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The City of South Perth is a Local Government Area of Western Australia. It covers an area of approximately 19.9 square kilometers in metropolitan Perth, the capital of Western Australia and lies about 4 km south of the Perth CBD. The City of South Perth maintains 203 km of roads, a little over 4.3 km² of parks and gardens and has a population of approximately 36,000.

The area broadly forms a peninsula, being bounded on three sides by the waters of the Swan and Canning rivers.

History

Pre-European History

The history of the area now known as South Perth before permanent European settlement was broadly similar to that in other parts of what became the Swan River Colony. The area was probably inhabited by peoples of the Nyoongar tribes, and they had little contact with other peoples. Early Dutch and French explorers reported their presence, but no recorded contact was made. No contact is known to have been made with travellers from any other country. The Dutch expeditition commanded by Willem de Vlaming in 1697 was the first to discover the major river and note the presence of black swans on the river. They named it the Swan River.

Early European settlement

After the permanent settlement of the British and the establishment of the Swan River Colony, most development tended to take place north rather than south of the Swan River in the town of Perth and also in Fremantle, the port suburb. The area was already unofficially known as "South Perth" but was relatively untouched. By 1831, the land along the river frontage had been allocated amongst seven people, and the land was being partially utilised for agriculture and dairy farms. A mill was built in 1833 and a ferry across the Swan river via the Narrows was established.

Established settlement

There was some conflict between the European settlers and Indigenous Australians, in which one of the leaders was a chief known as Yagan. After his death, local leadership went to a chief variously known as Galute or Kalyute. He led further resistance, but this was countered by a punitive expedition, which resulted in the deaths of fifteen Aboriginal people and the end of organised resistance.

By the 1850's, there was some further development of the area, with more ferry connections and the construction of the Causeway and the Canning Bridge. The area was further surveyed and lots allocated to pensioners. By 1858, the area was officially marked on maps as "South Perth" and some roads had been constructed.

The 1860's saw the realisation that large-scale farming in the district had no future, although dairying, timber cutting and vegetable growing continued. By the 1880's, a number of Chinese gardeners had arrived and they set up market gardens on land on the foreshore, between Suburban Road (now Mill Point Road) and the Swan river. After the discovery of gold in Kalgoorlie in 1893, a number of Chinese, who had been unable to take up Miners Rights in the goldfields for racial reasons, joined them in South Perth. The Chinese worked very hard and grew good quality fruit and vegetables, which the local population were happy to buy. It wasn't until the 1920's that the Chinese started to market their produce to the wider population of Perth via the James Street markets. The Chinese market gardens successfully operated for many years, despite many attempts by local authorities to serve them with notices allegeing uncleanliness or health hazards. They lasted until the 1950's.

With the help of convict labour, the district received more settlement and better roads. Nevertheless, the South Perth area still had a small population.

The 1880s South Perth land boom

The real estate boom of the 1880s, which coincided with the discovery of gold in the Kimberley saw a slow but appreciable growth in the number of residents. Several of Perth's more substantial citizens saw South Perth as a peaceful and tranquil suburb, and by the end of the 1890s, the population was about 400, with many elegant homes. The Zoological Gardens and the Royal Perth Golf Club were opened in 1898 and the area became popular with tourists from the town of Perth across the river.

Local government

The South Perth Road Board was formed in 1892 and the district became a municipality in 1902. 1959 saw it granted the status of city.

Education

The City of South Perth is home to numerous primary schools, and five major secondary schools.

Secondary

• Aquinas College (private, for boys)
• Como Secondary College (public, co-educational)
• Penhros College (private, for girls)
• Wesley College (private, for boys)
• Clontarf Aboriginal College

Primary

• Saint Columba's College (private, co-educational)
• South Perth Primary
• Manning Primary
• Como Primary
• South Kensington Primary
• Kensington Primary
• St Pius X

Attractions

References

• The History of South Perth, by F K Crowley. Rigby Limited 1962
• Peninsula City, by Cecil Florey. City of South Perth 1995

External links

• City of South Perth Website

Template:Local Government Areas of Perth

• Local Government Areas of Western Australia
• Aquinas College, Perth