of 8 hypothetical ]s (unhexpentium through unseptbium) belonging to a ninth ] of the ]. They may be referred to using ] ]s. None of these elements have been ],<ref group="note">The heaviest element that has been synthesized to date is ] with atomic number 118, which is the last ].</ref> and it is possible that none have isotopes with stable enough nuclei to receive significant attention in the near future. It is also probable that, due to ], only the lower period 8 elements are physically possible and the periodic table may end soon after the ] at ] with atomic number 126.<ref name="emsley">{{cite book|last=Emsley|first=John|title=Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements|edition=New|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-19-960563-7}}</ref>{{Rp|593|date=November 2012}} The names given to these unattested elements are all ]. In contrast to periods ] through ], the ninth period of the periodic table is expected to lack any ]s, and is expected to be analogous to the ] and ] periods.


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==History==
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There are currently seven ]s in the ] of ], culminating with ] 118. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to contain elements with filled g-]s in their ground state. An eight-period table containing these elements was suggested by ] in 1969.<ref name="LBNL">{{ cite web |url=http://www.lbl.gov/LBL-PID/Nobelists/Seaborg/65th-anniv/29.html |title= An Early History of LBNL |first=Glenn |last=Seaborg |date=August 26, 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.2307/3963006 | last1 = Frazier | first1 = K. | title = Superheavy Elements | journal = Science News | volume = 113 | issue = 15 | pages = 236–238 | year = 1978 | jstor = 3963006}}</ref> No elements in this region have been synthesized or discovered in nature. While Seaborg's version of the extended period had the heavier elements following the pattern set by lighter elements, as it did not take into account ], models that take relativistic effects into account do not. ] and B. Fricke used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to '']'' = 172 (comprising periods 8 and 9), and found that several were displaced from the Madelung rule.<ref name="rsc.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2010/11/Extended_elements.asp |title=Extended elements: new periodic table |year=2010}}</ref><ref name="Fricke">{{cite journal |last1=Fricke |first1=B. |last2=Greiner |first2=W. |last3=Waber |first3=J. T. |year=1971 |title=The continuation of the periodic table up to Z = 172. The chemistry of superheavy elements |journal=Theoretica chimica acta |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=235–260 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |doi=10.1007/BF01172015 |url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01172015?LI=true# |accessdate=28 November 2012}}</ref> Fricke predicted the structure of the extended periodic table up to ''Z'' = 172 to be:
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⚫ {{Compact extended periodic table}}
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==Predicted properties==
]
===Chemical and physical properties===

===Nuclear properties===
{{empty section|date=December 2012}}
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==See also==
* ]
* ]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

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{{Compact extended periodic table}}

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