Dhirendranath Datta: Difference between revisions

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			{{Short description\|Pakistani politician}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=May 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=May 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~October~~ ~~2017~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}

	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Dhirendranath Datta		\| name = Dhirendranath Datta
	\| native_name = ~~ধীরেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত~~		\| native_name =
			দত্ত<br/>دھرین درناتھ دتا
	\| native_name_lang = bn		\| native_name_lang = bn
	\| image = Dhirendranath datta.jpg		\| image = Dhirendranath datta.jpg
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1886\|11\|2}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1886\|11\|2}}
	\| birth_place = ~~Ramrail, Tipperah~~, ], ]		\| birth_place = ], ], ]
	\| disappeared_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1971\|3\|29\|1886\|11\|2}}		\| disappeared_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1971\|3\|29\|1886\|11\|2}}
	\| disappeared_place = ], ]		\| disappeared_place = ], ], Bangladesh
	\| nationality = ]		\| nationality = ] (1886-1947)<br/>] (1947-1971)
			\| party = ]
	}}		}}

	'''Dhirendranath Datta''' (2 November 1886 – disappeared 29 March 1971)<ref name="dream">{{cite web \| url=http://opinion.bdnews24.com/2016/11/02/dhirendranath-duttaour-dream-maker/ \| title=Dhirendranath Dutta…our dream maker \| publisher=bdnews24.com \|type=Opinion \| date=2 November 2016 \| access-date=2 November 2016 \| author=Ahsan, Syed Badrul}}</ref>		'''Dhirendranath Datta''' (2 November 1886 – disappeared 29 March 1971)<ref name="dream">{{cite web \| url=http://opinion.bdnews24.com/2016/11/02/dhirendranath-duttaour-dream-maker/ \| title=Dhirendranath Dutta…our dream maker \| publisher=bdnews24.com \|type=Opinion \| date=2 November 2016 \| access-date=2 November 2016 \| author=Ahsan, Syed Badrul}}</ref>
	was a ] lawyer by ~~profession~~ who was also active in the politics of undivided ] in ] India~~, and later in ] (1947–1971)~~.<ref name=pedia>{{cite web \|last1=Salam \|first1=Muhammad Abdus \|title=Datta, Dhirendranath \|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Datta,_Dhirendranath \|website=Banglapedia \|access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref>		was a ] lawyer and politician from ] who was a member of the 1st ]. He is best known for proposing ] for the national language of Pakistan in the Assembly. He was also active in the politics of undivided ] in ] India.<ref name=pedia>{{cite web \|last1=Salam \|first1=Muhammad Abdus \|title=Datta, Dhirendranath \|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Datta,_Dhirendranath \|website=Banglapedia \|access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Datta was born on 2 November 1886 in Ramrail, in ],<ref name="Prothom">{{cite news \|date=3 November 2007 \|script-title=bn:শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি:এই দেশ এই মাটি যাঁর অস্তিত্ব \|trans-title=A Tribute to this Country \|work=] \|language=bn}}</ref> Bengal Province (in today's Bangladesh). His father Jagabandhu Datta was a lawyer and introduced Dhirendranath to the legal profession from an early age. Dhirendranath was educated at Nabinagar High School, ] and ] in ].		Datta was born in an Aristocrat Kayastha Family on 2 November 1886 in Ramrail, in ],<ref name="Prothom">{{cite news \|date=3 November 2007 \|script-title=bn:শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি:এই দেশ এই মাটি যাঁর অস্তিত্ব \|trans-title=A Tribute to this Country \|work=] \|language=bn}}</ref> Bengal Province (in today's Bangladesh). His father Jagabandhu Datta was a lawyer and introduced Dhirendranath to the legal profession from an early age. Dhirendranath was educated at Nabinagar High School, ] and ] in ].{{citation needed\|date=November 2023}}

	==Early career==		==Early career==
	Datta began his career as a school teacher, eventually becoming assistant headmaster of the Bangora High school in ]. He was very active in the local community and was a leader of the relief effort following devastating floods in 1915. He formed the ''Mukti Sangha'', a welfare organization, after becoming inspired by ]. Datta's relief work continued up to the ]. He joined the Comilla District Bar in 1911 and continued to practice until he was advised to give up his profession in favor of politics by his political comrade ].		Datta began his career as a school teacher, eventually becoming assistant headmaster of the Bangora High school in ]. He was very active in the local community and was a leader of the relief effort following devastating floods in 1915. He formed the ''Mukti Sangha'', a welfare organization, after becoming inspired by ]. Datta's relief work continued up to the ]. He joined the Comilla District Bar in 1911 and continued to practice until he was advised to give up his profession in favor of politics by his political comrade ].{{citation needed\|date=November 2023}}

	==Political activism==		==Political activism==
			{{unreferenced section\|date=November 2023}}
	Along with many politically active Bengalis of his time, Datta took a firm stand following the ]. He chose to vehemently oppose partition, working closely with other anti-partition activists such as ] and ]. Datta joined the ] from ] and was first elected to the Bengal Legislative Council in 1937. He was arrested by the British rulers of India for his participation in the ] movement of 1942.		Along with many politically active Bengalis of his time, Datta took a firm stand following the ]. He chose to vehemently oppose partition, working closely with other anti-partition activists such as ] and ]. Datta joined the ] from ] and was first elected to the Bengal Legislative Council in 1937. He was arrested by the British rulers of India for his participation in the ] movement of 1942.

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	Datta continued to represent his constituency as a Hindu member of the renamed ] (seats were allocated by a quota according to religion). On 23 February 1948 in the Pakistan Constituent Assembly in ], he made a speech calling for Bengali to be made one of the official languages of Pakistan,<ref name="Banglapedia">{{cite encyclopedia \| url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Language_Movement \| title = Language Movement \| encyclopedia = Banglapedia – The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \| publisher = Asiatic Society of Bangladesh \| access-date = 26 July 2015 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307033428/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Language_Movement \| archive-date = 7 March 2016 \| url-status = dead }}</ref> in what was to become the action he will be most remembered for by his compatriots.		Datta continued to represent his constituency as a Hindu member of the renamed ] (seats were allocated by a quota according to religion). On 23 February 1948 in the Pakistan Constituent Assembly in ], he made a speech calling for Bengali to be made one of the official languages of Pakistan,<ref name="Banglapedia">{{cite encyclopedia \| url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Language_Movement \| title = Language Movement \| encyclopedia = Banglapedia – The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \| publisher = Asiatic Society of Bangladesh \| access-date = 26 July 2015 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307033428/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Language_Movement \| archive-date = 7 March 2016 \| url-status = dead }}</ref> in what was to become the action he will be most remembered for by his compatriots.

	~~He continued to be a thorn in the side of the Pakistan establishment; in~~ 1954, he moved an adjournment motion against the declaration of Governor's Rule in East Pakistan, and was seen as the ''de facto'' face of protest and democracy.		In 1954, he moved an adjournment motion against the declaration of Governor's Rule in East Pakistan, and was seen as the ''de facto'' face of protest and democracy.

	He served as the Minister of Health and Social Welfare (East Pakistan) in ]'s cabinet (1956–58).

	He ~~was~~ ~~placed under house arrest during~~ the ] and ~~declared~~ a ~~security~~ ~~threat,~~ ~~primarily~~ ~~because~~ of ~~his~~ ~~Hindu~~ ~~faith and~~ ~~because~~ of his alleged links to the emerging underground Bengali Nationalist movement, supposed members of which included ]. After this, he refrained from active politics but kept on supporting the rising nationalist movement from behind.		He served as the Minister of Health and Social Welfare (East Pakistan) in ]'s cabinet (1956). Because of his alleged links to the emerging underground Bengali Nationalist movement, supposed members of which included ], he was barred from participation in national election through the imposition of EBDO (Elective Bodies Disqualification Order). After this, he refrained from active politics but kept on supporting the rising nationalist movement from behind.

	==Assassination by the Pakistan Army==		==Assassination by the Pakistan Army==
	~~The~~ ~~Pakistan establishment never forgot~~ Datta's continued defiance of state discrimination and authoritarianism. At the onset of the ], three days after the arrest of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Datta was arrested at his ~~Comilla~~ house on 29 March 1971, and taken with his son, Dilip Kumar Datta, to ] Cantonment and ]d to death.<ref name="Prothom"/> For this reason, he is often referred to as "Shaheed" (martyr) as a sign of respect.<ref name=pedia/>		Due to Datta's continued defiance of state discrimination and authoritarianism in Pakistan, at the onset of the ], three days after the arrest of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Datta was arrested at his house in Comilla on 29 March 1971, and taken with his son, Dilip Kumar Datta, to ] Cantonment and ]d to death.<ref name="Prothom"/> For this reason, he is often referred to as "Shaheed" (martyr) as a sign of respect.<ref name=pedia/>

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	Datta had a ~~son~~ Dilip Kumar Datta.<ref name=dream/>		Datta had 2 sons, Sanjib and Dilip Kumar Datta.<ref name=dream/>

	==References==		==References==
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Latest revision as of 13:29, 14 January 2025

Pakistani politician

Dhirendranath Datta
দত্ত دھرین درناتھ دتا

Born	(1886-11-02)2 November 1886 Brahmanbaria, Bengal, British India
Disappeared	29 March 1971(1971-03-29) (aged 84) Comilla Cantonment, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Nationality	British India (1886-1947) Pakistan (1947-1971)
Political party	Pakistan National Congress

Dhirendranath Datta (2 November 1886 – disappeared 29 March 1971) was a Bengali lawyer and politician from East Bengal who was a member of the 1st Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. He is best known for proposing Bengali for the national language of Pakistan in the Assembly. He was also active in the politics of undivided Bengal in pre-partition India.

Early life

Datta was born in an Aristocrat Kayastha Family on 2 November 1886 in Ramrail, in Brahmanbaria District, Bengal Province (in today's Bangladesh). His father Jagabandhu Datta was a lawyer and introduced Dhirendranath to the legal profession from an early age. Dhirendranath was educated at Nabinagar High School, Comilla Zilla School and Ripon College in Calcutta.

Early career

Datta began his career as a school teacher, eventually becoming assistant headmaster of the Bangora High school in Comilla. He was very active in the local community and was a leader of the relief effort following devastating floods in 1915. He formed the Mukti Sangha, a welfare organization, after becoming inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. Datta's relief work continued up to the Bengal Famine of 1943. He joined the Comilla District Bar in 1911 and continued to practice until he was advised to give up his profession in favor of politics by his political comrade Chittaranjan Das.

Political activism

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Along with many politically active Bengalis of his time, Datta took a firm stand following the Bengal Partition of 1905. He chose to vehemently oppose partition, working closely with other anti-partition activists such as Surendranath Banerjee and Rabindranath Tagore. Datta joined the Indian National Congress from Mymensingh District and was first elected to the Bengal Legislative Council in 1937. He was arrested by the British rulers of India for his participation in the Quit India movement of 1942.

Datta firmly opposed the creation of Pakistan and partition of India on religious lines; but when it became clear that partition of Bengal was inevitable and that his home district of Comilla would be in the new Muslim majority state, he opted to remain in East Bengal (unlike many other Hindu leaders), and as a result, was invited to be part of the constitutional committee to draft the legislative framework of the new country before the actual independence of Pakistan.

The Pakistan era

Datta continued to represent his constituency as a Hindu member of the renamed Pakistan National Congress (seats were allocated by a quota according to religion). On 23 February 1948 in the Pakistan Constituent Assembly in Karachi, he made a speech calling for Bengali to be made one of the official languages of Pakistan, in what was to become the action he will be most remembered for by his compatriots.

In 1954, he moved an adjournment motion against the declaration of Governor's Rule in East Pakistan, and was seen as the de facto face of protest and democracy.

He served as the Minister of Health and Social Welfare (East Pakistan) in Ataur Rahman Khan's cabinet (1956). Because of his alleged links to the emerging underground Bengali Nationalist movement, supposed members of which included Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, he was barred from participation in national election through the imposition of EBDO (Elective Bodies Disqualification Order). After this, he refrained from active politics but kept on supporting the rising nationalist movement from behind.

Assassination by the Pakistan Army

Due to Datta's continued defiance of state discrimination and authoritarianism in Pakistan, at the onset of the Bangladesh Liberation War, three days after the arrest of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Datta was arrested at his house in Comilla on 29 March 1971, and taken with his son, Dilip Kumar Datta, to Moynamoti Cantonment and tortured to death. For this reason, he is often referred to as "Shaheed" (martyr) as a sign of respect.

Personal life

Datta had 2 sons, Sanjib and Dilip Kumar Datta.

References

^ Ahsan, Syed Badrul (2 November 2016). "Dhirendranath Dutta…our dream maker" (Opinion). bdnews24.com. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
^ Salam, Muhammad Abdus. "Datta, Dhirendranath". Banglapedia. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি:এই দেশ এই মাটি যাঁর অস্তিত্ব [A Tribute to this Country]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 3 November 2007.
"Language Movement". Banglapedia – The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2015.

v t e Bengali language movement
History and events	Tamaddun Majlish Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad Role of political parties during Bengali Language Movement The Azad Urdu movement Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu? Romanisation of Bengali
People	Abul Barkat Abdul Jabbar Shafiur Rahman Abdus Salam Rafiq Uddin Ahmed Dhirendranath Datta Khawaja Nazimuddin Muhammad Ali Jinnah Hamidur Rahman Abul Kashem Shamsul Huq Nurul Huq Bhuiyan Shahed Ali Liaquat Ali Khan Mohammad Toaha Abdul Matin Abdul Malek Ukil A. K. Fazlul Huq Maulana Bhashani Oli Ahad Abul Hashim Shawkat Ali Abul Kalam Shamsuddin Kazi Golam Mahbub Gaziul Haque Muhammad Habibur Rahman Mahbub Ul Alam Choudhury Mohammad Akram Khan Zahir Raihan Mohammad Sultan Abdul Latif Abdul Gafur Altaf Mahmud Muhammad Shahidullah Nurul Amin Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Munier Choudhury
Commemoration	Ekushey Book Fair Shaheed Minar Ekushey Padak Language Movement Day International Mother Language Day Moder Gorob Artistic depictions of the Bengali Language Movement Ekusher Gaan

Bangladesh genocide

Perpetrators

Organizers	Yahya Khan Tikka Khan Rao Farman Ali
Executors	Abdul Quader Molla Abul Kalam Azad Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed Delwar Hossain Sayeedi Fazlul Quader Chowdhury Ghulam Azam Motiur Rahman Nizami Muhammad Kamaruzzaman Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury Ashrafuz Zaman Khan Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin

Organizations

Massacres

Barisal Division	Barguna Bhimnali Gabha Narerkathi Ketnar Bil Suryamani
Chittagong Division	Comilla Cantonment Muzaffarabad Pomara Bakhrabad
Dhaka Division	Bakchar Baria Char Bhadrasan Dhaka University Hasamdia Ishangopalpur Jandi Jinjira Madhyapara Nikli Ramna Satanikhil Sendia Shankharibazar Sree Angan Sutrapur Terosree massacre
Khulna Division	Chuknagar Dakra Shankharikathi
Rajshahi Division	Bagbati Demra Karai Kadipur Gopalpur Jogisho and Palsha
Rangpur Division	Akhira Dhapdhup Golahat Jathibhanga Kaliganj
Sylhet Division	Adityapur Burunga Galimpur Krishnapur Makalkandi Naria

Notable victims

Protests

Trials

Related events

Bangladesh Liberation War

Origins of the Bangladeshi Revolution

Philosophy	Bengali Renaissance Muslim nationalism in South Asia Two-nation theory Bengali nationalism Bengal studies Bangamata Joy Bangla
Pakistan Movement	Partition of Bengal (1905) Eastern Bengal and Assam All-India Muslim League Indian independence movement Pakistan Movement Lahore Resolution United Bengal Muslim National Guard Direct Action Day Noakhali riots Partition of India Partition of Bengal (1947)
East Pakistan	Dominion of Pakistan East Bengal Pakistan Muslim League Objectives Resolution All Pakistan Awami Muslim League Awami League United Front Bengali language movement One Unit East Pakistan Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 1958 Pakistani coup d'état Constitution of Pakistan of 1962
Bengali self-determination	Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad Six point movement Agartala Conspiracy Case 1969 uprising in East Pakistan 1970 Bhola cyclone 1970 Pakistani general election
Declaration of war	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech of 7 March Non-cooperation movement Rodionov message Admiral Ahsan Mission Operation Searchlight Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence

Combatants
Campaigns
Theaters
Battles
Events
Massacres

Combatants

Bangladesh	Provisional Government of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini Bangladesh Army K Force S Force Z Force Bangladesh Navy Bangladesh Air Force Bangladesh Rifles Bangladesh Ansar Bangladesh Police Special Guerrilla Forces Gono Bahini Mujib Bahini Kader Bahini Baten Bahini Afsar Bahini Hemayet Bahini Crack Platoon
Pakistan	Pakistan Armed Forces Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines Jamaat-e-Islami Central Peace Committee Razakars Al-Badr Al-Shams
Indian allies	Parliament of India Indian Armed Forces Army, Navy, Air Force Mitro Bahini (Indo-Bangali group)

Campaigns and
theaters

Major battles

Other events

List of massacres

Related conflicts

Leaders

Bangladesh

Military	M. A. G. Osmani Ziaur Rahman Khaled Mosharraf K M Shafiullah Shafaat Jamil A. K. Khandker Muhammad Hamidullah Khan Matiur Rahman
Civilian	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Syed Nazrul Islam Tajuddin Ahmad AHM Qamaruzzaman Muhammad Hamidullah Khan Serajul Alam Khan Dhirendranath Datta Kazi Nuruzzaman Chitta Ranjan Dutta Muhammad Mansur Ali Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad M. A. Hannan Abu Sayeed Chowdhury

Pakistan

Military	Yahya Khan Tikka Khan S.M. Ahsan A.K. Niazi Yaqub Ali Khan Mohammad Shariff Rao Farman Ali A.O. Mitha Khadim Hussain Mitty Masud Ahmad Zamir Inamul Haque Siddique Salik K.M. Arif
Civilian	Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Dr. Abdul Motaleb Malik Nurul Amin Shah Azizur Rahman Ghulam Azam Motiur Rahman Nizami J.A. Rahim Tridev Roy

Indian allies

Military	Sam Manekshaw S. M. Nanda P. C. Lal Jagjit Singh Aurora K. P. Candeth Gopal Gurunath Bewoor Sourendra Nath Kohli Nilakanta Krishnan Minoo Merwan Engineer Hari Chand Dewan Sagat Singh T. N. Raina Khem Karan Singh Sartaj Singh Inderjit Singh Gill J. F. R. Jacob E. C. Kuruvila S. H. Sarma
Civilian	Indira Gandhi V. V. Giri Gopal Swarup Pathak Rameshwar Kao Swaran Singh Jagjivan Ram Dilip Mahalanabis

Aftermath

Related topics
Categories

Commemoration

Monuments and memorials	National Martyrs' Memorial Martyred Intellectuals Memorial Swadhinata Stambha Liberation War Memorial Trust Liberation War Museum Bangladesh Police Liberation War Museum Aparajeyo Bangla Shabash Bangladesh
Anniversaries	Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day Independence Day (Bangladesh) Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh) Martyred Intellectuals Day Victory day of Bangladesh Vijay Diwas (India)
Decorations and depictions	Muktijuddho e-Archive Artistic depictions Awards and decorations

Trials

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