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This is a glossary for terms and concepts being used in '']'' a large category of practices that fall outside the scope of conventional medicine.

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==A==
* ''']''' is the practice of inserting very thin needles in specific acupuncture points or combinations of points on the body, an important aspect of ].<ref>{{cite web |url =http://nccam.nih.gov/health/acupuncture |title=Acupuncture |website =U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) |accessdate =6 February 2014}}</ref>
* '''Alternative Medical Systems''' is the name of a ] classification for those forms of alternative medicine that are built upon a "complete system of ideas and practice" such as ] or ].<ref name="NCCAM" />
* ''']''' is a form of posture and movement re-education. The primary aim is to teach people to move with more self-awareness, less tension, more ease, more control, rather than being bound by sheer mechanical habit. The process also aims to correct breathing habits. Although it is not a treatment for specific conditions, many different kinds of disorders may resolve in the re-educational process.<ref>Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine & Self-Help. Malcom Hulke, Rider & Co</ref>
* ''']''' was invented in the early twentieth century by ] and ]. Practitioners supplement ] ideas with conventional therapies and ] remedies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.steinerhealth.org/about/anthroposophical-medicine/ |title =Anthroposopical Medicine |website =Rudolph Steiner Health Center |accessdate =6 February 2014}}</ref>
* ''']''' is the process of developing treatments according to anthroposophic theories. Anthroposophic medicinal products are primarily used within anthroposophic medicine.
* ''']''' is the use of ]s and other aromatic compounds, primarily to affect mood.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nccam.nih.gov/health/aromatherapy |title =Aromatherapy |website =U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) |accessdate =6 February 2014}}</ref>
* ''']''' is a controversial form of therapy aimed at children with alleged 'attachment disorders', usually fostered or adopted children. It is substantially based on the belief in suppressed rage due to early adverse experiences. It uses a variety of confrontational and physically coercive techniques of which the most common form is holding therapy, accompanied by parenting methods which emphasize obedience. Following implication in a number of child death and maltreatment cases in the USA, there has been a move away from coercion by some leading theorists and practitioners.<ref name="Chaffin">{{cite journal |author=Chaffin M |title=Report of the APSAC task force on attachment therapy, reactive attachment disorder, and attachment problems |journal=Child Maltreat |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=76–89 |year=2006 |pmid=16382093 |doi=10.1177/1077559505283699 |author-separator=, |author2=Hanson R |author3=Saunders BE |display-authors=3 |last4=Nichols |first4=T |last5=Barnett |first5=D |last6=Zeanah |first6=C |last7=Berliner |first7=L |last8=Egeland |first8=B |last9=Newman |first9=E}}</ref>
* ''']''' is a system of holistic healing that originated 5000 years in India. It means "science of life" or "knowledge of living". Therapies include herbal and mineral remedies, massage, yoga and breathing exercises. It is widely practiced in India and is becoming more popular in the West.<ref>{{cite journal |url= http://nccam.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2006_winter/ayurveda.htm |title=A Closer Look at Ayurvedic Medicine |journal=Focus on Complementary and Alternative Medicine |volume=12 |issue=4 |date=Fall 2005 – Winter 2006 |publisher=] (NCCAM), ] (NIH) |location=Bethesda, Maryland |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061209114559/http://nccam.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2006_winter/ayurveda.htm |archivedate= 2006-12-09 }}</ref>

==B==
* ''']''' is related to the visual acuity. It is based on the belief that errors in visual accommodation are due to mental strain, and that vision may be improved by appropriate relaxation techniques.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.seeing.org/ |website = Seeing The Bates Method |title =Bates Method |accessdate = 6 February 2014}}</ref>
* '''Biologically based therapies''' is an NCCAM classification for alternative treatments that use substances found in nature and/or some other natural therapy such as ] or ].<ref name="NCCAM" />
* ''']''' is a technique to learn to become aware of a normally automatic bodily function, such as heart rate, and how to control it. Biofeedback has been found to be effective for the treatment of ]s and ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nestoriuc Y, Martin A |title=Efficacy of biofeedback for migraine: a meta-analysis |journal=Pain |volume=128 |issue=1–2 |pages=111–27 |date=March 2007 |pmid=17084028 |doi=10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.007 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Nestoriuc Y, Martin A, Rief W, Andrasik F |title=Biofeedback treatment for headache disorders: a comprehensive efficacy review |journal=Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=125–40 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18726688 |doi=10.1007/s10484-008-9060-3 |url=}}</ref>
* The ''']''' of health is a conceptual model of illness that excludes psychological and social factors and includes only biological factors in an attempt to understand a person's illness. According to this model, health constitutes the freedom from disease, pain, or defect, thus making the normal human condition health. The model's focus on the physical processes, such as the ], the ] and the ] of a disease, does not take into account the role of social factors or individual subjectivity. The model also overlooks the fact that the diagnosis (that will affect treatment of the patient) is a result of negotiation between doctor and patient.<ref>Annandale, ''The Sociology of Health and Medicine: A Critical Introduction'', Polity Press, 1998</ref>
* ''']''' is any therapeutic, healing, or personal development work that involves some form of touching, energetic work, or the physical manipulation of a practically oriented physical and somatic understanding of the body.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Bodywork-therapies.html |title = Bodywork Therapies |website =Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders |accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref>

==C==
* '''CAM''' is an ] for ], a large range of treatments and theories on the nature of health and illness, many of them unrelated, which have in common that they are not commonly employed by the conventional medical establishment.
* ''']''' is the use of chelating agents such as EDTA to remove heavy metals from the body. While in conventional medicine, chelation therapy is used only to treat heavy metal poisoning, some alternative practitioners advocate the use of chelation therapy to treat coronary artery disease.
* '''Chinese medicine''' – the group of philosophies embodied by ] are, more accurately, referred to as ] Medicine with roots in many different ]n countries. This millennia-old Asian medical tradition works to bring balance to the body through ], ], Eastern ], diet; and lifestyle changes such as ] and ].
* ''']''' is a manual therapy involving the manipulation of the ] to restore proper, motion, biomechanics, and nerve flow from the brain to the body.
* ''']''' is an ] practice asserting that light can be used to stimulate ] for the purpose of balancing energy in the body and promoting healing and better health. It is also called color light acupuncture in North America. It is a form of ].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cocilovo|first=A|year=1999|title=Colored light therapy: overview of its history, theory, recent developments and clinical applications combined with acupuncture|journal=Am J Acupunct|volume=27|issue=1–2|pages=71–83|pmid=10513100}}</ref>
* ''']''' refers to treatments that are used ''alongside'' ("complementary to") ].
* ''']''' uses the different colours and their energy frequencies to correct psychological or physical imbalances. Also known as ''Chromotherapy''.
* ''']''' (or CST) is a treatment founded by John Upledger in the 1970s. A CST practitioner claims to correct positioning and motion of the cranial bones. This is in contrast to the now-debated traditional medical belief that, by adulthood, the cranial bone sutures are fused and don't have movement.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ijosm.2012.05.001 |title=An investigation of cranial motion through a review of biomechanically based skull deformation literature |year=2012 |last1=Seimetz |first1=Christina N. |last2=Kemper |first2=Andrew R. |last3=Duma |first3=Stefan M. |journal=International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=152–65}}</ref> CST has been criticized as pseudoscience. CST has not been shown to be effective in treating any disease <ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01174.x |title=Craniosacral therapy: A systematic review of the clinical evidence |year=2012 |last1=Ernst |first1=Edzard |journal=Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=197–201}}</ref> and there are a lack of studies that examine anecdotal reports of reduced headaches, tension, and stress. <ref>{{cite web
|title=Craniosacral therapy
|publisher=]
|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/craniosacral-therapy
|date=December 2012
|accessdate=August 2013}}</ref>

==D==
* '''Diet-based therapies''' use a variety of ] in order to improve health and longevity, to control weight, as well as to treat specific health conditions like high ].<!-- Hide these for now: {{Div col|3}}
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* The ''']''' was developed around 1500 and claims that a plant's physical appearance reveals its medical value. The Doctrine of Signatures is often associated with ] ].

==E==
* ''']''' was a nineteenth-century system of medicine used in North America that treated diseases by the application of single herbal remedies to effect specific cures of certain signs and symptoms.
* ''']''' is the name of a ]<ref name="NCCAM" /> classification, for alternative treatments that involve the use of veritable (i.e., that which can be measured) and putative (i.e., that which have yet to be measured) energy fields.<ref></ref><!-- Hide this for now: It can include:
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* Eden Energy Medicine – approach developed by Donna Eden<ref>Feinstein, PhD, Eden: Six Pillars of Energy Medicine: Clinical Strengths of a Complementary Paradigm , accessed 1/27/08; also </ref>
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* Exercise-based therapy uses a variety of traditional forms of physical movement, in order to improve health and longevity, to increase, lengthen & tone muscle mass, gain flexibility, as well as to treat specific health conditions and to relieve stress. It can include:
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==F==
* ''']''' is an movement educational system, aiming to improve physical function, and to promote general wellbeing by increasing students' awareness of themselves and by expanding students' movement repertoire.<ref name= "Levine">{{cite book |last= Levine |first= Andrew |year= 1998 |title= The Bodywork and Massage Sourcebook |publisher= ] |pages= 249–60 |isbn= 9780737300987}}</ref>
* ''']''' is regarded by some as a sub-category of ] which uses homeopathic dilutions of flowers. This practice was begun by ] with the ] but is now practiced much more widely.
* ''']''' is the collection of procedures traditionally used for treatment of illness and injury, aid to childbirth, and maintenance of wellness.

==G==
* ''']''', named for ], recommended hard mattresses, open bedroom windows, chastity, cold showers, loose clothing, vegetarianism, pure water and vigorous exercise. Best known for inventing the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=A History of Sylvester Graham|url=http://www.suffield-library.org/localhistory/graham.htm|accessdate=2014-08-30}}</ref>

==H==
* ''']''' is the practice of making or prescribing herbal remedies for ]s.
* ''']''' is any medicine or method of treatment that is aggressive or daring in a dangerously ill patient. It generally includes the pre-scientific treatments of 18th-century doctors, such as ].
* ''']''' is the study and advocacy of wholeness in ], ], ], or any other area of life.
* ''']''' is the external use of hot and cold water in the medical treatment of disease, such as through the use of baths, compresses or sheet packs, and shower sprays. These applications use water as a medium for delivery of heat and cold to the body, capitalising on the thermoregulatory properties such as ] and ] to irrigate tissue, purge waste products, and speed healing.<ref name=textbookofmedicalphysiology11thed>{{cite book |title=Textbook of Medical Physiology |last1=Guyton |first1=Arthur C.|authorlink=Arthur Guyton |year=2006 |edition=11th|author2=Hall, John E.|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0-7216-0240-1}}</ref><ref name="KozierErb&Olivieri">{{Cite journal |last1=Kozier |first1=Barbara |last2=Erb |first2=Glenora |last3=Olivieri | first3=Rita| year=1991 |title=Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice |edition=4th |publication-place=Redwood City, California |publisher=Addison-Wesley |pages=1335–1336 |postscript= <!--None--> |isbn= 0-201-09202-6}}</ref><ref name="Thrash&Thrash">{{Cite book| last1= Thrash| first1=Agatha|author2=Calvin Thrash |title = Home Remedies: Hydrotherapy, Massage, Charcoal and Other Simple Treatments| publisher= Thrash Publications| year= 1981| location= Seale, Alabama|isbn=0-942658-02-7}}</ref>
* ''']''' is a technique that taps into a person's subconscious by inducing a light trance state. The practitioner will guide the person using visualisation, breathing and relaxation to help them overcome habits such as smoking or deal with fears, obsessions and emotional disorders.

==I==
* ''']''' as defined by ] combines conventional medical treatments and ] treatments for which there is some scientific evidence of their safety and effectiveness.<ref name="NCCAM">U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. </ref> Integrative medicine also adopts the term "integrative health" which incorporates mental, spiritual and community wellness with personal health.<ref>California Institute of Integral Studies. (2009). ''Integrative Health Studies Program Guide: Glossary of Terms''. San Francisco: California Institute of Integral Studies.</ref>
* ''']''' (also known as iridodiagnosis<ref name="Cline">Cline D; Hofstetter HW; Griffin JR. ''Dictionary of Visual Science''. 4th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston 1997. ISBN 0-7506-9895-0</ref>) is an ] technique whose proponents believe that patterns, colors, and other characteristics of the ] can be examined to determine information about a patient's ] health. Practitioners match their observations to ''iris charts'' which divide the iris into zones corresponding to specific parts of the human body.

==L==
* ''']''' is the study of maximizing longevity, including length and quality of life, especially in mammals. Methods include nutrition, supplements and hormone replacements, exercise, avoidance of detrimental lifestyle habits, and so forth.
* ''']''' is the particular attitudes, habits, or behaviors associated with an individual.
* ''']''' are diseases that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer.

==M==
* ''']''' is a diet based on whole grains and cereals, and unprocessed vegetables and fruits. Refined and processed foods and most animal products are avoided. It claims to bring a balance of yin and yang within the body.
* '''Manipulative and body-based methods''' is the name of a ] classification, for alternative treatments that are based on manipulation and/or movement of one or more parts of the body.<ref name="NCCAM" /><!-- HIDE THIS FOR NOW: It can include:
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* ''']''' (MLD) is a type of gentle massage which is believed by proponents to encourage the natural circulation of the lymph through the body.
* The ] idea says that the causes, development, and outcomes of an illness are determined as much from the interaction of psychological and social factors as they are due to the biological factors of health. Many mind-body therapists take the definition of "mind-body connection" further and state that the ''root cause'' of illness is actually in the mind and spirit, and that for complete and permanent eradication of an illness, the cause must be addressed and cure focused there.
* ''']''' is the name of a ] classification, that covers a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms.<!-- HIDE THIS FOR NOW: It can include:
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* ''']''' is a traditional Chinese medicine technique that involves the burning of moxa or mugwort, a small, spongy herb, near the body to promote healing. It has been practised throughout Asia for thousands of years.

==N==
* ''']''' is the progenitor of ] in Europe. It postulates that all disease is due to violations of nature's laws, and that true healing consists in a return to natural habits.
* ''']''' is an eclectic self-care system of natural therapies that purports to build and restore health by working with the natural recuperative powers of the human body.
* ''']''' is the eclectic practice of Naturopathic Doctors (N.D.) using many different natural therapies as treatment. The original method of treatment of Naturopathy was the water cure.
* ''']''' is the treatment method used by advocates of natural health.
* '''NCCAM classifications''' – The ], or NCCAM, has classified complementary and alternative therapies into five different categories, or domains:<ref name="NCCAM" />
** ]
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==P==
* ''']''' is a system of exercise that builds muscle strength and flexibility.
* ''']''' is a Sanskrit word which means "life force", a universal energy which is believed to flow throughout the body. In Aryuvedic medicine it is the vital energy that animates life. The poses, meditation, and breathing techniques performed in yoga are designed to enhance and balance the flow of prana.

==Q==
* ] or Chi in traditional Chinese Medicine is the universal life force that flows through and permeates all life. The correct balance and flow of Qi is believed to be essential to health and well being.

* ] is a physical movement practice within Chinese medicine, which is intended to practice the movement of Qi. Qigong is mostly taught for health maintenance purposes, but it is sometimes used for therapeutic interventions. There are hundreds of different schools, and it is also an adjunct training of many ] martial arts.

==R==
* ] is a form of treatment developed by Mikao Usui in Japan around 1922. Practitioners use their hands on or above the patient in order to control, increase or open up a postulated energy, "ki", in the body. Training is usually through short courses, after which one can become certified as a "Reiki master".
* ] is an alternative medicine involving the application of pressure to the feet and hands with specific thumb, finger, and hand techniques without the use of oil or lotion. It is based a system of zones and reflex areas that are claimed to reflect an image of the body on the feet and hands.

== S ==
* ]
* ] is a approach to improving posture, alignment and body awareness. Practitioners use bodywork to reposition tissue, as well as movement retraining for basic actions such as sitting and standing, as well as more complex actions such as yoga poses or sports. Rolfing is the most well-known brand of Structural Integration. Other forms include Hellerwork, The Guild for Structural Integration, KMI, and SOMA.
* ], or ], looks at the dynamic systems of the human body as part of an integrated whole, incorporating biochemical, physiological, and environment interactions that sustain life. Systems medicine draws on theories from ], ] and ] when developing a comprehensive approach that considers an individual’s health in light of their ], behavior and the external environment.<ref>{{cite web|last1= Ayyadurai |first1= VA Shiva| last2= Chopra|first2= Deepak| url= http://systemshealth.com |title=Systems Health: The Future of Medicine}}</ref><ref name=Chopra>{{cite web|url=http://www.chopra.com/systemshealth-shiva|title=Systems Health - Dr. VA Shiva Ayyadurai| accessdate=11 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1= Federoff |first1= Howard| last2= Gostin|first2= Lawrence O.| url= http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=184479 |title=Evolving from Reductionism to Holism: Is There a Future for Systems Medicine?| journal= Journal of the American Medical Association|volume= 302|issue=9 |year=2009| pages=994–996 | doi=10.1001/jama.2009.1264}}</ref>

==T==
* ] is the use of ] as a form of therapy.<ref name="ShorterOxfordEnglishDictionaryp3225">{{cite book | first= | last= | year=2007 | edition=6th | title=]| editor=Angus Stevenson |chapter=Definition of Thalasso therapy |volume=2: N-Z| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=Oxford|page=3225|isbn=978-0-19-920687-2}} Note: Thalasso therapy is a sub-definition under the listing for Thalasso.</ref> Thalassotherapy was popular in ] during the second half of the eighteenth century, with Doctor ] credited as playing a significant role in its popularity.<ref name="Gray2006">{{cite book | title=Designing the Seaside: Architecture, Society and Nature|url=http://books.google.com/?id=5B69CiXKjgQC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=1769+%22Sea+Water+in+the+Diseases+of+the+Glands.+%22&q=Russell |last=Gray|first=Fred| edition= |year=2006| publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London| pages=46–47|accessdate=8 December 2009|isbn=1-86189-274-8}}</ref>
* ] is music played live at the bedside of persons who are faced with physical, emotional, and spiritual challenges, generally in the person’s home, a hospice or in a clinical setting.<ref>"". American Music Therapy Association, 2013. Web.</ref>
* ] (TCM) is a system of health care which is based on the ] notion of harmony and balance inside the human body as well as harmony between the body and its outside environment. TCM can include or address the following components:
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* Traditional Japanese medicine – Pre-Western Japanese medicine was strongly influenced by traditional Chinese medicine and is often seen as a sub-category of TCM. It includes the following practices:
** ]
** ]

==U==
* ] is a form of traditional medicine practiced in middle-east & south-Asian countries.
* ] is a specialized branch of alternative medicine, including any sort of oral or external application of urine for medicinal or cosmetic purposes, see ].

==W==
* ] in the therapeutic sense is a course of medical treatment by ].<ref name="ShorterOxfordEnglishDictionaryp3586">{{cite book | first= | last= | year=2007 | edition=6th | title=]| editor=Angus Stevenson |chapter=Definition of Water Cure |volume=2: N–Z| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=Oxford|page=3586|isbn=978-0-19-920687-2}} Note: Definition is under the general listing for water (noun), alphabetically in the sub-listing for phrases. This section begins on p.3585, but the definition for Water Cure is found in the top part of the first column on p.3586. The phrases are in alphabetical order, so it's just a matter of going down the list.</ref> In the nineteenth century, the term "Water Cure" was used synonymously with "hydropathy", which itself is the 19th century term for hydrotherapy.<ref name="HydropathyinBritannica1910">{{cite book| title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica| url=http://www.archive.org/stream/encyclopdiabrit18chisgoog#page/n184/mode/1up |author=Unsigned article| chapter=Hydropathy| editor=…|volume=XIV| year=1910| publisher=The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company| location= London |isbn=| pages=165–166|accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref><ref name="Watercuredef1913">{{Cite web| title=Water cure definition per Webster's 1913 dictionary | url=http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?resource=Webster%27s&word=water+cure&use1913=on&use1828=on| dateformat=|accessdate=6 December 2009}}</ref> Conceptually, water cures include a broad range of practices – essentially any therapeutic uses of water. See ] and ] for further discussion and links.
* ] has been used in CAM contexts since ] began using the phrase "high level wellness" in the 1950s, based on a series of lectures at a Unitarian Universalist Church in Arlington, VA.<ref name="pmid13661471">{{cite journal |author=DUNN HL |title=High-Level Wellness for Man and Society |journal=Am J Public Health Nations Health |volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=786–92 |year=1959 |pmid=13661471 |doi= 10.2105/AJPH.49.6.786|format=Scanned & PDF |pmc=1372807}}</ref> Wellness is generally used to mean a healthy balance of the mind-body and spirit that results in an overall feeling of well-being.

==Y==
* ] is a diverse and ancient East Indian practise. There are many different styles and schools of yoga. Yoga combines of breathing exercises, physical postures (]), and ], that calms the nervous system and balances body, mind, and spirit. It is thought to prevent specific diseases and maladies by relaxing the body, deepening respiration and calming the mind. Yoga has been used to lower blood pressure, reduce stress, and improve flexibility, concentration, sleep, and digestion. It has also been used as supplementary therapy for such diverse conditions as ],<ref name="pmid22041945">{{cite journal |last=Tilbrook|first= Helen E |last2=''et al.'' |title=Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Trial |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=155 |issue=9 |pages=569–578|year=2011 |pmid=22041945|doi=10.1059/0003-4819-155-9-201111010-00003}}</ref> ],<ref name=DeStasio>DeStasio, Susan A. Integrating Yoga Into Cancer Care. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. February 2008, Volume 12 Issue 1. p125-130</ref> ],<ref>Yoga could be good for heart disease. Simultaneous focus on body, breathing, and mind may be just what the doctor ordered. (2010). Harvard Heart Letter: From Harvard Medical School, 21(3), 5. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.</ref> ],<ref>Smith K, Pukall C. An evidence-based review of yoga as a complementary intervention for patients with cancer. Psycho-Oncology . May 2009;18(5):465–475.</ref> ],<ref name=DeStasio/> and ].<ref>Khalsa, Sat Bir S. et al. Evaluation of a Residential Kundalini Yoga Lifestyle Pilot Program for Addiction in India. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse. 2008, Volume 7 Issue 1. p67-79</ref>

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]

==References==
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