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| ===Christianity=== | ===Christianity=== | ||
| Older traditions of ] has not consistently rejected the cast system or repudiated the Brahmin caste. For instance, in Kerala, some forms of Christianity has assimilated certain traditions of the caste system. In addition, the ] places upper-caste priests and nuns in a position above ] Christians. ] in ] |
Older traditions of ] has not consistently rejected the cast system or repudiated the Brahmin caste. For instance, in Kerala, some forms of Christianity has assimilated certain traditions of the caste system. In addition, the ] places upper-caste priests and nuns in a position above ] Christians. ] in ] invoked the caste system as an argument against Hindism. A ] missionary ] (1577-1656), started claiming to be Brahmin, when he realized that his claim of being a ] has not been very effective.{{fact}} Christian missionary activity was most successful at the fringes of the Hindu religion, which is the the ]s and the tribals. As with the ], the ] excercises sharp criticism against what they represent as Hindu and especially Brahmin opressors, which in turn is considered "Anti-Brahminism" by those who consider themselves target of the sharp Christian Dalit criticism. | ||
| ==Examples of Anti-Brahmanism== | ==Examples of Anti-Brahmanism== | ||
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Anti-Brahmanism, also known as Anti-Brahminism, refers to the hostility and prejudice towards members of the Hindu Brahmin caste. It ranges from individual hate-attacks to institutionalized attempts to vilify Brahmins. Anti-Brahmanism is alleged against sections of the Indian media and polity who are said to propagate a hostile view of Brahmins. Anti-Bramanism is alleged of the criticisms of Brahmins. The label "anti-brahmanism" is occasionally applied to such criticism against the caste system reflected in the laws and policies of India and its states, and against the presentation of the subject in the media and the curricula of schools. Also "anti-brahmanism" is alleged to receive support by organizations which are opposed to Hinduism or India. While doing away with Brahmins as a necessary cornerstone of the Hindu religion is not anti-brahmanism, the expressed hatred for Brahmins collectively is.
History
The hot-spot Anti-Brahmanism is Tamil-Nadu where it is alledged that certain "Dravidian political parties" are engaging in Anti-Brahmanism. As in other indian states, such as Bengal the criticism of Brahmins and its reaction has emerged in the late 19th century, such as in the Bengali Renaissance, which is to an extent linked with the confrontation of western ethics brought by the British colonial powers and the attempt at formulating a genuine Indian response. This gives rise to a point of view in which "Anti-Brahminism" is seen as a repudiation of Hindu traditions and heritage (Tamil, Bengali or otherwise) under the influence of the Western culture.
Buddhism
Criticism and reforms of the cast system have had a long history in India irrespective of the later colonial influence by the west. For example, Buddhism and Jainism, and these older debates are re-opened in the wake of the modern confrontation. For instance some members of the Dalit Buddhist movement (triggered by Ambedkar) raise sharp criticism against Brahmins as a group, and which can be seen as a hostile propaganda.
Christianity
Older traditions of Indian Christianity has not consistently rejected the cast system or repudiated the Brahmin caste. For instance, in Kerala, some forms of Christianity has assimilated certain traditions of the caste system. In addition, the Caste system among Indian Christians places upper-caste priests and nuns in a position above Dalit Christians. Christian missionaries in India invoked the caste system as an argument against Hindism. A Jesuit missionary Roberto de Nobili (1577-1656), started claiming to be Brahmin, when he realized that his claim of being a Kshatriya has not been very effective. Christian missionary activity was most successful at the fringes of the Hindu religion, which is the the dalits and the tribals. As with the Dalit Buddhist movement, the Dalit Christian movement excercises sharp criticism against what they represent as Hindu and especially Brahmin opressors, which in turn is considered "Anti-Brahminism" by those who consider themselves target of the sharp Christian Dalit criticism.
Examples of Anti-Brahmanism
In Indian states
In Maharashtra
The Sambhaji Brigade attacked Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute of Maharashtra in January 2004, claiming that the Institute had defamed Shivaji. Later the Sambhaji Brigade issued statements reflecting anti-Brahmin sentiments.. It is important to note that the Sambhaji Brigade is a Maratha-based organization, and Maratha itself is an upper caste, the Kshatriya. However, the organization also consists of numerous Marathi Muslims and Maharashtrian Dalits especially from Vidarbha and Marathwada. It must be noted that the Sambhaji Brigade is not a upper caste-hating reactionary lower caste group, but an all-caste group created out of the historical animosity between the ruling class of Marathas and the caste Brahmins. Anti-Hindu elements among Dalit Christians and Christian Missionary groups are also numerous in Maharashtra.
Ambedkar and Brahmins
Today's chauvinistic Indian Buddhists writing literature against the Brahmin caste are different from Dr. Ambedkar because Dr. Ambedkar worked with several Brahmins including Veer Savarkar. "When Bhimrao was a student at the High School, a Brahmin teacher admired Bhimrao's lively mind. His family name was Ambedkar. The teacher liked Bhimrao so much that he changed his name from Ambavadekar to Ambedkar." "Once, when Dr. Ambedkar resigned as Principal, a boy came to him crying. He was a Brahmin boy. He was very poor. He had a scholarship for two years. He was doubtful whether he would get it during the last year of his stay. Ambedkar was grieved at his sad story. He comforted him. He made him sit with him for food. Then he gave him fifty rupees. He patted him on his back and said, 'if you are in trouble again, come and tell me.'" Addressing a conference of 20,000 workers he said that according to him there were two enemies of the working classes in the country, and they were Brahmanism & Capitalism. "By the former he stated, I do not mean the power, privileges, & interests of the Brahmins as a community. By Brahmanism I mean the negation of the spirit of liberty, equality & fraternity." Dr. Ambedkar himself married a Brahmin, Dr. Sharada Kabir, a Brahmin who later became Dr. Savita Ambedkar. However, it is alleged that today's Buddhists continue to misuse the image of Dr. Ambedkar as an anti-Brahmin who would always fight the Brahmins.
In Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is home to one of the oldest and most vicious anti-Brahmin movements in India. Tamil Brahmins (Iyers and Iyengars) are frequently held responsible by some sections of the Tamil politicians and media for direct or indirect oppression of lower-caste people. This is not true since all the caste clashes reported in Tamilnadu are between different non-brahmin castes. Historically, "untouchable" castes were not allowed into temples and schools in Tamil Nadu. More importantly, between 1890 and 1930 in British India, the Tamil Brahmins had a sizable presense in the Indian Civil Service sector. As a result, the top layer of the non-Brahmin castes under the leadership of E.V. Ramasami Naicker launched an anti-Brahmin, anti-Hindu movement called Self-respect movement, protesting the oppression. It must also be said that this movement did not include the "untouchable" castes like the Dalits.. E. V. Ramasami Naicker's party, called the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK), was involved in violent rhetoric and occasional acts of violence against Brahmins.. Unlike in other states of India, in Tamil Nadu, the anti-Brahmin movement has positioned Brahmins as the fundamental enemies of Tamils and Tamil language.. This view is reflected in many statements and actions of both Tamil intellectuals and the members of the political establishment. Since Tamil Nadu's major political parties, the DMK and the AIADMK, are descendents of the DK, there are strong anti-brahmin elements here too, particularly, in the DMK, headed by M. Karunanidhi. Both Karunanidhi, the current Chief Minister, and his no. 2, Anbazhagan, periodically make comments inciting violence against, and humiliating Brahmins.
Today, the DMK, the DK (headed by K. Veeramani), Periyar DK, Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), and Dalit Panthers of India headed by Thirumavalavan, Tamil Desiya Iyakkam headed by P. Nedumaran, all exhibit strong antipathy to Brahmins. Most Tamil separatists outfits in Tamil Nadu are staunchly anti-brahmin as well, with the result that Tamil extremism is synonymous with anti-Brahminism. These extremist outfits leave no one in doubt that if and when they achieve their dream of a separate Tamil nation, their first task will be a "Final Solution" to the Brahmin problem.
As a result of all this, significant portions of Tamil Brahmins have migrated to other Indian states or overseas, and hold a considerable and distinguished presence in the Indian diaspora worldwide..
In Punjab
The Tat Khalsa movement sponsored by the British government to create a pool from which loyal soldiers can be recruited. Punjab is home to Khalistani separationists who are generally strongly anti-Brahmin. The movement's main source of support has always been from overseas groups.
In Northeast India
Successful proselytization by overseas anti-Hindu organizations have created regions in eastern India where anti-Brahmanism flourishes.
In the media
In movies
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It has been observed that Tamil media is rampant with anti-Brahminism.
It is rare to see a positive or normal Brahmin character in Tamil movies.. Some examples of anti-Brahmin Tamil movies include:
- Thiruvilaiyadal -- The Brahmin character "Dharumi" acted by Nagesh is shown to be cowardly, cunning, and a petty cheat who is after money.
- Karnan -- Several dialogues in this movie indirectly attack Brahmins
- Arangetram -- Though directed by a brahmin (K. Balachander), this movie depicts a Brahmin girl going into prostitution. This was greatly relished by the Tamil audience
- Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal -- Jayakanthan's novel, made into a movie, has a number of Brahmin male characters who are shown in extremely negative light.
- Sirai -- In this movie, a Christian goonda rapes a Brahmin priest's wife, but the priest is shown as a cowardly worm-like character, and the priest's wife prefers the Christian goonda, who is shown to be more or less heroic. All Brahmin male characters in this movie are shown in extremely negative light.
- Sigappu Rojakkal -- In this movie, by Bharathiraaja, the hero is shown to have become bad because a Brahmin girl cheated him when he was young.
- Thevar Magan -- In this movie, which primarily deals with two Thevar factions clashing with each other, a shadowy Brahmin character is shown to be instigating the violence and enjoying it.
- Ithu Namma Aalu -- In this most vicious of anti-brahmin movies by Pakkiaraj (Bhagyaraj), a non-Brahmin male tries to pose as a Brahmin in order to win the approval to marry a Brahmin girl. Brahmin customs are portrayed in a humiliating manner, and Brahmin family practices are made into a laughing stock. This movie was greatly enjoyed by the Tamil public.
- Vedam Puthithu -- In this movie, by Bharathiraaja, a non-brahmin boy falls for a Brahmin girl, and once again Brahmins are shown as narrow-minded bigots, while the non-Brahmin is shown as a broad-minded fellow.
- Amritham -- This movie, taken by Vedam Puthithu Kannan, gives advice to Brahmins on why they should become more modern. Of course the non-Brahmin hero is the personification of modernity.
- Agraharathil Kazhuthai -- This movie, by John Abraham, shows how a Brahmin village treats a stray donkey. Doing so, the director "exposes" Brahmin "hypocrisy". Of course this movie was used by the anti-Brahmin establishment for their propaganda purposes.
- Savithri -- This movie was surprisingly banned by the then Government for anti-Brahmin content, perhaps one of the few cases of such a thing happening.
- Sethu -- In this movie, a Brahmin agraharam is decaying, even brothels are established there, and the only one who can save it is a non-Brahmin Tamil. None of the Brahmin characters is shown to be capable of any kind of action.
These are only a few examples. there are many many others - Brahmin women in madisars (traditional brahmin dress) doing raunchy dances, Brahmin men portrayed as cunning and cowardly, poonools being used for disgusting purposes, Brahmin speech patterns being converted to jokes.
In literature
Documents created by an anti-Hindu hate group Dalistan, have created an extensive set of web-documents posted on their web-sites, promoting anti-Brahmin, anti-Hindu and separationist ideas. They have been widely promoted and quoted by anti-Hindu interests. Some of them are:
- BRAHMIN GOLD The Plunder of Paradise
- The Final Brahmin Annihilation of Dalitstan
- Brahminist Occupied Governments
- Narasimha Rao the Brahmin & His Final Solution to the "Sikh Problem"
Documents created/hosted by Khalistan supporters:
- SIKHS WANT OUT OF THE BRAHMIN SHANGRILA - THEY WANT KHALISTAN
- An evil brahmin empire which must be destroyed
- Original Buddhism And Brahminic Interference
Documents created by missionary organizations in India:
- a fake document inspired by The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and widely disseminated by the missionaries, specially among the dalits and tribals.
In magazines
Some magazines promote anti-Brahmin sentiments.
Tamil magazines with prominent anti-Brahmin agendas.:
Viduthalai (K. Veeramani, editor, DK daily)
Unmai (K. Veeramani, editor)
Nackeeran
Kumudam Reporter .(occasional anti-brahmin slant, mostly indirect)
Dinakaran (owned by Sun TV group)
Kunkumam (owned by Sun TV group)
Murasoli (DMK organ)
Kumudam .(occasional anti-brahmin slant, mostly indirect)
Maalai Murasu .
Daily Thanthi.
English magazines with anti-Brahmin agendas.:
Outlook (regularly publishes biased articles against Tamil Brahmins)
Frontline (though owned by N. Ram of The Hindu, due to its leftist slant, is often anti-Brahmin)
See also
- Persecution of Hindus
- Anti-Semitism
- History of anti-Semitism
- Indian caste system
- Hate groups
- Dalit Voice
- Kashmiri Pandit Mass exodus of Pandits from the Valley
- K. Veeramani
- Dravidar Kazhagam
- Periyar Ramasami
- Dravidian Movement
Notes
- Anand Soondas (January 19, 2004). "Bonfire of cupboard of history - Pune institute continues to count the losses from attack by Sambhaji Brigade". Retrieved 2006-08-07.
- Life & Mission Dr B R Ambedkar by Dhananjay Keer
- Are Brahmins the Dalits of today?
- 'We Are Like The Jews: Politics apart, Brahmin-bashing is rampant in literary and cultural worlds too'
References
- Politics and Social Conflict in South India, the Non-Brahman Movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916-1929. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. By Prof. Eugene Irschik
- Editorial by Francois Gautier on anti-Brahmanism
- Article by Pdt Vamadeva Shastri (formerly David Frawley) on anti-Brahmanism
- Article from well-known anti-semitic website preaching hate against Jews and comparing Hindu Brahmins to anti-semitic stereotype(s) of Jews