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			{{Short description|Highly-urbanized city and capital of Iloilo, Philippines}}
	{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
			{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
			{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}}
	{{Infobox settlement		{{Infobox settlement
	| name = Iloilo City		| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
	| official_name = City of Iloilo <!-- as per seal -->		| official_name =
	| image_skyline = Montage Iloilo.jpg		| image_skyline = {{multiple image
			| border = infobox
	| image_caption = <small> From top, left to right: ] (Royal Street) – Iloilo's historic city center, Aduana de Iloilo (Iloilo Customs House) and Muelle Loney, Iglesia de Santa Ana (Saint Anne Parish), Smallville Commercial Complex in Mandurriao District, Mansion de Lopez (Nelly Garden), and the Fuente Arroyo (Arroyo Fountain) and Casa Real de Iloilo (Iloilo Royal House) - The old provincial capitol </small>
	| image_seal = Seal_of_Iloilo_City.png		| total_width = 275
	| seal_size = 100x80px		| image_style = border
			| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
	| nickname = {{ubl|''"The Most Loyal and Noble City"''<ref name="Inquirer-Badge">{{cite news |last1=Burgos, Jr. |first1=Nestor P. |title=Groups see Iloilo title as 'badge of betrayal' |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697568/groups-see-iloilo-title-as-badge-of-betrayal |access-date=14 April 2019 |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=11 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613014535/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697568/groups-see-iloilo-title-as-badge-of-betrayal |archive-date=13 June 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="DailyGuardian-Glimpse" />
			| image1 = Iloilo Business Park, Megaworld Boulevard, ICC top view (Mandurriao, Iloilo City; 04-05-2024) (cropped).jpg{{!}} Iloilo Business Park in Mandurriao district, the new central business district of Iloilo City
	| ''"Queen City of the South"''<ref name="DailyGuardian-Glimpse">{{cite news |last1=Vego |first1=Herber |title=A glimpse into Iloilo City's colorful past |url=https://thedailyguardian.net/opinion/a-glimpse-into-iloilo-citys-colorful-past/ |access-date=14 April 2019 |work=The Daily Guardian |date=22 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414153346/https://thedailyguardian.net/opinion/a-glimpse-into-iloilo-citys-colorful-past/ |archive-date=14 April 2019}}</ref>
			| alt1 = View of Iloilo Business Park in Mandurriao district
	| ''"City of Love"''<ref name="DailyGuardian-CityOfLove">{{cite news |last1=Santiagudo |first1=Emme Rose |title=City of Love still peaceful, orderly |url=https://thedailyguardian.net/local-news/city-of-love-still-peaceful-orderly/ |access-date=14 April 2019 |work=The Daily Guardian |date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920120215/https://thedailyguardian.net/local-news/city-of-love-still-peaceful-orderly/ |archive-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>
			| caption1 = ] skyline
	| ''"The Heart of the Philippines"''<ref name="DENRGovPH-EastAsian">{{cite news |title=iloilo City to Host the East Asian Seas Congress this November |url=https://www.denr.gov.ph/news-events/press-releases/629-iloilo-city-to-host-the-east-asian-seas-congress-this-november |access-date=14 April 2019 |work=Department of Environment and Natural Resources |date=1 June 2018 |quote=Known as the “Heart of the Philippines,” Iloilo has successfully hosted international assemblies such as the 2015 APEC High-Level Policy Dialogue on Food Security and the Blue Economy and ASEAN in the past.}}</ref>
			| image2 = Villanueva Building (Calle Real) in Iloilo City (cropped).jpg{{!}} Eusebio Villanueva Building on Calle Real, a historic street located in Iloilo City Proper
	| ''"Museum City of the Philippines"''
			| alt2 = Eusebio Villanueva Building on Calle Real Heritage Zone
	| ''"Bike Capital of the Philippines"''
			| caption2 = ]
	| ''"City of Mansions"''<ref name="DailyGuardian-Cultural">{{cite news |last1=Conserva |first1=Louine Hope |title=CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION: U.S. Embassy launches training course in Iloilo City |url=https://thedailyguardian.net/banner-news/cultural-heritage-conservation-u-s-embassy-launches-training-course-in-iloilo-city/ |access-date=14 April 2019 |work=The Daily Guardian |date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414155908/https://thedailyguardian.net/banner-news/cultural-heritage-conservation-u-s-embassy-launches-training-course-in-iloilo-city/ |archive-date=14 April 2019 |quote=Iloilo City, dubbed as the “City of Mansions,” is an ideal venue as it is a home to well-preserved heritage structures during the Spanish and American period such as churches, ancestral houses, and commercial buildings.}}</ref>
			| image3 = Molo Church (Molo, Iloilo City; 04-03-2024).jpg{{!}} Molo Church, a 'feminist' neo-Gothic Roman Catholic church
	| ''"Royal City of the South"''<ref name="Iloilo: Getting to Know the Royal City of the South">. Retrieved 5 March 2019.</ref>
			| alt3 = Molo Church in Molo district
			| caption3 = ]
			| image4 = Facade of Jaro Cathedral at Dawn.jpg{{!}} Jaro Metropolitan Cathedral, the center of Candelaria devotion in the Philippine islands
			| alt4 = Jaro Cathedral in Jaro district
			| caption4 = ]
			| image5 = Molo Mansion (Locsin, Molo, Iloilo City; 01-26-2023).jpg{{!}} Molo Mansion, a 1926 neoclassical and art deco heritage house
			| alt5 = Molo Mansion in Molo district
			| caption5 = ]
			| image6 = Camiña Balay Nga Bato (Osmeña, Villa Arevalo, Iloilo City; 10-21-2022) (cropped).jpg{{!}} Camiña Balay Nga Bato, an 1865 'bahay na bato' (stone house)
			| alt6 = Camiña Balay Nga Bato in Arevalo district
			| caption6 = ]
			| image7 = Lopez Heritage House Nelly's Garden (E. Lopez, Jaro, Iloilo City; 10-22-2022) (cropped).jpg{{!}} Lopez Mansion, a Beaux-Arts architecture mansion considered the 'queen of heritage houses in Iloilo'
			| alt7 = Lopez Mansion in Jaro district
			| caption7 = ]
			| image8 = Iloilo River, Muelle Loney north (Iloilo City; 04-04-2024) (cropped) (1).jpg{{!}} Iloilo River, one of the cleanest urban rivers in Southeast Asia
			| alt8 = Iloilo River, with the Iloilo River Esplanade along its banks
			| caption8 = ] and the ]
	}}		}}
			| image_caption =
	----
			| image_flag = Flag of Iloilo City.jpg
	| motto = ''La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad''<br />(The Most Loyal and Noble City)<ref name="Inquirer-Badge" /><br/> ''Uswag, Iloilo!'' (Progress, Iloilo)<br>''Level Up, Iloilo!''
	| image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}		| image_seal = {{PH wikidata|image_seal}}
	| map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}}		| seal_size = 100x80px
			| image_blank_emblem = My Heart Beats in Iloilo City logo.png
	| image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}}
			| blank_emblem_type = ]
	| pushpin_map = Philippines
			| blank_emblem_size =
	| pushpin_label_position = left
	| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}}		| nickname = City of Love and ]
			| motto = ''La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad de Iloílo''<ref>{{cite news | last1=Burgos | first1=Nestor P. Jr. |date=June 11, 2015 |title=Groups see Iloilo title as 'badge of betrayal' |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697568/groups-see-iloilo-title-as-badge-of-betrayal |access-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613014535/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697568/groups-see-iloilo-title-as-badge-of-betrayal |archive-date=June 13, 2015}}</ref> {{small|({{Translation|The Most Loyal and Noble City of Iloilo}})}}
	| coordinates = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
	| settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}		| anthem =
	| subdivision_type = ]		| image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
			| map_caption = Map of Western Visayas particularly Iloilo with Iloilo City highlighted
	| subdivision_name = ]
			| image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}}
	| subdivision_type1 = ]
	| subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}}		| pushpin_map = Philippines
			| pushpin_label_position = left
	| subdivision_type2 = ]
			| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}}
	| subdivision_name2 = ] {{small|(geographically only)}}
			| coordinates = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
	| subdivision_type3 = ]
			| settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
	| subdivision_name3 = ]
			| subdivision_type = Country
	| established_title = ]
			| subdivision_name = ]
	| established_date = * 1566 <small>(Spanish settlement)</small>
			| subdivision_type1 = ]
	* 1581 <small>(La Villa Rica de Arevalo)</small>
			| subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}}
	* 1602 <small>(La Punta or City Proper District)</small>
			| subdivision_type2 = ]
	| established_title1 = Cityhood
			| subdivision_name2 = ] {{small|(geographically only)}}
	| established_date1 = 5 October 1889 (Royal Spanish decree)
			| subdivision_type3 = ]
	| established_title2 = Reincorporated
			| subdivision_name3 = {{PH legislative district}}
	| established_date2 = 16 July 1937 (Re-charter by American colonial government)
			| established_title = ]
	| established_title3 = Highly Urbanized City
			| established_date = 1566 <small>(Spanish settlement)</small>
	| established_date3 = 22 December 1979
			| established_title1 = Cityhood
	| seat_type = ]s
			| established_date1 = October 5, 1889
	| seat = 180
			| established_title2 = Reincorporated
	| parts_type = City geographical districts
			| established_date2 = July 16, 1937
	| p1 = ] (Villa de Arevalo)
			| established_title3 = Highly urbanized city
	| p2 = ]
			| established_date3 = December 22, 1979
	| p3 = ]
	| p4 = ]		| seat_type = ]s
	| p5 = ]		| seat = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see ])
			| parts_type = ]
	| p6 = ]
	| p7 = ]		| p1 = ]
	| leader_title = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}} <!--mayor-->		| p2 = ]
	| leader_name = Geronimo "Jerry" P. Treñas		| p3 = ]
	| leader_title1 = ]		| p4 = ]
	| leader_name1 = Jeffrey P. Ganzon		| p5 = ]
			| p6 = ]
	| leader_title2 = ] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
	| leader_name2 = Julienne "Jam" L. Baronda		| p7 = ]
			| leader_title = ] <!--mayor-->
	| leader_title3 = ]
			| leader_name = ] (])
	| leader_name3 =
			| leader_title1 = ]
	| leader_title4 = ]
			| leader_name1 = Jeffrey P. Ganzon (])
	| leader_name4 = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters (])
			| leader_title2 = ] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
	| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
			| leader_name2 = ] (])
	| government_footnotes = {{thinsp}}<ref>{{DILG detail}}</ref>
			| leader_title3 = ]
	| total_type = City
	| elevation_m = {{PH wikidata|elevation_m}}		| leader_name3 = {{PH Town Council
			| 1 = <div style="border-style:solid none;border-width:thin;border-color:Gainsboro;background-color:#e6e6e6;text-align:center;width:95%;font-variant:small-caps;"></div>
	| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web
			| 2=Sedfrey L. Cabaluna
	| url = https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r06/iloilo-city.html
			| 3=Jose Maria Miguel S. Treñas
	| title = Iloilo City Profile
			| 4=Alan A. Zaldivar
	| publisher = PhilAtlas.com
			| 5=Frances Grace V. Parcon-Torres
	| access-date = 25 May 2020 }}</ref>
			| 6=Urminico M. Baronda Jr.
	| elevation_max_m =
			| 7=Rudolph Jeffrey O. Ganzon
	| elevation_min_m =
			| 8=Rex Marcus B. Sarabia
	| elevation_max_rank =
			| 9=Candice Magdalane A. Tupas
	| elevation_min_rank =
			| 10=Johnny Y. Young
	| elevation_max_footnotes =
			| 11=Romel D. Duron
	| elevation_min_footnotes =
			| 12=Ely A. Estante Jr.
	| area_metro_km2 = 1105.53
			| 13=Plaridel C. Nava
	| area_footnotes = {{PSGC detail|area}}
			}}
	| area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}}
			| leader_title4 = ]
	| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}}
			| leader_name4 = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters (])
	| population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
	| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}		| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
			| government_footnotes = {{thinsp}}<ref>{{DILG detail}}</ref>
	| population_density_km2 = auto
			| total_type = City
	| population_metro = 946146 <!-- Metro Iloilo-Guimaras population -->
			| elevation_m = {{PH wikidata|elevation_m}}
			| elevation_footnotes =
			| elevation_max_m = 175
			| elevation_min_m = -1
			| elevation_max_rank =
			| elevation_min_rank =
			| elevation_max_footnotes =
			| elevation_min_footnotes =
			| area_urban_km2 = 91
			| area_metro_km2 = 1105.53
			| area_footnotes = {{PH area}}
			| area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}}
			| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}}
			| population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
			| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
			| population_density_km2 = auto
			| population_urban = 574000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographia World Urban Areas PDF (March 2020) |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |access-date=November 24, 2013 |publisher=Demographia |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
			| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
			| population_metro = 1007945 <!-- Metro Iloilo-Guimaras population -->
	| population_density_metro_km2 = auto		| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
	| population_blank1_title = ]s		| population_blank1_title = ]s
	| population_blank1 = {{PH wikidata|household}}<ref>{{cite web		| population_blank1 = {{PH wikidata|household}}<ref>{{cite web
	| url = https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Housing%20Tables%20by%20City_%20Municipality.xlsx		| url = https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Housing%20Tables%20by%20City_%20Municipality.xlsx
	| title = Housing Characteristics in the Philippines (Results of the 2015 Census of Population)		| title = Housing Characteristics in the Philippines (Results of the 2015 Census of Population)
	| publisher = Philippine Statistics Authority		| publisher = Philippine Statistics Authority
	| access-date = 25 May 2020 }}</ref>		| access-date = May 25, 2020
	| population_demonym = Ilonggo (masculine)<br/>Ilongga (feminine)		| archive-date = May 4, 2020
			| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200504134855/http://www.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Housing%20Tables%20by%20City_%20Municipality.xlsx
	| timezone = ]
	| utc_offset = +8		| url-status = live
			}}</ref>
	| postal_code_type = ]
			| population_demonym = Ilonggo (masculine)<br />Ilongga (feminine)
	| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
	| postal2_code_type = {{PSGCstyle}}		| timezone = ]
	| postal2_code = {{PSGC detail}}		| utc_offset = +8
			| postal_code_type = ]
	| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}}
	| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}		| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
			| postal2_code_type = {{PSGCstyle}}
	| website = {{PH wikidata|website}}
	| demographics_type1 = Economy		| postal2_code = {{PSGC detail}}
			| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}}
	| demographics1_title1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
	| demographics1_info1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class}}		| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
	| demographics1_title2 = ]		| website = {{PH wikidata|website}}
			| demographics_type1 = Economy
	| demographics1_info2 = 13.51% (2015)<ref>{{cite web
			| demographics1_title1 = ] (GDP)
	| url = https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/City%20and%20Municipal-level%20Small%20Area%20Poverty%20Estimates_%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015_0.xlsx
			| demographics1_info1 = ₱145.05 billion (2022)<ref name="gdpiloilo2021">{{Cite web|title=2022 Economic Performance of Highly Urbanized Cities Outside the National Capital Region|url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/2022-economic-performance-highly-urbanized-cities-outside-national-capital-region|access-date=2024-03-05|website=]|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305005218/https://psa.gov.ph/content/2022-economic-performance-highly-urbanized-cities-outside-national-capital-region|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>
	| title = PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates|location=Quezon City, Philippines
			$2.563 billion (2022)<ref name="imfdec2022phptousd">{{Cite web|title=PH₱56.598 per dollar (per International Monetary Fund on Representative Exchange Rates for Selected Currencies for December 2022)|url=https://www.imf.org/external/np/fin/data/rms_mth.aspx?SelectDate=2022-12-31&reportType=REP|access-date=2024-06-20|website=]}}</ref>
	| access-date = 12 October 2019}}</ref>
			| demographics1_title2 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
	| demographics1_title3 = ]
	| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}		| demographics1_info2 = {{PH wikidata|income_class}}
			| demographics1_title3 = ]
	| demographics1_title4 = Revenue Rank
			| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}}
	| demographics1_info4 =
			| demographics1_title4 = ]
	| demographics1_title5 = ]s
	| demographics1_info5 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}		| demographics1_info4 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}
			| demographics1_title5 = Revenue rank
	| demographics1_title6 = Assets Rank
			| demographics1_info5 =
	| demographics1_info6 =
			| demographics1_title6 = ]
	| demographics1_title7 = ]
	| demographics1_info7 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}		| demographics1_info6 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}
			| demographics1_title7 = ]
	| demographics1_title8 = Liabilities Rank
			| demographics1_info7 =
	| demographics1_info8 =
	| demographics1_title9 = ]		| demographics1_title8 = ]
	| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}		| demographics1_info8 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
			| demographics1_title9 =
	| demographics1_title10 = Expenditure Rank
			| demographics1_info9 =
	| demographics1_info10 =
			| demographics1_title10 = ]
	| demographics_type2 =
			| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
	| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
			| demographics_type2 = Service provider
	| demographics2_info1 =
			| demographics2_title1 = ]
	| demographics2_title2 = Water
			| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
	| demographics2_info2 =
			| demographics2_title2 = Water
	| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications
			| demographics2_info2 = Metro Pacific Iloilo Water (MPIW)
	| demographics2_info3 =
			| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications
	| demographics2_title4 = Cable TV
			| demographics2_info3 =
	| demographics2_info4 =
			| demographics2_title4 = Cable TV
	| demographics2_title5 =
			| demographics2_info4 =
	| demographics2_info5 =
			| demographics2_title5 =
	| demographics2_title6 =
			| demographics2_info5 =
	| demographics2_info6 =
			| demographics2_title6 =
	| demographics2_title7 =
			| demographics2_info6 =
	| demographics2_info7 =
			| demographics2_title7 =
	| demographics2_title8 =
			| demographics2_info7 =
	| demographics2_info8 =
			| demographics2_title8 =
	| demographics2_title9 =
			| demographics2_info8 =
	| demographics2_info9 =
			| demographics2_title9 =
	| demographics2_title10 =
			| demographics2_info9 =
	| demographics2_info10 =
			| demographics2_title10 =
	| blank_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}}
			| demographics2_info10 =
	| blank_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}}
			| blank_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}}
	| blank1_name_sec1 = ]
			| blank_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}}
	| blank1_info_sec1 = Hiligaynon
			| blank1_name_sec1 = ]
	| blank2_name_sec1 = ]
			| blank1_info_sec1 = ]
	| blank2_info_sec1 =
			| blank2_name_sec1 = ]
	| blank3_name_sec1 =
	| blank3_info_sec1 =		| blank2_info_sec1 =
	| blank4_name_sec1 =		| blank3_name_sec1 =
	| blank4_info_sec1 =		| blank3_info_sec1 =
	| blank5_name_sec1 =		| blank4_name_sec1 =
	| blank5_info_sec1 =		| blank4_info_sec1 =
	| blank6_name_sec1 =		| blank5_name_sec1 =
	| blank6_info_sec1 =		| blank5_info_sec1 =
	| blank7_name_sec1 =		| blank6_name_sec1 =
	| blank7_info_sec1 =		| blank6_info_sec1 =
			| blank7_name_sec1 =
	| blank1_name_sec2 = Major religions
	| blank1_info_sec2 =		| blank7_info_sec1 =
			| blank1_name_sec2 = Religions
	| blank2_name_sec2 = Feast date
	| blank2_info_sec2 =		| blank1_info_sec2 =
			| blank2_name_sec2 =
	| blank3_name_sec2 = Catholic diocese
			| blank2_info_sec2 =
	| blank3_info_sec2 =
			| blank3_name_sec2 = Catholic diocese
	| blank4_name_sec2 = Patron saint
			| blank3_info_sec2 = ]
	| blank4_info_sec2 = '']'' (Our Lady of the Candles) - Official Roman Catholic Patron of Western Visayas and Romblon.
			| blank4_name_sec2 = Patron saint
	| blank5_name_sec2 =
			| blank4_info_sec2 = '']'' (English: Our Lady of Purification and Candle)
	| blank5_info_sec2 =
	| blank6_name_sec2 =		| blank5_name_sec2 =
	| blank6_info_sec2 =		| blank5_info_sec2 =
	| blank7_name_sec2 =		| blank6_name_sec2 =
			| blank6_info_sec2 =
	| blank7_info_sec2 =
			| blank7_name_sec2 =
	| short_description =
			| blank7_info_sec2 =
	| footnotes =
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			'''Iloilo City''', officially the '''City of Iloilo''' ({{langx|hil|Dakbanwa sang Iloilo}}; {{langx|fil|Lungsod ng Iloilo}}), is a ] in the ] ] of the ], located on the southeastern coast of the island of ]. According to the 2020 census, Iloilo City has a population of 457,626 people, making it the most populous city in Western Visayas.{{PH census|2020}} For the ], the total population is 1,007,945 people.<ref name="migedc">{{cite web |title=Member Municipalities of Metro Iloilo–Guimaras |url=http://www.migedc.org.ph/main/members |publisher=MIGEDC: Metro-Iloilo–Guimaras Economic Development Council |accessdate=September 7, 2009 |archive-date=October 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029170422/http://www.migedc.org.ph/main/members |url-status=live }}</ref>
	'''Iloilo City''', officially the '''City of Iloilo''' (]: ''Ciudad de Iloílo''; ]: ''Syudad/Dakbanwa sang Iloilo''; {{lang-tl|Lungsod ng Iloilo}}), is a {{PH wikidata|income_class_ordinal}} ] on ] Island in ] (Region VI), ]. It is the capital city of the ] where it is geographically situated but, in terms of government and administration, it is politically independent. In addition, it is the center of the ], as well as the regional center and ] of the Western Visayas region. In the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}, Iloilo City had a population of {{PH wikidata|population_total}} inhabitants, with a 1.02% population annual growth rate.{{PH census|2015}} For the metropolitan area, the total population is 946,146 inhabitants.
			It is the largest city and capital of ] province, where the city is geographically situated and grouped under the ], but remains politically independent in terms of government and administration. In addition, it is the center of the ], as well as the regional center of the Western Visayas region. The city serves as the regional hub for education, culinary arts, religion, healthcare, tourism, culture, industry, governance, and economy.
	Iloilo City is a conglomeration of former towns, which are now the geo-political districts consisting of: ], ], ] (an independent city before), ], ] and ]. The district of ], a former part of La Paz, was declared a separate district in 2008.<ref name="thenewstoday.info">. Thenewstoday.info (22 December 2008). Retrieved on 7 November 2011.</ref>
	Founded in 1566 when the Spaniards established a settlement area between the towns of Oton and the city's present district of La Villa Rica de Arevalo (Villa de Arevalo), Iloilo City is the second Spanish colonial center after ] in the Philippine islands. It is one of the ''Royal Spanish Cities in the Philippines in the ]'' along with ] and Manila. An honorific royal title, "La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad" ("The Most Loyal and Noble City") was given by Queen Regent of Spain, Maria Christina, through the city's loyalty to the Spanish crown during the Philippine revolution, the second city to have such byname in the country after the ] in the Spanish colonial era ].
			The city is a ] of former towns, now organized as ]. These districts include ], ], ] (an independent city before), ], ], ], and ] (declared a separate district in 2008).<ref name="thenewstoday.info"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032606/http://www.thenewstoday.info/2008/12/22/city.to.recognize.lapuz.as.separate.district.from.la.paz.html |date=March 26, 2023 }}. Thenewstoday.info (December 22, 2008). Retrieved on November 7, 2011.</ref>
	A second to the primate city of Manila at the turn of the 20th century in economy, foreign and local commercial establishments lines the whole stretch of ''Calle Real'' (Iloilo's Escolta and old business district), an agricultural experimental station established at La Paz in 1888, a school of arts and trades which opened in 1891, and a telephone network system operating in the metropolis in 1894.
			In 1566, the Spanish settled in Iloilo, establishing it as one of the oldest Spanish colonial centers in the Philippines. The city was bestowed with the honorific title ''"La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad"'' (The Most Loyal and Noble City) by ] ] and served as the last capital of the ] in ],''<ref name="Inquirer-Badge">{{cite news |last1=Burgos |first1=Nestor P. Jr. |date=June 11, 2015 |title=Groups see Iloilo title as 'badge of betrayal' |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697568/groups-see-iloilo-title-as-badge-of-betrayal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613014535/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697568/groups-see-iloilo-title-as-badge-of-betrayal |archive-date=June 13, 2015 |access-date=April 14, 2019 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}}</ref>''<ref name="The end of the Spanish Empire in Iloilo"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028051344/https://opinion.inquirer.net/94061/end-spanish-empire-iloilo/amp |date=October 28, 2021 }}. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref> as well as the capital of the short-lived ].<ref name="greater2">{{cite web |title=Greater Philippines:Captaincy General of the Philippines |url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/7824-evolution-of-the-revolution/ |access-date=18 December 2017 |website=Presidential Museum and Library |archive-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015013138/http://malacanang.gov.ph/7824-evolution-of-the-revolution/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In modern times, Iloilo City remains prominent in the country, with its Spanish influence still highly evident in its architecture, culture, cuisine, and historical landmarks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iloilo City History {{!}} Tourist Spots, Language and Festivals {{!}} Philippines Cities |url=https://philippinescities.com/iloilo-city2/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123113848/https://philippinescities.com/iloilo-city2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Funtecha |first=Henry F. |date=September 7, 2007 |title=Communication facilities in Iloilo, early 20th C. |url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2007/09/07/communication.facilities.in.iloilo.early.20th.c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927035600/http://www.thenewstoday.info/2007/09/07/communication.facilities.in.iloilo.early.20th.c.html |archive-date=2022-09-27 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=www.thenewstoday.info}}</ref>
	Iloilo is the last capital of Spanish Empire in Asia and the Pacific before the Philippines was ceded to the United States in 1898 through the ].<ref name="The end of the Spanish Empire in Iloilo">. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref>
	The city is the site of the ], the seat of Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas and ''the first National Shrine dedicated to Marian devotion in Visayas and Mindanao'' (2nd National Shrine after the one in Cebu); the ], one of the oldest and largest archdioceses in the country founded as a parish in 1587; and ] (]), ''the first marian image crowned personally without a papal legate by a pope and saint in the Philippines and Asia'' (by ]).<ref name="Feast of Our Lady of Candelaria, and Presentation of the Lord">. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref>
			Known for dishes like ], ], ], ], and ], Iloilo City has been recognized as the first ] ] in the Philippines.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mallard |first=Thomas |date=October 31, 2023 |title=55 new cities join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network on World Cities Day |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/55-new-cities-join-unesco-creative-cities-network-world-cities-day?fbclid=IwAR3uAGKqlFRy_HV5pQemQNikhFuWKizYqT1yp742kqDT-qK-ErwlhBOmAyQ |url-status=live |journal=UNESCO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324061920/https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/55-new-cities-join-unesco-creative-cities-network-world-cities-day?fbclid=IwAR3uAGKqlFRy_HV5pQemQNikhFuWKizYqT1yp742kqDT-qK-ErwlhBOmAyQ |archive-date=March 24, 2024 |access-date=October 31, 2023}}</ref> The city is also home to several prominent institutions, including ], established with funding from ] as the first ] and the second ] and ]-founded university in the country and Asia. It is globally recognized in rankings by ], ], and AppliedHE.<ref name="CPU enrolment figures surpass that of last school year2"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026122017/https://cpu.edu.ph/news/cpu-enrolment-figures-surpass-that-of-last-school-year/|date=October 26, 2020}}. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref><ref name="QS Asia University Rankings 2023"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322173427/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asia-university-rankings/2023|date=March 22, 2023}}. Retrieved 07-03-2023.</ref> It is also known for housing the ] ] Chant Recordings.<ref name="UNESCO’s Memory of the World (MOW) Regional Register inscribes 20 new items in recognition of human innovation and imagination in Asia-Pacific">. Retrieved June-08-2024.</ref><ref name="Hinilawod Records of Jocano inscribe in the UNESCO MOWCAP">. Retrieved 06-08-2024.</ref>
	The city is the regional hub of education, culinary, religion, healthcare, tourism, culture, industry and economy in Western Visayas. A thriving academic center, Iloilo City is a melting pot which draws foreign and local students from various parts of the country and abroad. ] (CPU), a university founded by ] Protestants through a grant of ] as the first Baptist and second American institution of higher learning in Asia, attracts 14,000 enrolees from different parts of the Philippines and twenty-seven foreign countries annually, the largest in the Western Visayan region.<ref name="CPU enrolment figures surpass that of last school year">. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref> CPU is also the first institution in the said region to be ranked as one of the top and best Asian and global universities by ], one of the big two world university ranking agencies after ].<ref name="14 Philippine universities among world’s best in QS 2021 ranking"/> As one of the culinary capitals of the Philippine islands, Iloilo is famous for ], ], Laswa and Kansi. Several regional national government offices, financial institutions and government-owned and controlled corporations held offices in the city. The ], held every January, and ] (Fiesta de Jaro), one of the largest Philippine marian festivities,<ref name="Feast of Our Lady of Candelaria, and Presentation of the Lord"/> are two of the known cultural and religious festivals the city is flocked and renowned for in the country.<ref name="DINAGYANG 2020: Festival of Ilonggo faith">. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref>
			Iloilo City is also popular for the ], well-preserved ], centuries-old ], ], ], and ] and ] architecture buildings, as well as being the center of ] devotion in the Philippines.
	== History ==
	{{See also|History of the Philippines|Irong-Irong}}
			==Etymology==
	=== Period of Malay Mass Migration ===
	{{see also | Greater India | Indosphere | Chola invasion of Srivijaya}}
			{{see also|Nicknames of Iloilo City}}The name "Iloilo" is derived from the older name "Ilong-ilong" (]: ''Ilong̃-ílong̃'') meaning "nose-like", referring to the ] between two rivers (] and ]) where the ] and the 17th-century Spanish port were located.<ref name="de Mentrida">{{cite book |last1=de Mentrida |first1=Alonso |title=Diccionario De La Lengua Bisaya, Hiligueina Y Haraya de la isla de Panay |date=1841 |publisher=En La Imprenta De D. Manuel Y De D. Felis Dayot |pages=202–203 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQ1aAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA203 |access-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425112738/https://books.google.com/books?id=QQ1aAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Doeppers">{{cite book |last1=Doeppers |first1=Daniel F. |editor1-last=Frost |editor1-first=Lionel |title=Urbanization and the Pacific World, 1500–1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |chapter=The Development of Philippine Cities Before 1900 |isbn=9781351876346 |series=Lands, Peoples, and History of the Pacific, 1500–1900 |volume=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Law |first1=Gwillim |title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998 |date=2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9781476604473 |page=289 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA289 |access-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425112742/https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA289#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Romuáldez">{{cite book |last1=Romuáldez |first1=Norberto |title=A Bisayan Grammar and Notes on Bisayan Rhetoric and Poetics and Filipino Dialectology |date=1908 |publisher=Pag Pahayag Co. |location=Tacloban |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b6ITAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30 |access-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425112826/https://books.google.com/books?id=b6ITAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
	Cruel rule of a certain Rajah Makatunao, the ] sailed to the island which they named ], Pani or Panae (shortened word for Ananipay) as part of Visayan Empire. The Malayan Datus offered a golden hat (]) and a long pearl necklace called ''Manangyad'' in the ] (meaning a long necklace that touches or "nagasangyad" the ground) as a ] to the ] to allow them entry and habitation of the island. The Datus founded the ] ] consisted of several settlements called wanua/Benua/Banwa as corroborated by ].
			== History ==
	Some historians also affirm the Sumatran origin of the people of Panay, observing that the ] derived their ] from those of ], Borneo, Celebes, Ancient Java and from the ] emperor ].<ref name="auto4">{{cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/lasislasvisayase00reye|title=Las islas Visayas en la epoca de la conquista|first=Isabelo de los|last=Reyes y Florentino|date=15 October 1889|publisher=Manila : Tipo-litografia de Chofre y ca.|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
			=== Pre-colonial period ===
			{{See also|Hinilawod}}
			{{multiple image
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	The very probable proof of Sumatran origin of the Malay settlement in Panay is the account of P. Francisco Colin, S.J, a historian who came to Asia during the early years of the Spanish conquest of the Philippines. The following is his personal observation recorded during his visit to Sumatra:
			Little is known historically about the region prior to the arrival of the Spanish. In ''Historia natural del sitio, fertilidad y calidad de las Islas e Indios de Bisayas'' (1668), the ] missionary ] (1668) identifies the origin of the ] of "Oton" (]) as the island of ], which correlates with the ] of the ].<ref name="Zorc">{{cite book |last1=Zorc |first1=R.D. |editor1-first=Keith |editor1-last=Brown |editor2-first=Sarah |editor2-last=Ogilvie |title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World |date=2010 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780080877754 |page=492 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA492 |access-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425112810/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA492#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
			Numerous legends however, exist on the origins of the ]. Among them is the epic '']'' by Pedro Monteclaro (first published in 1907), which describes how ten '']'' and their families, led by Datu Puti, left the "kingdom of ]" to escape the cruel reign of Sultan Makatunaw. They arrived in the island of Panay and negotiated a sale of the lowlands with King Marikudo of the ]. The price is said to be a golden ] for Marikudo and a long golden necklace for his queen, Maniwan-tiwan. A pact of friendship was then forged between the two peoples, and the Atis performed their native songs and dances, which is then said to be the origin of the ]. According to Augustinian Friar Rev. Fr. Santaren recording in the Spanish era of this Pre-Spanish legendary history, that Datu Macatunao or Rajah Makatunao who was the "sultan of the Moros," and a relative of Datu Puti who seized the properties and riches of the ten datus was eventually killed by the warriors named Labaodungon and Paybare, after learning of this injustice from their father-in-law Paiburong (Datu of Iloilo), sailed to Odtojan in Borneo where Makatunaw ruled. The warriors sacked the city, killed Makatunaw and his family, retrieved the stolen properties of the 10 datus, enslaved the remaining population of Odtojan, and sailed back to Panay. Labaw Donggon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, later settled in a place called ].<ref name="Talaguit" /> The ''Maragtas'' also goes on to describe other settlements by "] ''datu''" in other areas in the ] and ].<ref name="Scott"/><ref name="Duka"/>
	{{quote|"In the middle of Sumatra, there is a spacious and extensive lake (presumably ] near Pannai), around the shore of which many and several ethnic groups settle from where, in the past, there was a forced exodus of inhabitants to sail to and to settle in various islands. One of these ethnic groups was subjugated there and they were unable to flee for various circumstances. Someone speaking Pampango (which I heard before) found out that they were not speaking Pampango among themselves, but they (the Malays of Sumatra) donned the old Pampango ethnic costume. And when he addressed an old man among them, the replied: ''You are descendants of the lost, that in times past left this place to settle in other lands, and nothing was heard about them again.''"|author=|title=|source=}}
			While once widely accepted and included in school textbooks, ''Maragtas'' (as well as the ]) is now regarded by modern scholars to be an early 20th century ]. The historicity of the epic was first challenged by the historian ] in 1968.<ref name="Scott">{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=William Henry |title=Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine Histor |date=1968 |publisher=University of Santo Tomas Press |location=Manila |isbn=978-9711002275}}</ref> Scott successfully defended his criticism before a panel of experts in Filipino history (including ], ], etc.), some of whom had once promoted the inclusion of ''Maragtas'' in books on Philippine history.<ref name="Duka">{{cite book |last1=Duka |first1=Cecilio D. |title=Struggle for Freedom' 2008 Ed. |date=2008 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc |isbn=9789712350450 |pages=21–23}}</ref>
	So, Colin concluded that the Tagalogs and Pampangos, and other political or ethnic groups (Visayans and other related civilized groups), by symbols used in expressing language, by color of dress and costume, one can believe that these came from parts of Borneo and Sumatra.<ref name="auto4"/> The phrase "subjugated ethnic groups" gives hint to the encroaching of the Majapahit Empire into the falling Srivijaya Empire, or perhaps to the Islamization of Sumatra, forcing the inhabitants to look for safer territories where they could preserve their freedom and culture. This resonates with the local Panay tradition regarding the arrival of ten ]s from Borneo.
			A more recent 2019 thesis, ''"Mga Maragtas ng Panay: Comparative Analysis of Documents about the Bornean Settlement Tradition"'' (Talaguit, 2019)<ref name="Talaguit">{{cite thesis |last=Talaguit |first=Christian Jeo N. |date=2019 |title=Mga Maragtas ng Panay: Comparative Analysis of Documents about the Bornean Settlement Tradition |publisher=De La Salle University |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/64637113/Maragtas%20Paper_Revised_No%20pics.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> has uncovered a slightly earlier account of the Bornean migration myth by the Augustinian Friar, Rev. Fr. Tomas Santaren. His account, ''Bisayan Accounts of Early Bornean Settlements'', was first published in 1902 as an appendix to the book ''Igorrotes: estudio geográfico y etnográfico sobre algunos distritos del norte de Luzon'' by Fr. Angel Perez. Santaren's account is allegedly a direct Spanish translation from two manuscripts acquired from locals in Iloilo sometime after 1858 when he was stationed there. The details on Santaren's account corroborate most of Monteclaro's. However, the manuscripts that Santaren translated from were presumably only written during the colonial era in romanized ], since pre-colonial Visayans transmitted history via oral tradition, not in writing. Thus it is still unlikely that they are of pre-colonial origin. It is, however, accurate to regard the ''Maragtas'' (or at least elements of it) as being derived from local folk history, rather than authentic history or simply fabrications by Monteclaro.<ref name="Talaguit"/><ref>Tomas Santaren, Bisayan Accounts of Early Bornean Settlements in the Philippines, trans by Enriqueta Fox, (Chicago: University of Chicago, Philippine Studies Program, 1954), ii.</ref>
	The kingdom of Pannai was a militant-nation allied under the Srivijaya ] that defended the conflict-ridden ], the world's busiest maritime choke-point.
			There was a mention of Iloilo's current town of Oton in Yuan Dynasty records in the 1300s when Oton was called in ] {{zh|t=|poj=A-tân|l=|c=啞陳|s=|p=}}.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213131445/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/228735802.pdf |date=February 13, 2023 }} By Wang Zhenping Page 256.</ref>
	The Visayan lore says that in the 13th century, ] came to the island which they named Panay, Pani or Panae (after the fallen kingdom of Pannai or a shortening of the Ati word for the island, Ananipay). This, after they dissented from the unjust rule of a certain Rajah Makatunao and exiled themselves. Upon arriving on the island of Panay, they gave a golden hat (salakot) and a long pearl necklace called ''Manangyad'' in the Hiligaynon language (meaning a long necklace that touches or "nagasangyad" the ground) as a peace offering and treaty-items to the ] natives of the island. It was said that it was also a way of the ten Bornean datus to barter the flat lands of Panay from the Ati. One datu, named Paiburong, was given the territory of Irong-Irong (cf. also Kedatuan of Madja-as). The noble people of Panay (and thus Iloilo City) claim descent from these idealistic rebel royals and their few faithful and loyal soldiers who chose to abandon a wealthy but oppressed life under a foreign empire in Sumatra and Borneo and instead, build a state that was truer to their ideals in Panay island. The ] centered in Panay island eventually grew a powerful and strong naval presence that it rivaled the nearby states of the ], The ] and the ] when it came to wealth and prestige.<ref>http://vicilongo.weebly.com/</ref>
	In Panay, according to Friar Gaspar de San Agustín, O.S.A., "...in the ancient times, there was a trading center and a court of the most illustrious nobility in the whole island."<ref>Mamuel Merino, O.S.A., ed., ''Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas (1565–1615)'', Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1975, pp. 374–376.</ref>		In Panay, according to Friar Gaspar de San Agustín, O.S.A., "...in the ancient times, there was a trading center and a court of the most illustrious nobility in the whole island."<ref>Mamuel Merino, O.S.A., ed., ''Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas (1565–1615)'', Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1975, pp. 374–376.</ref>
	By the 14th century, under Datu Padojinog, this state had grown so powerful militarily and economically, their naval power regularly threatened Chinese Imperial shipping. This was so much so, that the Chuan-chou gazetteer specifically reported that the Pisheya/Bisaya (another term for people from Irong-Irong) consistently made devastating raids against the Empire's commerce.<ref>Chuan-chou Fu-chi (Ch.10) Year 1612</ref>
	=== Early Spanish colonial period ===		=== Early Spanish colonial period ===
	]
			].]]
	In 1519, ] I already acquired and inherited Catholic kingdoms. He is the King of all Spain, ] and Holy Roman Emperor, ] and ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Catalonia, Valencia, Naples, two Sicilies, Corsica and Sardinia. King of the Western and Eastern Indies, of the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea. ], ] and Hungary. He commissioned Ferdinand Magellan to circumnavigate the globe especially to establish International Trade in Spice Island. The dangerous and uncertain voyage as 5 ships with 270 men departs from Seville and by 1520, the expedition have traversed for months calm ] or Peaceful.<ref>Laurence Bergreen, Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe HarperCollins Publishers </ref> The mountains of Samar and Leyte was visible as they drew closed which the crew called " Las Velas " or the Sails. They disembark in unpopulated ] for a week from a long journey for food and water and called the place as " Buenas Senas" or good sign. They navigated through Strait of Siargapo and landed ] and received peacefully by locals. Delighted, the Spaniards planted a cross on a hill and first mass was celebrated. It was the first Spanish settlement and the birthplace of Christianity in the Philippines. The locals introduced to visit another kinsman chieftain along the ]. King of ] received the Spaniards on 8 April 1521. Returning to Limasawa, The Prince of Limasawa also told them about 3 powerful ] - in Sugbu, Yrong-yrong and Tondo. On 17 March 1521, Magellan named newly discovered Island as " Las islas de San Lázaro " . By 7 April, Magellan arrived in Sugbu . . Datu Zula of Mactan sent Magellan 2 goats.
			In 1519, King ] already acquired and inherited Catholic kingdoms. He was the King of all Spain, ] and Holy Roman Emperor, ] and ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Catalonia, Valencia, Naples, two Sicilies, Corsica and Sardinia. King of the Western and Eastern Indies, of the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea. ], ] and Hungary. He commissioned Ferdinand Magellan to circumnavigate the globe especially to establish International Trade in Spice Island. The dangerous and uncertain voyage as 5 ships with 270 men departs from Seville and by 1520, the expedition have traversed for months calm ] or Peaceful.<ref>Laurence Bergreen, Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe HarperCollins Publishers </ref> The mountains of Samar and Leyte was visible as they drew closed which the crew called " Las Velas " or the Sails. They disembark in unpopulated ] for a week from a long journey for food and water and call the place "Buenas Senas" or good sign. They navigated through the Strait of Siargapo and at landed ] and were received peacefully by locals. Delighted, the Spaniards planted a cross on a hill and the first mass was celebrated. It was the first Spanish settlement and the birthplace of Christianity in the Philippines. The locals were introduced to visit another kinsman chieftain along the ]. The King of ] received the Spaniards on April 8, 1521. Returning to Limasawa, The Prince of Limasawa also told them about 3 powerful ] – in Sugbu, Yrong-yrong and Tondo. On March 17, 1521, Magellan named the newly discovered Island as " Las islas de San Lázaro". By April 7, Magellan arrived in Sugbu. Datu Zula of Mactan sent Magellan 2 goats.
	{{quote|text="''On Friday, April twenty-six, Zula, the second chief of the island of Mactan, sent one of his sons to present two goats to the captain-general, and to say that he would send him all that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to him because of the other chief Lapu-Lapu, who refused to obey the king of Spain.''"<ref name="Nowell 1962">{{cite book | last =Nowell | first =Charles E. | title =Magellan's Voyage Around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts | url =https://archive.org/details/magellansvoyage00pigagoog | publisher =Northwestern University Press | year =1962 }}</ref>}}
			{{blockquote|text="''On Friday, April twenty-six, Zula, the second chief of the island of Mactan, sent one of his sons to present two goats to the captain-general, and to say that he would send him all that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to him because of the other chief Lapu-Lapu, who refused to obey the king of Spain.''"<ref name="Nowell 1962">{{cite book | last =Nowell | first =Charles E. | title =Magellan's Voyage Around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts | url =https://archive.org/details/magellansvoyage00pigagoog | publisher =Northwestern University Press | year =1962 }}</ref>}}
	Humabon tricked Magellan to kill ], the Datu or chieftain of nearby ].<ref>Nowell, Charles E. (1962). Magellan's Voyage Around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts. Northwestern University Press.</ref> The men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did not engage in battle with Lapu-Lapu. Magellan was hit by a poisoned arrow he turned toward his men who are returning to the ships and fell down. The next day, ] of Sugbu offered a Banquet for Spaniards. Twenty-seven Spanish sailors died due to poisoning by Cebuanos. Rajah Humabon restored friendly relations with Lapu-Lapu, as he is married to Hara Humamay, Lapu-lapu niece.
			Humabon tricked Magellan to kill ], the Datu or chieftain of nearby ].<ref>Nowell, Charles E. (1962). Magellan's Voyage Around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts. Northwestern University Press.</ref> The men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did not engage in battle with Lapu-Lapu. Magellan was hit by a poisoned arrow he turned toward his men who were returning to the ships and fell down. The next day, ] of Sugbu offered a Banquet for Spaniards. Twenty-seven Spanish sailors died due to poisoning by Cebuanos. Rajah Humabon restored friendly relations with Lapu-Lapu, as he is married to Hara Humamay, Lapu-lapu niece.
	Under Philip II, in 1565, the Spaniards in Mexico returned to Cebu to avenge Magellan's death against the treachery of Cebuanos. ] pillaged and burned houses in Cebu for days. Cebuanos retreated, fearing the heavily armored Spaniards now with formidable reformed-infantry called ] composed of ], ] and ].<ref>Scott, William Henry (1992) p. 48</ref> Miguel López de Legazpi directed ] along with Spanish Friar ] and other Augustinian missionaries to look for food. They disembarked in ] and established a temporary settlement in Araut somewhere in ]. In 1566, they founded a settlement in the areas between Ogtong (]) and the present-day ] district of Iloilo City. Though founded in 1566, Oton, which forms a big part of the area in the said settlement with Arevalo, was established formally in 1572 as the second official (third after the town of Oton) ] colonial outpost after ]).
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	| footer = Images from the ] (c. 1595), illustrating an ancient ]s of ] during their first contact with the Spaniards. The Visayans of Panay wore clothing over themselves compared to the Cebuanos which the Spaniards called "''Pintados''" for the tattoos that adorned their exposed bodies.
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			Under Philip II, in 1565, the Spaniards in Mexico returned to Cebu to avenge Magellan's death against the treachery of Cebuanos. ] pillaged and burned houses in Cebu for days. Cebuanos retreated, fearing the heavily armored Spaniards now with formidable reformed-infantry called ] composed of ], ] and ].<ref>Scott, William Henry (1992) p. 48</ref> Miguel López de Legazpi directed ] along with Spanish Friar ] and other Augustinian missionaries to look for food. They disembarked in ] and established a temporary settlement in Araut somewhere in ]. In 1566, they founded a settlement in the areas between Ogtong (]) and the present-day ] district of Iloilo City. Though founded in 1566, Oton, which forms a big part of the area in the said settlement with Arevalo, was established formally in 1572 as the second official ] colonial outpost after ]. The city was founded by 80 pure Spaniards from Europe<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38269/38269-h/38269-h.htm#xd19e3408| title = A History of the Philippines by David P. Barrows| quote = In the Bisayas were the Cities of the Holy Name of God (Cebu), and on the island of Panay, Arévalo (or Iloilo). The first maintained something of the importance attaching to the first Spanish settlement. It had its stone fort and was also the seat of a bishopric. It was visited by trading-vessels from the Moluccas, and by permit of the king enjoyed for a time the unusual privilege of sending annually a ship loaded with merchandise to New Spain. Arévalo had about eighty Spanish inhabitants, and a monastery of the Augustinians.| access-date = January 15, 2022| archive-date = February 8, 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190208005625/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38269/38269-h/38269-h.htm#xd19e3408| url-status = live}}</ref> and was reinforced by a consecutive number of 66, 50, 169, and then another 169 ] from Latin America during the years 1603, 1636, 1670, and 1672.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603111934/https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 |date=June 3, 2018 }} AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r –428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r –41 v .</ref> In 1586, it welcomed 20 Spanish ]s and the garrison was reinforced by 30 Spanish and/or Mexican soldiers.<ref></ref> Later in the 1700s, Iloilo was home to 166 ] families and 29,723 native families.<ref name="Estadismo2"></ref>{{rp|113}}
	Unlike the ] ] who were neutral to the Spaniards or the partially Islamized ] of Manila who were more hostile, the people of ] welcomed the ]ns as allies since at that time period, Madja-as was locked in a war against the invading Muslims, especially with the ] and its vassal states, the Sultanate of Sulu and the Kingdom of Maynila which, according to Spanish Governor-General ], are their blood-cousins.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://muys.blogspot.com/2013/12/administration-of-law-and-justice-in.html|title=The Administration of the Law and Justice in Brunei before the British Part V (''The Borneo Bulletin'' on December 7, 2013 continued with BA Hussaimiya's article on the Legal History of Brunei Darussalam).|access-date=29 October 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The people then fervently accepted Christianity as they supplied the bulk of the mercenaries used in the conquest of partially Islamized Manila, whose rulers were related to the Sultan of Brunei.<ref>{{Harvnb|Saunders|2002|p=57}}</ref>
			Unlike the ] ] who were neutral to the Spaniards or the partially Islamized ] of Manila who were more hostile, the people of ] welcomed the ]ns as allies since at that time period, Madja-as was locked in a war against the invading Muslims, especially with the ] and its vassal states, the Sultanate of Sulu and the Kingdom of Maynila which, according to Spanish Governor-General ], are their blood-cousins.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://muys.blogspot.com/2013/12/administration-of-law-and-justice-in.html|title=The Administration of the Law and Justice in Brunei before the British Part V (''The Borneo Bulletin'' on December 7, 2013 continued with BA Hussaimiya's article on the Legal History of Brunei Darussalam).|access-date=October 29, 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The people then fervently accepted Christianity as they supplied the bulk of the mercenaries used in the conquest of partially Islamized Manila, whose rulers were related to the Sultan of Brunei.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Saunders |first1=Graham E. |title=A History of Brunei |date=2002 |page=57 |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |isbn=978-0-7007-1698-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQ4t_OJgSjAC |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425112741/https://books.google.com/books?id=SQ4t_OJgSjAC |url-status=live }}</ref>
	When the Spaniards came to the Visayas, they noted that the pirates among them were more terrifying than the Mohammedans of Jolo and Mindanao. All year long, after the harvest, they would sail toward faraway places to hunt slaves and make surprise attacks on settlements. Those who did not live along the rivers, would make their raids in the months of February, March, April, October and November, going deeper into the interior parts of the islands, sacking the villages. These raiding expeditions are called ''panggubat'' (noun) or ''manggubat'' (gerund verb form).<ref name="auto4"/>
			When the Spaniards came to the Visayas, they noted that the pirates among them were more terrifying than the Mohammedans of Jolo and Mindanao. All year long, after the harvest, they would sail toward faraway places to hunt slaves and make surprise attacks on settlements. Those who did not live along the rivers, would make their raids in the months of February, March, April, October and November, going deeper into the interior parts of the islands, sacking the villages. These raiding expeditions are called ''panggubat'' (noun) or ''manggubat'' (gerund verb form).<ref name="auto4">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/lasislasvisayase00reye|title=Las islas Visayas en la epoca de la conquista|first=Isabelo de los|last=Reyes y Florentino|date=October 15, 1889|publisher=Manila: Tipo-litografia de Chofre y ca.|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
			] in 1738, formerly called ''Fortificación de Nuestra Señora del Rosario en el Puerto de Yloylo, Provincia de Oton'', in the early 1700s.]]
	]
	However, upon Christianization and Hispanization, the fiercest slave-raiders among the Philippine islands, the people Panay and the other Christianized peoples of the archipelago were converted and reformed and they abandoned the practice of slaving, piracy and raiding and contented themselves to be simple soldiers or farmers.<ref>Schwalbenberg, Henry M. "The Economics of Pre-Hispanic Visayan Slave Raiding," Philippine Studies 42, no. 3 (1994) 376-84.</ref><ref>Salman, Michael. "Resisting Slavery in the Philippines: Ambivalent Domestication and the Reversibility of Comparisons," Slavery & Abolition 25 no. 2 (2004) 30.</ref>		However, upon Christianization and Hispanization, the fiercest slave-raiders among the Philippine islands, the people Panay and the other Christianized peoples of the archipelago were converted and reformed and they abandoned the practice of slaving, piracy and raiding and contented themselves to be simple soldiers or farmers.<ref>Schwalbenberg, Henry M. "The Economics of Pre-Hispanic Visayan Slave Raiding," Philippine Studies 42, no. 3 (1994) 376-84.</ref><ref>Salman, Michael. "Resisting Slavery in the Philippines: Ambivalent Domestication and the Reversibility of Comparisons," Slavery & Abolition 25 no. 2 (2004) 30.</ref>
	In 1581, Ronquillo moved the colonial center from Ogtong to approximately {{convert|12|km}} eastward due to recurrent raids by ] pirates and Dutch and English privateers. He renamed this new colonial seat ''La Villa Rica de Arévalo'' in honor of his hometown in ].<ref name=monografias>{{cite book |title= Monografias de los pueblos de la Isla de Pan-ay |last=Fernández |first=Juan |author2=Jose Espinoza Jr. |year=2006 | publisher= University of San Agustin Publishing House | location= Iloilo City | isbn= 978-971-0381-05-0 |page=220 }}</ref> Ronquillo also settled groups of Spanish and Mexican soldiers to become the first colonists of Arevalo as he built his mansion in the area.<ref>"A History of the Philippines by David P. Barrows" Page 147. The few years of Ronquillo's reign were in other ways important. A colony of Spaniards was established at Oton, on the island of Panay, which was given the name of Arévalo (Iloilo).</ref> The Chinese traders supplying the colonists then established themselves in Iloilo's ''parian'' ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iloilocity.gov.ph/iloiloct2011wip/aboutiloilocity.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121223609/http://iloilocity.gov.ph/iloiloct2011wip/aboutiloilocity.php |archive-date=21 January 2012 }}</ref> Meanwhile, ] was soon filled up with various kinds of mestizos (Mixed raced people) and ] hosted the growing Indian community near the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldgurudwaras.com/phillipines/nanak-darbar-iloilo-inc|title=Nanak Darbar, Iloilo, Inc - Gurudwaras of World|work=Gurudwaras of World}}</ref>		In 1581, Ronquillo moved the colonial center from Ogtong to approximately {{convert|12|km}} eastward due to recurrent raids by ] pirates and Dutch and English privateers. He renamed this new colonial seat ''La Villa Rica de Arévalo'' in honor of his hometown in ].<ref name=monografias>{{cite book |title= Monografias de los pueblos de la Isla de Pan-ay |last=Fernández |first=Juan |author2=Jose Espinoza Jr. |year=2006 | publisher= University of San Agustin Publishing House | location= Iloilo City | isbn= 978-971-0381-05-0 |page=220 }}</ref> Ronquillo also settled groups of Spanish and Mexican soldiers to become the first colonists of Arevalo as he built his mansion in the area.<ref>"A History of the Philippines by David P. Barrows" Page 147. The few years of Ronquillo's reign were in other ways important. A colony of Spaniards was established at Oton, on the island of Panay, which was given the name of Arévalo (Iloilo).</ref> The Chinese traders supplying the colonists then established themselves in Iloilo's ''parian'' ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iloilocity.gov.ph/iloiloct2011wip/aboutiloilocity.php |title=Iloilo...My City...My Pride|access-date=January 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121223609/http://iloilocity.gov.ph/iloiloct2011wip/aboutiloilocity.php |archive-date=January 21, 2012 }}</ref> Meanwhile, ] was soon filled up with various kinds of mestizos (Mixed raced people), ] district was where devotees to the Mexican-made image of ], congregated; and ] hosted the growing Indian community near the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldgurudwaras.com/phillipines/nanak-darbar-iloilo-inc|title=Nanak Darbar, Iloilo, Inc – Gurudwaras of World|work=Gurudwaras of World|date=January 5, 2021|access-date=December 25, 2018|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083404/http://www.worldgurudwaras.com/phillipines/nanak-darbar-iloilo-inc|url-status=live}}</ref>
	At the early days of the Spanish period; the first Manila Galleons were originally constructed at the port of Oton to the west of Iloilo. Since there was no precedent in Spain for the immensity of a Manila-Galleon, it could be argued that the proto-type Manila galleons were of Visayan design since the Visayans were already constructing huge multi-masted 4 to 5 decked caracoas in their wars against the other kingdoms and thus, the technical know-how to construct the first Manila galleons was an amelioration of Visayan shipbuilding with Spanish shipbuilding. Oton built the first Manila galleons before operations were eventually transferred to the ] and ] shipyards.		In the early days of the Spanish period; the first Manila Galleons were originally constructed at the port of Oton to the west of Iloilo. Since there was no precedent in Spain for the immensity of a Manila-Galleon, it could be argued that the proto-type Manila galleons were of Visayan design since the Visayans were already constructing huge multi-masted 4 to 5 decked caracoas in their wars against the other kingdoms and thus, the technical know-how to construct the first Manila galleons was an amelioration of Visayan shipbuilding with Spanish shipbuilding. Oton built the first Manila galleons before operations were eventually transferred to the ] and ] shipyards.
	=== 1600s–1700s ===		=== 1600s–1700s ===
Line 262:		Line 300:
	In the year 1600, a large Muslim attack on Iloilo City was launched, with a force of 70 ships and 4,000 warriors, raiding and attacking several Visayan islands in order to abduct slaves. However, the attack was repulsed by a force of 1,000 Visayan warriors and 70 Mexican arquebusiers under the command of the Don Juan Garcia de Sierra (the Spanish ''alcalde mayor''), who died in battle.<ref>''Philippines: A Unique Nation'' By Dr. Sonia M. Zaide (2015) p. 150. </ref> With the increase in Moro incursions toward the end of the sixteenth century, Spanish defenses in the Visayas were strengthened by the construction of a fort at Iloilo staffed by two companies of (Mexican) soldiers.<ref>San Agustín, Conquistas, lib. 2 cap 37: 545</ref>		In the year 1600, a large Muslim attack on Iloilo City was launched, with a force of 70 ships and 4,000 warriors, raiding and attacking several Visayan islands in order to abduct slaves. However, the attack was repulsed by a force of 1,000 Visayan warriors and 70 Mexican arquebusiers under the command of the Don Juan Garcia de Sierra (the Spanish ''alcalde mayor''), who died in battle.<ref>''Philippines: A Unique Nation'' By Dr. Sonia M. Zaide (2015) p. 150. </ref> With the increase in Moro incursions toward the end of the sixteenth century, Spanish defenses in the Visayas were strengthened by the construction of a fort at Iloilo staffed by two companies of (Mexican) soldiers.<ref>San Agustín, Conquistas, lib. 2 cap 37: 545</ref>
	In 1635, in an effort to check the Islamic slave-raiding into the Visayas islands, the Christian Visayans from Iloilo together with Spanish officers and their Latino soldiers from ]<ref> (Zamboanga City History)		In 1635, in an effort to check the Islamic slave-raiding into the Visayas islands, the Christian Visayans from Iloilo together with Spanish officers and their Latino soldiers from ]<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228083013/https://www.zamboanga.com/html/history_1634_moro_attacks.htm |date=February 28, 2021 }} (Zamboanga City History)
	"He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reinforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom."</ref> soon founded ] and settled in it, using it as a fortress to prevent Moro attacks in the Visayas, and as a staging ground for Christian campaigns into Muslim Mindanao.		"He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reinforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom."</ref> soon founded ] and settled in it, using it as a fortress to prevent Moro attacks in the Visayas, and as a staging ground for Christian campaigns into Muslim Mindanao.
	In 1700, due to ever-increasing attacks especially from the Dutch and the Moros, the Spaniards again moved their seat of power some {{Convert|25|km|0|abbr=off}} eastward to the village of Irong-Irong, which had natural and strategic defense against raids. At the mouth of the river that snakes through Panay, the Spaniards built the ''Fortificación de Nuestra Señora del Rosario en el Puerto de Yloylo, Provincia de Oton''<ref>''Planos de las Plazas, Presidios, y Fortificaciones en todo el Distrito de las Provincias, que sugeta al Real Dominio en las Yslas Philipinas: Relación de Artillería, Tren de manejo, Pertrechos de Guerra, Tropas regladas de Dotación: Raciones, y Municiones, con Liquidación, y Separación de su Importación en el Año: Producto de las Rentas y Consignaciones que se reporta segun el estado presente'', dated 1738 (Manuscript drawn by Order of the Field Marshall Don Fernando Valdes y Tamon, Governor of the Philippine Islands from 1729 to 1739. The document is currently under the custody of the Archives of the Naval Museum in Madrid, Spain, p. 41.</ref> (now called ''Fort San Pedro'') to better guard against the raids which were now the only threat to their hold on the islands. Irong-Irong or Ilong-Ilong was shortened to Iloilo. Later, the natural port area quickly became the capital of the province.<ref name=monografias/>		In 1700, due to ever-increasing attacks especially from the Dutch and the Moros, the Spaniards again moved their seat of power some {{Convert|25|km|0|abbr=off}} eastward to the village of Irong-Irong, which had natural and strategic defense against raids. At the mouth of the river that snakes through Panay, the Spaniards built the ''Fortificación de Nuestra Señora del Rosario en el Puerto de Yloylo, Provincia de Oton''<ref>''Planos de las Plazas, Presidios, y Fortificaciones en todo el Distrito de las Provincias, que sugeta al Real Dominio en las Yslas Philipinas: Relación de Artillería, Tren de manejo, Pertrechos de Guerra, Tropas regladas de Dotación: Raciones, y Municiones, con Liquidación, y Separación de su Importación en el Año: Producto de las Rentas y Consignaciones que se reporta segun el estado presente'', dated 1738 (Manuscript drawn by Order of the Field Marshall Don Fernando Valdes y Tamon, Governor of the Philippine Islands from 1729 to 1739. The document is currently under the custody of the Archives of the Naval Museum in Madrid, Spain, p. 41.</ref> (now called '']'') to better guard against the raids which were now the only threat to their hold on the islands. Irong-Irong or Ilong-Ilong was shortened to Iloilo. Later, the natural port area quickly became the capital of the province.<ref name=monografias/>
	=== Sugar boom era and the late Spanish colonial period (1800s) ===		=== Sugar boom era and the late Spanish colonial period (1800s) ===
	] in Intramuros and the American era built Aduana de Manila (Manila Customs House).]]		]) is the second-biggest customs house in the Philippines after the old Spanish ''Aduana'' (Intendencia) de ] in ] and the American era built ] (Manila Customs House).]]
			Spanish colonial local government in Iloilo allowed Chinese migrants which worked among the city's industries (the Locsin, Lopez, Jalandoni, Lim and Sy families) and ] from across the Pacific (]) to man its military fortifications (the Araneta, De Rama and Arroyo families). In the late 18th century, the development of large-scale weaving industry started the movement of Iloilo's surge in trade and economy in the Visayas.
			Sometimes referred to as the "Textile Capital of the Philippines",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafi.org.ph/news-highlights/visayan-textiles/|title=Visayan textiles – RAFI|access-date=October 29, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009194314/http://www.rafi.org.ph/news-highlights/visayan-textiles/|archive-date=October 9, 2014}}</ref> the products were exported to Manila and other foreign places. Sinamay, piña, and jusi are examples of the products produced by the looms of Iloilo. Because of the rise of the textile industry, there was also a rise of the upper middle class. However, with the introduction of cheap textile from the UK and the emergence of the sugar economy, the industry waned in the mid-19th century.
	Spanish rule government allowed Chinese migrants which worked among the city's industries (the Locsin, Lopez, Jalandoni, Lim and Sy families) and Latinos from across the Pacific (]) to man its military fortifications (the Araneta, De Rama and Arroyo families). In the late 18th century, the development of large-scale weaving industry started the movement of Iloilo's surge in trade and economy in the Visayas.
			]), which is regaled as the "''Queen of all heritage houses in Iloilo''" and Panay, is one of the grand mansions in the heritage district of ] that resulted from the sugar boom.]]
	Sometimes referred to as the "Textile Capital of the Philippines",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafi.org.ph/news-highlights/visayan-textiles/|title=Visayan textiles - RAFI|access-date=29 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009194314/http://www.rafi.org.ph/news-highlights/visayan-textiles/|archive-date=9 October 2014}}</ref> the products were exported to Manila and other foreign places. Sinamay, piña, and jusi are examples of the products produced by the looms of Iloilo. Because of the rise of the textile industry, there was also a rise of the upper middle class. However, with the introduction of cheap textile from the UK and the emergence of the sugar economy, the industry waned in the mid-19th century.
			The waning textile industry was replaced, however, by the opening of Iloilo's port to the world market in 1855. Because of this, Iloilo's industry and agriculture was put on direct access to foreign markets. But what triggered the economic boom of Iloilo in the 19th century was the development of the sugar industry in Iloilo and its neighboring island of Negros. Sugar during the 19th century was of high demand. ], the British vice-consul in Iloilo, developed the industry by giving loans, constructing warehouses in the port, and introducing new technologies in sugar farming. The rich families of Iloilo developed large areas of ], which were later called haciendas, because of sugar's high demand in the world market. Because of the increase in commercial activity, infrastructures, recreational facilities, educational institutions, banks, foreign consulates, commercial firms and much more sprouted in Iloilo.
			====City Status====
	]), which is regaled as the "Queen of all heritage houses in Iloilo" and Panay, is one of the grand mansions in the heritage district of ] that resulted from the sugar boom.]]
			] of Spain and her son King ]. The Queen Regent raised the status of Iloilo as a City, on October 5, 1889, in the name of King Alfonso XIII, who was still a minor.]]
	The waning textile industry was replaced, however, by the opening of Iloilo's port to the world market in 1855. Because of this, Iloilo's industry and agriculture was put on direct access to foreign markets. But what triggered the economic boom of Iloilo in the 19th century was the development of the sugar industry in Iloilo and its neighboring island of Negros. Sugar during the 19th century was of high demand. ], the British vice-consul in Iloilo, developed the industry by giving loans, constructing warehouses in the port, and introducing new technologies in sugar farming. The rich families of Iloilo developed large areas of ], which were later called haciendas, because of sugar's high demand in the world market. Because of the increase in commercial activity, infrastructures, recreational facilities, educational institutions, banks, foreign consulates, commercial firms and much more sprouted in Iloilo.
	On 5 October 1889, due to the economic development that was happening in Iloilo making it the most important port in the Philippine Islands next to Manila,<ref>Manila was occupied by Miguel Lopez de Salcedo as the colonial capital of the Archipelago on 24 June 1571, establishing it as the metropolis of ''Nueva Castilla'' (the name he gave to the Island of Luzon). Twenty-three years later, King Philip II confirmed the Salcedo's erection of Manila as a City, granting it all the privileges enjoyed by the colonial capitals of territories under his empire, through a ] of 21 June 1594. Another ] was issued by the Spanish Monarch granting Manila the title of ''Noble y siempre leal'' (Noble and ever loyal). </ref> Iloilo was raised from the status of a town to a city through a Royal Decree,<ref name="auto1">The actual words of the Royal Decree says: "A propuesta del Ministro de Ultramar, y teniendo en cuenta el creciente desarrollo que en la industria y el commercio ha alcanzado la cabecera de la provincia de Ilo-Ilo, la más importante de las islas de Filipinas, despues de la de Manila; En nombre de mi Augusto Hijo el Rey D. Alfonso XIII, y como Reina Regente del Reino, Vengo en conceder el titulo de la Ciudad á la cebecera de Ilo-Ilo, en dichas islas. Dado en San Sebastian á cinco de Octubre de mil ochocientos ochenta y nueve. Maria Cristina" Cf. ''Decreto Real de la Reina Regente Maria Cristina'' (5 Octubre 1889) en ''Gazeta de Madrid'', N. 298, 25 Octubre 1889, p. 238.</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/datos/imagenes/BOE/1889/298/A00238.tif|title=TIF file}}</ref> and in 1890, the city government was established.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Funtecha |first1=Henry |year=2000 |title=The Urbanization of the Town of Iloilo, 1865–1900 |journal=Selected Papers on Cities in Philippine History |publisher=Philippine National Historical Society |pages=89–108}}</ref> In 1893, the royal Spanish decree was ratified through a 2nd (legal) declaration by the virtue of Bacura/Becerra Law. Iloilo City was the second most important city in the Archipelago at the end of the Spanish Regime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1900-04-15/ed-1/seq-19/|title=Omaha daily bee. (Omaha ) 187?-1922, April 15, 1900, Image 19|first=National Endowment for the|last=Humanities|date=15 April 1900|page=7|via=chroniclingamerica.loc.gov}}</ref>		On October 5, 1889, a royal decree raised Iloilo's status from a town to a city, this on account of growing development in commerce and industry making her second to Manila in importance.<ref name="auto1">The actual words of the Royal Decree says: "A propuesta del Ministro de Ultramar, y teniendo en cuenta el creciente desarrollo que en la industria y el commercio ha alcanzado la cabecera de la provincia de Ilo-Ilo, la más importante de las islas de Filipinas, despues de la de Manila; En nombre de mi Augusto Hijo el Rey D. Alfonso XIII, y como Reina Regente del Reino, Vengo en conceder el titulo de la Ciudad á la cebecera de Ilo-Ilo, en dichas islas. Dado en San Sebastian á cinco de Octubre de mil ochocientos ochenta y nueve. Maria Cristina" Cf. ''Decreto Real de la Reina Regente Maria Cristina'' (5 Octubre 1889) en ''Gazeta de Madrid'', N. 298, 25 Octubre 1889, p. 238.</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/datos/imagenes/BOE/1889/298/A00238.tif|title=TIF file|access-date=November 5, 2011|archive-date=May 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511081910/http://www.boe.es/datos/imagenes/BOE/1889/298/A00238.tif|url-status=live}}</ref> Iloilo thus succeeded Manila, Cebu and Vigan as officially declared cities.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/431918?nm | title=FILIPINAS,339,L.2,F.50V-51R - Título de ciudad al pueblo de Santísimo Nombre de Jesús | access-date=December 21, 2022 | archive-date=December 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221192857/http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/431918?nm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/434101?nm | title=FILIPINAS,343,L.12,F.233R-235R - Concesión de título de ciudad al pueblo de Vigan | access-date=December 21, 2022 | archive-date=December 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221192810/http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/434101?nm | url-status=live }}</ref> Through the Becerra Law of 1889, the ] of Iloilo was established on January 7, 1890, its inauguration led by the former Governor-General ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/oct-5-is-adlaw-sang-ciudad-de-iloilo/|date=October 5, 2021|publisher=Panay News|title=Oct. 5 is 'Adlaw sang Ciudad de Iloilo'|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=September 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913022333/https://www.panaynews.net/oct-5-is-adlaw-sang-ciudad-de-iloilo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Funtecha |first1=Henry |year=2000 |title=The Urbanization of the Town of Iloilo, 1865–1900 |journal=Selected Papers on Cities in Philippine History |publisher=Philippine National Historical Society |pages=89–108}}</ref> Iloilo City was the second-most important city in the archipelago at the end of the Spanish Regime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1900-04-15/ed-1/seq-19/|title=Omaha daily bee. (Omaha ) 187?-1922, April 15, 1900, Image 19|first=National Endowment for the|last=Humanities|date=April 15, 1900|page=7|via=chroniclingamerica.loc.gov|access-date=November 19, 2018|archive-date=November 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120060751/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1900-04-15/ed-1/seq-19/|url-status=live}}</ref>
	=== The Revolutionary Period (1896) ===		=== The Revolutionary Period (1896) ===
	{{see|Philippine Revolution}}		{{further|Philippine Revolution}}
			The immediate reaction of Ilonggo elite to the outbreak of the 1896 rebellion in Manila was that of surprise. They immediately responded with protestations of outrage and affirmed their loyalty to Spain. The Ilonggos themselves were united in their support of Spain during the first two years of the revolutionary period.<ref>Policarpio F. Hernandez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898)'', p. 143.</ref>
	] of Spain and her son King ]. The Queen Regent raised the status of Iloilo as a Royal City, on 5 October 1889, in the name of King Alfonso XIII, who was still a minor.]]
			Shortly after the ''Cry of Balintawak'', the Jaro Ayuntamiento (another colonial city adjacent to Iloilo City), composed of native Ilonggos,<ref>The members of the Jaro Ayuntamiento who signed the act of protestation against the uprising were: Mariano Villalobos, Tranquilino Gonzales, Severino Argüelles, Raimundo Escarilla, Vidal Jabelona, Ruperto Jalandoni, Esteban Jalandoni, Juan Ledesma, Pablo Ledesma, and León Jereos (Secretary). Cf. September 7, 1896, issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''</ref> convened a special session on September 1, 1896, where the Manila uprising was condemned as an unpatriotic act "that finds no echo in the noble hearts of Jareños, who do not forget the immense gratitude they owe Spain who, from nothing, raised us to a life of civilization and progress."<ref>Policarpio F. Hernandez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898)'', p. 144. The actual text of the letter of the members of the Jaro Ayuntamiento addressed to the Governor General of the Philippines (published in the September 7, 1896, issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas'') says: ''Estos hechos de sedición, doblemente criminales en las dolorosas circunstancias que afligen a la Patria común, que allá, al otro lado de los mares, en los Campos de Cuba, está vertiendo sin tasa la generosa sangre de sus leales hijos que otros hijos integrados la hacen derramar; no pueden levantar eco en los corazones nobles de los Jareños, que no olvidan la inmensa gratitud que deben a España que, de la nada... los hizos nacer a la vida de la civilización y del progreso.''</ref>
	The immediate reaction of Ilonggo elite to the outbreak of the 1896 rebellion in Manila was that of surprise. They immediately responded with protestations of outrage and affirmed their loyalty to Spain. The Ilonggos themselves were united in their support of Spain during the first two years of the revolutionary period.<ref>Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566-1898)'', p. 143.</ref>
			The Ayuntamiento of Iloilo<ref>The officials of the City of Iloilo who signed the letter of protestation were as follows: Victoriano Mapa (Primer Alcalde), Emilio Escay (Primer Teniente Alcalde), Arcadio Conde Otegui (Segundo Teniente Alcalde), Vanancio Conception, José María Aguilar, Félix de la Rama, Severino Durán, Eduardo Arjanuate, Francisco Aguado, Francisco Ortiz, Lorenzo Guevara, Ramón Roco, and Mariano Teaño - regidores. Cf. September 7, 1896, issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''.</ref> also affirmed its allegiance and loyalty to Spain and made a similar protestation. Condemning the uprising, the city's letter to the Governor General says:
	Shortly after the ''Cry of Balintawak'', the Jaro Ayuntamiento (another colonial city adjacent to Iloilo City), composed of native Ilonggos,<ref>The members of the Jaro Ayuntamiento who signed the act of protestation against the uprising were: Mariano Villalobos, Tranquilino Gonzales, Severino Argüelles, Raimundo Escarilla, Vidal Jabelona, Ruperto Jalandoni, Esteban Jalandoni, Juan Ledesma, Pablo Ledesma, and León Jereos (Secretary). Cf. 7 September 1896 issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''</ref> convened a special session on 1 September 1896, where the Manila uprising was condemned as an unpatriotic act "that finds no echo in the noble hearts of Jareños, who do not forget the immense gratitude they owe Spain who, from nothing, raised us to a life of civilization and progress."<ref>Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566-1898)'', p. 144. The actual text of the letter of the members of the Jaro Ayuntamiento addressed to the Governor General of the Philippines (published in the 7 September 1896 issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas'') says: ''Estos hechos de sedición, doblemente criminales en las dolorosas circunstancias que afligen a la Patria común, que allá, al otro lado de los mares, en los Campos de Cuba, está vertiendo sin tasa la generosa sangre de sus leales hijos que otros hijos integrados la hacen derramar; no pueden levantar eco en los corazones nobles de los Jareños, que no olvidan la inmensa gratitud que deben a España que, de la nada... los hizos nacer a la vida de la civilización y del progreso.''</ref>
	The Ayuntamiento of Iloilo<ref>The officials of the City of Iloilo who signed the letter of protestation were as follows: Victoriano Mapa (Primer Alcalde), Emilio Escay (Primer Teniente Alcalde), Arcadio Conde Otegui (Segundo Teniente Alcalde), Vanancio Conception, José María Aguilar, Félix de la Rama, Severino Durán, Eduardo Arjanuate, Francisco Aguado, Francisco Ortiz, Lorenzo Guevara, Ramón Roco, and Mariano Teaño - regidores. Cf. 7 September 1896 issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''.</ref> also affirmed its allegiance and loyalty to Spain and made a similar protestation. Condemning the uprising, the city's letter to the Governor General says:
	<blockquote>''"Those dark betrayals, the mere notion of which embarrasses good and loyal Filipinos, have produced a unanimous sentiment of protest and indignation among the Ilongo people, who engrave its most honorable blazon in the sacred and inextinguishable love that it professes to the glorious Spanish nationality that it legitimately feels proud of. The Ilongos are Spaniards, Your Excellency, and Spaniards will they be until death, because they do not want to live and die in another way than under the shadow of the august Castillan standard, to which they owe being dignified and free men now."<ref>''Esas negras traiciones, cuya sola idea avergüenza a los Filipinos buenos y leales, han producido un sentimiento unánime de protesta e indignación en el pueblo Ilongo, que cifra su más honroso blasón en el inextinguible y sacrosanto amor que profesa a la gloriosa nacionalidad española de que se siente legitimamente orgulloso. Españoles son los Ilongos, Ex.cmo. Señor, y españoles seran hasta la muerte, porque no quieren vivir ni morir de otro modo que a la sombra de la augusta enseña castillana, a la cual deben el ser hoy hombres dignos y libres.'' 7 September 1896 issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''.</ref>''</blockquote>		<blockquote>''"Those dark betrayals, the mere notion of which embarrasses good and loyal Filipinos, have produced a unanimous sentiment of protest and indignation among the Ilongo people, who engrave its most honorable blazon in the sacred and inextinguishable love that it professes to the glorious Spanish nationality that it legitimately feels proud of. The Ilongos are Spaniards, Your Excellency, and Spaniards will they be until death, because they do not want to live and die in another way than under the shadow of the august Castillan standard, to which they owe being dignified and free men now."<ref>''Esas negras traiciones, cuya sola idea avergüenza a los Filipinos buenos y leales, han producido un sentimiento unánime de protesta e indignación en el pueblo Ilongo, que cifra su más honroso blasón en el inextinguible y sacrosanto amor que profesa a la gloriosa nacionalidad española de que se siente legitimamente orgulloso. Españoles son los Ilongos, Ex.cmo. Señor, y españoles seran hasta la muerte, porque no quieren vivir ni morir de otro modo que a la sombra de la augusta enseña castillana, a la cual deben el ser hoy hombres dignos y libres.'' 7 September 1896 issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''.</ref>''</blockquote>
	The foreign community in the city also asked its representatives to visit local authorities and to elevate their protests against the revolt. And so did the Filipino parish priests of Jaro, Molo, Mandurriao, and Arévalo.<ref>Cf. 3 September 1896 issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''. Also cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566-1898)'', p. 145.</ref> Towns in Iloilo province also condemned the Manila uprising, and those of the neighboring provinces of Cápiz and Antique, as well as the island of Negros, followed suit. This emboldened the Ilonggo elite to initiate the organization of volunteers to be sent to quell what was seen as a mostly-Tagalog rebellion. The move was backed by the Spanish and foreign communities of Iloilo.<ref>Cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566-1898)'', p. 145.</ref> A battalion of five hundred native volunteers was raised, which was divided into two companies, and placed under the cadre of mostly Spanish officers.<ref>Cf. 30 December 1896 issue of ''El Eco de Panay''. Also cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566-1898)'', pp. 145-146.</ref> They arrived in Manila on 16 January 1897.<ref>Cf. 16 January 1897 issue of ''Diario de Manila''.</ref> They were one of the largest native contingent to serve the government forces against Katipunan troops led by Emilio Aguinaldo, in the battlegrounds of Cavite province.<ref name="Policarpio F. Hernadez 1898 p. 147">Cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566-1898)'', p. 147.</ref>		The foreign community in the city also asked its representatives to visit local authorities and to elevate their protests against the revolt. And so did the Filipino parish priests of Jaro, Molo, Mandurriao, and Arévalo.<ref>Cf. September 3, 1896, issue of ''El Porvenir de Bisayas''. Also cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898)'', p. 145.</ref> Towns in Iloilo province also condemned the Manila uprising, and those of the neighboring provinces of Cápiz and Antique, as well as the island of Negros, followed suit. This emboldened the Ilonggo elite to initiate the organization of volunteers to be sent to quell what was seen as a mostly-Tagalog rebellion. The move was backed by the Spanish and foreign communities of Iloilo.<ref>Cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898)'', p. 145.</ref> A battalion of five hundred native volunteers was raised, which was divided into two companies, and placed under the cadre of mostly Spanish officers.<ref>Cf. December 30, 1896, issue of ''El Eco de Panay''. Also cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898)'', pp. 145-146.</ref> They arrived in Manila on January 16, 1897.<ref>Cf. January 16, 1897, issue of ''Diario de Manila''.</ref> They were one of the largest native contingent to serve the government forces against Katipunan troops led by Emilio Aguinaldo, in the battlegrounds of Cavite province.<ref name="Policarpio F. Hernadez 1898 p. 147">Cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898)'', p. 147.</ref>
			] in ], the oldest institution of higher education in ] region. It is the fifth oldest and the last seminary established by Spaniards in the Philippines.]]
	The Ilonggo volunteers established for themselves a distinguished combat record in Cavite. Once the Pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed, they returned to Iloilo. In April 1898 their homecoming, just like their departure, was met with much fanfare. This galvanized the Ilonggos into more public outpourings and manifestations of loyalty to Spain.<ref>Cf. 26 April 1898 issue of ''El Eco de Panay''. Cf. also Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566-1898)'', p. 147.</ref>
			The Ilonggo volunteers established for themselves a distinguished combat record in Cavite. Once the ] was signed, they returned to Iloilo. In April 1898 their homecoming, just like their departure, was met with much fanfare. This galvanized the Ilonggos into more public outpourings and manifestations of loyalty to Spain.<ref>Cf. April 26, 1898, issue of ''El Eco de Panay''. Cf. also Policarpio F. Hernadez, ''Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898)'', p. 147.</ref>
	Due to the loyalty of the Ilonggos, the city of Iloilo was honored with the perpetual<ref name="Policarpio F. Hernadez 1898 p. 147"/> title of ''Muy Noble''. The Royal Decree granting this title was signed on 1 March 1898 by Queen Regent Maria Cristina.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/datos/imagenes/BOE/1898/063/A00750.tif|title=TIF file}}</ref><ref>"Queriendo dar una prueba de Mi Real aprecio á la ciudad de Ilo-Ilo por su honroso proceder con motivo de haber sido la primera que presentó voluntarios para combatir la insurrección de Filipinas; a propuesta del Ministro de Ultramar, de acuerdo con Mi Consejo de Ministros; En Nombre de Mi augusto Hijo el Rey D. Alfonso XIII, y como Reina Regente del Reino, vengo en conceder á dicha ciudad el dictado de «Muy Noble», como recompensa á su conducta y estimulo para el porvenir. Dado en Palacio á primero de Marzo de mil ocho-cientos noventa y ocho." These were the actual words (in Spanish) of the Royal Decree honoring the City with the title "Muy Noble" (Most Noble). ''Real Decreto de La Reina Regente Maria Cristina (Marzo 1, 1898)'' in ''Gaceta de Mardrid'', No. 63, 4 Marzo 1898, p. 750.</ref> Over time, this title earned for Iloilo City the reputation of it being "The Queen's Favored City in the South" or simply "Queen's City in the South", being the second Spanish port of importance next to Manila, and being located South of the Archipelago's Capital. On a side note, at the beginning of the American period, Cebu became the second port of importance (Iloilo having been partly ravaged by bombardment, fire, and riot during the American occupation of Iloilo City).
			Due to the loyalty of the Ilonggos, the city of Iloilo was honored with the perpetual<ref name="Policarpio F. Hernadez 1898 p. 147"/> title of ''Muy Noble'' (Most Noble). The Royal Decree granting this title was signed on March 1, 1898, by Queen Regent Maria Cristina.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/datos/imagenes/BOE/1898/063/A00750.tif|title=TIF file|access-date=November 5, 2011|archive-date=February 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203175557/http://www.boe.es/datos/imagenes/BOE/1898/063/A00750.tif|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"Queriendo dar una prueba de Mi Real aprecio á la ciudad de Ilo-Ilo por su honroso proceder con motivo de haber sido la primera que presentó voluntarios para combatir la insurrección de Filipinas; a propuesta del Ministro de Ultramar, de acuerdo con Mi Consejo de Ministros; En Nombre de Mi augusto Hijo el Rey D. Alfonso XIII, y como Reina Regente del Reino, vengo en conceder á dicha ciudad el dictado de "Muy Noble", como recompensa á su conducta y estimulo para el porvenir. Dado en Palacio á primero de Marzo de mil ocho-cientos noventa y ocho." These were the actual words (in Spanish) of the Royal Decree honoring the City with the title "Muy Noble" (Most Noble). ''Real Decreto de La Reina Regente Maria Cristina (Marzo 1, 1898)'' in ''Gaceta de Mardrid'', No. 63, 4 Marzo 1898, p. 750.</ref> Over time, this title earned for Iloilo City the reputation of it being the ''Queen's Favored City in the South'' or simply ''Queen's City in the South'', being the second Spanish port of importance next to Manila, and being located south of the archipelago's Capital. On a side note, at the beginning of the American period until the ], Cebu became the second port of importance (Iloilo having been partly ravaged by bombardment, fire, and riots during the American occupation of Iloilo City).
	Yet, it was also during this period of Philippine history that Iloilo was more popularly known as the "Queen City of the South". This points to the fact that the moniker was associated to the Queen Regent's favor and to the honorary title granted to Iloilo City as ''Muy Noble Ciudad'', due to the loyalty of its citizens to the Spanish Crown.<ref>Foreman, John, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, pp. 518, 526. {{PD-notice}}</ref> Besides, the Ilonggos, who were among the first allies of the ] in the archipelago, contributed in the Spanish conquest of Luzon. It was in Arevalo (later, a district of Iloilo City), Panay that the conquest of Luzon was planned and launched, on 8 May 1570, with the help of seafaring inhabitants of the Island.<ref>Cf. Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1911). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803. Volume 03 of 55 (1493-1803). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. {{ISBN|978-0554259598}}. OCLC 769945704. "Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century.", p. 73.</ref>
			Yet, it was also during this period of Philippine history that Iloilo was more popularly known as the ''Queen City of the South''. This points to the fact that the moniker was associated with the Queen Regent's favor and with the honorary title granted to Iloilo City as ''La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad'' (The Most Loyal and Noble City), due to the loyalty of its citizens to the Spanish Crown.<ref>Foreman, John, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, pp. 518, 526. {{PD-notice}}</ref> Besides, the Ilonggos, who were among the first allies of the ] in the archipelago, contributed in the Spanish conquest of Luzon. It was in Arevalo (later, a district of Iloilo City), Panay that the conquest of Luzon was planned and launched, on May 8, 1570, with the help of seafaring inhabitants of the Island.<ref>Cf. Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1911). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803. Volume 03 of 55 (1493–1803). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. {{ISBN|978-0554259598}}. OCLC 769945704. "Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century.", p. 73.</ref>
	</small>)'' at night]]
			] ''(formerly Plaza Alfonso XII <small></small>)'', with the ] in the background.]]
	After the defeat of the Spanish forces at the ] during the ], the Capital of the ] was transferred to Iloilo, with General Diego de los Rios as the new Governor General residing in the city. A truce was declared between the American and the Spanish forces pending the negotiations of the joint commission of both warring Countries in Paris, France for the terms of peace. Meanwhile, General Aguinaldo sent several small vessels to Panay with Tagalog revolutionaries in order to stir up rebellion in the Visayas. He was anxious to secure all territories he could before the conditions for peace should be settled in Paris. At stake was the hope that actual possession of territories would influence the final decision.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 474.</ref>		After the defeat of the Spanish forces at the ] during the ], the Capital of the ] was transferred to Iloilo, with General Diego de los Rios as the new Governor General residing in the city. A truce was declared between the American and the Spanish forces pending the negotiations of the joint commission of both warring Countries in Paris, France for the terms of peace. Meanwhile, General Aguinaldo sent several small vessels to Panay with Tagalog revolutionaries in order to stir up rebellion in the Visayas. He was anxious to secure all territories he could before the conditions for peace should be settled in Paris. At stake was the hope that actual possession of territories would influence the final decision.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 474.</ref>
	By October 1898, fresh Tagalog expeditions were sent to Panay and coerced or persuaded its people to rise in greater force than ever, until finally, General de los Rios had to fall back to Iloilo. By the middle of November, after having secured the support of the inhabitants of the towns outside Iloilo through the leadership of General Martín Delgado, practically the whole island of Panay, except for the City Proper, Jaro, La Paz, and Molo, was under the revolutionary dominion. By December, de los Rios held only the city and port of Iloilo.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 476.</ref>		By October 1898, fresh Tagalog expeditions were sent to Panay and coerced or persuaded its people to rise in greater force than ever, until finally, General de los Rios had to fall back to Iloilo. By the middle of November, after having secured the support of the inhabitants of the towns outside Iloilo through the leadership of General Martín Delgado, practically the whole island of Panay, except for Iloilo (the City Proper), Jaro, La Paz, and Molo, was under the revolutionary dominion. By December, de los Rios held only the city and port of Iloilo.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 476.</ref>
			On December 25, 1898 (fifteen days after the signing of the ] on December 10),<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 478.</ref> the Spanish government surrendered to the Ilonggo revolutionaries at Plaza Alfonso XII (] today), making Iloilo the last capital of the Spanish Empire in Asia and the Pacific. Military Provincial Governor Ricardo Monet, who was representing Governor General de los Rios, together with Lt. Col. Agustín Solís, formally handed over Plaza Alfonso XII to Delgado, who represented Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the newly established Philippine Republic, in Iloilo. Delgado was named provincial governor afterwards.
	On 25 December 1898 (fifteen days after the signing of the ] on 10 December),<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 478.</ref> the Spanish government surrendered to the Ilonggo revolutionaries at Plaza Alfonso XII (Plaza Libertad today). Military Provincial Governor Ricardo Monet, who was representing Governor General de los Rios, together with Lt. Col. Agustín Solís, formally handed over Plaza Alfonso XII to Delgado, who represented Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the newly established Philippine Republic, in Iloilo. Delgado was named provincial governor afterwards.		The newly found freedom of the Ilonggos would be short-lived. The American forces arrived in Iloilo on December 27, 1898, under the command of General ], and were afterwards reinforced up to a total strength of about 3,000 troops and two ships,<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 477.</ref> to take possession of the territory in accordance with the Treaty of Paris.<ref>{{cite web | author = John Foreman | title = ''Treaty of Paris'' (pp.479-783) in ''The Philippine Islands : a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government.'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons| url = https://archive.org/stream/island00forephilippinerich#page/478/mode/2up/search/Yloilo | date = February 7, 2017 | access-date = February 7, 2017}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>
			The ] was established on December 2, 1898, to promote the ideal of federation for an independent Philippine nation. It was composed of the Cantonal governments of Bohol and Negros, as well as the Provisional Government in the Visayas, which exercised powers over Panay and Romblon. The government of the federal state was patterned after the ] and the ].<ref name="greater2"/> The government was reportedly created following consultations with ]. Roque Lopez, who was the president of the provisional government in Panay, became the federal state's president and Iloilo City was designated as the Visayas capital.<ref name="once">{{cite news |date=1 August 2005 |title=Once, There Was Federal Visayas |work=Newsbreak |publisher=Public Trust Media Group, Inc. |url=http://archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph/2005/08/01/once-there-was-federal-visayas-2/ |access-date=18 December 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165402/http://archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph/2005/08/01/once-there-was-federal-visayas-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	The newly found freedom of the Ilonggos would be short-lived. The American forces arrived in Iloilo on 27 December 1898, under the command of General ], and were afterwards reinforced up to a total strength of about 3,000 troops and two ships,<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands : a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 477.</ref> to take possession of the territory in accordance with the Treaty of Paris.<ref>{{cite web | author = John Foreman | title = ''Treaty of Paris'' (pp.479-783) in ''The Philippine Islands : a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government.'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons| url = https://archive.org/stream/island00forephilippinerich#page/478/mode/2up/search/Yloilo | date = 7 February 2017 | access-date = 7 February 2017}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>
	===Filipino–American War===		===Filipino–American War===
	After the Spanish forces left the city, the revolutionary forces made a formal entry amidst music and banners. A government was constituted. On 17 January 1899, an election placed Raymundo Melliza, of a notable family from Molo that was respected by both the natives and foreigners, to office as Mayor. However, the influence of the new regime established by the government of Aguinaldo did not have effective extent far beyond a day's march from the Capital. At the threshold of the City and Province of Iloilo, the Americans were waiting for a signal from Manila. Two more ships supplemented the U.S. forces, even though no clashes with the revolutionaries took place after the Spaniards abandoned the city. Miller expressed demands for the surrender of Iloilo but no gun was fired. The Americans were waiting for the right moment, for it was not until 6 February 1899 that the American Senate ratified the Treaty of Paris.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, pp. 511-512.</ref>		After the Spanish forces left the city, the revolutionary forces made a formal entry amidst music and banners. A government was constituted. On January 17, 1899, an election placed Raymundo Melliza, of a notable family from Molo that was respected by both the natives and foreigners, to office as Mayor. However, the influence of the new regime established by the government of Aguinaldo did not have effective extent far beyond a day's march from the Capital. At the threshold of the City and Province of Iloilo, the Americans were waiting for a signal from Manila. Two more ships supplemented the U.S. forces, even though no clashes with the revolutionaries took place after the Spaniards abandoned the city. Miller expressed demands for the surrender of Iloilo but no gun was fired. The Americans were waiting for the right moment, for it was not until February 6, 1899, that the American Senate ratified the Treaty of Paris.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, pp. 511-512.</ref>
	On 4 February, hostilities broke out between Aguinaldo's forces and the Americans in Luzon. Emissaries brought Aguinaldo's message to the Ilonggos to hold the City against the enemies. The demand for surrender was renewed by Miller, on 7 February, upon receipt of orders from Manila, with the threat to bombard Iloilo by the 12th day of the month if no surrender would take place.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 513">John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 513.</ref>		On February 4, hostilities broke out between Aguinaldo's forces and the Americans in Luzon. Emissaries brought Aguinaldo's message to the Ilonggos to hold the City against the enemies. The demand for surrender was renewed by Miller, on February 7, upon receipt of orders from Manila, with the threat to bombard Iloilo by the 12th day of the month if no surrender would take place.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 513">John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 513.</ref>
	] marching in 1901 ahead of 30 officers and 140 men to surrender to Brig. Gen. Robert P. Hughes, regional commander of the US imperialist forces occupying the country]]		] marching in 1901 ahead of 30 officers and 140 men to surrender to Brig. Gen. Robert P. Hughes, regional commander of the US forces occupying the country.]]
	As the Americans were preparing to attack the city, the 1,650 native troops under General Martin Delgado became uncontrollable and insolent to their officers. They were promised a monthly remuneration of Php4 and food, but only received Php1. Threats of mutiny, sacking and burning of the city, forced the Generals to collect money from the towns of Panay in order to appease the Visayan contingents. The same thing happened to the Tagalog component of the troops. The danger of riots in the city and the attitude of native soldiers fomented fear among the inhabitants. Chinese merchants closed their stores leaving only a small hole for transacting business. Many prominent families, who were in constant fear for their safety, went over to Negros Island in small schooners that flew the Philippine flag, without having any trouble with the American ships on standby in the waters between the two islands.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 513"/>		As the Americans were preparing to attack the city, the 1,650 native troops under General Martin Delgado became uncontrollable and insolent to their officers. They were promised a monthly remuneration of Php4 and food, but only received Php1. Threats of mutiny, sacking and burning of the city, forced the Generals to collect money from the towns of Panay in order to appease the Visayan contingents. The same thing happened to the Tagalog component of the troops. The danger of riots in the city and the attitude of native soldiers fomented fear among the inhabitants. Chinese merchants closed their stores leaving only a small hole for transacting business. Many prominent families, who were in constant fear for their safety, went over to Negros Island in small schooners that flew the Philippine flag, without having any trouble with the American ships on standby in the waters between the two islands.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 513"/>
	On 10 February, an Extraordinary Session at the City Hall discussed plans for the impending bombardment of the city. There was a proposal to burn Iloilo, but the Mayor protested to this barbarous plan. A majority in the meeting was in favor of burning, which was seen as an invitation to despoil, lay waste and slay. The instigators who had no property interests in Iloilo, but who were so jealous of those who have, found a ready response of the Tagalog mercenaries, who had no local attachment to the city.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 515">John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands : a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 515.</ref>		On February 10, an Extraordinary Session at the City Hall discussed plans for the impending bombardment of the city. There was a proposal to burn Iloilo, but the Mayor protested to this barbarous plan. A majority in the meeting was in favor of burning, which was seen as an invitation to despoil, lay waste and slay. The instigators who had no property interests in Iloilo, but who were so jealous of those who have, found a ready response of the Tagalog mercenaries, who had no local attachment to the city.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 515">John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 515.</ref>
	The Americans fired the first shell on 11 February 1899. Foreign eyewitnesses observed that the bombardment damaged quite a few buildings. In the meantime, from early morning, the withdrawing native soldiers, followed by a riffraff mob, were observed to have rushed hither and thither, throwing firebrands on to petroleum-washed houses. The Chinese had to barricade themselves to no use since fire burned their bazaars. Europeans and the Spanish half-castes had to defend themselves with every means possible, including bribing the rioters with a few pesos. Two British warships in the roadstead sent boats ashore and landed a party of marines, who made a gallant effort to save foreign properties,<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 515"/> as the United Kingdom had a strong business interest in Iloilo and a Consulate.		The Americans fired the first shell on February 11, 1899. Foreign eyewitnesses observed that the bombardment damaged quite a few buildings. In the meantime, from early morning, the withdrawing native soldiers, followed by a riffraff mob, were observed to have rushed hither and thither, throwing firebrands on to petroleum-washed houses. The Chinese had to barricade themselves to no use since fire burned their bazaars. Europeans and the Spanish half-castes had to defend themselves with every means possible, including bribing the rioters with a few pesos. Two British warships in the roadstead sent boats ashore and landed a party of marines, who made a gallant effort to save foreign properties,<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 515"/> as the United Kingdom had a strong business interest in Iloilo and a Consulate.
	By 1 o'clock of the same day, the Americans made a landing and restored order. Sentinels were stationed to protect what still remained of the townspeople's goods. In due course, indemnity claims were forwarded to the American military authorities, but were all rejected.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands : a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 516.</ref>		By 1 o'clock of the same day, the Americans made a landing and restored order. Sentinels were stationed to protect what still remained of the townspeople's goods. In due course, indemnity claims were forwarded to the American military authorities, but were all rejected.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, p. 516.</ref>
	Ten years later, an article published in the local paper ''Nuevo Heraldo'' summarized the downfall of the Queen City in these words:		Ten years later, an article published in the local paper ''Nuevo Heraldo'' summarized the downfall of the Queen City in these words:
	"The fire left behind only the name Iloilo, as the main part of the city was reduced to ashes by the retreating Ilongo troops. That event was the cause of the ruin of such a beautiful city, second only to Manila, where, if there was not a surplus of money, neither the people's welfare was wanting, and life was prosperous and peaceful. If the brain who planted such an unqualified act had measured the consequences... maybe he would never have dared doing it..."<ref>''Nuevo Heraldo'', Iloilo, 11 February 1908.</ref>		"The fire left behind only the name Iloilo, as the main part of the city was reduced to ashes by the retreating Ilongo troops. That event was the cause of the ruin of such a beautiful city, second only to Manila, where, if there was not a surplus of money, neither the people's welfare was wanting, and life was prosperous and peaceful. If the brain who planted such an unqualified act had measured the consequences... maybe he would never have dared doing it..."<ref>''Nuevo Heraldo'', Iloilo, February 11, 1908.</ref>
			] wharf of Iloilo City, circa 1920s to 1930s.]]
	By February 1899, the Americans had started mobilizing to colonize anew the City and Province. They continued to meet resistance from the Ilonggos, which lasted up to 1901. In which case, Iloilo was also among the last cities to fall to Americans.<ref name=Lopez>{{cite book |title=Iloilo: A Rich and Noble Land |author=Lopez Group Foundation |year=2008 |publisher=Benpres Publishing |location=Pasig City, Philippines |isbn=978-971-93904-0-4 |page=278 }}</ref> Many leaders surrendered to the new regime and were reintegrated to the Ilonggo society without conditions. Among them was General Martin Delgado, who accepted the position of Governor of the Province of Iloilo from 1901 to 1904, under the American flag. He was, at that time, the highest-paid Governor in the whole Archipelago, receiving $3,000 gold annually.<ref>''The San Francisco Call'', 12 April 1901, p. 2.</ref>
			By February 1899, the Americans had started mobilizing to assert their authority over the City and Province. They continued to meet resistance from the Ilonggos, which lasted up to 1901. In which case, Iloilo was also among the last cities to fall to Americans.<ref name=Lopez>{{cite book |title=Iloilo: A Rich and Noble Land |author=Lopez Group Foundation |year=2008 |publisher=Benpres Publishing |location=Pasig, Philippines |isbn=978-971-93904-0-4 |page=278 }}</ref> Many leaders surrendered to the new regime and were reintegrated to the Ilonggo society without conditions. Among them was General Martin Delgado, who accepted the position of Governor of the Province of Iloilo from 1901 to 1904, under the American flag. He was, at that time, the highest-paid Governor in the whole Archipelago, receiving $3,000 gold annually.<ref>''The San Francisco Call'', April 12, 1901, p. 2.</ref>
			]
	Local government was established in some towns of Iloilo by 11 April 1901. Jose Maria Gay was appointed Alcalde, Matias Hibiernas was teniente alcalde of Iloilo;Jose Yusay was President of Molo; Pablo Borromeo was President of Arevalo; Ruperto Montinola was the lone representative of Jaro, but was not its president; Madurriao's president was Emigdio Mesa. Emilio Magbanua was appointed its police delegate. It was observed by Juan de Leon, judge of the Court of First Instance that there existed a rivalry between the pueblos of Iloilo, Jaro and Molo, which are adjacent to and are only half an hour travel by carriage from each other. Besides, Molo and Jaro are residential pueblos, and Iloilo was the business town for both. It was also recommended that Arevalo be joined to Molo, and La Paz to Jaro. The aggregate population of these territories was at 100,000 in 1901.<ref name="archive.org">''Annual report of the Philippine Commission / Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department to the President of the United States'', Washington D.C.: 1901, Vol. I, p. 130. </ref> Presidents and other representatives were also appointed for the towns of Alimodian, Miag-ao, Janiuay, Mina, Oton, Passi, Guimbal, Pototan, San Joaquin, Santa Barbara, San Miguel, Pavia, Sara, Nagaba (currently known as Nueva Valencia), San Enrique, Lambunao, Cordoba (a barangay of Tigbauan today), Cabatuan, Leganes, Tigbauan, Banate, Buena Vista, Navalas, Tubungan, Duenas, Mandurriao, Maasin, Lucena, and Leon. Other formerly existing ones, like Anilao and Barotac Viejo, were fused with other towns.<ref name="archive.org"/>
			Local government was established in some towns of Iloilo by April 11, 1901. Jose Maria Gay was appointed Alcalde, Matias Hibiernas was teniente alcalde of Iloilo; Jose Yusay was President of Molo; Pablo Borromeo was President of Arevalo; Ruperto Montinola was the lone representative of Jaro, but was not its president; Madurriao's president was Emigdio Mesa. Emilio Magbanua was appointed its police delegate. It was observed by Juan de León y Benedicto, judge of the Court of First Instance that there existed a rivalry between the pueblos of Iloilo, Jaro and Molo, which are adjacent to and are only half an hour travel by carriage from each other. Besides, Molo and Jaro are residential pueblos, and Iloilo was the business town for both. It was also recommended that Arevalo be joined to Molo, and La Paz to Jaro. The aggregate population of these territories was at 100,000 in 1901.<ref name="archive.org">''Annual report of the Philippine Commission / Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department to the President of the United States'', Washington D.C.: 1901, Vol. I, p. 130. </ref> Presidents and other representatives were also appointed for the towns of Alimodian, Miag-ao, Janiuay, Mina, Oton, Passi, Guimbal, Pototan, San Joaquin, Santa Barbara, San Miguel, Pavia, Sara, Nagaba (currently known as Nueva Valencia), San Enrique, Lambunao, Cordoba (a barangay of Tigbauan today), Cabatuan, Leganes, Tigbauan, Banate, Buena Vista, Navalas, Tubungan, Duenas, Mandurriao, Maasin, Lucena, and Leon. Other formerly existing ones, like Anilao and Barotac Viejo, were fused with other towns.<ref name="archive.org" />
	As the aftermath of the revolution and the Filipino–American War, it was clear to all the most sober-minded and best-educated Ilonggos that Aguinaldo's government was a failure in Panay at least. Visayans of position, with property interests at stake, were convinced that absolute independence without any control or protection from some established political power was premature and doomed to disaster. The Visayan grudge against the Tagalog predominance was also a factor that contributed to the failure of Aguinaldo's government. But the aggravating factor was the dictatorial air and brutal conduct of the Tagalog troops, which destroyed the theory of fraternal unity.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands : a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, pp. 516-517.</ref> ], the Tagalog contingents' leader known for severity in his Capiz and Iloilo campaigns, left a lasting non-commendable remembrance in the history of Panay.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 513"/><ref>N.B. For a detailed study regarding the history of war for independence in Iloilo and Panay, as well as regarding the American occupation of the Island, confer the paper of Jose Manuel Velmonte, '' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922004238/http://cids.up.edu.ph/chronicle/articles/chronv3n2/chronv3n2_infocus07_pg1.html |date=22 September 2013 }}'' in ''Kasarinlan'', Volume 14 No. 1.</ref>		As the aftermath of the revolution and the Filipino–American War, it was clear to all the most sober-minded and best-educated Ilonggos that Aguinaldo's government was a failure in Panay at least. Visayans of position, with property interests at stake, were convinced that absolute independence without any control or protection from some established political power was premature and doomed to disaster. The Visayan grudge against the Tagalog predominance was also a factor that contributed to the failure of Aguinaldo's government. But the aggravating factor was the dictatorial air and brutal conduct of the Tagalog troops, which destroyed the theory of fraternal unity.<ref>John, Foreman, ''The Philippine Islands: a political, geographical, ethnographical, social and commercial history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government'', New York: 1907, C. Scribner's Sons, pp. 516-517.</ref> ], the Tagalog contingents' leader known for severity in his Capiz and Iloilo campaigns, left a lasting non-commendable remembrance in the history of Panay.<ref name="John, Foreman 1907, p. 513"/><ref>N.B. For a detailed study regarding the history of war for independence in Iloilo and Panay, as well as regarding the American occupation of the Island, confer the paper of Jose Manuel Velmonte, '' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922004238/http://cids.up.edu.ph/chronicle/articles/chronv3n2/chronv3n2_infocus07_pg1.html |date=September 22, 2013 }}'' in ''Kasarinlan'', Volume 14 No. 1.</ref>
	{{clear right}}		{{clear right}}
	=== American colonial era (1900–1941) ===		=== American colonial era and advent of Protestantism and counter-reformation (1900–1941) ===
	] was founded in 1905 through a grant given by the ] ], oil ] and ] ], by the ] American missionaries; it is the first Baptist-founded and second American university in the Philippines and in Asia.]]		] was founded in 1905 through a grant given by the ] ], oil ] and ] ], by the ] American missionaries; it is the first Baptist-founded and second American university in the Philippines and in Asia.]]
	In 1900, the Americans reverted the city's status into a township. By virtue of Act No. 719 of 1903, the municipalities of ], ], Mandurriao, and ], were incorporated into the municipality of Iloilo.<ref>{{Citation |title=Act No. 719 - Act reducing the fifty-one municipalities of the Province of Iloilo to seventeen |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/34121 |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> ] was also incorporated into Iloilo from ] by virtue of Act No. 1333 19 April 1905.<ref>{{Citation |title=Act No. 1333 - An Act Amending Act Numbered Seven hundred and nineteen, entitled "An Act reducing the fifty-one municipalities of the Province of Iloilo to seventeen |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/16999 |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> Later, Executive Order No. 64 24 December 1907 separated Pavia and Jaro from Iloilo and constituted them as the municipality of Jaro with effect on 15 February 1908.<ref>Executive Order No. 64 24 December 1907, see {{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/atf7298.0005.001.umich.edu |title=Executive Orders and Proclamations Issued by the Governor-General During the Year 1907 |date=1908 |publisher=Bureau of Printing |location=Manila |pages=125–126}}</ref> La Paz was re-established as a separate municipality in 1920 by virtue of Executive Order No. 70 signed on 11 October 1919.		In 1900, no Americans reverted the city's status into a township. By virtue of Act No. 719 of 1903, the municipalities of ], ], ], and ], were incorporated into the municipality of ].<ref>{{Citation |title=Act No. 719 – Act reducing the fifty-one municipalities of the Province of Iloilo to seventeen |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/34121 |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |access-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231080459/http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/34121 |url-status=live }}</ref> ] was also incorporated into Iloilo from ] by virtue of Act No. 1333 19 April 1905.<ref>{{Citation |title=Act No. 1333 – An Act Amending Act Numbered Seven hundred and nineteen, entitled "An Act reducing the fifty-one municipalities of the Province of Iloilo to seventeen |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/16999 |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |access-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231095111/http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/16999 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, Executive Order No. 64 24 December 1907 separated Pavia and Jaro from Iloilo and constituted them as the municipality of Jaro with effect on February 15, 1908.<ref>Executive Order No. 64 24 December 1907, see {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/atf7298.0005.001.umich.edu |title=Executive Orders and Proclamations Issued by the Governor-General During the Year 1907 |date=1908 |publisher=Bureau of Printing |location=Manila |pages=125–126}}</ref> La Paz was re-established as a separate municipality in 1920 by virtue of Executive Order No. 70 signed on October 11, 1919.
	The Americans initiated the construction of the Baluarte and Arroyo streets, the extension of Delgado Street to Valeria and from Fuentes and Jalandoni streets up to the present-day U.P. in the Visayas. Quezon and Mabini streets were asphalted while their sidewalks were also constructed. More significant was the installation of streetlights all throughout the city in 1921. In 1926, the widening of important streets, like General Luna, J.M. Basa and Ledesma, was started. In 1927, an improved street, Valeria-Ledesma (formerly known as Weyler), was inaugurated (David 1937).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2007/10/05/roads.and.bridges.in.iloilo.during.the.american.rule.html|title=Roads and bridges in Iloilo during the American rule|access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref>		The Americans initiated the construction of the Baluarte and Arroyo streets, the extension of Delgado Street to Valeria and from Fuentes and Jalandoni streets up to the present-day U.P. in the Visayas. Quezon and Mabini streets were asphalted while their sidewalks were also constructed. More significant was the installation of streetlights all throughout the city in 1921. In 1926, the widening of important streets, like ], ] and Ledesma, was started. In 1927, an improved street, Valeria-Ledesma (formerly known as Weyler), was inaugurated (David 1937).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2007/10/05/roads.and.bridges.in.iloilo.during.the.american.rule.html|title=Roads and bridges in Iloilo during the American rule|access-date=October 29, 2016|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523012347/http://www.thenewstoday.info/2007/10/05/roads.and.bridges.in.iloilo.during.the.american.rule.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
	]]]
	During the American colonial regime that time in the Philippine islands, the Americans brought with them their Protestant faith. A comity agreement was made in 1898 that the Philippine islands would be divided into different ] denominations for missionary works to avoid future conflicts; Iloilo is one of the first favored places in the country where the early Protestant sects came because of the city's economic prominence and importance next to Manila during such time.<ref>Guillermo & Verora, pp. 1–3</ref> ] and Negros, in accordance with the comity agreement, was given to the religious jurisdictions of the Baptists, although other Protestant sects were allowed to do missions in the same area.		During the American colonial regime that time in the Philippine islands, the Americans brought with them their Protestant faith. A comity agreement was made in 1898 that the Philippine islands would be divided into different ] denominations for missionary works to avoid future conflicts; Iloilo is one of the first favored places in the country where the early Protestant sects came because of the city's economic prominence and importance next to Manila during such time.<ref>Guillermo & Verora, pp. 1–3</ref> ] and Negros, in accordance with the comity agreement, was given to the religious jurisdictions of the Baptists, although other Protestant sects were allowed to do missions in the same area.
			]
	The Protestant missionaries initiated large-scale enterprises in the predominantly Catholic province. The ]s established the first Protestant and American hospital in the country, the ]. Supposedly it came also that Iloilo is the original location for foundation of ], the first Protestant and American university in the country and in Asia. However, due to the Catholic opposition where the school will stand, the founder, ], prospected some new locations. He went to Cebu and later had a side trip in ], where he had a decision to establish and where Silliman University is presently located.<ref>{{Harvnb|Carson|1965|p=4}}</ref>
			The Protestant missionaries initiated large-scale enterprises in the predominantly Catholic province. The ]s established the first Protestant and American hospital in the country, the ]. Supposedly it came also that Iloilo is the original location for foundation of ], the first Protestant and American university in the country and in Asia. However, due to the Catholic opposition where the school will stand, the founder, ], prospected some new locations. He went to Cebu and later had a side trip in ], where he had a decision to establish and where Silliman University is presently located.<ref>{{Citation |last=Carson |first=Arthur, L. |title=Silliman University, 1901-1959 |publisher=United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia. |year=1965 |page=4}}</ref>
	Baptists on the other hand, established institutions like Central Philippine University in 1905, as the first Baptist-founded and second American university in Asia; the ], the first Baptist church in the Philippines; and the ], the oldest Baptist organizational body in the Philippines.<ref name="wiki">] Retrieved 19 October 2012</ref> Later, the ]s established the Jaro Adventist Center, the first organized Seventh-day Adventist church in the islands.
			Baptists on the other hand, established institutions like Central Philippine University in 1905, as the first Baptist-founded and second American university in Asia; the ], the first Baptist church in the Philippines; and the ], the oldest Baptist organizational body in the Philippines.<ref name="wiki">] Retrieved October 19, 2012</ref> Later, the ]s established the Jaro Adventist Center, the first organized Seventh-day Adventist church outside Manila.
	Central Philippine University was established through a grant given by the then richest American industrialist and oil magnate John D. Rockefeller.<ref name="JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER: A tight-fisted businessman turned philanthropist"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409232509/http://www.mb.com.ph/a-tight-fisted-businessman-turned-philanthropist/ |date=9 April 2015 }}. Retrieved 4 April 2015.</ref><ref name="John D. Rockefeller (American History USA)">. Retrieved 4 April 2015.</ref><ref name="The Philanthropists: John D. Rockefeller">. Retrieved 4 April 2015.</ref><ref name="100 Leaders in World History: John D. Rockefeller"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904114152/http://100leaders.org/john-d-rockefeller |date=4 September 2017 }}. Retrieved 4 April 2015.</ref><ref name="Famous Entrepreneurs: John D. Rockefeller">. Retrieved 4 April 2015.</ref> Central Philippine University pioneered the work-study program in the country which was later patterned and followed by other institutions and has also established the first and oldest student governing body in South East Asia modeled on the American civil government, the ] in 1906 after the Jaro Industrial School, CPU's forerunner, was established.
			Central Philippine University was established through a grant given by the then richest American industrialist and oil magnate John D. Rockefeller.<ref name="JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER: A tight-fisted businessman turned philanthropist"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409232509/http://www.mb.com.ph/a-tight-fisted-businessman-turned-philanthropist/ |date=April 9, 2015 }}. Retrieved April 4, 2015.</ref><ref name="John D. Rockefeller (American History USA)"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904112035/https://www.americanhistoryusa.com/topic/john-d-rockefeller/ |date=September 4, 2017 }}. Retrieved April 4, 2015.</ref><ref name="The Philanthropists: John D. Rockefeller"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904152241/https://www.challies.com/articles/the-philanthropists-john-d-rockefeller/ |date=September 4, 2017 }}. Retrieved April 4, 2015.</ref><ref name="100 Leaders in World History: John D. Rockefeller"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904114152/http://100leaders.org/john-d-rockefeller |date=September 4, 2017 }}. Retrieved April 4, 2015.</ref><ref name="Famous Entrepreneurs: John D. Rockefeller"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064607/http://www.famous-entrepreneurs.com/john-d-rockefeller |date=September 4, 2017 }}. Retrieved April 4, 2015.</ref> Central Philippine University pioneered the work-study program in the country which was later patterned and followed by other institutions and has also established the first and oldest student governing body in South East Asia modeled on the American civil government, the ] in 1906 after the Jaro Industrial School, CPU's forerunner, was established.
	Under the auspices of the ] in the United States in 1901, the Sabine Haines Memorial Union Mission Hospital (Union Mission Hospital) was established by ] missionary doctor Joseph Andrew Hall and his wife Jane Russell Hall. The hospital is also the first hospital for soldiers and the constabulary (predecessor of the ]) during the American colonial regime in the country. The hospital pioneered the nursing education in the country through the establishment of the Union Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses, the first nursing school in the Philippines. Later, the hospital was handed over to the Protestant Baptists. In 1931, the Union Mission Hospital moved to its present site in a property bought by the Baptists, thus a year later in 1932, the hospital changed its name to Iloilo Mission Hospital alongside with its nursing school. The school was later transferred and became and organic academic unit of the Central Philippine University (the present-day ]. Iloilo Mission Hospital has over the years associated with Central Philippine University as its university hospital (CPU-Iloilo Mission Hospital).
			] ] ] missionary and physician Joseph Andrew Hall, ] is the first American and Protestant founded hospital in the Philippines.]]
	Up to the present, the various evangelical Protestant denominations (composing around 2.8% of the Filipinos) and their educational institutions also serve Catholic students in Iloilo, who make up 83% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/demographics_profile.html|title=Philippines Demographics Profile 2018|website=www.indexmundi.com}}</ref>
			Under the auspices of the ] in the United States in 1901, the Sabine Haines Memorial Union Mission Hospital (Union Mission Hospital) was established by ] missionary doctor Joseph Andrew Hall and his wife Jane Russell Hall. The hospital is also the first hospital for soldiers and the constabulary (predecessor of the ]) during the American colonial regime in the country. The hospital pioneered the nursing education in the country through the establishment of the Union Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses, the first nursing school in the Philippines. Later, the hospital was handed over to the Protestant Baptists. In 1931, the Union Mission Hospital moved to its present site in a property bought by the Baptists, thus a year later in 1932, the hospital changed its name to Iloilo Mission Hospital along with its nursing school. The school was later transferred and became and organic academic unit of the Central Philippine University (the present-day ]. Iloilo Mission Hospital has over the years associated with Central Philippine University as its university hospital (CPU-Iloilo Mission Hospital).
	] in Jaro, Iloilo City]]
			Up to the present, the various evangelical Protestant denominations (composing around 2.8% of the Filipinos) and their educational institutions also serve Catholic students in Iloilo, who make up 83% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/demographics_profile.html|title=Philippines Demographics Profile 2018|website=www.indexmundi.com|access-date=October 15, 2019|archive-date=April 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408003950/https://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/demographics_profile.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
	Seizure of friar lands and parishes and the above-mentioned Protestant activities gave the American and Filipino public an impression of an anti-Catholic stance of the U.S. occupation of the Islands during the first years of the American rule. The ], the sole legislative body of the American government for the Philippines (then known as the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States) while still under the ], were attacked by Catholic press in New York for anti-Catholic bigotry. Soon, pressures from influential Catholics in the United States, and also in Ireland caused President ] to appoint a Catholic in the commission to defend Catholic interest in the Philippines. Influential Catholics in Manila followed suit. Worries about Catholic vote in national elections moved the civil government to send the commission to the Vatican to negotiate exploring workable to solutions to the Catholic question in the newly acquired territory. Before coming to Rome, the head of the Commission personally visited the Cardinal Archbishop of Baltimore.<ref>Frank T. Reuter, ''Catholic Influence on American Colonial Policies, 1898-1904'', Austin: 2014, University of Texas Press, pp. 139-155. </ref> Pace by pace, acceptable solutions were employed. In 1902, the President of the United States of America commissioned two American Augustian friars to pioneer a movement to send American priests out to the Philippines to replace the Spanish friars,<ref>Frank T. Reuter, ''Catholic Influence on American Colonial Policies, 1898-1904'', Austin: 2014, University of Texas Press, p. 151. </ref> who diminished in number (1,013 in 1898 to 246 in 1903) due to normal loss of personnel due to death or retirement, death caused by native hostilities, or voluntary return to Spain.<ref>Frank T. Reuter, ''Catholic Influence on American Colonial Policies, 1898-1904'', Austin: 2014, University of Texas Press, p. 155. </ref>
			Seizure of friar lands and parishes and the above-mentioned Protestant activities gave the American and Filipino public an impression of an anti-Catholic stance of the U.S. occupation of the Islands during the first years of the American rule. The ], the sole legislative body of the American government for the Philippines (then known as the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States) while still under the ], were attacked by Catholic press in New York for anti-Catholic bigotry. Soon, pressures from influential Catholics in the United States, and also in Ireland caused President ] to appoint a Catholic in the commission to defend Catholic interest in the Philippines. Influential Catholics in Manila followed suit. Worries about Catholic vote in national elections moved the civil government to send the commission to the Vatican to negotiate exploring workable to solutions to the Catholic question in the newly acquired territory. Before coming to Rome, the head of the Commission personally visited the Cardinal Archbishop of Baltimore.<ref>Frank T. Reuter, ''Catholic Influence on American Colonial Policies, 1898–1904'', Austin: 2014, University of Texas Press, pp. 139-155. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164802/https://books.google.com/books?id=A36jDQAAQBAJ&q=Friars&pg=PA184|date=March 26, 2023}}</ref> Pace by pace, acceptable solutions were employed. In 1902, the President of the United States of America commissioned two American Augustian friars to pioneer a movement to send American priests out to the Philippines to replace the Spanish friars,<ref>Frank T. Reuter, ''Catholic Influence on American Colonial Policies, 1898–1904'', Austin: 2014, University of Texas Press, p. 151. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164802/https://books.google.com/books?id=A36jDQAAQBAJ&q=Friars&pg=PA184|date=March 26, 2023}}</ref> who diminished in number (1,013 in 1898 to 246 in 1903) due to normal loss of personnel due to death or retirement, death caused by native hostilities, or voluntary return to Spain.<ref>Frank T. Reuter, ''Catholic Influence on American Colonial Policies, 1898–1904'', Austin: 2014, University of Texas Press, p. 155. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164802/https://books.google.com/books?id=A36jDQAAQBAJ&q=Friars&pg=PA184|date=March 26, 2023}}</ref>
	In Iloilo, American Catholics countered the Protestant American missions and the American Catholic bishops, like Frederick Rooker, ], and James McCloskey, were named for the Roman Catholic See of Jaro in Iloilo City. These bishops sustained the educational achievements of the Spanish friars by bringing in American and European Catholic missionaries, among whom were the ], and ]. The Augustinians, who were the first to bring the Christian faith in the Philippines as well as in Panay island, and who built the centuries-old heritage churches in this island,<ref>Cf. Fr. Juan Fernandez, O.S.A, Monografias de los pueblos de la isla de Panay in Monographs of the Towns of Panay, Jose Espinosa, Jr., trans., Iloilo City: University of San Augustine, 2006</ref> established the Collegio de San Agustín in 1904, which eventually became the only university of the Augustinian Order in Asia. During the American regime, their confreres from the United States developed evermore this institution, which later became the first university in Iloilo. The American Catholic Bishops also maintained and upgraded the St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary (established in 1869 as the Collegio-Seminario de San Vicente Ferrer), which was the first institution of higher learning in Western Visayas. Despite the Augustinians being Catholics and Baptists being Protestants, they mutually enriched each other through dialogue mainly because Augustinian ideals were the foundations of Protestantism since the first Protestant was ] and he was a former Augustinian priest himself and the Protestant zeal for reformation from corruption even started some reform in the church itself. ] who was ordained in the Minor Orders in Jaro, Iloilo had walked the fine line between reform, obedience and leadership since he ministered and walked hand in hand with condemned rebels and criminals in the ], he was also obedient to his superiors in the ], a reform or "Recollection" movement in the Augustinian Order, which took elements from the Protestant Reformation. Saint Ezekiel Moreno also became the leader of a political movement when he became a Bishop of ].<ref>http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/octubre1993/octubre2.htm</ref>
			], the present day University of San Agustin. It waS built to counter ] by Spanish ] Augustinian friars through their American confreres.]]
			In Iloilo, American Catholics countered the Protestant American missions and the American Catholic bishops, like Frederick Rooker, ], and James McCloskey, were named for the Roman Catholic See of Jaro in Iloilo City. These bishops sustained the educational achievements of the Spanish friars by bringing in American and European Catholic missionaries, among whom were the ], and ]. The Augustinians, who were the first to bring the Christian faith in the Philippines as well as in Panay island, and who built the centuries-old heritage churches in this island,<ref>Cf. Fr. Juan Fernandez, O.S.A, Monografias de los pueblos de la isla de Panay in Monographs of the Towns of Panay, Jose Espinosa, Jr., trans., Iloilo City: University of San Augustine, 2006</ref> established the Collegio de San Agustín in 1904, which eventually became the only university of the Augustinian Order in Asia. During the American regime, their confreres from the United States developed evermore this institution, which later became the first university in Iloilo. The American Catholic Bishops also maintained and upgraded the St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary (established in 1869 as the Collegio-Seminario de San Vicente Ferrer), which was the first institution of higher learning in Western Visayas. Despite the Augustinians being Catholics and Baptists being Protestants, they mutually enriched each other through dialogue mainly because Augustinian ideals were the foundations of Protestantism since the first Protestant was ] and he was a former Augustinian priest himself and the Protestant zeal for reformation from corruption even started some reform in the church itself. ] who was ordained in the Minor Orders in Jaro, Iloilo had walked the fine line between reform, obedience and leadership since he ministered and walked hand in hand with condemned rebels and criminals in the ], he was also obedient to his superiors in the ], a reform or "Recollection" movement in the Augustinian Order, which took elements from the Protestant Reformation. Saint Ezekiel Moreno also became the leader of a political movement when he became a Bishop of ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/octubre1993/octubre2.htm |title=Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango |access-date=April 24, 2019 |archive-date=December 1, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201193356/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/octubre1993/octubre2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	The visitation of Saint Ezekiel Moreno is a harmonized incarnation of the ancient ] in Spain when different religions and kingdoms; Pagan, Christian, Jewish and Muslim lived side by side and struggled to maintain their perspective purity, contested with each other and yet also mutually enriched each other without turning into a mongrelized melting pot of a mixed up and confused morass. Coincidentally, Saint Ezekiel Moreno was ordained in the Minor Orders in the then church of Jaro which housed a Virgin Mary statue under the Title of "]". An image with complex Convivència alluding properties due to the confluence of many symbols from various cultures simultaneously present in the image but it is likely not earthly of nature and is a pure grace direct from heaven or an image "Not carved by human hands" due to its miraculous nature which was found floating in a river, shifting in weight and growing in size.		The visitation of Saint Ezekiel Moreno is a harmonized incarnation of the ancient ] in Spain when different religions and kingdoms; Pagan, Christian, Jewish and Muslim lived side by side and struggled to maintain their perspective purity, contested with each other and yet also mutually enriched each other without turning into a mongrelized melting pot of a mixed up and confused morass. Coincidentally, Saint Ezekiel Moreno was ordained in the Minor Orders in the then church of Jaro which housed a Virgin Mary statue under the Title of "]". An image with complex Convivència alluding properties due to the confluence of many symbols from various cultures simultaneously present in the image but it is likely not earthly of nature and is a pure grace direct from heaven or an image "Not carved by human hands" due to its miraculous nature which was found floating in a river, shifting in weight and growing in size.
	]		]
	The Paulinian Sisters took charge of St. Paul Hospital, originally owned by the Catholic Diocese of Jaro. Bishop Dennis Joseph Dougherty, who later became ] ] of ], gave the medical facilities to the Sisters. To commemorate the bishop's generosity, the hospital named a more recent section of the facilities after him: the CADMA (Cardinal Dougherty Medical Annex). To meet the growing need to provide nurses for their hospital, the Paulinians also opened a nursing school. Today, this institution has also become a university (]), and has ever since supplied high-quality healthcare professionals known worldwide for their skills and dedication to work.		The Paulinian Sisters took charge of St. Paul Hospital, originally owned by the Catholic Diocese of Jaro. Bishop Dennis Joseph Dougherty, who later became ] ] of ], gave the medical facilities to the Sisters. To commemorate the bishop's generosity, the hospital named a more recent section of the facilities after him: the CADMA (Cardinal Dougherty Medical Annex). To meet the growing need to provide nurses for their hospital, the Paulinians also opened a nursing school. Today, this institution has also become a university (]), and has ever since supplied high-quality healthcare professionals known worldwide for their skills and dedication to work.
	]		]
	During the American colonial occupation, one of the platforms by the colonial government was first to establish and implement a public education system in the islands and the ] were deployed and commissioned by the American government to teach in the public schools that will be established. The Thomasites tolerated religious freedom, which is one of the foundations of the United States constitution and legacy to the Philippines, while commissioned and under their tutelage to teach in public schools during the colonial period. Public schools that were established when the Thomasites came to Iloilo are Iloilo Normal School, the present-day ] (formally established in 1924 but dates back its founding in 1902 as part of the Philippine Normal School System in the Philippines); the Iloilo National High School, the first public provincial high school in the islands; and Baluarte Elementary School, the first public elementary school in the islands.
			During the American colonial occupation, one of the platforms by the colonial government was first to establish and implement a public education system in the islands and the ] were deployed and commissioned by the American government to teach in the public schools that will be established. The Thomasites tolerated religious freedom, which is one of the foundations of the United States constitution and legacy to the Philippines, while commissioned and under their tutelage to teach in public schools during the colonial period. Public schools that were established when the Thomasites came to Iloilo are Iloilo Normal School, the present-day ] (formally established in 1924 but dates back its founding in 1902 as part of the ] System in the Philippines); the Iloilo National High School, the first public provincial high school in the islands; and Baluarte Elementary School, the first public elementary school in the islands.
	Commonwealth Act No. 57 was passed in 1936 granting city status to Iloilo; this charter was immediately amended by Commonwealth Act No. 158 some days later to incorporate the municipalities of La Paz and Arevalo as part of the new city's territory.<ref>{{Citation |title=Commonwealth Act No. 158 - An Act to amend Commonwealth Act Numbered Fifty-seven, entitled "An Act establishing a form of government for the City of Iloilo |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/29/16363 |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> Iloilo regained cityhood status on 16 July 1937, through Commonwealth Act 158. Incorporated as part of Iloilo City were the towns of La Paz and Arévalo and inaugurated on 25 August 1937. The municipality of Jaro, on the other hand, was incorporated into Iloilo City some years later by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 604 22 August 1940, which amended the city charter of Iloilo to include, into Iloilo City, the municipality of Jaro "on the date that the President of the Philippines may set by proclamation".<ref>{{Citation |title=Commonwealth Act No. 604 - An Act to Amend Certain Sections of the Charter of the City of Iloilo |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/29/36860 |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> To that effect, President Manuel L. Quezon issued Proclamation No. 663 on 7 January 1941, giving 16 January as the date of Jaro's incorporation into Iloilo City.<ref>{{Citation |title=Proclamation No. 663, s. 1941 - "Annexing the municipality of Jaro to the territorial jurisdiction of the city of Iloilo" |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/01/07/proclamation-no-663-s-1941/ |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> Sugar's demand was declining, labor unrests in the port area scared the investors away, and the opening of the sub-port of Pulupandan in Negros Occidental moved the sugar importation closer to the sugar farms.
			Commonwealth Act No. 57 was passed in 1936 granting city status to Iloilo; this charter was immediately amended by Commonwealth Act No. 158 some days later to incorporate the municipalities of La Paz and Arevalo as part of the new city's territory.<ref>{{Citation |title=Commonwealth Act No. 158 – An Act to amend Commonwealth Act Numbered Fifty-seven, entitled "An Act establishing a form of government for the City of Iloilo |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/29/16363 |access-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231112457/http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/29/16363 |url-status=live }}</ref> Iloilo regained cityhood status on July 16, 1937, through Commonwealth Act 158. Incorporated as part of Iloilo City were the towns of La Paz and Arévalo and inaugurated on August 25, 1937. The municipality of Jaro, on the other hand, was incorporated into Iloilo City some years later by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 604 22 August 1940, which amended the city charter of Iloilo to include, into Iloilo City, the municipality of Jaro "on the date that the President of the Philippines may set by proclamation".<ref>{{Citation |title=Commonwealth Act No. 604 – An Act to Amend Certain Sections of the Charter of the City of Iloilo |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/29/36860 |publisher=Supreme Court E-Library |access-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231064024/http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/29/36860 |url-status=live }}</ref> To that effect, President Manuel L. Quezon issued Proclamation No. 663 on January 7, 1941, giving January 16 as the date of Jaro's incorporation into Iloilo City.<ref>{{Citation |title=Proclamation No. 663, s. 1941 – "Annexing the municipality of Jaro to the territorial jurisdiction of the city of Iloilo" |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/01/07/proclamation-no-663-s-1941/ |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |access-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015234333/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/01/07/proclamation-no-663-s-1941/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sugar's demand was declining, labor unrests in the port area scared the investors away, and the opening of the sub-port of Pulupandan in Negros Occidental moved the sugar importation closer to the sugar farms.
	===Japanese occupation (1942–1945)===		===Japanese occupation (1942–1945)===
	]'s main campus north-eastern side aerial view in the 1960s. During the onset of ], Central's entire properties on its main campus were heavily destroyed. The war torned university's main campus was rebuilt after the post-war, resulting for a well-laid campus plan dotted with ] and ] trees and home to a plethora of century old colonial ] heritage structures built in the early 1900s.]]		]'s main campus north-eastern side aerial view in the 1960s. During the onset of ], Central's entire properties on its main campus were heavily destroyed. The war-torn university's main campus was rebuilt after the post-war, resulting for a well-laid campus plan dotted with ] and ] trees and home to a plethora of century-old colonial ] heritage structures built in the early 1900s.]]
			By 1942, the Japanese invaded Panay and the economy moved into a standstill. During World War II, Iloilo was controlled by several Japanese battalions. Japan's ultimate goal was to entrench itself deeply into the Philippines so that at the close of the war they could occupy it just as the Spanish and the Americans had years before. The Japanese built "comfort stations" in Iloilo in 1942, where they imprisoned Filipino "]" who they routinely gang-raped, brutalized, and murdered for entertainment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/11/29/939811000/philippine-survivor-recounts-her-struggle-as-a-comfort-woman-for-wartime-japan|title=Philippine Survivor Recounts Her Struggle As A 'Comfort Woman' For Wartime Japan|newspaper=NPR.org|publisher=NPR|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=November 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116023658/https://www.npr.org/2020/11/29/939811000/philippine-survivor-recounts-her-struggle-as-a-comfort-woman-for-wartime-japan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IsBB-RVTlQC&dq=comfort+gay+philippines+japan&pg=PR9|title=The Other Empire: Literary Views of Japan from the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia|year=2008|publisher=The University of the Philippines Press|isbn=9789715425629|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=April 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425112742/https://books.google.com/books?id=9IsBB-RVTlQC&dq=comfort+gay+philippines+japan&pg=PR9#v=onepage&q=comfort%20gay%20philippines%20japan&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.awf.or.jp/e1/philippine-00.html | title=Women made to be Comfort Women - Philippines | access-date=April 14, 2023 | archive-date=February 18, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218032805/https://www.awf.or.jp/e1/philippine-00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, during the Japanese occupation, ], freed most of Panay (with little exceptions) from Japanese imperialism, thus other allied guerillas in other provinces from ], ], ] and portions of ] and ], considered majority liberated ], the "]" in their alliance network.<ref name=Lapham>Lapham, R., and Norling, B., 1996, Lapham's Raiders, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky,{{ISBN|0813119499}}</ref>{{rp|110}}
	By 1942, the Japanese invaded Panay and the economy moved into a standstill. During World War II, Iloilo was controlled by several Japanese battalions. Japan's ultimate goal was to entrench itself deeply into the Philippines so that at the close of the war they could occupy it just as the Spanish and the Americans had years before.
	When Iloilo was liberated by Filipino and American forces from Japanese military occupation on 25 March 1945, the remnants of these battalions were held in Jaro Plaza as a makeshift detention facility.<ref name=Lopez/>		When Iloilo was liberated by Filipino and American forces from Japanese military occupation on March 25, 1945, the remnants of these battalions were held in ] as a makeshift detention facility.<ref name=Lopez/>
	=== Post-war decline ===		=== Post-war decline ===
	The war heavily damaged the infrastructure in Iloilo. However, the continuing conflict between the labor unions in the port area, declining sugar economy, and the deteriorating peace and order situation in the countryside, the exodus of Ilonggos to other cities, provinces/regions and islands that offered better opportunities and business. People were moving to other cities such as Bacolod, Cebu, and Manila that led to Iloilo's decline in economic importance in central Philippines. Rural agricultural areas continued to help the local economy. For years, because of this exodus of investors, Iloilo's economy progressed in a moderate pace.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCoy |first1=Alfred |year=1982|title=A Queen Dies Slowly |journal=Philippine Social History : Global Trade and Local Transformations |publisher=Ateneo de Manila University Press |pages=289–358}}</ref>		The war heavily damaged the infrastructure in Iloilo. However, the continuing conflict between the labor unions in the port area, declining sugar economy, and the deteriorating peace and order situation in the countryside, the exodus of Ilonggos to other cities, provinces/regions and islands that offered better opportunities and business. People were moving to other cities such as Bacolod, Cebu, and Manila that led to Iloilo's decline in economic importance in central Philippines. Rural agricultural areas continued to help the local economy. For years, because of this exodus of investors, Iloilo's economy progressed in a moderate pace.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCoy |first1=Alfred |year=1982|title=A Queen Dies Slowly |journal=Philippine Social History |publisher=Ateneo de Manila University Press |pages=289–358}}</ref>
	Change slowly came. First came the construction of the fishing port and a new international seaport. One by one, commercial business firms invested in Iloilo, spurring on the city to its eventual recovery.		Change slowly came. First came the construction of the fishing port and a new international seaport. One by one, commercial business firms invested in Iloilo, spurring on the city to its eventual recovery.
	Iloilo became a highly urbanized city in 1979 by the virtue of Batas Pambansa Blg. 51. Corollary to this new status, its residents effectively lost their eligibility to vote for provincial officials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/bataspambansa/bataspambansablg51.html#.WLR7h_LK08g |title=Batas Pambansa Blg. 51 - An Act Providing For The Elective Or Appointive Positions In Various Local Governments And For Other Purposes |date=22 December 1979 |publisher= Chan Robles Virtual Law Library |access-date=27 February 2016}}</ref>		Iloilo became a highly urbanized city on December 22, 1979, by the virtue of Batas Pambansa Blg. 51. Corollary to this new status, its residents effectively lost their eligibility to vote for provincial officials.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/bataspambansa/bataspambansablg51.html#.WLR7h_LK08g |title=Batas Pambansa Blg. 51 – An Act Providing For The Elective Or Appointive Positions In Various Local Governments And For Other Purposes |date=December 22, 1979 |publisher=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library |access-date=February 27, 2016 |archive-date=March 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314185545/http://www.chanrobles.com/bataspambansa/bataspambansablg51.html#.WLR7h_LK08g |url-status=live }}</ref>
			=== Iloilo during the Marcos dictatorship ===
			{{main|Marcos dictatorship|Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship}}
			The closing weeks of 1969 marked the beginning of a period of unrest in the Philippines. The debt-driven projects initiated by ] had succeeded in the political goal of getting him re-elected, but resulted in the ] just after the elections in November 1969.<ref name=Balbosas1992>{{Cite journal |last=Balbosa |first=Joven Zamoras |date=1992 |title=IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines |journal=Journal of Philippine Development |volume=XIX |issue=35 |url=https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf |access-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921141056/https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="CamilleDiola">{{Cite news |url=https://newslab.philstar.com/31-years-of-amnesia/golden-era |title=Debt, deprivation and spoils of dictatorship {{!}} 31 years of amnesia |last=Diola |first=Camille |work=The Philippine Star |access-date=May 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626200905/https://newslab.philstar.com/31-years-of-amnesia/golden-era |archive-date=June 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> By the time of his second inauguration on December 30, 1969, the value of the Peso had begun to crash, and inflation led to the three-month period of social unrest now known as the ].<ref name=Balbosas1992/><ref name="CamilleDiola"/><ref name="Cororaton1997">{{Cite journal |last=Cororaton |first=Cesar B. |title=Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines |journal=DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05 |pages=3, 19}}</ref><ref name="Balisacan&Hill2003">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet |title=The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges |last1=Balisacan |first1=A. M. |last2=Hill |first2=Hal |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195158984 |language=en |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218080523/https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet |url-status=live }}</ref> While major protests were taking place in the Philippine capital in Manila, protests also rocked Iloilo City. Students from the Baptist-founded Central Philippine University (and the nearby Western Institute of Technology in La Paz) became particularly active leaders in these protests, organizing themseleves into the Federation of Ilonggo Students or FIST. Among the student leaders in this organization were Vic Beloria, Renato Ganchero, Virgil Ortigas, and the brothers Napoleon and Rolando Lorca - all of whom would later be forced to go into hiding upon Marcos' declaration of martial law, lose their lives resisting the dictatorship, and be honored as martyrs of the fight against the Marcos regime by having their names inscribed on the wall at the Philippines' ] (Heroes' memorial).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/vic-beloria/ | title=Vic Beloria - Bantayog ng mga Bayani | date=May 26, 2023 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223170927/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/vic-beloria/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/napoleon-lorca/ | title=Napoleon Lorca - Bantayog ng mga Bayani | date=June 13, 2023 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223170928/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/napoleon-lorca/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/renato-ganchero/ | title=Renato Ganchero- Bantayog ng mga Bayani | date=May 31, 2023 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223170927/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/renato-ganchero/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BantayogProfileVirgilOrtigas">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Virgil Ortigas |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/virgil-ortigas/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref> Another student who us similarly honored was Edmundo Legislador of the University of the Philippines Iloilo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Ferdie Arceo |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/ferdie-arceo/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref>
			As he approached the end of the last term allowed to him by the Philippine Constitution, Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in 1972.<ref name="Mackerras 2003">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi6DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143 |title=Ethnicity in Asia |date=2004 |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |isbn=0-203-38046-0 |editor-last=Mackerras |editor-first=Colin |location=London |page=143 |access-date=December 22, 2023 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425112742/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi6DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule, historically remembered for ]<ref name="McCoy199909202">{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html|title=Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime|date=September 20, 1999|publisher=]|access-date=December 22, 2023|archive-date=September 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901062823/http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Abinales&Amoroso20052">{{Cite book|title=State and society in the Philippines|last1=Abinales|first1=P.N.|last2=Amoroso|first2=Donna J.|date=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0742510234|location=Lanham, MD|oclc=57452454}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed|title=Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law|work=Rappler|access-date=June 15, 2018|language=en|archive-date=June 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624114207/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the documentation of Amnesty International, Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, and similar human rights monitoring entities,<ref name="amnestyInternational1975">{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/204000/asa350191977en.pdf|title=Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines 22 November – 5 December 1975|date=September 1976|publisher=Amnesty International Publications|access-date=December 22, 2023|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010145425/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/204000/asa350191977en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RachelAGReyes201604122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/3257-fact-checking-the-marcos-killings-1975-1985/255735/|title=3,257: Fact checking the Marcos killings, 1975-1985 - The Manila Times Online|website=www.manilatimes.net|language=en-US|access-date=June 15, 2018|date=April 12, 2016|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419011712/https://www.manilatimes.net/3257-fact-checking-the-marcos-killings-1975-1985/255735/|url-status=live}}</ref> historians believe that the Marcos dictatorship was marked by 3,257 known ],<ref name="RachelAGReyes201604122" /> 35,000 tortures of political detainees, and 70,000 incarcerations.<ref name="amnestyInternational1975"/><ref name="Robles2016">{{Cite book |last=Robles |first=Raissa |title=Marcos Martial Law: Never Again |publisher=Filipinos for a Better Philippines |year=2016}}</ref>
			Iloilo was the location of one of the important detention centers for political prisoners, Camp Delgado. Among the more prominent prisoners detained there included Labor lawyer Rodolfo Lagoc, who was detained there without charges for six months;<ref name="BantayogProfileLagoc">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Atty. Rodolfo Lagoc |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/rodolfo-lagoc/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US |archive-date=December 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219014225/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/rodolfo-lagoc/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and World War II heroine Coronacion “Walingwaling” Chiva, whose status as a legendary World War II heroine was the main reason she was mostly not harmed during detention.<ref name="BantayogProfileWalingWaling">{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Chiva, Coronacion "Walingwaling" |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/chiva-coronacion-walingwaling/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US |archive-date=December 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219014226/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/chiva-coronacion-walingwaling/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Others like activists Luing Posa-Dominado and Judy Taguiwalo were tortured, manhandled, and sexually assaulted<ref name="BantayogProfileDominado">{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Luisa Posa Dominado |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/luisa-posa-dominado/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US |archive-date=December 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219014226/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/luisa-posa-dominado/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For their various roles in the resistance against the authoritarian regime, Lagoc, Chiva, and Posa-Dominado would later be honored by having their names inscribed on the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the martyrs and heroes of the era.<ref name="BantayogProfileLagoc"/><ref name="BantayogProfileWalingWaling"/><ref name="BantayogProfileDominado"/> Meanwhile, Taguiwalo later briefly served as the Department of Social Welfare and Development.<ref>{{Cite news |last=INQUIRER.net |date=2017-08-17 |title=IN THE KNOW: Judy Taguiwalo |language=en |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/923370/in-the-know-judy-taguiwalo |access-date=2023-12-22 |archive-date=December 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222165110/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/923370/in-the-know-judy-taguiwalo |url-status=live }}</ref>
	=== 21st century and economic boom ===		=== 21st century and economic boom ===
	After the opening of the new commercial and business center in Mandurriao district and with the construction of a national highway that traverses this area, big businesses like the ], ], ], ], and ] poured in huge investments in the city, giving impetus and catalyst toward future progress.		After the opening of the new commercial and business center in Mandurriao district and with the construction of a national highway that traverses this area, big businesses like the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] poured in huge investments in the city, giving impetus and catalyst toward future progress.
			Furthermore, the rapid urbanization has extended beyond the city limits, resulting in extensive development and investments that have benefited the surrounding towns within Metro Iloilo. Distinguished developers, including ], ], Global-Estate Resorts, Robinsons Land, Ayala Corporation, and International Builders Corporation, have actively contributed to shaping the evolving skyline of Metro Iloilo, outside the boundaries of Iloilo City.
	== Geography ==		== Geography ==
			]
	], ].|alt=The districts are Jaro, La Paz, Mandurriao, Lapuz, City Proper, Molo, and Villa Arevalo.]]
	Iloilo City is located in the southern shores of Panay Island. The city faces Iloilo Strait and Guimaras Island across it, making it a natural harbor and a safe anchorage for ships. It is bordered by the towns of Oton in the west, Pavia in the north and ] in the northeast. Just across the ] in its eastern and southern coastlines, are the towns of ] and ] in the island-province of Guimaras.		Iloilo City is located in the southern shores of Panay Island. The city faces Iloilo Strait and Guimaras Island across it, making it a natural harbor and a safe anchorage for ships. It is bordered by the towns of Oton in the west, Pavia in the north and ] in the northeast. Just across the ] in its eastern and southern coastlines, are the towns of ] and ] in the island-province of ]
			.
	The city lies on a flat alluvial plain, reclaimed mostly from the swampy areas due to urbanization and industrialization in the late 19th century until the present. Traversing the city are the rivers of Iloilo, Batiano, Jaro and Dungon Creek. ] is an ] that separates the districts of City Proper, Molo and Villa Arevalo from the rest of the city. On the other hand, Jaro River is fed by its tributary rivers, Aganan and Tigum. Lately, a new escape channel for floodwaters coming from these two rivers to Iloilo Straight was developed, the Jaro Floodway. Iloilo City is {{convert|337.6|nmi|km|-1}} from Manila, {{convert|116|km}} from ], {{convert|158|km}} from ], and {{convert|97|km}} from ]. The city has a total land area of {{convert|70.3|km²|1|abbr=out}}.<ref name =profile>{{Citation | title = Socio-Economic Profile 2004 of Iloilo City | publisher = The City Government of Iloilo | year = 2004 }}</ref>		The city lies on a flat alluvial plain, reclaimed mostly from the swampy areas due to urbanization and industrialization in the late 19th century until the present. Traversing the city are the rivers of Iloilo, ], Jaro and Dungon Creek. ] is an ] that separates the districts of City Proper, Molo and Villa Arevalo from the rest of the city. On the other hand, Jaro River is fed by its tributary rivers, Aganan and Tigum. Lately, a new escape channel for floodwaters coming from these two rivers to Iloilo Straight was developed, the Jaro Floodway. Iloilo City is {{convert|337.6|nmi|km|-1}} from Manila, {{convert|116|km}} from ], {{convert|158|km}} from ], and {{convert|97|km}} from ]. The city has a total land area of {{convert|70.3|km²|1|abbr=out}}.<ref name =profile>{{Citation | title = Socio-Economic Profile 2004 of Iloilo City | publisher = The City Government of Iloilo | year = 2004 }}</ref>
	The city is divided into seven geographical districts. All of the districts were once individual towns, excluding Lapuz, which was a sub-district of La Paz until 2008.{{refn|In 1903, the municipalities of Jaro, La Paz, Mandurriao, and Molo, were incorporated into the municipality of Iloilo. Pavia was also incorporated into Iloilo from Santa Barbara in 1905. In 1908, Pavia and Jaro were separated from Iloilo and constituted as the municipality of Jaro. La Paz was re-established as a separate municipality in 1920. In 1937, the town of Iloilo was amalgamated with the towns of La Paz and Arévalo as one ]. The municipality of ], on the other hand, was re-incorporated into Iloilo City in 1941.}} All districts have their own town centers complete with a plaza, a Roman Catholic church, a fire station, a police station and a public market. City Proper is a commercial area and the political center of the city and the Province of Iloilo and the Regional Government Center of Western Visayas.		The city is divided into seven geographical districts. All of the districts were once individual towns, excluding Lapuz, which was a sub-district of La Paz until 2008.{{refn|In 1903, the municipalities of Jaro, La Paz, Mandurriao, and Molo, were incorporated into the municipality of Iloilo. Pavia was also incorporated into Iloilo from Santa Barbara in 1905. In 1908, Pavia and Jaro were separated from Iloilo and constituted as the municipality of Jaro. La Paz was re-established as a separate municipality in 1920. In 1937, the town of Iloilo was amalgamated with the towns of La Paz and Arévalo as one ]. The municipality of ], on the other hand, was re-incorporated into Iloilo City in 1941.}} All districts have their own town centers complete with a plaza, a Roman Catholic church, a fire station, a police station and a public market. City Proper is a commercial area and the political center of the city and the Province of Iloilo and the Regional Government Center of Western Visayas.
	Iloilo City is the center of the only officially recognized Metropolitan Area in Western Visayas.{{efn|Presidential Executive Order No. 559 of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed on 28 August 2006}} The metropolitan area is composed of the City of Iloilo, the municipalities of Leganes, Pavia, Santa Barbara, Cabatuan, San Miguel, Oton, the Island Province of Guimaras and its five municipalities, namely – Sibunag, San Lorenzo, Nueva Valencia, Buenavista and Jordan.		Iloilo City is the center of the only officially recognized ] in Western Visayas.{{efn|Presidential Executive Order No. 559 of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed on August 28, 2006}} The ] is composed of the City of Iloilo, the municipalities of Leganes, Pavia, ], ], ], Oton, the Island Province of Guimaras and its five municipalities, namely – ], ], ], Buenavista and Jordan.<!-- Please do not revert to turn back the former article with auto collapse list of Barangays in Iloilo City because it consumes a lot of space designated for a said part of article. There is already a list of Barangays in Iloilo City in the map above of the city.!-->
			=== Barangays and districts ===
			{{main|Districts of Iloilo City}}
			]
			Iloilo is politically subdivided into 180 barangays. Each barangay consists of ]s and some have ].
			The city of Iloilo has ] and is further divided into ], which are also subdivided into ]s (barrios), with a total of 180 city barangays.
	The city of Iloilo has only ] and is subdivided into 180 ]s (]s).<ref>{{cite news |work=SunStar|last =Espejo, Jr. | first =Boy | title =Pacifico Sudario: The man who coined "Dinagyang" | publisher =Sun.Star Network Online | url =http://www.sunstar.com.ph/specials/dinagyang%202003/features.html | access-date =8 August 2009 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090604062700/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/specials/dinagyang%202003/features.html | archive-date =4 June 2009 }}</ref>
			{| style="table-layout:fixed;"
	<!-- Please do not revert to turn back the former article with auto collapse list of Barangays in Iloilo City because it consumes a lot of space designated for a said part of article. There is already a list of Barangays in Iloilo City in the map above of the city.!-->
			|
			{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;table-layout:fixed;margin:auto;font-size:90%;background-color:#FEFEFE;"
			! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" |]
			! colspan="2" scope="col" |Area
			! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" |Population
			(2020)
			! colspan="2" scope="col" |Density
			! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" |]s
			|-
			! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
			! scope="col" |{{abbr|km<sup>2</sup>|area in square kilometers}}
			! scope="col" |{{abbr|sq mi|area in square miles}}
			! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
			! scope="col" |{{abbr|/km<sup>2</sup>|density per square kilometer}}
			! scope="col" |{{abbr|/sq mi|density per square mile}}
			! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
			|-
			! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FDFDFD;" | ]
			| {{convert|7.58|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| 55,476
			| {{convert|{{sigfig|55476/7.58|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| style="text-align:center;" |13 ]
			|-bgcolor="#FFE7BA"
			! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FFE7BA;" | ]
			| {{convert|3.73|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| 46,350
			| {{convert|{{sigfig|46350/3.73|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| style="text-align:center;" |45 ]
			|-
			! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FDFDFD;" | ]
			| {{convert|27.48|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| 130,700
			| {{convert|{{sigfig|130700/27.48|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| style="text-align:center;" |42 ]
			|-
			! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FDFDFD;" | ]
			| {{convert|11.33|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| 54,720
			| {{convert|{{sigfig|54720/11.33|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| style="text-align:center;" |25 ]
			|-
			! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FDFDFD;" | ]
			| {{convert|3.25|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| 31,747
			| {{convert|{{sigfig|31747/3.25|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| style="text-align:center;" |12 ]
			|-
			! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FDFDFD;" | ]
			| {{convert|13.78|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| 62,240
			| {{convert|{{sigfig|62240/13.78|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| style="text-align:center;" |18 ]
			|-
			! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FDFDFD;" | ]
			| {{convert|5.54|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| 76,393
			| {{convert|{{sigfig|76393/5.54|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
			| style="text-align:center;" |25 ]
			|}
			|}
	===Climate===		===Climate===
Line 526:		Line 649:
	| year humidity = 81		| year humidity = 81
	<!--Mandatory fields, source-->		<!--Mandatory fields, source-->
	| source 1 = Climate Charts<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/p/PH98637.php |title=Climate (Average Weather) Data |publisher=Climate Charts |access-date=13 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511142023/http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/p/PH98637.php |archive-date=11 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>		| source 1 = Climate Charts<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/p/PH98637.php |title=Climate (Average Weather) Data |publisher=Climate Charts |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511142023/http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/p/PH98637.php |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	| source 2 = ] (rainy days),<ref name = DWD>		| source 2 = ] (rainy days),<ref name = DWD>{{cite web
	{{cite web
	| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_986370_kt.pdf		| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_986370_kt.pdf
	| title = Klimatafel von Iloilo / Insel Panay / Philippinen		| title = Klimatafel von Iloilo / Insel Panay / Philippinen
	| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world		| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
	| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst		| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
	| language = de		| language = de
			| access-date = April 5, 2017
	| access-date = 5 April 2017}}</ref> ] (records)<ref name=PAGASAextremes>
			| archive-date = August 23, 2019
			| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190823194215/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_986370_kt.pdf
			| url-status = live
			}}</ref> ] (records)<ref name=PAGASAextremes>
	{{cite web		{{cite web
	| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181014232458/https://data.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pagasaclimextriloilocity.csv		| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181014232458/https://data.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pagasaclimextriloilocity.csv
	| archive-date = 14 October 2018		| archive-date = October 14, 2018
	| url = https://data.gov.ph/?q=dataset/climatological-extremes/resource/d8e3c26d-6c44-45b5-9da3-3884fc820cf7		| url = https://data.gov.ph/?q=dataset/climatological-extremes/resource/d8e3c26d-6c44-45b5-9da3-3884fc820cf7
	| title = Iloilo City Climatological Extremes		| title = Iloilo City Climatological Extremes
	| publisher = Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration		| publisher = Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
	| access-date = 14 October 2018}}</ref>		| access-date = October 14, 2018}}</ref>
	| date = March 2011		| date = March 2011
	}}		}}
Line 547:		Line 673:
	==Demographics==		==Demographics==
	{{Philippine Census		{{Philippine Census
	| align= right		| align= none
			| cols = 3
	| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}		| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
	| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}		| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
Line 563:		Line 690:
	| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}		| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
	| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}		| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
	| 2020 =		| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
	| 2025 =		| 2025 =
	| 2030 =		| 2030 =
	| footnote= Source: ]{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}}		| footnote= Source: ]{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}}
	}}		}}
	=== Language ===		=== Language ===
	{{main|Hiligaynon language}}		{{main|Hiligaynon language}}
	Hiligaynon is the dominant language of Iloilo City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vicilongo.weebly.com/language.html|title=Language|website=Research Center for Iloilo}}</ref> ] is used as the language of business and education. In addition, other local languages such as ] (also known as Kinaray-a or obsolete Haraya) is also spoken. ], once widely spoken during the colonial era up to the 1980s, is dying out, though a broken Spanish creole is spoken by a few of some Spanish-blood families and elderly sugar barons.		] is the dominant language of Iloilo City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vicilongo.weebly.com/language.html|title=Language|website=Research Center for Iloilo|access-date=September 7, 2019|archive-date=August 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807152925/http://vicilongo.weebly.com/language.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ] is used as the language of business and education. In addition, other local languages, such as ] (also known as Kinaray-a or obsolete Haraya), are also spoken by the minority coming from some parts of the province. ], once widely spoken during the colonial era up to the 1980s, is dying out, though a broken Spanish creole is spoken by a few of some Spanish-blood families and elderly sugar barons.
	Hiligaynon is spoken in Panay, Guimaras and Negros islands, and is part of the ] of the ]. Because Iloilo was a former Spanish colony for 300 years, Hiligaynon is heavily influenced by the Spanish language with a plethora of loaned words ''(Guerra, Puerta, Golpe, Aguanta, Puerto, Calle, and Edificio, among others)''. Hiligaynon is mainly concentrated in the provinces of Iloilo, Guimaras and Negros Occidental. The language is referred to as "Ilonggo" ({{lang-es|Ilongo/Ylongo}}) in Iloilo and Negros Occidental. More precisely, "Ilonggo" is the ethno-linguistic group referring to the inhabitants of Iloilo and the culture associated with native Hiligaynon speakers. The distinction between the terms, Ilonggo and Hiligaynon, is unclear however, as many townspeople state that Hiligaynon is the language being spoken and Ilonggo is a term used to refer a person living in Iloilo or its associated culture and ethnicity.		Hiligaynon is spoken in Panay, Guimaras and Negros islands, and is part of the ] of the ]. It became the main language of ] in ], where majority of the residents are of Hiligaynon descent. Because Iloilo was a former Spanish colony for 300 years, Hiligaynon is heavily influenced by the Spanish language with a plethora of loaned words (''Guerra, Puerta, Golpe, Aguanta, Puerto, Calle'', and ''Edificio'', among others). Hiligaynon is mainly concentrated in the provinces of Iloilo, Guimaras and Negros Occidental. The language is referred to as "Ilonggo" ({{langx|es|Ilongo/Ylongo}}) in Iloilo and Negros Occidental. More precisely, "Ilonggo" is the ethno-linguistic group referring to the inhabitants of Iloilo and the culture associated with native Hiligaynon speakers. The distinction between the terms, Ilonggo and Hiligaynon, is unclear however, as many townspeople state that Hiligaynon is the language being spoken and Ilonggo is a term used to refer a person living in Iloilo or its associated culture and ethnicity.
			=== Population ===
			Based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH), Iloilo City, a highly urbanized city in the province of Iloilo, posted a total population of 424,619 persons as of May 1, 2010. This is larger by 58,228 persons compared to its total population of 366,391 persons counted in the 2000 CPH. The increase in the population count from 2000 to 2010 translated to an average annual population growth rate (PGR) of 1.49 percent. This is lower than the 1.70 percent annual PGR of the city between the census years 1990 and 2000.
			If the average annual PGR recorded at 1.49 percent during the period 2000 to 2010 continues, the population of Iloilo City would double in 47 years.
			Forty years ago, the population of Iloilo City was only 209,738 persons. This population size is one-half of the population of the city in the 2010 CPH.
			Among the 180 barangays comprising Iloilo City, barangay Calumpang was the most populous. Its population size was 2.6 percent of the total population of the city. San Juan came in second in terms of population size, with 2.3 percent share. This was followed by Balabago and Tabuc Suba (Jaro) with 2.0 percent each, Calaparan and So-oc with 1.9 percent each, Molo Boulevard with 1.8 percent, Santo Niño Sur with 1.7 percent, Cubay and Obrero-Lapuz with 1.6 percent each, and Bolilao with 1.5 percent. The rest of the barangays contributed less than 1.5 percent each.
			The least populated barangay was Roxas Village with less than 0.1 percent share to the total population of the city. It was also the least populated barangay in 2000.
	=== Religion ===		=== Religion ===
			] or ''National Shrine of Our Lady of Candles'' of the ] is seat of the ''Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas'' and Candelaria devotion in the Philippines.]]
	{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2020}}
			As the second National Shrine in the Visayas and Mindanao (first in Western Visayas and second Marian dedicated church to do so in Visayas and Mindanao), Jaro Metropolitan Cathedral is widely known as the seat of Candelaria devotion in the Philippines and Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas.
	] ''(]) or National Shrine of Our Lady of Candles'' is the seat of the ] and the ''Seat of Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas''. It is one of the largest Roman Catholic Archdioceses in the Philippines and formerly, the Archdiocese of ], Diocese of Dumaguete, the islands of ], ] and ] were parts of its ecclesiastical jurisdiction before they separated.]]
			], the incumbent Roman Catholic Archbishop of Jaro.]]
	As the second National Shrine in the Visayas (first in Western Visayas and first Marian dedicated church to do so outside Luzon), Jaro Cathedral is likewise widely known as the seat of Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas.
			Iloilo City is one of the notable centers of faith in the Philippines. Due to the heavy religions missions during the 300 years of Spanish colonialization, the city's population is predominant Catholic with over 90% belonging to the Roman Catholic Church. Other religious minorities such as Protestants (5%), {{lang|tl|Iglesia ni Cristo|italic=no}} (2%) and ] (1%) (also a form of Episcopal ]) have a significant presence at the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Iloilo%20City_Statistical%20Tables.xls |title=Statistics |website=psa.gov.ph |access-date=October 15, 2019 |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025055817/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Iloilo%20City_Statistical%20Tables.xls |url-status=live }}</ref>
	], the incumbent Roman Catholic Archbishop of Jaro.]]
			The former city of Jaro (one of the present districts (boroughs) of Iloilo City) is the seat of bishopric and pioneer Christian institutions not only in Western Visayas but in the whole Philippines established through the Spanish colonization. The Spaniards which brought the Catholic faith established the ] metropolitan see of the ] with its diocesan cathedral while the Americans which brought the Protestantism established the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches (the first and oldest Baptist churches organization in the Philippines), the Jaro Evangelical Church (the first Baptist church in the Philippine islands), and Jaro Adventist Center (first organized Adventist church in the Philippines).
	Iloilo City is one of the notable centers of faith in the Philippines. Due to the heavy Spanish Missions, the city's population is predominant Catholic with over 95% belonging to the Roman Catholic Church. Other religious minorities such as Protestants (5%), Iglesia NI Cristo (2%) and Aglipayans (1%) (also a form of Episcopal ]) have a significant presence at the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Iloilo%20City_Statistical%20Tables.xls |title=Statistics |website=psa.gov.ph |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>
			The Roman Catholic Archdiocese is one of the oldest and largest bishopric sees in the country. It was established as a parish in 1587 initially covering Catmon, Cabatuan and Maasin. It was created a diocese by virtue of a papal bull of Pope Pius IX on May 27, 1865. It has jurisdiction over sufragan bishops of Mindoro, Palawan, Zamboanga, the province of Iloilo, ], Guimaras, San Jose de Buenavista, ], ], San Carlos and ] in Negros Occidental.
	The former city of Jaro (one of the present districts (boroughs) of Iloilo city) is the seat of bishopric and pioneer Christian institutions not only in Western Visayas but in the whole Philippines established through the Spanish colonization. The Spaniards which brought the Catholic faith established the ] metropolitan see of the ] with its diocesan cathedral while the Americans which brought the Protestantism established the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches (the first and oldest Baptist churches organization in the Philippines), the Jaro Evangelical Church (the first Baptist church in the Philippine islands), and Jaro Adventist Center (first organized Adventist church in the Philippines).
			] (]) in ], the Roman Catholic patron of ]. Crowned personally during the apostolic visit of pope and saint ] in 1981, it is the first marian image to receive such recognition without a papal legate in the Philippines and Asia.]]
	The Roman Catholic Archdiocese is one of the oldest and largest bishopric sees in the country. It was established as a parish in 1587 initially covering Catmon, Cabatuan and Maasin. It was created a diocese by virtue of a papal bull of Pope Pius IX on 27 May 1865 . It has jurisdiction over sufragan bishops of Mindoro, Palawan, Zamboanga, the provinces of Iloilo, ], Guimaras, San Jose de Buenavista, ], ], San Carlos and ] in Negros Occidental.
			It lost some of its territory to establish the Diocese of Zamboanga and Apostolic Prefecture of Palawan. Much later, three other ecclesiastical jurisdictions were established from parts of its territory: Diocese of Bacolod (July 15, 1932), Apostolic Prefecture of Mindoro (July 2, 1936), and Diocese of Capiz (January 27, 1951). The diocese was elevated into a Metropolitan Archdiocese by Pope Pius XII. Later, on March 24, 1962, it lost further some of its territory that resulted to the establishment the Territorial Prelature of San Jose de Antique (but still a part of it at present).
			] of the ].]]
	It lost some of its territory to establish the Diocese of Zamboanga and Apostolic Prefecture of Palawan. Much later, three other ecclesiastical jurisdictions were established from parts of its territory: Diocese of Bacolod (15 July 1932), Apostolic Prefecture of Mindoro (2 July 1936), and Diocese of Capiz (27 January 1951). The diocese was elevated into a Metropolitan Archdiocese by Pope Pius XII. Later, on 24 March 1962, it lost further some of its territory that resulted to the establishment the Territorial Prelature of San Jose de Antique (but still a part of it at present).
			The Jaro Cathedral (National Shrine of the Our Lady of Candles) is the seat of the Archdiocese of Jaro. Saint Elizabeth of Hungary and the Our Lady of Candles is the official Catholic patronesses of the Archdiocese. The ] or Our Lady of the Candles is the official patron of the whole Western Visayas and Romblon.
	], the first Baptist Church in the Philippines (second Protestant Church in the Philippines/first Protestant Church outside Manila both after the ] (1899)).]]
	The Jaro Cathedral (National Shrine of the Our Lady of Candles) is the seat of the Archdiocese of Jaro. Saint Elizabeth of Hungary and the Our Lady of Candles are the official Catholic patronesses of the Archdiocese. The Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria or Our Lady of the Candles is the official patron of the whole Western Visayas and Romblon.		Being designated as a National Shrine, Jaro Cathedral is likewise widely known as the seat of Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas. The said designation (National Shrine) by the ] is the first of its kind in the region, the second in the Visayas (after Cebu), and the first Marian-dedicated church outside of Luzon.
			], the First Baptist Church in the Philippines (first Protestant church outside Manila).]]
	Being designated as a National Shrine, Jaro Cathedral is likewise widely known as the seat of Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas. The said designation (National Shrine) by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines is the first of its kind in the region, the second in Western Visayas (after Cebu), and the first Marian dedicated church outside of Luzon.
	Protestantism forms as the second largest faith in the City of Iloilo. Protestant sects was brought by the Americans when the Philippines was ceded to the American rule by Spain through the 1898 Treaty of Paris.		Protestantism formed as the second-largest faith in the City of Iloilo. Protestant sects were brought by the Americans when the Philippines was ceded to American rule by Spain through the 1898 Treaty of Paris.
	The said faith brought by the United States in the heavily Roman Catholic Iloilo has gained adherents and still continues to grow at present. Iloilo which is one of the pioneering places in the country that Protestants set foot is strongly contributed due to its economic importance in the international scene in the early 1900s. The American colonial government tolerated religious freedom that even to this day Iloilo is still a predominantly Catholic.		The said faith brought by the United States in the heavily Roman Catholic Iloilo has gained adherents and still continues to grow at present. Iloilo which is one of the pioneering places in the country where Protestants set foot strongly contributed due to its economic importance on the international scene in the early 1900s. The American colonial government tolerated religious freedom that even to this day Iloilo is still predominantly Catholic.
	Presbyterians and Baptists are among the first Protestant sects that arrived in Iloilo. The arrival of American brand of Protestant denominations resulted to the establishment of notable pioneering institutions in Iloilo. The Presbyterians established the Iloilo Mission Hospital in 1901 (the first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines) while Baptists established the American John D. Rockefeller funded Central Philippine University in 1905 (the first Baptist and second American university in the Philippines and in Asia), Jaro Evangelical Church in 1900 (the first Baptist church in the Philippines and also the first Protestant church outside Manila (2nd in the Philippines after the Central United Methodist Church in Manila), and the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches (the first and oldest Baptist churches organization in the Philippines).		Presbyterians and Baptists are among the first Protestant sects that arrived in Iloilo. The arrival of the American Protestant denominations resulted in the establishment of notable pioneering institutions in Iloilo. The Presbyterians established the ] in 1901 (the first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines) while Baptists established the American ]-funded ] in 1905 (the first Baptist and second American university in the Philippines and in Asia), ] in 1900 (the first Baptist church in the Philippines and also the first Protestant church outside Manila (2nd in the Philippines after the Central United Methodist Church in Manila), and the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches (the first and oldest Baptist churches organized in the Philippines).
	The Seventh-day Adventists did not join the comity agreement with the early Protestant sects for jurisdictional division on the Philippine islands for missionary works, because they wanted to go to any parts of the country. They arrived years later following the advent of Protestant missions in the Philippines in the early 1900s in Iloilo. Their arrival resulted to the founding of ''Jaro Adventist Center'', the first organized Seventh-day Adventist church in the Philippines.		The Seventh-day Adventists did not join the comity agreement with the early Protestant sects for jurisdictional division on the Philippine islands for missionary works, because they wanted to go to any parts of the country. They arrived years later following the advent of Protestant missions in the Philippines in the early 1900s in Iloilo. Their arrival resulted in the founding of ''Jaro Adventist Center'', the first organized Seventh-day Adventist church outside Manila.
	There are other Christian sects such as ] and ] or Mormon and communities of non-Christian sects like ] which brought by Muslim-Filipinos from the south, ] by the Indian immigrants, and ] and ] which brought by ] immigrants.		There are other Christian sects, such as {{lang|tl|]|italic=no}} and ], and communities of non-Christian sects such as ] brought by Muslim-Filipinos from the south, ] by the Indian immigrants, and ] and ] brought by ] immigrants.
	== Economy ==		== Economy ==
	{{wide image|Downtown Iloilo City Panorama.jpg|850px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Iloilo City's downtown area}}		{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}{{stack|float=center|{{wide image|Downtown Iloilo City Panorama.jpg|950px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Iloilo City's downtown area in ]}}}}
			Iloilo City has the second-largest economy in the Visayas, after Cebu City, with a ] (GDP) of ₱145.05 billion in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Economic Performance of Highly Urbanized Cities Outside the National Capital Region {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Republic of the Philippines |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/2022-economic-performance-highly-urbanized-cities-outside-national-capital-region |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref> It is the hub for trade, commerce, finance, technology, medical tourism, hospitality, real estate, tourism, education, and industry in the Western Visayas region. Major industries in the city include management of port facilities, telecommunications infrastructure and utilities, banking and finance, retail trading, real estate, tourism and ]. The local government has provided incentives to businesses in certain investment areas, such as income tax holidays and free issuance of permits and licenses.<ref name="profile2010">{{citation | author=City Government of Iloilo |title=Socio-Economic Profile 2010 |year = 2010 }}</ref> It is the home of ], headquartered in Iloilo.
			During the Spanish colonial period, sugar was the main export product of Iloilo. The said industry brought immense wealth to the city alongside when its port was opened to the international trade. As a result, known and old-rich families' wealth was propelled by sugarcane plantations. It yielded affluent clans that are known in the region and the country up to today, which originated in Iloilo—''Lacson'', ''Locsin'', ''Ledesma'', ''Montinola'', ''Lopez'', to name a few. After World War II, the sugar industry in Iloilo waned, and the importance of the city as the second most important economic center next to Manila diminished.
	Iloilo City is a hub for trade, commerce, finance, technology, medical tourism, hospitality, real estate, tourism, education, and industry in the Western Visayas region. Major industries in the city include management of port facilities, telecommunications infrastructure and utilities, banking and finance, retail trading, real estate, tourism and ]. The local government has provided incentives to businesses in certain investment areas, such as income tax holidays and free issuance of permits and licenses.<ref name="profile2010">{{cite web | author=City Government of Iloilo |title=Socio-Economic Profile 2010 |year = 2010 }}</ref> It is the home of ] headquartered in Iloilo.
			It was in the 21st century that its economic rebounded, led in particular by the opening of the ] in 2007, which replaced the ] in Mandurriao. The Iloilo International Airport is the fifth busiest airport in the country. The acquisition of the old airport after it was decommissioned and the construction of a business park on its site by the real estate giant ], became a catalyst for some land developers to invest in Iloilo.
	As a thriving economic hub in the, an adequate and growing number of banks establishing branches leads the metropolis as the city with the most banks savings deposits and accounts in the Western Visayas region (third in the Philippines); the modernly built Iloilo International Airport is the 4th busiest airport in the country; the ] which is one of the historical ports in the Philippine islands is now one of the busiest ports and natural harbor in the country by terms of passenger movement and cargo handling; and with the on-going building construction boom especially in the real estate and retail sectors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vicilongo.weebly.com/|title=Research Center for Iloilo|website=Research Center for Iloilo}}</ref> Iloilo city has the lowest crime rate in entire Philippines,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/travel-and-tourism/2017/05/27/1704179/walk-through-iloilo-business-park|title=A walk through Iloilo Business Park|website=philstar.com}}</ref> lowest level of corruption, highest life expectancy in Visayas and Mindanao, huge concentration of middle class and rank 1 in happiness index,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/ilonggos-enjoyment-life-rates-high-nscb-hdi-ranking-095219255.html | title=Ilonggos' Enjoyment Of Life Rates High In NSCB's HDI Ranking | date=2 February 2013 | work=Manila Bulletin | via=Yahoo | access-date=14 August 2019 }}</ref> and the most business-friendly city<ref>https://www.bomboradyo.com/iloilo/iloilo-city-ginpasidunggan-nga-2019-most-business-friendly-lgu-award/</ref>
			{{stack|float=center|{{wide image|Mandurriao, Iloilo City skyline.png|850px|align-cap=center|Skyline view of Iloilo City's midtown area in ] district}}}}
	===Trade and industry===
			As an economic hub in the Western Visayas region, the metropolis leads the Western Visayas region as the city with the most bank savings deposits and accounts (third in the Philippines); the ], which is one of the historical ports in the Philippine islands, is now one of the busiest ports and natural harbors in the country by terms of passenger movement and cargo handling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vicilongo.weebly.com/|title=Research Center for Iloilo|website=Research Center for Iloilo|access-date=August 7, 2019|archive-date=August 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807152922/http://vicilongo.weebly.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Iloilo City has the lowest crime rate in the Philippines,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/travel-and-tourism/2017/05/27/1704179/walk-through-iloilo-business-park|title=A walk through Iloilo Business Park|website=philstar.com|access-date=August 9, 2019|archive-date=August 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809125726/https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/travel-and-tourism/2017/05/27/1704179/walk-through-iloilo-business-park|url-status=live}}</ref> the lowest level of corruption, the highest life expectancy in Visayas and Mindanao, a large concentration of middle class, ranks first in the happiness index,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/ilonggos-enjoyment-life-rates-high-nscb-hdi-ranking-095219255.html | title=Ilonggos' Enjoyment Of Life Rates High In NSCB's HDI Ranking | date=February 2, 2013 | work=Manila Bulletin | via=Yahoo | access-date=August 14, 2019 | archive-date=August 14, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814164647/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/ilonggos-enjoyment-life-rates-high-nscb-hdi-ranking-095219255.html | url-status=live }}</ref> and the most business-friendly city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bomboradyo.com/iloilo/iloilo-city-ginpasidunggan-nga-2019-most-business-friendly-lgu-award/|title=Iloilo City ginpasidunggan nga 2019 Most Business Friendly LGU &#124; Bombo Radyo Iloilo|date=October 9, 2019|access-date=October 17, 2019|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017113046/https://www.bomboradyo.com/iloilo/iloilo-city-ginpasidunggan-nga-2019-most-business-friendly-lgu-award/|url-status=live}}</ref>
	] under the ] brand hotel in the Philippines.]]
			=== Trade and industry ===
			]
	There were 8,407 business establishments as of December 2003 in Iloilo City, of which 1,182 are new. Total capital investments for new business establishments is P365,506,020.92. However, both new and renewed capital investments for the year 2003 amounted to ₱13.02 billion.<ref name =profile/> Of the employed person by type of industry from primary occupation 82% belongs to service sector, 14% belongs industry sector and only 4% are in agriculture (as of April 2003 FIES, NSO).<ref name =profile/> Average annual family income (at current prices) is P 283,604 or a percentage increase of 32.3 between 1994 and 1997 while Average Annual Family Expenditures is P 226,887 or a 25.6% increase (2000 FIES).		There were 8,407 business establishments as of December 2003 in Iloilo City, of which 1,182 are new. Total capital investments for new business establishments is P365,506,020.92. However, both new and renewed capital investments for the year 2003 amounted to ₱13.02 billion.<ref name =profile/> Of the employed person by type of industry from primary occupation 82% belongs to service sector, 14% belongs industry sector and only 4% are in agriculture (as of April 2003 FIES, NSO).<ref name =profile/> Average annual family income (at current prices) is P 283,604 or a percentage increase of 32.3 between 1994 and 1997 while Average Annual Family Expenditures is P 226,887 or a 25.6% increase (2000 FIES).
	Average per Capita Income is P 65,136 and Average Per Capita Expenditures is P 51,557 (FIES 2000). Average Inflation Rate is 3.2, the Average Purchasing Power of the Peso is 0.62 and the Average Consumer Price Index (CPI) is 162.6 in 2003. (Source: NSO, Prices Section).<ref name =profile/>		Average per Capita Income is P 65,136 and Average Per Capita Expenditures is P 51,557 (FIES 2000). Average Inflation Rate is 3.2, the Average Purchasing Power of the Peso is 0.62 and the Average Consumer Price Index (CPI) is 162.6 in 2003. (Source: NSO, Prices Section).<ref name =profile/>
	]
	=== Banking and finance ===		=== Banking and finance ===
	The banking industry in Iloilo dates back during the Spanish times. The establishment of banks during such time is hinge to Iloilo's importance as an international gateway when its port was open for foreign ships to dock in, and the sugar-boom. The first ] (now Bank of the Philippines), opened its first branch outside of Manila in Iloilo. The first ] branch outside Manila also opened in the city. With that, there are also international banks implying the city's importance in banking history in the Philippines, that opened in Iloilo during Spanish-American times that ceased their operations in the city: the ] (HSBC), first HSBC branch outside Manila; and ] (first Standard Chartered Bank branch outside Manila).		The banking industry in Iloilo dates back during the Spanish times. The establishment of banks during that time was the result of the sugar-boom and Iloilo's importance as an international gateway when its port was open for foreign ships. The first ] (now Bank of the Philippines), opened its first branch outside of Manila in Iloilo. The first ] branch outside Manila also opened in the city. With that, there are also international banks implying the city's importance in banking history in the Philippines, that opened in Iloilo during Spanish-American times that ceased their operations in the city: the ] (HSBC), first HSBC branch outside Manila; and ] (first Standard Chartered Bank branch outside Manila).
	At present, Iloilo ranks 3rd in the country as the city with most deposits or savings account, fueled by OFW remittances, IT-BPO industry, and the local industries. The surge of microfinancial and other lending institutions in the city has also sprouted. It is the headquarters of ], the Iloilo's largest homegrown microfinancial institution (3rd largest microfinancial institution in the country) with ~500 branches across the Philippines.		At present, Iloilo ranks 3rd in the country as the city with most deposits or savings account, fueled by ] remittances, IT-BPO industry, and the local industries. The surge of microfinancial and other lending institutions in the city has also sprouted. It is the headquarters of ], the Iloilo's largest homegrown microfinancial institution (3rd largest microfinancial institution in the country) with ~500 branches across the Philippines.
	] (QueenBank) which is owned by the Florete Group, is one of the founding member of ] (the first bank outside of Manila to become a member of it) has its headquarters and 1st branch in Iloilo City.		] (QueenBank) which is owned by the Florete Group, is one of the founding member of ] (the first bank outside of Manila to become a member of it) has its headquarters and 1st branch in Iloilo City.
			=== Tourism ===
			] Tribe Warriors during the Tribe Dance Competition.]]
			As a gateway to the Western Visayan region, tourism plays a major part as a catalyst in contributing to Iloilo City's economy. The metropolis hosts notable festivals which entice thousands of tourists annually especially during the ], ], ] (Asia's oldest sailing event), and ] festivals seasons. Iloilo City's bannered monickers like ''"City of Love''" and ''"City of Mansions"'' and intensified local government's programs such as beautification of major thoroughfares in the city and building of parks, has played a role in attracting local and foreign visitors also. There are myriad of selections of attractions in the city that tourists can visit – heritage landmarks, museums, art galleries, parks, and restaurants, to name a few. Nightlife in the metro with Smallville Complex as the mecca for party-goers is flocked by revellers every night especially on Friday and weekends.
			A well known Philippine heritage city built during the Spanish era, heritage tourism adds also to the city's charm which magnets visitors. Centuries old churches, old edifices and mansions of well known Ilonggo families, magnets sightseers from different places who wants to discover Iloilo City's rich and glorious past. Iloilo City is also respected gastronomic capital with famous dishes originated in the area that gained popularity throughout the country – ], ], ], ], ], ], Tinuom, and ].
			In 2018 alone, Iloilo City attracted the highest tourist arrivals in ], posting 1,242,087 total arrivals, including 1,154,550 domestic visitors, 70,787 foreign guests, and 16,750 overseas workers. Following in 2019, it garnered an 11.59% increase in the previous year's data.<ref name="Iloilo province's 2019 tourist arrivals up 11.59%"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222173254/https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-provinces-2019-tourist-arrivals-up-11-59/ |date=February 22, 2022 }}. Retrieved February 23, 2022.</ref> In 2020, the city again achieved its target with 1.4 million arrivals.<ref name="2020 target: 1.4M tourist arrivals in Iloilo City"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222173519/https://imtnews.net/2020-target:-1.4m-tourist-arrivals-in-iloilo-city |date=February 22, 2022 }}. Retrieved February 23, 2022.</ref>
	=== Information technology ===		=== Information technology ===
			], ], ], and Legato Health.]]
			] based IT-BPO company with a global reach of nine sites in five countries across four continents.]]
			The IT-BPO and KPO industry has spurred employment in the metropolis. IT-BPO and KPO locators are attracted to Iloilo because of the literacy rate and the number of graduates per year.<ref name="thedailyguardian.net">{{cite web|url=http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/879-bpo-spurs-local-employment-rate|title=BPO spurs local employment rate|first=Tara|last=Yap|access-date=October 29, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505082315/http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/879-bpo-spurs-local-employment-rate|archive-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref> With continuous influx of business process outsourcing (BPO) and knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) industry, Iloilo has fast becoming a "Silicon Valley" backed by its political leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title='BETTER TRANSPORT': It is key to attract investors to Iloilo City – Baronda |url=https://www.panaynews.net/better-transport-it-is-key-to-attract-investors-to-iloilo-city-baronda/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=www.panaynews.net |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813212754/https://www.panaynews.net/better-transport-it-is-key-to-attract-investors-to-iloilo-city-baronda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> BPO investors are attracted to Iloilo due to stable energy source, availability of building spaces, high number of graduates and English Proficiency.
			] Iloilo in the Festive Walk Parade.]]
	The IT-BPO and KPO industry has spurred employment in the metropolis. IT-BPO and KPO locators are attracted to Iloilo because of the literacy rate and number of graduates per year.<ref name="thedailyguardian.net">{{cite web|url=http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/879-bpo-spurs-local-employment-rate|title=BPO spurs local employment rate|first=Tara|last=Yap|access-date=29 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505082315/http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/879-bpo-spurs-local-employment-rate|archive-date=5 May 2016}}</ref> With continuous influx of business-process outsourcing (BPO) and knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) industry, Iloilo has fast becoming a "Silicon Valley" backed by its political leaders.<ref>https://www.panaynews.net/better-transport-it-is-key-to-attract-investors-to-iloilo-city-baronda/</ref> BPO investors are attracted to Iloilo due to stable energy source, availability of building spaces, high number of graduates and English Proficiency.
			Megaworld's ] – One Global Center, Two Global Center, and Three Techno Place are Iloilo operation sites of Transcom Asia, StarTek, WNS Global and Convergent powered by Nearsol, respectively. While Richmonde Tower is where Reed Elsevier is operates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iloilobusinesspark.com.ph/events_post/bpo-friendly-iloilo-city/|title=BPO-friendly Iloilo City &#124; the Official Website of Iloilo Business Park|access-date=November 1, 2019|archive-date=August 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813212756/https://iloilobusinesspark.com.ph/events_post/bpo-friendly-iloilo-city/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iloilobusinesspark.com.ph/township_project/bpo-towers/|title=BPO Towers &#124; the Official Website of Iloilo Business Park|access-date=August 13, 2019|archive-date=August 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813212752/http://iloilobusinesspark.com.ph/township_project/bpo-towers/|url-status=live}}</ref> Other IT-BPO and KPO locators are Callbox (the largest homegrown IT-BPO company in Iloilo), {{URL|www.fairtradeoutsourcing.com|Fair Trade Outsourcing}} (a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. based IT & BPM/BPO company), ], Legato Health Technologies (now Carelon Global Solutions), Asurion, Conectys, TeleTech Holdings, Inc., ], Savant Technologies (A non-voice KPO and BPO company), Eversun Philippines (a non voice KPO and BPO), Reed Elsevier, SPI-Global (Now Inspiro), Sagility, WorldSource Inc., Vista Health Solutions, Xilium Professional Services, WNS, Hinduja Global Solutions, iXL Solution, RS2, Prosync (Process Synergy), Trusttel Customer Care, OneVirtual Global Business Solutions, Medrisk, Bluu Qatar Philippines, POWRD Solutions, ] Iloilo, Accentline, Voiceless Technologies (Now Leadgen), Atento, HealthyBOS, XtendOps (Extend BPO), and Yazaki-Philippine EDS Techno Service.
			Fair Trade Outsourcing (FTO), a ] based IT-BPO company headquartered in ], opened its first global site in Iloilo (now its Philippine operations headquarters) in October 2015 as MODph. It was renamed Rethink Staffing in August 2016 and eventually to its present name in February 2018, Fair Trade Outsourcing. It opened two more sites in the metro.
	Megaworld's ] - One Global Center, Two Global Center and Three Techno Place are Iloilo operation sites of Transcom Asia, StarTek, WNS Global and Convergent powered by Nearsol, respectively. While Richmonde Tower is where Reed Elsevier is operates.<ref>https://iloilobusinesspark.com.ph/events_post/bpo-friendly-iloilo-city/</ref><ref>http://iloilobusinesspark.com.ph/township_project/bpo-towers/</ref> Other IT-BPO and KPO locators are Callbox (the largest homegrown IT-BPO company in Iloilo), ''(Rethink Staffing)'' (an American IT & BPM/BPO Company), Legato Health Technologies, Asurion, Conectys, TeleTech Holdings, Inc., ], Savant Technologies (A non-voice KPO and BPO company), Eversun Philippines (a non voice KPO and BPO), Reed Elsevier, SPI-Global (Now Inspiro), WorldSource Inc., Vista Health Solutions, Xilium Professional Services, WNS, Hinduja Global Solutions, iXL Solution, RS2, Prosync (Process Synergy), Trusttel Customer Care, OneVirtual Global Business Solutions, Bluu Qatar Philippines, POWRD Solutions, ] Iloilo, Accentline, Voiceless Technologies (Now Leadgen), XtendOps (Extend BPO), and Yazaki-Philippine EDS Techno Service.
	The Department of Science and Technology-Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-ICTO) and Business Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP), has named Iloilo City as one of the next wave cities.<ref name="philstar.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/business/2012/12/11/884494/bpap-dost-tag-10-next-wave-cities-it-bpo|title=BPAP, DOST tag 10 next wave cities for IT-BPO|first=Lawrence|last=Agcaoili|work=The Philippine Star|access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref>		The Department of Science and Technology-Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-ICTO) and Business Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP) has named Iloilo City one of the next wave cities.<ref name="philstar.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/business/2012/12/11/884494/bpap-dost-tag-10-next-wave-cities-it-bpo|title=BPAP, DOST tag 10 next wave cities for IT-BPO|first=Lawrence|last=Agcaoili|work=The Philippine Star|access-date=October 29, 2016|archive-date=July 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707145156/http://www.philstar.com/business/2012/12/11/884494/bpap-dost-tag-10-next-wave-cities-it-bpo|url-status=live}}</ref>
	Iloilo City is a "City of Excellence" as it rivals the cities of Manila and Cebu in terms of economic progress. It has also a number of IT/BPO and KPO centers except than the ones in Iloilo Business Park, and among them is the Ayala Techno Hub Iloilo, Amigo Plaza Mall, SM City Iloilo and Plazuela de Iloilo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifit.org.ph/index.php/properties-for-rent.html|title=ifit.org.ph|access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.peza.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=116&Itemid=161&nature=IT%20Parks%2FCenters |title=Operating Economic Zones (277)<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=9 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121200220/http://www.peza.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=116&Itemid=161&nature=IT%20Parks%2FCenters |archive-date=21 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>		Iloilo City is a "City of Excellence" as it rivals the cities of Manila and Cebu in terms of economic progress. It has also a number of IT/BPO and KPO centers except for the ones in Iloilo Business Park, and among them is the Ayala Techno Hub Iloilo, Amigo Plaza Mall, SM Strata, and Plazuela de Iloilo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifit.org.ph/index.php/properties-for-rent.html|title=ifit.org.ph|access-date=October 29, 2016|archive-date=December 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204211405/http://www.ifit.org.ph/index.php/properties-for-rent.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.peza.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=116&Itemid=161&nature=IT%20Parks%2FCenters |title=Operating Economic Zones (277)<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=April 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121200220/http://www.peza.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=116&Itemid=161&nature=IT%20Parks%2FCenters |archive-date=November 21, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	Some of the known IT/BPO centers is Iloilo Business Park, both by Megaworld Corporation while the Iloilo City Center by the Gaisano Group has business process outsourcing (BPO) office buildings undergoing construction for future IT-BPO and KPO locators occupancy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/01/14/896528/megaworld-allots-p25-b-iloilo-project|title=Megaworld allots P25 B for Iloilo project|first=Jennifer|last=Rendon|work=The Philippine Star|access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref>		Some of the known IT/BPO centers in Iloilo Business Park, both by Megaworld Corporation while the Iloilo City Center by the Gaisano Group has business process outsourcing (BPO) office buildings undergoing construction for future IT-BPO and KPO locators occupancy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/01/14/896528/megaworld-allots-p25-b-iloilo-project|title=Megaworld allots P25 B for Iloilo project|first=Jennifer|last=Rendon|work=The Philippine Star|access-date=October 29, 2016|archive-date=October 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030084121/http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/01/14/896528/megaworld-allots-p25-b-iloilo-project|url-status=live}}</ref>
	=== Shopping and retail ===		=== Shopping and retail ===
	{{Main|SM City Iloilo|Festive Walk Mall|Gaisano Capital|Robinsons Malls}}		{{Main|SM City Iloilo|Festive Walk Mall|Gaisano Capital|Robinsons Malls}}
			], the largest mall in Western Visayas.]]
	], ''the first (full-scale) ] outside Luzon''.]]
	As the shopping hub of Western Visayas, retail industry has a big relevant presence in Iloilo City since Spanish and American colonial times. Proliferated after Philippines gained Independence from United States of America.		As the shopping hub of Western Visayas, retail industry has a big relevant presence in Iloilo City since Spanish and American colonial times. Proliferated after Philippines gained Independence from United States of America.
	In 1877, the first department store in the Philippines was Hoskyn Department Store started at '']'' (or Royal Street) which stretches from Plaza Libertad to Plazoleta Gay.<ref name="The Royal Street of Iloilo: Calle Real">. Retrieved 30 October 2018.</ref><ref name="Calle Real, Iloilo City's heritage street, restored">. Retrieved 30 October 2018.</ref> It was first to employ the "fixed pricing" for its commodities in merchandising . Since it was "the store that sold everything from needle to anchor", people of Iloilo and even Bacolod flocked buying from its goods such as English wool imported from England. It offered groceries, hardware, stationery, toys, watches, jewelry, machinery, buttons, threads, etc.<ref>Articulos que ordinariamente reciben y venden Hoskyn y ca. del comercio de Iloilo, 1895</ref> It was described as "a great store" and "the best in the islands", Dauncey recounted how she bought "pieces of furniture, some groceries, china, glass, and so forth" from Hoskyn's "at low prices, as they have such an immense business, even being able to compete with the shops in Manila..." by Enid Rolanda Dauncey, wife of Iloilo-based British businessman Campbell Dauncey, in her 1906 memoirs "An Englishwoman in the Philippines". "It has long been a commercial landmark in the Bisayas, people call on it for everything and always get what they want," incorporated in 1925.<ref>November 1938 issue of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal (Vol. XVIII, No. 11; page 6).</ref> After the World War II, Que Family acquired Hoskyns and renaimed it to " Washington Commercial " as their second store . They have "Washington Grocery" in Iznart Street. Subsequently, it was renamed "Washington Supermart".		In 1877, the first department store in the Philippines was ] started at ] which stretches from ] to ].<ref name="The Royal Street of Iloilo: Calle Real">{{usurped|1=}}. Retrieved October 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="Calle Real, Iloilo City's heritage street, restored"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170418/https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/76854/calle-real-iloilo-citys-heritage-street-restored/ |date=October 30, 2018 }}. Retrieved October 30, 2018.</ref> It was first to employ the "fixed pricing" for its commodities in merchandising. Since it was "the store that sold everything from needle to anchor", people of Iloilo and even Bacolod flocked buying from its goods such as English wool imported from England. It offered groceries, hardware, stationery, toys, watches, jewelry, machinery, buttons, threads, etc.<ref>Articulos que ordinariamente reciben y venden Hoskyn y ca. del comercio de Iloilo, 1895</ref> It was described as "a great store" and "the best in the islands", Dauncey recounted how she bought "pieces of furniture, some groceries, china, glass, and so forth" from ] "at low prices, as they have such an immense business, even being able to compete with the shops in Manila..." by Enid Rolanda Dauncey, wife of Iloilo-based British businessman Campbell Dauncey, in her 1906 memoirs "An Englishwoman in the Philippines". "It has long been a commercial landmark in the Bisayas, people call on it for everything and always get what they want," incorporated in 1925.<ref>November 1938 issue of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal (Vol. XVIII, No. 11; page 6).</ref> After the World War II, Que Family acquired Hoskyns and renamed it to " Washington Commercial " as their second store. They have "Washington Grocery" in ]. Subsequently, it was renamed ].
	Marymart Shopping Center opened in 1972 in called Weyler ( renamed later as Valeria (Ledesma), owner of the land) by Jamora Brothers . ] purchased land an adjacent lot in Valeria and founded the SM Iloilo now called ], is the ''first SM outside Manila'', which started operating in 1979 while Cebu only opened 14 years after in 1993 and Bacolod in 2007.<ref name="More foreign retail property brands to enter Iloilo market – Collier">. Retrieved 30 October 2018</ref> In 1993, Jimenez family sold their property and Atrium Shopping Center was opened beside Caza Plaza Hotel . It was first shopping center to have a combination of hotel, restobar, Saloon, Supermarket and Restaurants in the whole Philippines.		Marymart Shopping Center opened in 1972 in called Weyler (renamed later as Valeria (Ledesma), owner of the land) by Jamora Brothers. ] purchased land an adjacent lot in Valeria and founded the SM Iloilo now called ], is the ''first SM outside Manila'', which started operating in 1979 while Cebu only opened 14 years after in 1993 and Bacolod in 2007.<ref name="More foreign retail property brands to enter Iloilo market – Collier"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030131242/https://www.manilatimes.net/foreign-retail-property-brands-enter-iloilo-market-colliers/303301/ |date=October 30, 2018 }}. Retrieved October 30, 2018</ref> In 1993, Jimenez family sold their property and Atrium Shopping Center was opened beside Caza Plaza Hotel. It was first shopping center to have a combination of hotel, restobar, Saloon, Supermarket and Restaurants in the whole Philippines.
	With the growing demand of ] and ], Philippine companies such as - SM Prime Holdings, ], Megaworld Corporation, and ] has fueled the popularity of mall culture in Iloilo.		With the growing demand of ] and ], Philippine companies such as – SM Prime Holdings, ], Megaworld Corporation, and ] has fueled the popularity of mall culture in Iloilo.
			], the longest shopping and dining strip in the Philippines]]
			Malls or shopping centers in the city include the ] by SM Prime Holdings, the largest SM Supermall in Western Visayas (one of the largest in the Philippines); Robinsons Place Iloilo and ] – both by Robinsons Land Corporation; Gaisano Capital Iloilo, The Atrium Mall, Gaisano ICC Mall, and by Megaworld Corporation's – Festive Walk Iloilo, ''the first (full-scale) Megaworld Lifestyle Mall outside Luzon'' and Festive Walk Parade, ''the longest dining strip in the Philippines''.<ref name="Megaworld set to open Festive Walk Mall in Iloilo"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170506/https://www.rappler.com/business/195296-megaworld-festive-walk-mall-iloilo-business-park |date=October 30, 2018 }}. Retrieved October 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="Iloilo realty scene takes a festive walk"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170456/https://business.inquirer.net/253337/iloilo-realty-scene-takes-festive-walk |date=October 30, 2018 }}. Retrieved October 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="Megaworld opens 1st lifestyle mall in VisMin">{{cite news | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/megaworld-opens-1st-lifestyle-mall-in-vismin/ | title=Megaworld opens 1st lifestyle mall in VisMin | date=July 3, 2018 | work=Business World | access-date=August 24, 2020 | archive-date=December 3, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203043902/https://www.bworldonline.com/megaworld-opens-1st-lifestyle-mall-in-vismin/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
			Community malls in the city include the CityMall - Tagbak, Jaro & CityMall - Parola, Iloilo by Double Dragon Properties; Jaro Town Square & SM Savemore Jaro I by SM Prime Holdings; GT Mall Molo ; The Shops At Atria by Ayala Malls.
	] by SM Prime Holdings, the largest SM Supermall in Western Visayas (one of the largest in the Philippines); Robinsons Place Iloilo and ] - both by Robinsons Land Corporation; & by Megaworld Corporation's - Festive Walk Iloilo, ''the first (full-scale) Megaworld Lifestyle Mall outside Luzon'' and Festive Walk Parade, ''the longest dining strip in the Philippines''.<ref name="Megaworld set to open Festive Walk Mall in Iloilo">. Retrieved 30 October 2018.</ref><ref name="Iloilo realty scene takes a festive walk">. Retrieved 30 October 2018.</ref><ref name="Megaworld opens 1st lifestyle mall in VisMin">{{cite news | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/megaworld-opens-1st-lifestyle-mall-in-vismin/ | title=Megaworld opens 1st lifestyle mall in VisMin | date=3 July 2018 | work=Business World | access-date=24 August 2020 }}</ref>
			Upcoming shopping centers in the metropolis include the SM City Jaro in SM Prime Holdings 48-hectare property in Balabago, Jaro, Iloilo City (which include hotel and condominium components); and the Sta. Lucia Mall in Sta. Lucia Land's Green Meadows East Township in Tacas, Jaro, Iloilo City; and another community open-air mall of Ayala Land - the Atria Gardens in Atria Park District in San Rafael, Mandurriao, Iloilo City.
	SM Supermalls has also bought a 48 hectares of land in Balabago and Coastal Road areas in the district of Jaro to build the second and largest SM Supermall in Western Visayas.
	==Government==		==Government==
	]		] ''(Ayuntamiento de Iloilo)'']]
	Iloilo City — officially known as the ''City of Iloilo'' — is the regional capital of Western Visayas region and the provincial capital of ]. It is one of the important economic centers in the Philippines and regional and provincial offices of national government agencies has offices in the city. It is classified as a first income class and ] (HUC). Due to such status and classification, it is independent from the province of Iloilo, thus its citizens doesn't have the power to elect for political provincial officials.		Iloilo City is the regional capital of Western Visayas region and the provincial capital of ]. It is one of the important economic centers in the Philippines and regional and provincial offices of national government agencies has offices in the city. It is classified as a first income class and ] (HUC). Due to such status and classification, it is independent from the province of Iloilo, thus its citizens does not have the power to elect for political provincial officials.
	] ], on behalf of her son King ], who was still a minor in that year.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto1"/>]]		] ], on behalf of her son King ], who was still a minor in that year.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto1"/>]]
	The city dates back its founding in 1566 through a settlement established by the Spaniards in the areas of Oton and Villa de Arevalo and received its cityhood status thrice - first in 1889 (effectivity in 1890) through a Spanish royal decree, secondly in 1893 through a legal declaration by the virtue of ''Bacura/Becerra Law'' ratifying the first royal decree, and the third through a virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 158 in 1937. By such decrees, the City of Iloilo is the first legal city in the Philippines because no law ratifies and established by the government that creates and enacts an edict declaring or elevating a town into a status of a city during Spanish and early American colonial periods.		The city's actual existence dates back to its founding in 1566 through a settlement established by the Spaniards in the areas of Oton and Villa de Arevalo and received its cityhood status thrice – first on October 5, 1889 (effectivity in 1890) through a Spanish royal decree issued by the Queen Regent of Spain, Maria Christina, secondly in 1893 through a legal declaration by the virtue of ''Bacura/Becerra Law'' ratifying the first royal decree and establishing the city government of Iloilo, and the third through a virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 158 on July 16, 1937, formally inaugurated on August 25, 1937, as a chartered city, by consolidating the existing City of Iloilo with the towns of Arevalo, Mandurriao, Molo, and La Paz, while the City of Jaro was officially annexed on January 7, 1941, through the virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 604 of August 22, 1940, issued by ]. By such decrees, the City of Iloilo is the first legal city in the Philippines because no law ratifies and established by the government that creates and enacts an edict declaring or elevating a town into a status of a city during Spanish and early American colonial periods.
	The city acquired its royal title ''"La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad"'' (The Most Loyal and Noble City) on 1 March 1898 given by Queen Regent Maria Christina of Spain due to the loyalty stand by the Ilonggos to the Spanish crown during the Philippine war of independence. It is likewise one of the few ''Spanish Royal Cities in the Philippines'' during the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines.		The city acquired its royal title ''"La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad"'' (The Most Loyal and Noble City) on March 1, 1898, given by Queen Regent Maria Christina of Spain due to the loyalty stand by the Ilonggos to the Spanish crown during the Philippine war of independence. It is likewise one of the few ''Spanish Royal Cities in the Philippines'' during the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines.
	The ] ''(Alcalde)'' is the chief executive and is assisted by the vice mayor ''(vice-alcalde)'' which governs the city. The city is also represented by a congressman in the ]. The Iloilo City Council (Filipino: ''Sangguniang Panglungsod ng Iloilo'' and Spanish: ''Consejo de Ciudad de Iloilo'') is the local legislative assembly. Its 15-member council is elected concurrently with general elections, held at the same time with the national elections including for the city and vice mayors. The Council convenes every month at the Iloilo City Hall ''(Ayuntamiento de Iloílo)'', and the meetings are open to the public. The matters on which the councillors decide have generally already been drafted and discussed by various boards and committees.<ref name="THE ILOILO CITY COUNCIL">. Retrieved 25 April 2019.</ref>		The ] ''(Alcalde)'' is the chief executive and is assisted by the vice mayor ''(vice-alcalde)'' which governs the city. The city is also represented by a congressman in the ]. The Iloilo City Council (Filipino: ''Sangguniang Panglungsod ng Iloilo'' and Spanish: ''Consejo de Ciudad de Iloilo'') is the local legislative assembly. Its 15-member council is elected concurrently with general elections, held at the same time with the national elections including for the city and vice mayors. The Council convenes every month at the ] ''(Ayuntamiento de Iloílo)'', and the meetings are open to the public. The matters on which the councillors decide have generally already been drafted and discussed by various boards and committees.<ref name="THE ILOILO CITY COUNCIL"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425031643/https://iloilocitycouncil.org/the-iloilo-city-council/ |date=April 25, 2019 }}. Retrieved April 25, 2019.</ref>
	Iloilo city is sub-divided into 180 barangays or ''"barrios"'' each govern by a Barangay Captain or Chairman held through a national barangay election.		Iloilo city is sub-divided into 180 barangays or ''"barrios"'' each govern by a Barangay Captain or Chairman held through a national barangay election.
	In 1955, through the efforts for a liberal appointing of a new city mayor, Rodolfo Ganzon became the first mayor that won through a popular election process. Ganzon is widely remembered by his constituents for having authored and sponsored the ''Iloilo City Freedom Law'' which restored to the people of Jaro, La Paz, Molo, Arevalo, Manduriao and Iloilo City proper their constitutional right to elect their own mayor, vice mayor and 10 councilors.<ref>. Retrieved 25 April 2019.</ref><ref>. Retrieved 25 April 2019</ref>		In 1955, through the efforts for a liberal appointing of a new city mayor, Rodolfo Ganzon became the first mayor that won through a popular election process. Ganzon is widely remembered by his constituents for having authored and sponsored the ''Iloilo City Freedom Law'' which restored to the people of Jaro, La Paz, Molo, Arevalo, Manduriao and Iloilo City proper their constitutional right to elect their own mayor, vice mayor and 10 councilors.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425044829/https://www.philstar.com/nation/2003/10/30/226029/145grand-timawa146-dies-81#UfSXliBuWTgSPQ2o.99 |date=April 25, 2019 }}. Retrieved April 25, 2019.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510211419/http://senate.gov.ph/senators/former_senators/rodolfo_ganzon.htm |date=May 10, 2019 }}. Retrieved April 25, 2019</ref>
			{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0; margin-top:0;" align=center
			! colspan=5 style="background:#ccf;" align="center" | City Government of Iloilo
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			!colspan=5 align="center" | ]
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			|colspan=5 align="center" | ] (])
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			!colspan=5 align="center" | ]
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			|colspan=5 align="center" | Jeffrey P. Ganzon (])
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			!colspan=5 align="center" | ]
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Sedfrey L. Cabaluna (])
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Rex Marcus B. Sarabia (])
			|-
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Jose Maria Miguel S. Treñas (])
			! style="background:{{party color|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Candice Magdalane A. Tupas (])
			|-
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Alan Acepcion Zaldivar (])
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Johnny Y. Young (])
			|-
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Frances Grace V. Parcon-Torres (])
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Romel D. Duron (])
			|-
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Urminico M. Baronda Jr. (])
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Ely A. Estante Jr. (])
			|-
			! style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Rudolph Jeffrey O. Ganzon (])
			! style="background:{{party color|PROMDI}};" |
			| colspan=2 align="center" |Plaridel C. Nava (])
			|-
			!colspan=5 align="center" |]
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			|colspan=5 align="center" | ''vacant''
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			!colspan=5 align="center" |]
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			|colspan=5 align="center" | ''vacant''
			|-
			|}
	==Culture==		==Culture==
Line 685:		Line 894:
	===Museums===		===Museums===
	] (ILOMOCA), the first museum dedicated to contemporary and modern art in ] and ] (the first ] museum in the Philippines).]]
			] housed in the old Iloilo Provincial Jail turned museum.]]
	The city has a number of museums ranging from fields of ancient and contemporary art, cultural and economic history to science. Museums and art galleries are the repositories of Iloilo's rich and glorious history and culture. Various notable Philippine artists trace their roots from Iloilo. Unearthed artifacts like potteries, porcelain, gold and plates had been excavated in many parts of Iloilo predating Spanish Era are now showcased in various museums in Iloilo.		The city has a number of museums ranging from fields of ancient and contemporary art, cultural and economic history to science. Museums and art galleries are the repositories of Iloilo's rich and glorious history and culture. Various notable Philippine artists trace their roots from Iloilo. Unearthed artifacts like potteries, porcelain, gold and plates had been excavated in many parts of Iloilo predating Spanish Era are now showcased in various museums in Iloilo.
			], first modern and contemporary art museum in Visayas in Mindanao; and Emperador Brandy Museum, the first brandy museum in the Philippines.]]
	Collaborative efforts of the city government with various stakeholders to uplift the cultural cognizance of the Ilonggo people led to the establishment of the Western Visayas Regional Museum of the ] in the restored and adoptive reuse of old Iloilo Provincial Jail and their regional headquarters in the restored old Municipio de Jaro (Jaro Municipal Hall). There are other museums that showcase memorabilias of notable person and families, artworks and artifacts.
			Collaborative efforts of the city government with various stakeholders to uplift the cultural cognizance of the Ilonggo people led to the establishment of the Western Visayas Regional Museum of the ] in the restored and adoptive reuse of old Iloilo Provincial Jail and their regional headquarters in the restored old Municipio de Jaro (]). There are other museums that showcase memorabilias of notable person and families, artworks and artifacts.
	The other notable museums and art galleries in the city in which some are under some academic institutions which include the ''Museo Iloilo'' (the first government built museum outside Manila); ''Museum of Philippine Economic History''; ''Iloilo Museum of Contemporary Art'' (housed at the ''Casa de Emperador'' at Iloilo Business Park); The ] (Museum and Library) of Central Philippine University, ''University of San Agustin Museum'', ''UPV Art Gallery'', ''John B. Lacson Foundation Museum of Maritime Culture and Craft'', ''Rosendo Mejica Museum'', among others.
			The other notable museums and art galleries in the city in which some are under some academic institutions which include the '']'' (the first government built museum outside Manila); ''Museum of Philippine Economic History''; ''Iloilo Museum of Contemporary Art'' (housed at the ''Casa de Emperador'' at Iloilo Business Park); The ] (Museum and Library) of Central Philippine University, ''University of San Agustin Museum'', ''UPV Art Gallery'', ''John B. Lacson Foundation Museum of Maritime Culture and Craft'', ''Rosendo Mejica Museum'', among others.
	], the largest library in the ] (one of the largest in the Philippines).]]
	The Iloilo Museum of Contemporary Art (ILOMOCA), the first museum project of the property giant Megaworld Corporation, is the first museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art in Visayas and Mindanao. The museum of 3,000 square meters of space is housed at the ‘’Casa de Emperador’’ which includes five exhibit rooms and souvenir and merchandise shop. The ground floor is ‘’The Hulot Exhibit’’ which showcase exhibits of local and international artists. Works by notable and renowned international artists like ], ], and ] are exhibit in some of its art collections.<ref name="1st Contemporary Art Museum in VisMin opens in Iloilo City">. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref><ref name="Megaworld's Iloilo Business Park Adds Art to the Township">. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref><ref>. abs-cbn.com, Retrieved 7 March 2018</ref>		The ] (ILOMOCA), the first museum project of the property giant Megaworld Corporation, is the first museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art in Visayas and Mindanao. The museum of 3,000 square meters of space is housed at the ''Casa de Emperador'' which includes five exhibit rooms and souvenir and merchandise shop. The ground floor is ''The Hulot Exhibit'' which showcase exhibits of local and international artists. Works by international artists like ], ], and ] are exhibit in some of its art collections.<ref name="1st Contemporary Art Museum in VisMin opens in Iloilo City"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133242/http://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/1st-contemporary-art-museum-in-vismin-opens-in-iloilo-city/ |date=July 3, 2018 }}. Retrieved March 7, 2018.</ref><ref name="Megaworld's Iloilo Business Park Adds Art to the Township"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703104109/https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/travel-and-tourism/2018/03/24/1799701/megaworlds-iloilo-business-park-adds-art-township-mix |date=July 3, 2018 }}. Retrieved March 7, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133400/http://news.abs-cbn.com/life/06/24/18/new-iloilo-museum-boosts-regions-art-and-culture-scene |date=July 3, 2018 }}. abs-cbn.com, Retrieved March 7, 2018</ref>
			], the largest library in the ] (one of the largest in the Philippines). It houses collection on Asian arts and artifacts, the CPU Meyer Asian Collection, and the ] inscribed Hinilawod Epic Chant Recordings.]]
	The Museum of Philippine Economic History, the first economic history museum in the Philippines, has a wide array of exhibits and collections showcasing the economic history of the Philippine throughout the different colonial eras. The structure, restored by the ] and where the museum is housed is formerly owned by one of the country's biggest trading firms, the Ynchausti y Compania, of the Familia Ynchausti. The firm's name was synonymous with its products like Yco Floor Wax, ] and Yco Paints. The museum has 13 galleries throughout the 2 storey structure. The location of the Museum of Philippine Economic History in Iloilo City is due to the city and province being called the ''Queen City of the South''during the Spanish and early American colonial era because of its economic importance next to Manila.
			The Museum of Philippine Economic History, the first economic history museum in the Philippines, has a wide array of exhibits and collections showcasing the economic history of the Philippine throughout the different colonial eras. The structure, restored by the ] and where the museum is housed is formerly owned by one of the country's biggest trading firms, the Ynchausti y Compania, of the Familia Ynchausti. The firm's name was synonymous with its products like Yco Floor Wax, ] and Yco Paints. The museum has 13 galleries throughout the 2 storey structure.
	Other than the hundred decades-old artifacts and items on display at the Philippine Museum of Economic History, visitors can find in the museum looms from the oldest weavers of ] in Iloilo, which was known then as the Textile Capital of the Philippines, and also showcases artifacts coming from other regions such as T’nalak from Mindanao and decades-old gold, necklace and other accessories from Pampanga; old photographs and maps, and other interesting remnants of the past.
			The location of the Museum of Philippine Economic History in Iloilo City is due to the city and province being called the ''Queen City of the South'' during the Spanish and early American colonial era because of its economic importance next to Manila.
	The Henry Luce III (Library and Museum) on Central Philippine University's main campus which was built through a benevolent grant given by the Henry Luce Foundation though Henry Luce III, the eldest son of the founder of ] Henry Luce. It holds an array of special museum collections categorized into various sections and types of collections – Meyer Asian Collection, the Elizabeth Knox Sacred Music Collection, rare collections of ] documents, ]n archaeological artifacts and historical exhibits, and artworks from known artists. A Henry Luce III (the main library of CPU Library system) sole book holding implies it as the largest library in the Western Visayas region.
			Other than the hundred decades-old artifacts and items on display at the Philippine Museum of Economic History, visitors can find in the museum looms from the oldest weavers of ] in Iloilo, which was known then as the Textile Capital of the Philippines, and also showcases artifacts coming from other regions such as T'nalak from Mindanao and decades-old gold, necklace and other accessories from Pampanga; old photographs and maps, and other interesting remnants of the past.
			The Henry Luce III (Library and Museum) on Central Philippine University's main campus which was built through a benevolent grant given by the Henry Luce Foundation though Henry Luce III, the eldest son of the founder of ] Henry Luce. It holds an array of special museum collections categorized into various sections and types of collections – Meyer Asian Collection, the Elizabeth Knox Sacred Music Collection, rare collections of ] documents, Asian archaeological artifacts and historical exhibits, and artworks from known artists. A Henry Luce III (the main library of CPU Library system) sole book holding implies it as the largest library in the Western Visayas region.
			Iloilo City's second ] inscription under the ], through the Hinilawod Epic Chant Recordings, is located at the ] of ].<ref name="Hinilawod Records of Jocano inscribe in the UNESCO MOWCAP"/>
	===Festivals===		===Festivals===
	]		].]]
	The Ilonggos cultural identity is deeply rooted and influenced by the ]. Iloilo is known as ''Festival(s) Capital of the Philippines'' with various renowned festivals in the country celebrated in the city showcasing the city's rich cultural and historical past. Iloilo is highlighted with various festivals in which big three is ''']''' - held every fourth Sunday of January in honor of the Holy Child Jesus (Santo Niño de Jesus) in a venerated image of Santo Niño de Cebu.		The Ilonggos cultural identity is deeply rooted and influenced by the ]. Iloilo is known as ''Festival(s) Capital of the Philippines'' with various festivals in the country celebrated in the city showcasing the city's cultural and historical past. Iloilo is highlighted with various festivals in which big three is ] – held every fourth Sunday of January in honor of the Holy Child Jesus (Santo Niño de Jesus) in a venerated image of Santo Niño de Cebu. ], which held every fourth Saturday of January or the day before the highlight of the Dinagyang Festival, is a festival competition showcasing various festivals from different places in the region.
	The '''Jaro Fiesta''' (Fiesta de Jaro) or ''Fiesta de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria'' (Fiesta de Candelaria) which is held every February the 2nd in honor of ] (]) the patron of Western Visayas and Romblon, is the largest marian dedicated festival outside Luzon.		The Jaro Fiesta (Fiesta de Jaro) or ''Fiesta de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria'' (Fiesta de Candelaria) which is held every February 2 in honor of ] (]) the patron of Western Visayas and Romblon, is the largest marian dedicated festival outside Luzon.
	Jaro Fiesta is famous for its pomp and pageantry. The fiesta chooses its annual ''Reyna del Fiesta de Jaro'' or Jaro Carnival Queen from among the maiden member of prominent and notable old-rich Spanish-Filipino or wealthy families of the town. The annual fiesta includes a cockfighting held during the fiesta day (largest cockfighting competition in the Philippines) at the Iloilo Coliseum and an agro-industrial and charity fair in Plaza Jaro which starts from September and a week after the fiesta day.		Jaro Fiesta is famous for its pomp and pageantry. The fiesta chooses its annual ''Reyna del Fiesta de Jaro'' or Jaro Carnival Queen from among the maiden member of prominent and notable old-rich Spanish-Filipino or wealthy families of the town. The annual fiesta includes a cockfighting held during the fiesta day (largest cockfighting competition in the Philippines) at the Iloilo Coliseum and an agro-industrial and charity fair in Plaza Jaro which starts from September and a week after the fiesta day.
			]
			Iloilo with its number of mainland Chinese expatriates who came for trading and settled in the city hundreds of years ago, celebrates the annual Iloilo Chinese Lunar New Year. It is considered as the largest Chinese New Year celebration outside Binondo, Manila, the oldest Chinatown in the world.
	Iloilo with its number of mainland Chinese expatriates who came for trading and settled in the city hundreds of years ago, celebrates the annual Chinese lunar new year. It is considered as the largest Chinese New Year celebration outside Binondo, Manila, the oldest Chinatown in the world.		In contrast with the city's celebration of the annual Chinese New Year, Iloilo with the advent of Chinese settlers before or during the Spanish Colonial period, settled in what is now the Molo District or ''Parian'', a town established for Sangleyes or Chinese Ilonggos by the Spanish colonial government. Though only a town where Chinese people were organized to settle, Molo is considered as second-oldest Chinatown after Binondo, Manila.
			During the holiday season after the all saints (Dia de Todos Los Santos) and all souls days (Dia de los Muertos), various landmarks such as schools are adorned with yuletide lights spectacles. Flocked during its opening night in the first week of December by thousands of spectators, the annual Festival of Lights and Music at Central on the campus of ] is the longest running university based Christmas festival of lights in the Western Visayas region since 1991. Trees, major edifices, and places of interests like the ] on the university's 24 hectare main campus in ] are festooned with holiday lights and displays of Christmas icons like Santa Claus, Nativity Scene, and Pasko sa Nayon. It is opened to the public until every January 6 of the next year. Carnival rides, a Christmas Bazaar and food stalls are also found catering to the tourists visiting the campus of the university in the said event.
	In contrast with the city's celebration of the annual Chinese New Year, Iloilo with the advent of Chinese settlers before or during the Spanish Colonial period, settled in what is now the Molo District or ''Parian'', a town established for Sangleyes or Chinese Ilonggos by the Spanish colonial government. Though only a town where Chinese people were organized to settle, Molo is considered as second oldest Chinatown after Binondo, Manila.
	''']''', which is also one of the main festivals of Iloilo and held every February, is the sailing event in Asia (oldest traditional boat sailing event in Asia). The festivities during the said festival includes Samba de Regatta, Miss Paraw Regatta pageant, Lighted Paraw and the annual Paraw Regatta sailing competition held in La Villa Rica de Arevalo (])		''']''', which is also one of the main festivals of Iloilo and held every February, is the sailing event in Asia (oldest traditional boat sailing event in Asia). The festivities during the said festival includes Samba de Regatta, Miss Paraw Regatta pageant, Lighted Paraw and the annual Paraw Regatta sailing competition held in La Villa Rica de Arevalo (])
			In thrive for the city's endeavor as the ''Art Capital of the Philippines'', the Iloilo Summer Arts Festival was launched in 2020 which runs from April to May.<ref name="Iloilo Summer Arts Festival 2020 launched"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212185515/https://www.iloilotoday.com/iloilo-summer-arts-festival/ |date=December 12, 2021 }}. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> The latest addition to such venture is the Iloilo Arts Festival which opened in December 2021. It is a nearly a month long event showcasing the best of Ilonggo artistry in visual arts exhibited in notable city museums and performing arts in theaters across the metropolis.
			===Public arts===
			The local government has initiated efforts to promote the city as the ''"Art Capital of the Philippines"''. It has established several programs through the help of local artists like turning the blank and public spaces in the metropolis as canvasses for murals and paintings depicting the city's rich history and culture.
			A fine example of this is the 3D Mural depicting the Dinagyang warriors dancing in the street in Iloilo River Esplanade 1. Real estate developers also play a role in supporting such programs by rolling out plans to elevate the cultural consciousness of the Ilonggos through public art displays and mural paintings.
	===Entertainment, film and performing arts===		===Entertainment, film and performing arts===
	] in ], the largest theater in Western Visayas.]]
	The colonial influence of Spanish and American culture has created an imprint in the entertainment, performing arts and film sectors and scenes in Iloilo. The city and province has produced a notable people in the field of cinema and entertainment. The arts and entertainment sectors in Iloilo flourished during the time when Iloilo was opened to the international trade when the ''Puerto de Iloilo'' (Port of Iloilo) was opened to foreign ships to dock from different countries. The annual Iloilo Film Festival, which is held during the Dinagyang Festival, has a plethora of films being screened during the festival's event.		The colonial influence of Spanish and American culture has created an imprint in the entertainment, performing arts, and film sectors and scenes in Iloilo. The city and province has produced a notable people in the field of cinema and entertainment. The arts and entertainment sectors in Iloilo flourished during the time when Iloilo was opened to international trade when the ''Puerto de Iloilo'' (Port of Iloilo) was opened to foreign ships to dock from different countries. The annual Iloilo Film Festival, which is held during the Dinagyang Festival, has a plethora of films being screened during the festival's event.
			] in ].]]
	The ] is a state-of-the-art convention center located in the Iloilo Business Park by Megaworld Corporation in Mandurriao. Its construction was completed in September 2015 in time for the ]. It is a two-storey structure with a total floor area of 11,832 square meters. The main hall on the ground floor has a 3,700-seat capacity and 500-seat function rooms on the second floor. A rooftop of 1,500 sqm is available for outdoor functions.<ref name="business.inquirer.net">{{cite news|url=http://business.inquirer.net/97387/iloilo-set-to-turn-into-a-convention-hub|title=Iloilo set to turn into a convention hub|first=Nestor Burgos|last=Jr.|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref>
			The ] is a state-of-the-art convention center located in the Iloilo Business Park by Megaworld Corporation in Mandurriao. Its construction was completed in September 2015 in time for the ]. It is a two-story structure with a total floor area of 11,832 square meters (127,358 square feet). The main hall on the ground floor has a 3,700-seat capacity and 500-seat function rooms on the second floor. A rooftop of 1,500 square meters (16,145 square feet) is available for outdoor functions.<ref name="business.inquirer.net">{{cite news|url=http://business.inquirer.net/97387/iloilo-set-to-turn-into-a-convention-hub|title=Iloilo set to turn into a convention hub|first=Nestor Jr.|last=Burgos|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=October 29, 2016|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233714/http://business.inquirer.net/97387/iloilo-set-to-turn-into-a-convention-hub|url-status=live}}</ref>
	The convention center was designed by Ilonggo architect William Coscolluela. The design was inspired by Iloilo's ] and Paraw Regatta festivals.		The convention center was designed by Ilonggo architect William Coscolluela. The design was inspired by Iloilo's ] and Paraw Regatta festivals.
			] in ], the largest theater in Western Visayas.]]
	Iloilo has various facilities also for international and local musical, band, and solo performances or concerts. Rose Memorial Auditorium or ''Rose'' on Central Philippine University's main campus is the largest and notable auditorium or theater Western Visayas region. It hosted concerts held by famous Filipino and international singers, bands and cultural groups and is also the venue of the annual national ] that draws homegrown music artists from all over the Philippines.<ref name="12 finalists sa Bombo Music Festival, napili na"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101713/http://www.bomboradyo.com/12-finalists-sa-bombo-music-festival-napili-na/ |date=12 January 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref><ref name="Bombo Music Festival 2018 Updates"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101922/http://www.bomboradyo.com/bombo-music-festival-entry-form-download/ |date=12 January 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref><ref name="Estudyante mula QC, itinanghal na kampeon sa Bombo Music Festival"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101013/http://www.bomboradyo.com/estudyante-mula-qc-itinanghal-na-kampeon-sa-bombo-music-festival/ |date=12 January 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref><ref name="Grand performance night ng Bombo Music Festival bukas, handa na"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101122/http://www.bomboradyo.com/grand-performance-night-ng-bombo-music-festival-bukas-handa-na/ |date=12 January 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref>
			Iloilo has various facilities also for international and local musical, band, and solo performances or concerts. Rose Memorial Auditorium or ''Rose'' on Central Philippine University's main campus is the largest and notable auditorium or theater Western Visayas region. It hosted concerts held by famous Filipino and international singers, bands and cultural groups and is also the venue of the annual national ] that draws homegrown music artists from all over the Philippines.<ref name="12 finalists sa Bombo Music Festival, napili na"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101713/http://www.bomboradyo.com/12-finalists-sa-bombo-music-festival-napili-na/ |date=January 12, 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref><ref name="Bombo Music Festival 2018 Updates"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101922/http://www.bomboradyo.com/bombo-music-festival-entry-form-download/ |date=January 12, 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref><ref name="Estudyante mula QC, itinanghal na kampeon sa Bombo Music Festival"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101013/http://www.bomboradyo.com/estudyante-mula-qc-itinanghal-na-kampeon-sa-bombo-music-festival/ |date=January 12, 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref><ref name="Grand performance night ng Bombo Music Festival bukas, handa na"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112101122/http://www.bomboradyo.com/grand-performance-night-ng-bombo-music-festival-bukas-handa-na/ |date=January 12, 2018 }}. Retrieved.</ref>
	The auditorium is a 2-storey structure and can occupy or has a maximum capacity of 4,000+ spectators. Rose Memorial along with Central Philippine University has been and is the only theater/auditorium and university in the Western Visayas region that has been designated (one of the first batch of nine) ] Regional Art Centers (or Kaisa sa Sining Regional Art Centers) in 2014 in the whole Philippines.<ref name="CCP Launches Art Centers in the Province"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035057/http://culturalcenter.gov.ph/press-room/ccp-launches-art-centers-in-the-provinces/ |date=4 March 2016 }}. Retrieved 5 January 2015.</ref><ref name="CCP expands regional art centers">. Retrieved 5 January 2015.</ref><ref name="Kaisa sa Sining: The CCP Regional Art Centers & University/College Art Associates"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112230241/http://culturalcenter.gov.ph/programs/kaisa-sa-sining-regional-arts-centers/ |date=12 January 2017 }}. Retrieved 5 January 2015.</ref><ref name="CCP expands its Kaisa sa Sining Regional Art Centers"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207185903/http://www.abante.com.ph/istayl/25124/ccp-expands-its-kaisa-sa-sining-regional-art-centers.html |date=7 February 2016 }}. Retrieved 5 January 2015.</ref><ref name="CCP launches art centers in the provinces"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113035505/http://www.philstar.com/cultural-center-philippines/2014/01/23/1282140/ccp-launches-art-centers-provinces |date=13 January 2018 }}. Retrieved 5 January 2015.</ref><ref name="Art centers in the provinces">. Retrieved 5 January 2015.</ref>		The auditorium is a 2-storey structure and can occupy or has a maximum capacity of 4,000+ spectators. Rose Memorial along with Central Philippine University has been and is the only theater/auditorium and university in the Western Visayas region that has been designated (one of the first batch of nine) ] Regional Art Centers (or Kaisa sa Sining Regional Art Centers) in 2014 in the whole Philippines.<ref name="CCP Launches Art Centers in the Province"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035057/http://culturalcenter.gov.ph/press-room/ccp-launches-art-centers-in-the-provinces/ |date=March 4, 2016 }}. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</ref><ref name="CCP expands regional art centers"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002123/http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/191558/ccp-expands-regional-art-centers |date=March 4, 2016 }}. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</ref><ref name="Kaisa sa Sining: The CCP Regional Art Centers & University/College Art Associates"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112230241/http://culturalcenter.gov.ph/programs/kaisa-sa-sining-regional-arts-centers/ |date=January 12, 2017 }}. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</ref><ref name="CCP expands its Kaisa sa Sining Regional Art Centers"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207185903/http://www.abante.com.ph/istayl/25124/ccp-expands-its-kaisa-sa-sining-regional-art-centers.html |date=February 7, 2016 }}. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</ref><ref name="CCP launches art centers in the provinces"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113035505/http://www.philstar.com/cultural-center-philippines/2014/01/23/1282140/ccp-launches-art-centers-provinces |date=January 13, 2018 }}. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</ref><ref name="Art centers in the provinces">. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</ref>
			], also known as Regent Theater, formerly known as Cine Palace or Palace Theater, is the oldest existing movie theater in Iloilo.]]
	There had been old cinema theaters in the old central business district of ''Calle Real'', but they do not now operate because of the development of modern shopping malls with cinemas in the metropolis which replaced their once and glorious days in the heritage zone of ''Calle Real'' in the city center. Modern day cinemas in the metropolis screens with a wide array of present-day films both national and from foreign countries. The arts and entertainment initiatives with the Film Development Council of the Philippines under the office of the Philippine President city has established its presence in the city as the regional cultural and arts center of Western Visayas through the establishment of ''Cinematheque'' theater which showcases various screened films.		There had been old cinema theaters in the old central business district of ''Calle Real'', but they do not now operate because of the development of modern shopping malls with cinemas in the metropolis which replaced their once and glorious days in the heritage zone of ''Calle Real'' in the city center. Modern day cinemas in the metropolis screens with a wide array of present-day films both national and from foreign countries. The arts and entertainment initiatives with the Film Development Council of the Philippines under the office of the Philippine President city has established its presence in the city as the regional cultural and arts center of Western Visayas through the establishment of ''Cinematheque'' theater which showcases various screened films.
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	=== Cuisine ===		=== Cuisine ===
			] ]]]
	]. Famous throughout the Philippines, it is an Ilonggo delicacy that originated from the ] district of Iloilo City.]]		]. Famous throughout the Philippines, it is an Ilonggo delicacy that originated from the ] district of Iloilo City.]]
	Food in Iloilo is a blend of east-and-west due to the contact of locals with the foreign cultures because of Iloilo's central most location and one of the most important port cities in the Philippines. The three hundred years of Spanish influence in the Iloilo's culture left a heavy imprint in the Ilonggo cuisine that resulted to the cuisines that are the same with other Hispanic influenced countries like ''Menudo'', ''Afritada'', ''Lechon'', ''Adobo'', ''Estofado'', among others. Because of Ilonggos roots as Asians, rice is a staple diet food, and is usually served plain with other dishes.		With Iloilo being hailed as the ''Food Haven of the Philippines'', its local cuisines are well-loved and recognized by many Filipinos across the country, including from different parts of the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-12 |title='FOOD HAVEN OF PH': Iloilo cuisine a gastronomic delight for food lovers |url=https://www.panaynews.net/food-haven-of-ph-iloilo-cuisine-a-gastronomic-delight-for-food-lovers/#:~:text=Dubbed%20as%20the%20%E2%80%9CFood%20Haven,many%20Filipinos%20across%20the%20country. |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=www.panaynews.net |archive-date=October 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011234948/https://www.panaynews.net/food-haven-of-ph-iloilo-cuisine-a-gastronomic-delight-for-food-lovers/#:~:text=Dubbed%20as%20the%20%E2%80%9CFood%20Haven,many%20Filipinos%20across%20the%20country. |url-status=live }}</ref> The City of Iloilo is the first ] in ] in the country owing to its diverse array of traditional and modernized cuisines that has gained foothold across the country.<ref name=":0" /> Food in Iloilo is a blend of east-and-west due to the contact of locals with the foreign cultures because of Iloilo's central most location and one of the most important port cities in the Philippines. The three hundred years of Spanish influence in the Iloilo's culture left a heavy imprint in the Ilonggo cuisine that resulted to the cuisines that are the same with other Hispanic influenced countries like ''Menudo'', ''Afritada'', ''Lechon'', ''Adobo'', ''Estofado'', among others. Because of Ilonggos roots as Asians, rice is a staple diet food, and is usually served plain with other dishes.
			The city is famous for dishes like ], ], ], ], ], Tinuom nga Manok, Inasal nga Manok (Chicken Inasal), and Kilawin.
	The city has a variety of restaurants specialized in serving foreign cuisines (], ], ], ], ], ], and ] cuisines). The rise of international and luxury hotels brought high-end buffet and exclusive dining experience to tourists and locals.		The city has a variety of restaurants specialized in serving foreign cuisines (], ], ], ], ], ], and ] cuisines). The rise of international and luxury hotels brought high-end buffet and exclusive dining experience to tourists and locals.
	Chinese influenced played also a vital role in influencing the Ilonggo cuisine and because of it, famous dishes like the La Paz Batchoy and ] born-out because of such influence which became well known throughout the Philippines that originated from Iloilo. Notable Chinese restaurants in the city which are notable include ''Roberto's'' and ''Kong Kee''.		Chinese influenced played also a vital role in influencing the Ilonggo cuisine and because of it, famous dishes like the ] and ] born-out because of such influence which became well known throughout the Philippines that originated from Iloilo.
	Iloilo has also been the founding location of the first branch of ''Mang Inasal'' fast-food chain of restaurants in the country. It was founded by ], a Japanese-Chinese-Filipino businessman in 2003 and has expanded with its opening of branches throughout the Philippines.<ref name="Mang Inasal: History">. Retrieved 30 April 2019.</ref>		Iloilo has also been the founding location of the first branch of ] fast-food chain of restaurants in the country. It was founded by ], a Japanese-Chinese-Filipino businessman in 2003 and has expanded with its opening of branches throughout the Philippines.<ref name="Mang Inasal: History"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430032341/https://www.manginasal.com/about-us/ |date=April 30, 2019 }}. Retrieved April 30, 2019.</ref>
	]		]''.]]
	La Paz Batchoy is one of Iloilo's signature dishes, a delicacy served in restaurants all over Iloilo City. The said noodle soup is made with miki, (round noodles), pork organs (liver, spleen, kidneys and heart), chicken stock, beef loin, shrimp stock, and garnished with chicharon (pork cracklings). It is best eaten at the batchoyan (batchoy stalls) in La Paz Market where it originated. The most famous places to eat batchoy are Ted's, Deco's, Netong's, and Inggo's. The "original" creator of the dish is not certain, but you may judge for yourself which among them serves the tastiest. When served with a bowl of batchoy, most Ilonggos would finish the kaldo (broth) first. It is customary to request additional refills of kaldo before finishing the meal.<ref name="The Best La Paz Batchoy in Iloilo">. Retrieved 29 April 2019.</ref>		La Paz Batchoy is one of Iloilo's signature dishes, a delicacy served in restaurants all over Iloilo City. The said noodle soup is made with miki, (round noodles), pork organs (liver, spleen, kidneys and heart), chicken stock, beef loin, shrimp stock, and garnished with chicharon (pork cracklings). When served with a bowl of batchoy, most Ilonggos would finish the kaldo (broth) first. It is customary to request additional refills of kaldo before finishing the meal.<ref name="The Best La Paz Batchoy in Iloilo"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425070054/http://primer.com.ph/food/cuisines/asian/filipino/the-best-la-paz-batchoy-in-iloilo/ |date=April 25, 2019 }}. Retrieved April 29, 2019.</ref>
	The Spanish influence brought baking techniques to the locals which established century-old notable baking institutions in which Iloilo is famous for – ''Panaderia ni Paa'' (founded in the 1900s) and ''Deocampo: The Original Barquillos'' ''(Los Barquillos Originales)'' (founded in the 1800s) are both located in Jaro and ''Panaderia de Molo'' (founded in the 1800s) in Molo. Sweet delicacies like ''Biscocho'' and ''Barquillos'' are one of the innumerable influences of the Spaniards. Barquillos is a thin rolled cookies while Biscocho is a hardened baked sliced bread with milk and margarine. In the whole archipelago of the Philippines, Iloilo stands out for serving the first and most popular barquillos and biscocho.<ref>. Retrieved 30 April 2019.</ref>		The Spanish influence brought baking techniques to the locals which established century-old notable baking institutions in which Iloilo is famous for – ''Panaderia ni Paa'' (founded in the 1900s) and ''Deocampo: The Original Barquillos'' ''(Los Barquillos Originales)'' (founded in the 1800s) are both located in Jaro and ''Panaderia de Molo'' (founded in the 1800s) in Molo. Sweet delicacies like ''Biscocho'' and ''Barquillos'' are one of the innumerable influences of the Spaniards. Barquillos is a thin rolled cookies while Biscocho is a hardened baked sliced bread with milk and margarine. In the whole archipelago of the Philippines, Iloilo stands out for serving the first and most popular barquillos and biscocho.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430032253/http://www.iloilo.net.ph/deocampo/ |date=April 30, 2019 }}. Retrieved April 30, 2019.</ref>
	=== Media ===		=== Media ===
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	Iloilo City is the main headquarters of ], which owns Bombo Radio AM stations and Star FM stations across the country. Being the urban center of the province, most of the AM and FM radio stations serve the province of Iloilo and Guimaras, mostly local stations of national radio stations.		Iloilo City is the main headquarters of ], which owns Bombo Radio AM stations and Star FM stations across the country. Being the urban center of the province, most of the AM and FM radio stations serve the province of Iloilo and Guimaras, mostly local stations of national radio stations.
	Television arrived in the city in 1964 when ] began airing, serving Iloilo City and the neighboring towns in the province. In 1998, with the frequency transfer to Channel 10, ABS-CBN separated its news team from the Bacolod news team and launched TV Patrol Iloilo (today ]). In 1967, ] (a TV5 affiliate) stated its initial broadcast in Jaro, Iloilo City. By 1974 it changed its affiliation to ] as their local television station. The channel started upgrading its facilities and relocated their TV tower to Guimaras and began serving Iloilo City, Panay and Guimaras, as well as some parts of ] in 1998. Studio 23 Iloilo (UHF 38) (changed its name to ] on 18 January 2014) initiated its broadcast in 1999. The government television station, ] (]) in 1992 and ] (]) in 1977 are also broadcasting local programs for Iloilo. In the first quarter of 2010, ] (UHF 28) (changed its name to ] on 28 February 2011) and UNTV-42 (UHF 42) commenced operations in the city. In second quarter of 2012, ] (UHF 36) and ] (UHF 46) commenced operation, serving the southern part of Western Visayas that includes southern Panay, Iloilo City and Guimaras, also formerly, Negros Occidental, and at the same time started its ] team coverage. In 1995, RMN launch a UHF TV CTV (Cinema Television) and Iloilo UHF 26 was born. It started its initial broadcast with limited coverage area. In 1997, RMN 26 rebrand to E! Philippines with general entertainment format. But in 2003, RMN cease it operations. Until BEAM an affiliate of RMN return to test broadcast in July 3, 2010 and rebrand to BEAM TV. In 2012, BEAM TV 26 relocate its transmitter to Jordan, Guimaras from RMN Broadcast Center in Lapaz, Iloilo City, and increase its transmitting power from 500 watts to current power 5,000watts in analog and during that time also initial broadcast its digital terrestrial television at UHF 42 with the power of 1,000 watts.		Television arrived in the city in 1964 when ] began airing, serving Iloilo City and the neighboring towns in the province. In 1998, with the frequency transfer to Channel 10, ABS-CBN separated its news team from the Bacolod news team and launched TV Patrol Iloilo (today ]). In 1967, TV-6 Iloilo (a TV5 affiliate) stated its initial broadcast in Jaro, Iloilo City. By 1974 it changed its affiliation to ] as their local television station. The channel started upgrading its facilities and relocated their TV tower to Guimaras and began serving Iloilo City, Panay and Guimaras, as well as some parts of ] in 1998. Studio 23 Iloilo (UHF 38) (changed its name to ] on January 18, 2014) initiated its broadcast in 1999. The government television station, ] (]) in 1992 and ] (]) in 1977 are also broadcasting local programs for Iloilo. In the first quarter of 2010, ] (UHF 28) (changed its name to ] on February 28, 2011) and UNTV-42 (UHF 42) commenced operations in the city. In second quarter of 2012, ] (UHF 36) and ] (UHF 46) commenced operation, serving the southern part of Western Visayas that includes southern Panay, Iloilo City and Guimaras, also formerly, Negros Occidental, and at the same time started its ] team coverage. In 1995, RMN launch a UHF TV CTV (Cinema Television) and Iloilo UHF 26 was born. It started its initial broadcast with limited coverage area. In 1997, RMN 26 rebrand to E! Philippines with general entertainment format. But in 2003, RMN cease it operations. Until BEAM an affiliate of RMN return to test broadcast on July 3, 2010, and rebrand to BEAM TV. In 2012, BEAM TV 26 relocate its transmitter to Jordan, Guimaras from RMN Broadcast Center in Lapaz, Iloilo City, and increase its transmitting power from 500 watts to current power 5,000watts in analog and during that time also initial broadcast its digital terrestrial television at UHF 42 with the power of 1,000 watts.
	==Cityscape==		==Cityscape==
			{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Iloilo}}
			] is one of the heritage edifices that lines the historic ] (Royal Street) Heritage Zone in Iloilo's downtown area.]]
	The city's modern-day appearance is shaped by the key role it has played as a trading hub for centuries. Iloilo City has a multitude of districts, each with its distinctive character and representing colonial influence. Iloilo's other distinctive features include its cityscape surrounded with water features such as rivers and is bounded by a sea; bicycle paths and ornamental trees that line most city streets; and its many open spaces, gardens and parks.		The city's modern-day appearance is shaped by the key role it has played as a trading hub for centuries. Iloilo City has a multitude of districts, each with its distinctive character and representing colonial influence. Iloilo's other distinctive features include its cityscape surrounded with water features such as rivers and is bounded by a sea; bicycle paths and ornamental trees that line most city streets; and its many open spaces, gardens and parks.
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	===Architecture===		===Architecture===
	]		], in the district of Molo, is revered as one of the most outstanding historical homes in the Philippines.]]
			Iloilo City's urban planning and architecture reflect the plans of the Spanish and the American colonial administrations. Since Iloilo City is a conglomeration of towns, the districts have their own plazas which are surrounded by establishments of political and ecclesiastical influence, such as churches and old administrative halls. In 1930, ] of the Bureau of Public Works designed the schematic plan for Iloilo City, which was influenced by ]'s "Garden City."<ref name=heritage>{{Citation | author = Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council | title = Republic of the Philippines Iloilo City Conservation Planning and Development Guidelines for the Downtown Central Business District (CBD)Heritage Zone | url = https://www.scribd.com/doc/33612277/Conservation-Planning-and-Development-Guidelines-for-the-Downtown-Central-Business-District-CBD-Heritage-Zone | pages = 16–17 | access-date = November 4, 2010 | archive-date = November 7, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101107102330/http://www.scribd.com/doc/33612277/Conservation-Planning-and-Development-Guidelines-for-the-Downtown-Central-Business-District-CBD-Heritage-Zone | url-status = live }}</ref>
	Iloilo City's urban planning and architecture reflect the plans of the Spanish and the American colonial administrations. Since Iloilo City is a conglomeration of towns, the districts have their own plazas which are surrounded by establishments of political and ecclesiastical influence, such as churches and old administrative halls. In 1930, ] of the Bureau of Public Works designed the schematic plan for Iloilo City, which was influenced by ]'s "Garden City."<ref name=heritage>{{Citation | author = Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council | title = Republic of the Philippines Iloilo City Conservation Planning and Development Guidelines for the Downtown Central Business District (CBD)Heritage Zone | url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/33612277/Conservation-Planning-and-Development-Guidelines-for-the-Downtown-Central-Business-District-CBD-Heritage-Zone | pages = 16–17 | access-date = 4 November 2010 }}</ref>
	] Villa Lizares (Lizares Mansion) in the town of Jaro.]]
			] Villa Lizares (]) in the district of Jaro.]]
	The ] colonial influence is strongly imprinted not only in Iloilo's history and cultural background but also the architectural perspective.		The ] colonial influence is strongly imprinted not only in Iloilo's history and cultural background but also the architectural perspective.
	The city's regaled status during the Spanish colonial era until the turn of the 20th century is implied during by the sugar boom with ubiquitous stately mansions and edifices built by the old money Ilonggo Sugar Baron and elite families which contrast to the city's economic importance as a second city next to Manila during the said era in the Philippines. The city's other moniker – ‘’City of Mansions’’ is likewise implied because Iloilo holds 240 mansions in which 30 of it are grand mansions built during the Spanish and American colonial eras.		The city's regaled status during the Spanish colonial era until the turn of the 20th century is implied during by the sugar boom with ubiquitous stately mansions and edifices built by the old money Ilonggo Sugar Baron and elite families which contrast to the city's economic importance as a second city next to Manila during the said era in the Philippines. The city's other moniker – ''City of Mansions'' is likewise implied because Iloilo holds 240 mansions in which 30 of it are grand mansions built during the Spanish and American colonial eras.
	]		]), one of the few free-standing bell towers in the Philippines that is detached from the church.]]
			The ravaged ''Fuerte de San Pedro'' (]) is Iloilo's ground zero as there was no Iloilo City back in the 1600s. As a fortress, Fort San Pedro was built solely by the Spaniards to protect Iloilo from the marauding pirates and privateers. The fort is the second Spanish built fort after the one in Cebu (also Fort San Pedro) in the Philippines and Asia. The foundation of the Fort San Pedro was substantial to the Spanish Empire's stronghold as Panay Island with Iloilo as their second colonial center established through the Iloilo precursor towns of Oton (1566) and La Villa Rica de Arevalo (1581). Oton which was founded as early as 1566 but formally established in 1572 was the actual second seat of Spanish colonial powers but due to pirate attacks, they moved the capital eastward and established the ''La Villa Rica de Arevalo''.
			The town of La Villa Rica de Arevalo holds some of the fine example of Spanish built mansions like the mansion of the Spanish Governor General, but were destroyed when the pirates ransacked and destroyed the town. It was in the said frequent events of pirate attacks that the Spaniards moved finally the capital further eastward in the mouth of ''Rio de Iloilo'' (Iloilo River) which is flanked and protected by ] across it.
	The ravaged ‘’Fuerte de San Pedro’’ (Fort San Pedro) is Iloilo's ground zero as there was no Iloilo City back in the 1600s. As a fortress, Fort San Pedro was built solely by the Spaniards to protect Iloilo from the marauding pirates and privateers. The fort is the second Spanish built fort after the one in Cebu (also Fort San Pedro) in the Philippines and Asia. The foundation of the Fort San Pedro was substantial to the Spanish Empire's stronghold as Panay Island with Iloilo as their second colonial center established through the Iloilo precursor towns of Oton (1566) and La Villa Rica de Arevalo (1581). Oton which was founded as early as 1566 but formally established in 1572 was the actual second seat of Spanish colonial powers but due to pirate attacks, they moved the capital eastward and established the ‘’La Villa Rica de Arevalo’’.
			], an example of modern built classical styled edifice.]]
	The town of La Villa Rica de Arevalo holds some of the fine example of Spanish built mansions like the mansion of the Spanish Governor General, but were destroyed when the pirates ransacked and destroyed the town. It was in the said frequent events of pirate attacks that the Spaniards moved finally the capital further eastward in the mouth of ‘’Rio de Iloilo’’ (Iloilo River) which is flanked and protected by ] across it.
			It was in the said establishment of the city on the mouth of Iloilo River that as years go by, the city flourished to its heights especially in the economic and regal importance in the Spanish and American eras. La Villa Rica de Arevalo (Arevalo) is the first Spanish named town in the Philippine islands. It is also in Arevalo that the third oldest image of Holy Child Jesus (Señor Santo Niño) in the Philippines was brought by the Spaniards. Notable present-day structures that are repositories that attest to the town's former glory as a Spanish precursor town of Iloilo is the mansion of ] and the Convento de Arevalo.
	], an example of modern built classical styled edifice.]]
	It was in the said establishment of the city on the mouth of Iloilo River that as years go by, the city flourished to its heights especially in the economic and regal importance in the Spanish and American eras. La Villa Rica de Arevalo (Arevalo) is the first Spanish named town in the Philippine islands. It is also in Arevalo that the third oldest image of Holy Child Jesus (Señor Santo Niño) in the Philippines was brought by the Spaniards. Notable present-day structures that are repositories that attest to the town's former glory as a Spanish precursor town of Iloilo is the mansion of Balay Camiña na Bato and the Convento de Arevalo.
	During the Spanish and American eras, the city developed its own unique charm that exudes a typical European city in the east which differed it from other cities just like the old Manila in the Philippines. It was in the said eras that architectural perspective of Iloilo flourished with European styled edifices and stately mansions was built which stands of Iloilo's once economic and political importance in its heyday.		During the Spanish and American eras, the city developed its own unique charm that exudes a typical European city in the east which differed it from other cities just like the old Manila in the Philippines. It was in the said eras that architectural perspective of Iloilo flourished with European styled edifices and stately mansions was built which stands of Iloilo's once economic and political importance in its heyday.
	]'' (]) was opened to the world market on 29 September 1855 by ].]]		]) with the '']'' (Loney Dock) which was used as a wharf and port of call berthing ships that plied international routes when the '']'' (]) was opened to the world market on September 29, 1855, by ].]]
	Calle Real (Royal Street) which stretches from Plazoleta Gay up to Plaza Alfonso XII (Plaza Libertad) is Iloilo's Escolta (a heritage street in Manila) lined with commercial edifices that possesses European designs. Calle Real is Iloilo's old Central Business District and is considered as the second most preserved heritage business district in the Philippines. The street during the Iloilo's economic heyday during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the ‘’Puerto de Iloilo’’ (Port of Iloilo) was opened to the international trade is a melting pot and common ground for people of different walks of life, race and color. Stores back then in Calle Real sells luxury goods and items from all over the world.		] (Royal Street) which stretches from ] up to Plaza Alfonso XII (]) is Iloilo's Escolta (a heritage street in Manila) lined with commercial edifices that possesses European designs. Calle Real is Iloilo's old Central Business District and is considered as the second-most preserved heritage business district in the Philippines. The street during the Iloilo's economic heyday during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the ''Puerto de Iloilo'' (Port of Iloilo) was opened to the international trade is a melting pot and common ground for people of different walks of life, race and color. Stores back then in Calle Real sells luxury goods and items from all over the world.
	Iloilo also possesses structures built during the prelude of the American colonial period in the Philippines. ''Aduana de Iloilo'' (Iloilo Customs House) and old Iloilo City Hall are notable of the structures built during the said colonial period. Iloilo Customs House, the second-largest customs house after the Aduana in Manila was built the Filipino Architect Juan M. Arellano.		Iloilo also possesses structures built during the prelude of the American colonial period in the Philippines. ''Aduana de Iloilo'' (]) and ] are notable of the structures built during the said colonial period. Iloilo Customs House, the second-largest customs house after the Aduana in Manila was built the Filipino Architect Juan M. Arellano.
	In farther north is the town of Jaro, the largest of all the district of the City of Iloilo. Once a separate city before it merged with the City of Iloilo in the 1940s, is considered as a town of piousness, old rich and grandeur. Many notable Spanish Ilonggos settled and the said area and built their grand mansions and villas. The town's architecture is heavily influenced by the Hispanic and American cultures.		In farther north is the town of Jaro, the largest of all the district of the City of Iloilo. Once a separate city before it merged with the City of Iloilo in the 1940s, is considered as a town of piousness, old rich and grandeur. Many notable Spanish Ilonggos settled and the said area and built their grand mansions and villas. The town's architecture is heavily influenced by the Hispanic and American cultures.
	]		] (St. Anne Parish), the first Gothic and feminist church outside Manila.]]
			Grand mansions with imposing European styled facades and motifs of ''Buena Familias'' or Old-rich families (Spanish-Chinese-Filipino families) of Jaro like the Lopez, Ledesma, Lizares, Jalandoni, Javellana and Locsin families that some of it lines the first millionaire row in the Philippine islands still stands to this day. Two of notable mansions that attest to Jaro's importance as an old rich town that developed out of the sugar boom during the Spanish colonial period is the ] (Lopez Mansion) or Nelly Garden and the beaux-art styled ] (Lizares Mansion) which houses at present the ] of the Dominicans.
			Religion is also a crucial factor that influenced Jaro's architectural and town plan perspective as it is the cradle of Christian faith in Western Visayas. The Spanish which brought the Roman Catholic faith established the Jaro Cathedral (National Shrine of the Our Lady Candles) with its separate ] located across it (one of the few churches in the Philippines with a detached belfry) and the Seminario-Colegio de San Vicente Ferrer (the first institution of Higher Learning in Western Visayas). The advent of American colonialization which brought Protestantism has resulted also to the establishment of institutions.
	Grand mansions with imposing European styled facades and motifs of ''‘’Buena Familias’’'' or ''"Old-rich families"'' (Spanish-Chinese-Filipino families) of Jaro like the Lopez, Ledesma, Lizares, Jalandoni, Javellana and Locsin families that some of it lines the first millionaire row in the Philippine islands still stands to this day. Two of notable mansions that attest to Jaro's importance as an old rich town that developed out of the sugar boom during the Spanish colonial period is the Mansion de Lopez (Lopez Mansion) or Nelly Garden and the beaux-art styled Villa Lizares (Lizares Mansion) which houses at present the Angelicum School Iloilo of the Dominicans.
	Religion is also a crucial factor that influenced Jaro's architectural and town plan perspective as it is the cradle of Christian faith in Western Visayas. The Spanish which brought the Roman Catholic faith established the Jaro Cathedral (National Shrine of the Our Lady Candles) with its separate belfry located across it (one of the few churches in the Philippines with a detached belfry) and the Seminario-Colegio de San Vicente Ferrer (the first institution of Higher Learning in Western Visayas). The advent of American colonialization which brought Protestantism has resulted also to the establishment of institutions.
	]. Its construction is a result of the economic boom of the City of Iloilo since 2010.]]		]. Its construction is a result of the economic boom of the City of Iloilo since 2010.]]
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	Fine examples of institutions with edifices possessing American architecture and influence includes the Central Philippine University by the Protestant Baptists in 1905 which holds century-old American colonial-styled edifices, the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches which housed at the European styled former (Rupert) Montinola Mansion in Fajardo, Jaro, and the Jaro Evangelical Church (the first Baptist Church in the Philippine Islands), are among the few of the notable institutions that holds a number of structures that possesses American architectural influence design.		Fine examples of institutions with edifices possessing American architecture and influence includes the Central Philippine University by the Protestant Baptists in 1905 which holds century-old American colonial-styled edifices, the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches which housed at the European styled former (Rupert) Montinola Mansion in Fajardo, Jaro, and the Jaro Evangelical Church (the first Baptist Church in the Philippine Islands), are among the few of the notable institutions that holds a number of structures that possesses American architectural influence design.
	The town of Molo located westward of the "La Punta" (City Proper) is sometimes called "Parian" or Chinese town during the Spanish colonial times. Old rich Molo influential families helped shaped the town's not only economical but political and architectural sphere. The town just like the more Spanish or Mestizo town of Jaro has also a plethora of mansions built by old-rich Chinese-Spanish-Ilonggo Locsin, Lacson, Sayson, Layson and Pison families. The Molo Church "(Iglesia de Santa Ana)" which was built under the supervision of some of the members of notable Molo families like the "Locsins", is the first and only feminist church outside Manila with its imposing façade with gothic influence facing the "Plaza Molo". The "Yusay-Consing" Mansion or Molo Mansion located just across the Plaza Molo and Molo Church was bought by the retail and real estate giant SM Group has been refurbished and restored to its former glory and is now a houses several cultural stores and a mini-museum which exhibits several artworks and native products.		The town of Molo located westward of the "La Punta" (City Proper) is sometimes called "Parian" or Chinese town during the Spanish colonial times. Old rich Molo influential families helped shaped the town's not only economical but political and architectural sphere. The town just like the more Spanish or Mestizo town of Jaro has also a plethora of mansions built by old-rich Chinese-Spanish-Ilonggo Locsin, Lacson, Sayson, Layson and Pison families. The ] "(Iglesia de Santa Ana)" which was built under the supervision of some of the members of notable Molo families like the "Locsins", is the first and only feminist church outside Manila with its imposing façade with gothic influence facing the "Plaza Molo". The "Yusay-Consing" Mansion or ] located just across the Plaza Molo and Molo Church was bought by the retail and real estate giant SM Group has been refurbished and restored to its former glory and is now a houses several cultural stores and a mini-museum which exhibits several artworks and native products.
			The present economic boom of the 21st century has spurred modern developments across the city. Huge investments of big real estate developers built modern malls and shopping centers, tall and modern edifices and skyscrapers which sprouted up especially in the new city's ''Central Business Center'' which occupies a huge land area in the town of ]. The first tallest skyscraper in Western Visayas, the ] of the Double Dragon Properties could be found in the area. Hotels and condominiums and tree-lined avenues with jogging and bicycle lanes have also been built during the city's economic renaissance up to the present. The Iloilo's festival inspired iconic ] is also located in the ].
	]
	The present economic boom of the 21st century has spurred modern developments across the city. Huge investments of big real estate developers built modern malls and shopping centers, tall and modern edifices and skyscrapers which sprouted up especially in the new city's ‘’Central Business Center’’ which occupies a huge land area in the town of ]. The first tallest skyscraper in Western Visayas, the Injap Tower of the Double Dragon Properties could be found in the area. Hotels and condominiums and tree-lined avenues with jogging and bicycle lanes have also been built during the city's economic renaissance up to the present. The Iloilo's festival inspired iconic Iloilo Convention Center is also located in the Iloilo Business Park.
	===Sustainability===		===Sustainability===
	] at night. Stretching at about 7-8 kilometers on the both sides of the Iloilo River banks, it is the longest river esplanade and linear park in the Philippines.]]		], National Museum – Western Visayas Regional Museum, and Iloilo Hall of Justice with the ] in the foreground. Iloilo River, which snakes through the metropolis, is home to 22 of 35 species of mangroves endemic to the Philippines.]]
	The city has been a champion in air quality initiatives that further implied when in won in the 2017 ‘’Clean Air City Award’’ given by the Clean Air Philippine Movement. The award is given to urban centers and cities whose initiatives in good urban planning is to maintain a good air quality for its citizens to be a more livable and air pollution Philippines cities.<ref name="Iloilo to receive ‘Clean Air City’ award">. Retrieved 30 July 2018.</ref><ref name="auto">. Retrieved 30 July 2018.</ref>		The city has been a champion in air quality initiatives which further solidified when it won the 2017 ''Clean Air City Award'' given by the Clean Air Philippine Movement. The award is given to urban centers and cities whose initiatives in good urban planning is to maintain a good air quality for its citizens to be a more livable and air pollution Philippines cities.<ref name="Iloilo to receive 'Clean Air City' award"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133303/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1017017 |date=July 3, 2018 }}. Retrieved July 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="auto"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703104011/https://thedailyguardian.net/local-news/iloilo-city-bags-clean-air-award/ |date=July 3, 2018 }}. Retrieved July 30, 2018.</ref>
	For the second time, Iloilo City has been conferred the for its entry the Iloilo Batiano River Development Project.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://leagueonlinenews.com/news/iloilo-city-bags-galing-pook-award-for-cleaning-river/|title=ILOILO CITY BAGS GALING POOK AWARD FOR CLEANING RIVER|work=League Online News|access-date=6 November 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> The award recognizes best local government practices worthy of replication by other local government units (LGUs).		For the second time, Iloilo City has been conferred the {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106132149/http://www.galingpook.org/awards |date=November 6, 2018 }} for its entry the Iloilo Batiano River Development Project.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://leagueonlinenews.com/news/iloilo-city-bags-galing-pook-award-for-cleaning-river/|title=ILOILO CITY BAGS GALING POOK AWARD FOR CLEANING RIVER|work=League Online News|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=April 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425113136/https://insuleer.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> The award recognizes best local government practices worthy of replication by other local government units (LGUs).
	The city's government continued initiatives to lessen its impact on the global carbon footprint, resulted in enacting of various environmental laws in the metropolis such as banning of plastic straws in the city, strict compliance of establishments along the stretch of Iloilo river to install waste water treatment facilities, and segregation of bio-degradable and degradable rubbishes. Restaurants such as the ones that are serving fast-food in the city use oxo-degradable plastic bags and recycled paper-boxes. Iloilo City has also tree planting programs such as the government and various stakeholders continued forestation of endemic and ornamental trees along the city's major thoroughfares and mangroves along the city's creeks, estuaries, waterfront areas and rivers.		The city's government continued initiatives to lessen its impact on the global carbon footprint, resulted in enacting of various environmental laws in the metropolis such as banning of plastic straws in the city, strict compliance of establishments along the stretch of Iloilo river to install waste water treatment facilities, and segregation of bio-degradable and degradable rubbishes. Restaurants such as the ones that are serving fast-food in the city use oxo-degradable plastic bags and recycled paper-boxes. Iloilo City has also tree planting programs such as the government and various stakeholders continued forestation of endemic and ornamental trees along the city's major thoroughfares and mangroves along the city's creeks, estuaries, waterfront areas and rivers.
	The Iloilo city government's continued efforts for green sustainability through building of parks, open spaces and making the metropolis clean and conducive to tourists, bagged the city the ASEAN Clean Tourist City award in 2020.<ref>https://philnews.ph/2019/11/29/iloilo-city-won-the-asean-clean-tourist-city-award/</ref>		The Iloilo city government's continued efforts for green sustainability through building of parks, open spaces and making the metropolis clean and conducive to tourists, bagged the city the ASEAN Clean Tourist City award in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://philnews.ph/2019/11/29/iloilo-city-won-the-asean-clean-tourist-city-award/|title = Iloilo City Won the ASEAN Clean Tourist City Award|date = November 29, 2019|access-date = November 30, 2019|archive-date = December 5, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191205085223/https://philnews.ph/2019/11/29/iloilo-city-won-the-asean-clean-tourist-city-award/|url-status = live}}</ref>
			The local government's aim to make Iloilo a sustainable, bike-friendly metro earned the city the Most Bike-Friendly City citation in the ''2018 PhilBike Awards''. It also received the following accolades: Gold Award in both the 2021 and 2022 ''National Bike Day - Bike Lane Awards'',<ref name="Iloilo City bags gold in PH bike lane awards: Panay News"/> Gold Award in the ''Mobility Awards 2021'',<ref name="Mobility Awards 2021 awardees"/> and the Galing Pook Award 2022 (through its I-Bike Program).<ref name="Bike-friendly Iloilo City wins Galing Pook award"/>
	===Parks and recreation===		===Parks and recreation===
			]
	]
	The city is endowed with various parks, open spaces and gardens which contribute the city's government initiatives in protecting and preserving its urbanscape for city dwellers for them to benefit from. The Iloilo River Esplanade which stretches on both sides of Iloilo River which has been designed a renowned Filipino Architect Paulo Alcazaren who designed ] in ], is the longest linear park and riverside boulevard in the Philippines. The Iloilo River Esplanade along its stretch is dense with mangrove trees where 22 of the 35 species of mangroves that is endemic to the Philippines can be found. The mangroves along the Iloilo River Esplanade is also a breeding ground for marine species.		The city is endowed with various parks, open spaces and gardens which contribute the city's government initiatives in protecting and preserving its urbanscape for city dwellers for them to benefit from. The Iloilo River Esplanade which stretches on both sides of Iloilo River which has been designed a renowned Filipino Architect Paulo Alcazaren who designed ] in ], is the longest linear park and riverside boulevard in the Philippines. The Iloilo River Esplanade along its stretch is dense with mangrove trees where 22 of the 35 species of mangroves that is endemic to the Philippines can be found. The mangroves along the Iloilo River Esplanade is also a breeding ground for marine species.
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	Iloilo city before is re-incorporation is a conglomerate of former separate towns during the Spanish up to the American colonial eras thus they have their own civic centers or ''Plazas'' equipped with ornamental gardens and endemic ornamental and non-ornamental or fruit trees. Plazas have long been played the role for the city dwellers to socialize and recreate.		Iloilo city before is re-incorporation is a conglomerate of former separate towns during the Spanish up to the American colonial eras thus they have their own civic centers or ''Plazas'' equipped with ornamental gardens and endemic ornamental and non-ornamental or fruit trees. Plazas have long been played the role for the city dwellers to socialize and recreate.
	There are also numerous recent development initiatives that the city government is pushing through for its continued efforts for more parks and open spaces in the city such as the redevelopment of ''Iloilo City Civic Center'' which includes the Iloilo City Hall with the revitalization of the former ''‘’Plaza de Aduana’’'' or ''Sunburst Park'' and the relocation and building of the new ''Freedom Grandstand'' at the Muelle Loney (Loney Wharf) with pocket size and mini gardens. The said same initiative is also being laid-out and undertaken with the Provincial capitol complex of the Iloilo Provincial Government with initial phase of the Iloilo Provincial Jail being renovated and restored becoming the National Museum of the Philippines - Western Visayas regional Museum and the landscaping of the provincial capitol complex.		There are also numerous recent development initiatives that the city government is pushing through for its continued efforts for more parks and open spaces in the city such as the redevelopment of ''Iloilo City Civic Center'' which includes the Iloilo City Hall with the revitalization of the former ''Plaza de Aduana'' or ] and the relocation and building of the new ] at the ] (Loney Wharf) with pocket size and mini gardens. The said same initiative is also being laid-out and undertaken with the ] of the Iloilo Provincial Government with initial phase of the Iloilo Provincial Jail being renovated and restored becoming the ] regional Museum and the landscaping of the provincial capitol complex.
	===Smart City Initiative===		===Smart City Initiative===
			], stretching for about 8-9 kilometers on both banks of the Iloilo River, is the longest river esplanade and linear park in the Philippines.]]
	Iloilo City is closer to being a ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailyguardian.com.ph/is-iloilo-city-closer-to-becoming-a-smart-city/|title=Is Iloilo City closer to becoming a 'Smart City'|date=16 June 2019}}</ref> as it is providing free internet access in public areas,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1751285|title=Free public Wi-Fi up in Iloilo City|date=5 July 2018|work=SunStar}}</ref> aiming to decrease its carbon emission, higher efficiency and productivity to underscore Iloilo as a livable city. Electric vehicles are operating in the city. Pumping Stations were installed to prevent flooding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLTv27HKpN4|title=Iloilo City - Esplanade Project (update) & Pumping Stations - 07/23/2019 - HD|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Air quality is being monitored and graded as clean per international standards. Taxis are advised to use an ] to inform passengers of their location and for navigation through streets and alleys. Oher services include, phone calls for emergency rescue, device charging stations, local wayfinding, free housing in Sooc, Lanit and San Isidro and more. All barangays of Iloilo City have installed ] to predict traffic police requirements and for ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1753272|title=CCTV cameras in Iloilo City 'need enhancement'|first=Carolyn Jane|last=Abello|date=17 July 2018|work=SunStar}}</ref>		Iloilo City is closer to being a ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailyguardian.com.ph/is-iloilo-city-closer-to-becoming-a-smart-city/|title=Is Iloilo City closer to becoming a 'Smart City'|date=June 16, 2019|access-date=October 12, 2019|archive-date=October 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012200301/https://dailyguardian.com.ph/is-iloilo-city-closer-to-becoming-a-smart-city/|url-status=live}}</ref> as it is providing free internet access in public areas,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1751285|title=Free public Wi-Fi up in Iloilo City|date=July 5, 2018|work=SunStar|access-date=October 15, 2019|archive-date=October 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012200719/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1751285|url-status=live}}</ref> aiming to decrease its carbon emission, higher efficiency and productivity to underscore Iloilo as a livable city. Electric vehicles are operating in the city. Pumping Stations were installed to prevent flooding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLTv27HKpN4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211113/OLTv27HKpN4| archive-date=November 13, 2021 | url-status=live|title=Iloilo City – Esplanade Project (update) & Pumping Stations – 07/23/2019 – HD|via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Air quality is being monitored and graded as clean per international standards. Taxis are advised to use an ] to inform passengers of their location and for navigation through streets and alleys. Other services include, phone calls for emergency rescue, device charging stations, local wayfinding, free housing in Sooc, Lanit and San Isidro and more. All barangays of Iloilo City have installed ] to predict traffic police requirements and for ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1753272|title=CCTV cameras in Iloilo City 'need enhancement'|first=Carolyn Jane|last=Abello|date=July 17, 2018|work=SunStar|access-date=October 15, 2019|archive-date=August 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809230915/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1753272|url-status=live}}</ref>
	The city has banned the use of plastic straws in the city, strict compliance of establishments along the stretch of Iloilo river to install waste water treatment facilities, and segregation of bio-degradable and degradable rubbish. Restaurants and fast-food stores use oxo-degradable plastic bags and recycled paper-boxes. Iloilo city sustained its tree-planting programs through forestation of endemic and ornamental trees along the city's major thoroughfares and mangroves along the city's creeks, estuaries, waterfront areas and rivers and clean-up drive.		The city has banned the use of plastic straws in the city, strict compliance of establishments along the stretch of Iloilo river to install waste water treatment facilities, and segregation of bio-degradable and degradable rubbish. Restaurants and fast-food stores use oxo-degradable plastic bags and recycled paper-boxes. Iloilo city sustained its tree-planting programs through forestation of endemic and ornamental trees along the city's major thoroughfares and mangroves along the city's creeks, estuaries, waterfront areas and rivers and clean-up drive.
	The city was awarded in 2017 with ‘’Clean Air City Award’’ by the Clean Air Philippine Movement. The award is recognition of Iloilo urban planning in diligence for maintaining the good air quality<ref name="Iloilo to receive ‘Clean Air City’ award"/><ref name="auto"/>		The city was awarded in 2017 with ''Clean Air City Award'' by the Clean Air Philippine Movement. The award is recognition of Iloilo urban planning in diligence for maintaining the good air quality<ref name="Iloilo to receive 'Clean Air City' award"/><ref name="auto"/>
	For the second time, Iloilo City has been conferred the Galing Pook Award for its entry the Iloilo Batiano River Development Project.<ref name="auto2"/> The award recognizes best local government practices worthy of replication by other local government units (LGUs).		For the second time, Iloilo City has been conferred the Galing Pook Award for its entry the Iloilo Batiano River Development Project.<ref name="auto2"/> The award recognizes best local government practices worthy of replication by other local government units (LGUs).
			In 2024, Iloilo ranked number 6 and was considered one of the top 18 most fitness-friendly cities in the world by Headline Bulletin, one of the oldest fitness and wellness journals since 1996, which has been cited by the ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 18 most fitness-friendly cities in the world – Headline Bulletin |url=https://hbuk.co.uk/top-fitness-cities |access-date=2024-10-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
	== Healthcare ==		== Healthcare ==
	]''' which was founded in 1901 by the Presbyterian American missionary doctor Joseph Andrew Hall, is the first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines (oldest operating hospital in the Western Visayas region). It serves as the university hospital of ]. <small>''(Photo above is the IMH Medical Arts Building of the hospital)''</small>]]		], founded in 1901 by the Presbyterian American missionary doctor Joseph Andrew Hall, is ''the first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines'' (the oldest operating hospital in the Western Visayas region). It serves as the university hospital of Central Philippine University.]]
	Iloilo City is the center of healthcare in the Western Visayas region and is fastly becoming one of the medical tourism hubs in the ]. The Iloilo City Health Office and the ] is responsible for the implementation and planning of the health care programs provided by the city government. The three government-run hospitals in the city are the ] (WVSUMC), Western Visayas Medical Center (WVMC), and the Iloilo City Hospital. The Iloilo City Health Office operates and supervises Health Centers in barrios or barangays in the city.		Iloilo City is the leading healthcare center of the Western Visayas region and is rapidly becoming one of the medical tourism hubs in the ]. The Iloilo City Health Office and the ] is responsible for the implementation and planning of the health care programs provided by the city government. The three government-run hospitals in the city are the ] (WVSUMC), ] (WVMC), and the Iloilo City Hospital. The Iloilo City Health Office operates and supervises Health Centers in barrios or barangays in the city.
	The city provides free immunization programs for children, specifically targeted against the seven major diseases – smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, yellow fever, whooping cough, polio, and measles.		The city provides free immunization programs for children, specifically targeted against the seven major diseases – smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, yellow fever, whooping cough, polio, and measles.
	Iloilo's healthcare is also largely provided by private and church-affiliated corporations. Private hospitals that operates in the city are the ], St. Paul's Hospital Iloilo, ], Metro Iloilo Hospital and Medical Center, Medicus Medical Center, Qualimed Hospital Iloilo, St. Therese-MTC Hospital, Iloilo Doctors' Hospital, Medicus Cancer Institute, ACE Medical Center - Iloilo, and the Seamen's AMEOSUP Hospital.		Iloilo's healthcare is also largely provided by private and church-affiliated corporations. Private hospitals that operates in the city are the following:
			* ''']''' (CPU IMH)
			* '''St. Paul's Hospital Iloilo''' (SPH Iloilo)
			* ''']''' (TMC Iloilo)
			* '''Metro Iloilo Hospital and Medical Center''' (MIHMC)
			* '''Medicus Medical Center''' (MMC)
			* '''Healthway QualiMed Hospital Iloilo''' (HQHI)
			* '''Iloilo Doctors' Hospital''' (IDH)
			* '''Medicus Cancer Institute''' (MCI)
			* '''Asia Pacific Medical Center – Iloilo''' (APMC Iloilo)
			* '''Seamen's AMEOSUP Hospital'''
			* '''Supercare Medical Services/Center'''
			], the first Ayala/Qualimed Hospital in Visayas and Mindanao.]]
	There are also notable maternity clinics and centers in the city which include the La Paz Maternity and Reproductive Health Center (LMRHC) and CPU Birthing Center of the ].		There are also notable maternity clinics and centers in the city which include the La Paz Maternity and Reproductive Health Center (LMRHC) and CPU Birthing Center of the ].
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	Saint Paul's Hospital Iloilo which was founded in 1911 by the French catholic missionaries through the help of the American Catholics, is the oldest running hospital founded by Daughters of Saint Paul of Chartres in the Philippines. At present, it serves as an affiliated hospital of the ]. Both St. Paul's Hospital Iloilo and CPU–Iloilo Mission Hospital are considered notable heritage healthcare institutions in Iloilo.		Saint Paul's Hospital Iloilo which was founded in 1911 by the French catholic missionaries through the help of the American Catholics, is the oldest running hospital founded by Daughters of Saint Paul of Chartres in the Philippines. At present, it serves as an affiliated hospital of the ]. Both St. Paul's Hospital Iloilo and CPU–Iloilo Mission Hospital are considered notable heritage healthcare institutions in Iloilo.
	The two hospitals in the city, the Qualimed Hospital – Iloilo and The Medical City – Iloilo are newly built ones of the two of the renowned hospital groups based in Manila in the country. The Qualimed Hospital - Iloilo of the Ayala Corporation and Mercado General Hospital, Inc. is the first Ayala-Qualimed hospital outside Luzon, while The Medical City - Iloilo is likewise the first The Medical City hospital in Visayas and Mindanao of the group of healthcare institution giant, The Medical City Group. Both hospitals are equipped with state-of-the-art medical facilities catering to the community in general.		The two hospitals in the city, the Qualimed Hospital – Iloilo, now known as Healthway QualiMed Hospital – Iloilo and The Medical City – Iloilo are newly built ones of the two of the renowned hospital groups based in Manila in the country. The Healthway Qualimed Hospital – Iloilo of the Ayala Corporation and Mercado General Hospital, Inc. is the first Ayala-Qualimed hospital outside Luzon, while The Medical City – Iloilo is likewise the first The Medical City hospital in Visayas and Mindanao of the group of healthcare institution giant, The Medical City Group. Both hospitals are equipped with state-of-the-art medical facilities catering to the community in general.
			There are three public hospitals in the city operated and managed by the government:
	The ] (WVSU Medical Center), a government-run hospital administered under the West Visayas State University which primarily serves the indigent populace in the city and region, has auxiliary centers established by the national government for the Western Visayas region through the Department of Health of the Philippines - the WVSU/DOH Regional Cancer Center and the soon to be built 10 storey facility WVSU/DOH Regional Lung and Heart Center.
			* ''']''' (WVSUMC)
			* ''']''' (WVMC)
			* '''Iloilo City Hospital''' (ICH)
			The ] (WVSU Medical Center), commonly referred to as Don Benito, is a government-run hospital administered under the West Visayas State University. It primarily serves the indigent populace in the city and region, has auxiliary centers established by the national government for the Western Visayas region through the Department of Health of the Philippines – the WVSU/DOH Regional Cancer Center and the soon to be built 10 storey facility WVSU/DOH Regional Lung and Heart Center.
			The Western Visayas Medical Center is the largest referral public hospital in the Western Visayas region. It is operated by the Department of Health. The hospital facilities include a 6 storey heart & lung specialty building, 3 storey dialysis building, a 2 storey main building which houses the administrative and emergency and other auxiliary health units of the hospital, and the WVMC annex building (5-6 storey).
			The Iloilo City Hospital which is undergoing construction in San Pedro, Molo, is the city government's project to cope with the healthcare demand of the metropolis's indigent citizens. Components of the hospital include a 5 storey main hall, a medical arts building, and USWAG Iloilo City Molecular Laboratory.
	== Transportation ==		== Transportation ==
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	=== Public transport ===		=== Public transport ===
	Iloilo City is served mostly by passenger ], white metered taxis and tricycles within the city limits. The ''passad'' jeepneys of Iloilo are known for their sleek and sedan-like design. These often serve fixed routes and mostly travel on the city's major and secondary roads. Jeepneys are also the main mode of transportation to Metropolitan Iloilo areas. Tricycles serve most secondary roads and city communities. Large ''passad'' jeepneys and ]es link Iloilo City to the rest of the province and the island of Panay. Buses bound for ], Mindoro, ], Cebu, ] and Mindanao are also available via the ] services of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway. Mini-shuttle vans also serve major points in Panay Island.		Iloilo City is served mostly by passenger ], white metered taxis and tricycles within the city limits. The ''passad'' jeepneys of Iloilo are known for their sleek and sedan-like design. These often serve fixed routes and mostly travel on the city's major and secondary roads. Jeepneys are also the main mode of transportation to Metropolitan Iloilo areas. Tricycles serve most secondary roads and city communities.
			Large ''passad'' jeepneys and buses link Iloilo City to the rest of the province and the island of ]. Buses bound for ], ], ], ], ] and ] are also available via the ] services of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway. Mini-shuttle vans also serve major points in Panay Island.
	Iloilo is one of the few cities in the Philippines that recently initiated to adopt the mini-bus like type ''modern PUJ'' or ''modern Jeepneys'' in contrast to the President Rodrigo Duterte's administration to phase out the old dilapidated jeepneys as the mode of mass public transportation in the Philippines.<ref name="Modern jeepneys to ply 3 new Iloilo routes">. Retrieved 26 October 2018.</ref><ref name="‘Modernized’ jeeps start plying Iloilo routes"> Retrieved 26 October 2018.</ref>
			] servicing Iloilo City to Iloilo International, Kalibo International, and ] Airports and vice versa.]]
	In March 2019, the ] announced the opening of a new ] in Iloilo City with express bus services to the airports in ], Kalibo and ] (Caticlan).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/03/18/ltfrb-opens-28-p2p-routes-for-franchise/ |title=LTFRB opens 28 P2P routes for franchise |work=Manila Bulletin|author=San Juan, Alexandria Dennise |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref>
			Iloilo is one of the few cities in the Philippines that recently initiated to adopt the mini-bus like type ''modern PUJ'' or ''modern Jeepneys'' in contrast to the President Rodrigo Duterte's administration to phase out the old dilapidated jeepneys as the mode of mass public transportation in the Philippines.<ref name="Modern jeepneys to ply 3 new Iloilo routes"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026105921/https://www.bworldonline.com/modern-jeepneys-to-ply-3-new-iloilo-routes/ |date=October 26, 2018 }}. Retrieved October 26, 2018.</ref><ref name="'Modernized' jeeps start plying Iloilo routes"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026104557/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1043278 |date=October 26, 2018 }} Retrieved October 26, 2018.</ref>
	=== Integrated transport terminals ===
	{{unreferenced section|date=December 2020}}
			In March 2019, the ] announced the opening of a new ] in Iloilo City with express bus services to the airports in ], Kalibo and ] (Caticlan).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/03/18/ltfrb-opens-28-p2p-routes-for-franchise/ |title=LTFRB opens 28 P2P routes for franchise |work=Manila Bulletin |author=San Juan, Alexandria Dennise |date=March 19, 2019 |access-date=March 23, 2019 |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323092336/https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/03/18/ltfrb-opens-28-p2p-routes-for-franchise/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			=== Integrated transport terminals ===
	<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->		<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->
	]		]
	Iloilo City has five Major Integrated Transport Terminals located at the city's perimeter areas: the Iloilo North ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Iloilo North Ceres Bus Terminal (NCBT) located at Tagbak, Jaro District is the transport hub serving passengers to/from north western municipalities of Iloilo, City of Passi and northwestern Panay (Capiz and Aklan including Boracay Island); Iloilo Central Line ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Pavia Peoples Terminal (PPT) in Ungka, Jaro District is the transport terminal for passengers to/from central municipalities of Iloilo; Aleonsan ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal at Hibao – and in Mandurriao for those to/from the upland municipalities of San Miguel, Alimodian and Leon (including Bucari, Leon); Iloilo South ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Iloilo South Ceres Bus Terminal (SCBT) located at Mohon in Villa de Arevalo for going to/from the southern municipalities of Iloilo and to/from the province of Antique; and Iloilo North Coast ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal at Ticud, Lapaz District for those going to/from the northern coastal municipalities of Iloilo (including Sicogon Island and Isla de Gigante all part of Carles, Iloilo).		Iloilo City has five Major Integrated Transport Terminals located at the city's perimeter areas: the Iloilo North ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Iloilo North Ceres Bus Terminal (NCBT) located at Tagbak, Jaro District is the transport hub serving passengers to/from north western municipalities of Iloilo, ] and northwestern Panay (] and ] including ]); Iloilo Central Line ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Pavia Peoples Terminal (PPT) in Ungka, Jaro District is the transport terminal for passengers to/from central municipalities of Iloilo; Aleonsan ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal at Hibao – and in Mandurriao for those to/from the upland municipalities of ], ], and ] (including ]); Iloilo South ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Iloilo South Ceres Bus Terminal (SCBT) located at Mohon in Villa de Arevalo for going to/from the southern municipalities of Iloilo and to/from the province of ]; and Iloilo North Coast ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal at Ticud, Lapaz District for those going to/from the northern coastal municipalities of Iloilo (including ] and ] all part of ]).
	===Cycling===		===Cycling===
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	<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->		<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->
			]).]]
	The city has been hailed and earned its reputation as the ''Bicycling capital of the Philippines'', a yielded effort through the recent modern economic renaissance of Iloilo City by the local and the national government units and different stakeholders by educating the city locals on the importance of a bike-able city and building dedicated bicycle lanes on city main thoroughfares.<ref name="Tour on two wheels: Seeing Iloilo City's historic sights by bike">. Retrieved 26 October 2018.</ref> The metropolis has a network of nearly 100 kilometers of bicycle lanes and the longest of which is located along the stretch of Diversion Road. The annual ''Iloilo Bike Festival'' has drawn bicycling enthusiasts throughout the country.<ref name="In Iloilo, they bike for fun, exercise–and good causes">. Retrieved 26 October 2018.</ref><ref name="How do you build a city that is sweet to its cyclists?">.Retrieved 26 October 2018.</ref> By 2019, Dutch Government helped out iloilo City to become a bike-friendly city<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/10/15/dutch-govt-to-harness-iloilos-bike-friendly-environment|title=Dutch gov't to harness Iloilo's bike-friendly environment|work=Manila Bulletin}}</ref>
			The city has been hailed and earned its reputation as the ''Bicycling capital of the Philippines'', a yielded effort through the recent modern economic renaissance of Iloilo City by the local and the national government units and different stakeholders by educating the city locals on the importance of a bike-able city and building dedicated bicycle lanes on city main thoroughfares.<ref name="Tour on two wheels: Seeing Iloilo City's historic sights by bike"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026104324/https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/road-safety/175306-iloilo-city-biking-tour |date=October 26, 2018 }}. Retrieved October 26, 2018.</ref> The metropolis has a network of nearly 100 kilometers (62 miles) of bicycle lanes and the longest of which is located along the stretch of Diversion Road. The annual ''Iloilo Bike Festival'' has drawn bicycling enthusiasts throughout the country.<ref name="In Iloilo, they bike for fun, exercise–and good causes"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026143101/https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/237171/in-iloilo-they-bike-for-fun-exercise-and-good-causes/ |date=October 26, 2018 }}. Retrieved October 26, 2018.</ref><ref name="How do you build a city that is sweet to its cyclists?">.Retrieved October 26, 2018.</ref> By 2019, Dutch Government helped out Iloilo City to become a bike-friendly city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/10/15/dutch-govt-to-harness-iloilos-bike-friendly-environment|title=Dutch gov't to harness Iloilo's bike-friendly environment|work=Manila Bulletin|access-date=October 15, 2019|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015185213/https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/10/15/dutch-govt-to-harness-iloilos-bike-friendly-environment/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
			Iloilo's exemplary efforts in promoting bicycling culture earned it a citation as the Most Bike-Friendly City in the PhilBike Awards 2018. It also secured the Gold Award in both the 2021 and 2022 National Bike Day - Bike Lane Awards (sponsored by the Department of Transportation (DOTr), Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of Health (DOH), and SM Cares of SM Prime Holdings),<ref name="Iloilo City bags gold in PH bike lane awards: Panay News"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230207/https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-city-bags-gold-in-ph-bike-lane-awards/ |date=August 10, 2023 }}. Retrieved 08-10-2023.</ref><ref name="Bike-friendly Iloilo City wins Galing Pook award"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123102701/https://mb.com.ph/2022/11/23/bike-friendly-iloilo-city-wins-galing-pook-award/ |date=November 23, 2022 }}. Retrieved 08-10-2023.</ref> as well as the Gold Award in the Mobility Awards 2021 (organized by the Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC), MNL Moves, Climate Reality Project-Philippines, 350. Org Pilipinas, and Pinay Bike Commuter),<ref name="Mobility Awards 2021 awardees"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810231433/https://www.mobilityawards.ph/awardees/ |date=August 10, 2023 }}. Retrieved 08-10-2023.</ref> and the Galing Pook Award 2021 through its I-Bike Program.<ref name="Bike-friendly Iloilo City wins Galing Pook award"/> and the Galing Pook Award 2022 through its I-Bike Program.
			In addition to the aforementioned accolades received by the city, institutions, establishments, and workplaces in the metro that received awards include ] (Ranked 7th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Workplaces 2021 Category), ] (Ranked 16th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Workplaces 2021 Category), ] (Ranked 13th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Workplaces 2021 Category), ](Ranked 11th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Large Commercial Establishments 2021 Category), and Robinsons Place Iloilo (Ranked 20th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Large Commercial Establishments 2021 Category)."<ref name="Mobility Awards 2021 awardees"/>
	=== Railway ===		=== Railway ===
	<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->		<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->
			{{Main|Panay Railways}}
			] on display in the City Proper's plaza, ] ''(formerly Plaza Alfonso XII).'']]
			From 1907 to the 1980s, Panay Railways operated a railroad from Roxas City to the port area of ] along the Iloilo River in Iloilo City.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panay Railways |url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/07/28/panay.railways.html |access-date=July 19, 2022 |website=www.thenewstoday.info |archive-date=July 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705134545/http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/07/28/panay.railways.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, Panay Railways announced its opening to foreign ownership to reconstruct its former train lines, which will reconnect the major cities in Panay, including Caticlan in ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guardian |first=Daily |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Panay Railways chief open to foreign ownership to rehab defunct rail system |url=https://dailyguardian.com.ph/panay-railways-chief-open-to-foreign-ownership-to-rehab-defunct-rail-system/ |access-date=July 19, 2022 |website=Daily Guardian |language=en-US |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006030701/https://www.dailyguardian.com.ph/panay-railways-chief-open-to-foreign-ownership-to-rehab-defunct-rail-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	]
	From 1907 to the 1980s, ] operated a railroad from Roxas City to the port area of Muelle Loney along the Iloilo River in Iloilo City.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
	=== Airport ===		=== Airport ===
	<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->		<!-- Please do not revise this article because to make it more informative, various information on Iloilo City's transportation has been added. Its revision is patterned after famous cities article on transportation information on Misplaced Pages.!-->
	]]]
	{{Main|Iloilo International Airport}}		{{Main|Iloilo International Airport}}
			] passenger terminal façade.]]
	Iloilo International Airport is the 4th busiest in the Philippines<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925074909/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20070615-71442/Old_Iloilo_airport_sees_last_of_happy_landings |date=25 September 2012 }}</ref> with international flight to Singapore and Hong Kong and vice versa serving passengers from Western Visayas Region, Palawan and Mindanao.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/philippines-iloilo-airport-readies-intl-flights-061002376.html|title=Philippines' Iloilo airport readies for int'l flights|access-date=29 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110170949/http://ph.news.yahoo.com/philippines-iloilo-airport-readies-intl-flights-061002376.html|archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref> For domestic flights to/from Metro Manila, Caticlan, Cebu, Cuyo, Puerto Princesa, Sipalay, General Santos City, Cagayan de Oro and Davao City, Iloilo International Airport is the airport serving the general area of Metropolitan Iloilo - Guimaras, the province of Antique and the rest of Iloilo Province. It is located {{convert|19|km|0|abbr=off}} northwest of Iloilo City on a {{Convert|188|ha}} site in the town of Cabatuan. It opened to commercial traffic on 14 June 2007, replacing the ] at the Mandurriao District. The new airport inherited its IATA and ICAO airport codes.<ref>{{cite web|author=Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines |title=Philippine Airports Passenger Movement CY 2009 Report |url=http://www.caap.gov.ph/Downloads/adms.pdf |date=1 March 2010 |access-date=26 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601120603/http://www.caap.gov.ph/Downloads/adms.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2010 }}</ref> It is linked to the city through Sen. Benigno S. Aquino Jr. Avenue and served by metered taxis, airport shuttle vans and multicabs.		Iloilo International Airport is the 4th busiest in the Philippines<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925074909/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20070615-71442/Old_Iloilo_airport_sees_last_of_happy_landings |date=September 25, 2012 }}</ref> with international flights to Singapore and Hong Kong and vice versa serving passengers from Western Visayas Region, Palawan and Mindanao.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/philippines-iloilo-airport-readies-intl-flights-061002376.html|title=Philippines' Iloilo airport readies for int'l flights|access-date=October 29, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110170949/http://ph.news.yahoo.com/philippines-iloilo-airport-readies-intl-flights-061002376.html|archive-date=November 10, 2012}}</ref> For domestic flights to/from Metro Manila, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Cebu, Clark, Cuyo, Davao, Dumaguete, General Santos, Legazpi, Puerto Princesa, Sipalay, Tacloban, Tagbilaran, and Zamboanga, Iloilo International Airport is the airport serving the general area of Metropolitan Iloilo''–''Guimaras, the province of Antique and the rest of Iloilo Province. It is located {{convert|19|km|0|abbr=off}} northwest of Iloilo City on a {{Convert|188|ha}} site in the town of Cabatuan. It opened to commercial traffic on June 14, 2007, replacing the ] at the Mandurriao District. The new airport inherited its IATA and ICAO airport codes.<ref>{{cite web|website=Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines |title=Philippine Airports Passenger Movement CY 2009 Report |url=http://www.caap.gov.ph/Downloads/adms.pdf |date=March 1, 2010 |access-date=October 26, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601120603/http://www.caap.gov.ph/Downloads/adms.pdf |archive-date=June 1, 2010 }}</ref> It is linked to the city through ] and served by metered taxis, airport shuttle vans, multicabs, and P2P buses.
	Recently, the national government has approved the ₱791 million budget for the expansion of the Iloilo International Airport.		Recently, the national government has approved the ₱791 million budget for the expansion of the Iloilo International Airport.
Line 920:		Line 1,180:
	=== Seaport ===		=== Seaport ===
	{{main|Port of Iloilo}}		{{main|Port of Iloilo}}
	]		]/Loboc Wharf.]]
	The Port of Iloilo is the port serving the general area of Iloilo and the premier port in the Western Visayas Region. The new Port of Iloilo is located on a site away from the older port facilities. It is situated in the southern coast of Panay Island, in the ]. With Guimaras Island guarding the port from violent storms, it has one of the safest and most natural harbors in the Philippines		The Port of Iloilo is the port serving the general area of Iloilo and the premier port in the Western Visayas Region. The new Port of Iloilo is located on a site away from the older port facilities. It is situated in the southern coast of Panay Island, in ]. With Guimaras Island guarding the port from violent storms, it has one of the safest and most natural harbors in the Philippines
	The Iloilo International Port Complex (IIPC) is located on 20.8 hectares of reclaimed land. It has modern facilities that include 11,400 sq. meters of open space for unhampered operations, supplemented by a backup area of 97,000 sq. meters, a crane, rails of 348 lineal meters; roll-on-roll-off support; a 7,800 container freight stations; and a 720 sq. meter passenger shed. The port complex is ideal for ships plying international routes having a berth length of 400 meters, a width of 26.26 meters and a berthing depth of 10.50 meters. It is currently expanding with the reclamation of the west side sea front portion of the complex		The Iloilo International Port Complex (IIPC) is located on 20.8 hectares of reclaimed land. It has modern facilities that include 11,400 sq. meters of open space for unhampered operations, supplemented by a backup area of 97,000 sq. meters, a crane, rails of 348 lineal meters; roll-on-roll-off support; a 7,800 container freight stations; and a 720 sq. meter passenger shed. The port complex is ideal for ships plying international routes having a berth length of 400 meters, a width of 26.26 meters and a berthing depth of 10.50 meters. It is currently expanding with the reclamation of the west side sea front portion of the complex
	The Iloilo Domestic Port Complex (IDPC), located near ] and formerly the Old Foreign Pier, serves inter-island passenger and cargo ferries which serves the routes Manila, Palawan, Cebu, Zamboanga and ]. It is located near the mouth of Iloilo River at the vicinity of the Western Visayas Regional Government Center at the City Proper District. It is also the port of call for several domestic shipping companies such as ] or 2GO Travel, ], ], Cokaliong Shipping, ] and others. The colloquial name "Fort San Pedro" refers to the old Spanish fortress beside it that was destroyed during World War II and soon to be restored by the Department of Tourism (DOT) under TIEZA.		The Iloilo Domestic Port Complex (IDPC), located near ] and formerly the Old Foreign Pier, serves inter-island passenger and cargo ferries which serves the routes ], ], ], ] and ]. It is located near the mouth of Iloilo River at the vicinity of the Western Visayas Regional Government Center at the City Proper District. It is also the port of call for several domestic shipping companies such as ], ] Shipping, ] and others. The colloquial name "Fort San Pedro" refers to the old Spanish fortress beside it that was destroyed during World War II and soon to be restored by the Department of Tourism (DOT) under TIEZA.
	]]]		].]]
	Muelle Loney or Iloilo River Wharf is the original port of the city. Opened to international trade in 1855, it has served as the trans-shipment docks for muscovado sugar in the late 19th to the first half of the 20th century. It has undergone several times of expansion and improvement. Today, it serves smaller cargo ships, roll-on roll-off ferries bound for Guimaras and ] and fast ferries that ply Iloilo-Bacolod route regularly. In September 2014, the newly opened Iloilo River Port Complex (IRPC) at Lapuz District started its operation to replace the Iloilo River Wharf.<ref>Sun Star Iloilo, 4 September 2014</ref>		] or Iloilo River Wharf is the original port of the city. Opened to international trade in 1855, it has served as the trans-shipment docks for muscovado sugar in the late 19th to the first half of the 20th century. It has undergone several times of expansion and improvement. Today, it serves smaller cargo ships, roll-on roll-off ferries bound for Guimaras and ] and fast ferries that ply Iloilo-Bacolod route regularly. In September 2014, the newly opened Iloilo River Port Complex (IRPC) at Lapuz District started its operation to replace the Iloilo River Wharf.<ref>Sun Star Iloilo, September 4, 2014</ref>
	Iloilo-Guimaras Jetty Ports for Guimaras outrigger ferries are located at Calle Ortiz and Parola. The terminal at Calle ] serves Jordan, Guimaras-bound passenger and cargo outrigger boats, while Parola terminal serve Buenavista, Guimaras-bound ferries. Soon the Iloilo Jetty Port Complex (IJPC) at the Western Visayas Regional Government Center will replace the two jetty ports, the complex is complete with a modern passenger terminal building, a pumpboat fuel refilling station, a {{convert|1.3|ha|1|abbr=out}} children's park with a marine museum and a CityMall complex by Double Drangon Properties. This project of the City Government was achieved through public-private partnership.<ref>{{cite news | last = Pendon | first = Lydia | title = International firms eye Iloilo infra projects |work=SunStar Iloilo | location = Iloilo City, Philippines | date = 24 August 2010 | url = http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/international-firms-eye-iloilo-infra-projects | access-date = 26 October 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100825054817/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/international-firms-eye-iloilo-infra-projects | archive-date = 25 August 2010 }}</ref>		Iloilo-Guimaras Jetty Ports for Guimaras outrigger ferries are located at Calle Ortiz and Parola. The terminal at Calle ] serves Jordan, Guimaras-bound passenger and cargo outrigger boats, while Parola terminal serve Buenavista, Guimaras-bound ferries. Soon the Iloilo Jetty Port Complex (IJPC) at the Western Visayas Regional Government Center will replace the two jetty ports, the complex is complete with a modern passenger terminal building, a pumpboat fuel refilling station, a {{convert|1.3|ha|1|abbr=out}} children's park with a marine museum and a CityMall complex by Double Drangon Properties. This project of the City Government was achieved through public-private partnership.<ref>{{cite news | last = Pendon | first = Lydia | title = International firms eye Iloilo infra projects |work=SunStar Iloilo | location = Iloilo City, Philippines | date = August 24, 2010 | url = http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/international-firms-eye-iloilo-infra-projects | access-date = October 26, 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100825054817/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/international-firms-eye-iloilo-infra-projects | archive-date = August 25, 2010 }}</ref>
	Roll-on/roll-off ferry service, known in as RO-RO, is available from to Iloilo City. There is also a ro-ro service to Cebu via Negros. It is ranked third in terms of ship calls at 11,853, fourth in cargo throughout at 491,719 million metric tons and fourth in passenger traffic at 2.4 million annually.		Roll-on/roll-off ferry service, known in as RO-RO, is available from to Iloilo City. There is also a ro-ro service to Cebu via Negros. It is ranked third in terms of ship calls at 11,853, fourth in cargo throughout at 491,719 million metric tons and fourth in passenger traffic at 2.4 million annually.
	The Iloilo Fish Port Complex (IFPC) is the only and the major center of fish trading and marine products processing in all of Visayas. The port complex is the traditional landing site of bagnetters and other fishing bancas in Iloilo City and nearby towns. This strategic location has made the port the major fish/marine source of major supermarkets, hotels and restaurants and local public markets in the country and abroad.		The ] (IFPC) is the only and the major center of fish trading and marine products processing in all of Visayas. The port complex is the traditional landing site of bagnetters and other fishing bancas in Iloilo City and nearby towns. This strategic location has made the port the major fish/marine source of major supermarkets, hotels and restaurants and local public markets in the country and abroad.
	Its services includes, unloading and marketing facilities for fish and other fishery/aquatic products both for local and foreign markets; services and facilities for harbor operations such drydocking/repair shop, fuel, oil, water and ice conveyance and for transshipping products; processing, refrigeration and other post-harvest services including product pre-processing, freezing through contact freezer, cold storages and top-grade facilities for the processing of marine products such as prawn, abalone, cuttlefish, lobster, nylon shell, octopus, slippertail, squid, whiting and bangus; and raw land for the establishment of fishery-related factories.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}		Its services includes, unloading and marketing facilities for fish and other fishery/aquatic products both for local and foreign markets; services and facilities for harbor operations such drydocking/repair shop, fuel, oil, water and ice conveyance and for transshipping products; processing, refrigeration and other post-harvest services including product pre-processing, freezing through contact freezer, cold storages and top-grade facilities for the processing of marine products such as prawn, abalone, cuttlefish, lobster, nylon shell, octopus, slippertail, squid, whiting and bangus; and raw land for the establishment of fishery-related factories.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iloilo Fish Port Complex |url=https://pfda.gov.ph/transparency/about-us/fish-ports/iloilo-fish-port-complex |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=pfda.gov.ph |archive-date=August 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805084948/https://pfda.gov.ph/transparency/about-us/fish-ports/iloilo-fish-port-complex |url-status=live }}</ref>
	The complex is situated in a 21-hectare reclamation at southern part of the City Proper District. Recently,{{when|date=December 2020}} the fish port complex was granted ₱570 million for the expansion of its facilities which will include the construction of a new fish processing plant, establishment of a fish canning facility and the construction of an alternative energy source.<ref>Sun Star Daily 19 March 2014</ref><ref>PFDA</ref>		The complex is situated in a 21-hectare reclamation at southern part of the City Proper District. In March 2022, the fish port complex was granted ₱570 million for the expansion of its facilities which will include the construction of a new fish processing plant, establishment of a fish canning facility and the construction of an alternative energy source.<ref>Sun Star Daily March 19, 2014</ref><ref>PFDA</ref>
			== Utilities ==
	== Power, energy and water utilities ==
	]		]
	A 72 MW Diesel Fuel Power Plant operated by Panay Power Corporation and a 164 MW coal power plant operated by Panay Energy Development Corporation (PEDC) provides power generation for Iloilo City, both situated in Barangay Ingore in Lapaz district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gbpc.com.ph/content/pedc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517121017/http://www.gbpc.com.ph/content/pedc.html|url-status=dead|title=Panay Energy Development Corporation<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/16649-mix-of-coal-and-diesel-still-cheapest-for-iloilo-electricity|title=Mix of coal and diesel still cheapest for Iloilo electricity|first=Tara|last=Yap|access-date=29 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030075837/http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/16649-mix-of-coal-and-diesel-still-cheapest-for-iloilo-electricity|archive-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> PEDC plans for a third coal-fired power generation facility. The newest generator will be on top of the existing 164-MWs for an additional 150-megawatt to be generated that will help produce a total of 404 MW supply for the Panay and Guimaras islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=&nid=2&rid=518006 |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517154732/http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=&nid=2&rid=518006 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>		A 72 MW Diesel Fuel Power Plant operated by Panay Power Corporation and a 164 MW coal power plant operated by Panay Energy Development Corporation (PEDC) provides power generation for Iloilo City, both situated in Barangay Ingore in Lapaz district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gbpc.com.ph/content/pedc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517121017/http://www.gbpc.com.ph/content/pedc.html|url-status=dead|title=Panay Energy Development Corporation<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=May 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/16649-mix-of-coal-and-diesel-still-cheapest-for-iloilo-electricity|title=Mix of coal and diesel still cheapest for Iloilo electricity|first=Tara|last=Yap|access-date=October 29, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030075837/http://thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/16649-mix-of-coal-and-diesel-still-cheapest-for-iloilo-electricity|archive-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref> PEDC plans for a third coal-fired power generation facility. The newest generator will be on top of the existing 164-MWs for an additional 150-megawatt to be generated that will help produce a total of 404 MW supply for the Panay and Guimaras islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=&nid=2&rid=518006 |title=PEDC plans for a third coal-fired power generation facility|website=Philippine News Agency |access-date=April 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517154732/http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=&nid=2&rid=518006 |archive-date=May 17, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	Power distribution had been facilitated by Panay Electric Company (PECO) since 1923 as one of the oldest private electricity distributor companies in the Philippines, but MORE Electric and Power Corporation (Monte Oro) of the ] Billionaire ], has taken over PECO's operations and acts as the sole power distributor in Iloilo City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fphc.com/MajorInvestments.php?ArticleID=37|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510002331/http://www.fphc.com/MajorInvestments.php?ArticleID=37|url-status=dead|title=First Philippine Holdings Corporation<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref>		Power distribution had been facilitated by ] (PECO) since 1923 as one of the oldest private electricity distributor companies in the Philippines, but ] (MORE Power) of the ] Billionaire ], has taken over PECO's operations and acts as the sole power distributor in Iloilo City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fphc.com/MajorInvestments.php?ArticleID=37|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510002331/http://www.fphc.com/MajorInvestments.php?ArticleID=37|url-status=dead|title=First Philippine Holdings Corporation<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=May 10, 2013}}</ref>
	Metro Iloilo Water District (MIWD), the metropolis's sole water distributor, has established a joint venture with Metro Pacific Water forming Metro Iloilo Water, to bolster the former's service of supplying potable water to the city and the whole Metro Iloilo.<ref>. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</ref><ref>. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</ref><ref>. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</ref><ref>. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</ref><ref name="MPIC-led firm takes over Iloilo water distribution">. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</ref>		Metro Pacific Iloilo Water (MPIW), the metropolis' sole water distributor, has established a joint venture with Metro Pacific Water (MPW) and Metro Iloilo Water District (MIWD), to bolster the former's service of supplying potable water to the city and the whole Metro Iloilo.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303080328/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1073760 |date=March 3, 2022 }}. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022134926/https://metropacificwater.com/metro-pacific-iloilo-water/ |date=October 22, 2021 }}. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302221201/https://dailyguardian.com.ph/metro-pacific-iloilo-water-miwd-provide-more-covid-19-relief-assistance-to-iloilo-city/?amp |date=March 2, 2022 }}. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508190419/https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/04/14/public-square/metro-pacific-water-miwd-donate-covid-19-test-kits-supplies-and-water-for-iloilo/713661/amp/ |date=May 8, 2020 }}. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref><ref name="MPIC-led firm takes over Iloilo water distribution"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624035007/https://www.bworldonline.com/mpic-led-firm-takes-over-iloilo-water-distribution/ |date=June 24, 2021 }}. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>
	== Education ==		== Education ==
	{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2020}}
	{{Main|List of colleges and universities in the Philippines|Education in the Philippines}}		{{Main|List of universities and colleges in Iloilo|List of colleges and universities in the Philippines|Education in the Philippines}}
	Being the center of education in Western Visayas Region, the city and the province of Iloilo has a total of ten major universities.		Being the center of education in Western Visayas Region, the city and the province of Iloilo has a total of ten major universities.
	] which was founded as legacy institution of the ] titan, ], is the first Baptist and second American founded university in the Philippines and in Asia. CPU has been ranked as one of the top universities in Asia and in the world for 2021 by ], one of the big two world university ranking agencies along with ], the first to do so in Western Visayas region.<ref name="QS Asian Rankings 2021 - Central Philippine University"/> ''(Aerial view above is the main campus of CPU)'']]		], which was founded through the benevolent grant of the ] titan ], is the first Baptist and second American-founded university in the Philippines and in Asia. CPU has been ranked as one of the top universities in Asia and the world by ] and ], the two most influential global university ranking institutions.<ref name="QS Asian Rankings 2021 – Central Philippine University"/>]]
	Iloilo City alone hosts to 8 universities such as the ] (CPU), ] (UPV), which houses the ] (UPHSI), ] (USA), ] (WVSU), ] (ISAT-U),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010595.pdf |title=Data |website=www.senate.gov.ph |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref> ] (UI), ] (SPUI), and ] (JBLFMU).		Iloilo City alone hosts to 8 universities such as the ] (CPU), ] (UPV), which houses the ] (UPHSI), ] (USAI), ] (WVSU), ] (ISAT-U),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010595.pdf |title=Data |website=www.senate.gov.ph |access-date=October 15, 2019 |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060911/http://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010595.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ] (UI), ] (SPUI), and ] (JBLFMU).
	Three of the universities which are private in the city are founded by Christian religious orders and sects. ] established the University of San Agustin (]), St. Paul University Iloilo (American through their French confreres) and the Protestants who founded the Central Philippine University (American Baptist).		Three of the universities which are private in the city are founded by Christian religious orders and sects. ] established the University of San Agustin (]), St. Paul University Iloilo (American through their French confreres) and the Protestants who founded the Central Philippine University (American Baptist).
			] – Iloilo City campus's main hall.]]
			* ''']''' – formally founded in 1905, it dates back its establishment to 1901 when the ], its university hospital, was opened by ] ] Americans. The university was established under the auspices of the ] through a grant given by the American industrialist and philanthropist ]. It is the first Baptist and the second American university in the Philippines and Asia (after ] in Dumaguete).
	] - Iloilo City campus's main hall.]]
			] is the ''First School of Nursing in the Philippines''.]]
	* '''Central Philippine University''' – The first and only Western Visayan university on the list of the top universities in Asia and the world for 2021 by ], one of the two biggest world university ranking agencies after Times Higher Education,<ref name="QS Asian Rankings 2021 - Central Philippine University">. Retrieved 27 November 2020.</ref><ref name="14 Philippine universities among world’s best in QS 2021 ranking">. Retrieved 27 November 2020.</ref> is the largest university in the metropolis with a population of nearly 14,000 enrollees on its 24-hectare main campus in Jaro, Iloilo City. Formally founded in 1905 (but dates back its establishment in 1901 when CPU–Iloilo Mission Hospital, its university hospital, was opened by Presbyterian Protestant Americans) under the auspices of the ] through a grant given by the American industrialist and philanthropist, John D. Rockefeller, when the Americans brought their Protestant faith prior and after the Spanish–American War and the Treaty of Paris (1898) which ceded the bureaucracy of Philippines from Spain to the United States. The university is the first Baptist and Second American university in the Philippines and Asia (after ] (1901) in Dumaguete City). The university ranks number one in ] region with 2 Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Centers of Excellence designated programs in Agriculture and Business Administration and 4 ] Centers of Development designated programs in Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering, & Teacher Education.<ref name="CPU Enrollment increases 1.97%, College of Business and Accountancy up by 204 enrollees"> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130416064414/http://thecentralecho.journ.ph/2012/09/17/enrollment-increases-1-97-cba-up-by-204-enrollees/ |date=16 April 2013 }}. Retrieved 01/16/13.</ref><ref name="University rankings: Find out how your school does (by Philstar)"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703185502/http://www.philstar.com/campus/2014/05/26/1327524/university-rankings-find-out-how-your-school-does |date=3 July 2017 }}. Retrieved 27 September 2015</ref><ref>. Retrieved 5 January 2015.</ref><ref name="Commission on Higher Education Business and Administration and Related">. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</ref>
			The university holds the top rank in the Western Visayas region with 2 Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Centers of Excellence designated programs in Agriculture and Business Administration, and 4 Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Centers of Development designated programs in Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering, and Teacher Education.<ref name="CPU Enrollment increases 1.97%, College of Business and Accountancy up by 204 enrollees"> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130416064414/http://thecentralecho.journ.ph/2012/09/17/enrollment-increases-1-97-cba-up-by-204-enrollees/ |date=April 16, 2013 }}. Retrieved 01/16/13.</ref>
	] which was founded as ] (]) in 1906 is the ''First School of Nursing in the Philippines''.]]
			Central Philippine University has consistently been included in the Top Universities in Asia Rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds from 2021 to 2023, as well as in the 2023 Impact Rankings by Times Higher Education.<ref name="University rankings: Find out how your school does (by Philstar)"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703185502/http://www.philstar.com/campus/2014/05/26/1327524/university-rankings-find-out-how-your-school-does |date=July 3, 2017 }}. Retrieved September 27, 2015</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022218/http://www.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Region-6.pdf |date=March 5, 2016 }}. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</ref><ref name="Commission on Higher Education Business and Administration and Related">. Retrieved September 27, 2015. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022143/http://www.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/BUSINESS-ADMINISTRATION-AND-RELATED1.pdf |date=March 5, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Ateneo leads PH schools in Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2023">. Retrieved 06-06-2023.</ref><ref name="QS Asian Rankings 2021 – Central Philippine University"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206205318/https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/central-philippine-university |date=December 6, 2020 }}. Retrieved November 27, 2020.</ref><ref name="14 Philippine universities among world's best in QS 2021 ranking"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126034022/https://www.untvweb.com/news/14-philippine-universities-among-worlds-best-in-qs-2021-ranking/ |date=November 26, 2020 }}. Retrieved November 27, 2020.</ref>
	Central Philippine University holds ''many firsts'' in the ] in some of the units that it established – the CPU Philippine Center for Packaging Engineering and Technology (CPU PC-PET) (first of its kind in South East Asia); Central Philippine University College of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences (first government recognized agricultural school outside Luzon); Central Philippine University Republic (CPU Republic) (first and oldest organized student government in South East Asia); CPU TV Channel (first university-based TV Channel in Asia); ] (first Baptist theological seminary in the Philippines); and Iloilo Mission Hospital (the university hospital of the university) (first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines).
			The ], founded as the Union Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses (]) in 1906, is the First School of Nursing in the Philippines.
	The university enrolls and is widely known to foreign students who wants to study in Panay and Western Visayas with 122 foreign students studying from 15 countries in the world.<ref name="CPU Celebrates International Day">. Retrieved 15 November 2018.</ref> The university is associated and has produced people who became notable in their respective fields - Rodolfo Ganzon (Senator and first popularly elected Mayor of Iloilo City), ] (Senator), ] (Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines), ] Ramon Muzones (for Literature) and ] (for Dance), ] (Secretary of Education of the Philippines under President Duterte's administration), Gilopez Kabayao (Musician and ] laureate (Asian Nobel Prize), and ] (The first Filipino recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award and also first recipient of the award for Government Service category for his work as the "Father of the Community School Movement"), among others.
			Central Philippine University pioneered in various fields by establishing the CPU Philippine Center for Packaging Engineering and Technology (CPU PC-PET), the first of its kind in Southeast Asia; the ], the first government-recognized agricultural school outside Luzon; the ] (CPU Republic), the first and oldest organized student government in Southeast Asia; the CPU TV Channel, the first university-based TV Channel in Asia; the ], the first Baptist theological seminary in the Philippines; and the ], the first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines.
	* '''University of San Agustin''' – founded in 1904 by the oldest Roman Catholic religious who came to the Philippines – The Order of St. Augustin, is the ''First Augustinian University in Asia and the Pacific''. It received its university status in March 1953 which also holds the distinction as the ''First university in Western Visayas''.
	* '''St. Paul University Iloilo''' – Founded in the 1940s as a subject to the propagation of Catholicism in the American regime in the Philippines supported the spread of Protestant religion with the help of the American Catholics by their French confreres under the order of St. Paul or Chartres. St. Paul Hospital of Iloilo, the university hospital of the university which was founded in 1911 predates the university's founding.
			The university boasts notable alumni, including Rodolfo Ganzon (Senator and the first popularly elected Mayor of Iloilo City), ] (Senator), ] (Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines), National Artists ] (for Literature) and ] (for Dance), ] (Secretary of Education of the Philippines under President Duterte's administration), Gilopez Kabayao (Musician and Ramon Magsaysay Award laureate, often referred to as the 'Asian Nobel Prize'), and ] (The first Filipino recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award, also the first recipient of the award in the Government Service category for his work as the 'Father of the Community School Movement')."
			], the ''first Augustinian university in Asia and the Pacific'', and the ''first university in the Western Visayas.'']]
			* ''']''' – founded in 1904 by the oldest Roman Catholic religious who came to the Philippines – The Order of St. Augustin, is the ''First Augustinian University in Asia and the Pacific''. It received its university status in March 1953 which also holds the distinction as the ''First university in Western Visayas''.
			* ''']''' – Founded in 1946 as a subject to the propagation of ] in the American regime in the Philippines supported the spread of Protestant religion with the help of the American Catholics by their French confreres under the ] (SPC) from France. St. Paul Hospital of Iloilo, the ] of the university which was founded in 1911 predates the university's founding. It is one of the seven campuses comprising the ].
	The city universities of University of the Philippines Visayas – Iloilo City College Campus, West Visayas State University and ] are all controlled and subsidized by the government or as state universities.		The city universities of University of the Philippines Visayas – Iloilo City College Campus, West Visayas State University and ] are all controlled and subsidized by the government or as state universities.
	* '''University of the Philippines Visayas''' – composes as one the autonomous units of the ] with its main campus in Miag-ao, Iloilo. The Iloilo City satellite campus is focused in Business, Accountancy and social sciences academic courses. The main hall of in the university's main campus used to be the old Iloilo City Hall and houses now the UPV Art Gallery. ] has been designated by the ] as Center of Excellence in Chemistry.		* ''']''' – is one of the autonomous units of the ] with its main campus in Miag-ao, Iloilo. The Iloilo City satellite campus is focused in Business, Accountancy and social sciences academic courses. The main hall of in the university's main campus used to be the old Iloilo City Hall and houses now the UPV Art Gallery. ] has been designated by the ] as Center of Excellence in Chemistry.
	The university's alumni have excelled and became notable in their fields which include – ]; ], Senator and first Asian to be nominated for a seat in the ]; ], celebrity and TV host; and Jed Patrick Mabilog, World Mayor Award – Top 5 best Mayor.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}		The university's alumni have excelled and became notable in their fields which include – ]; ], Senator and first Asian to be nominated for a seat in the ]; ], celebrity and TV host; and ], 2014 World Mayor Award – Top 5 best Mayor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-04 |title=Mabilog is Top 5 in 2014 World Mayor awards |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/391221/mabilog-is-top-5-in-2014-world-mayor-awards |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=SUNSTAR |language=English |archive-date=August 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805081329/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/391221/mabilog-is-top-5-in-2014-world-mayor-awards |url-status=live }}</ref>
	* '''West Visayas State University''' – formally established under the tutelage of the Thomasites in 1924 but dates back its founding in 1902 through the Philippine Normal School system during the American regime. The campus in Iloilo City is the main campus that encompasses the university system. West excels in Nursing, Medicine and Teacher Education annual licensure examinations through the topnotchers that it produces and being on the list of top performing school. The main campus has been declared as Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Center of Excellence in Teacher Education and Center of Development in Nursing.		] Quezon Hall, the main building of the university.]]
			* ''']''' – formally established under the tutelage of the Thomasites in 1924 but dates back its founding in 1902 through the ] system during the American regime. The campus in Iloilo City is the main campus that encompasses the university system. West excels in Nursing, Medicine and Teacher Education annual licensure examinations through the topnotchers that it produces and being on the list of top performing school. The main campus has been declared as Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Center of Excellence in Teacher Education and Center of Development in Nursing.
	* '''Iloilo Science and Technology University''' – founded in 1905 as Iloilo School of Arts and Trade by the Americans to continue the School of Arts and Trade that was built during the Spanish colonial era that was closed is focused in technological and technical courses. Its Education academic program has been designated by the Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) as Center of Development in Teacher Education.		* ''']''' – founded in 1905 as Iloilo School of Arts and Trade by the Americans to continue the School of Arts and Trade that was built during the Spanish colonial era that was closed is focused in technological and technical courses. Its Education academic program has been designated by the Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) as Center of Development in Teacher Education.
	Other private universities in the city include:		Other private universities in the city include:
	* '''University of Iloilo''' – founded as a legacy institution of ], it was purchased and is now under the management of PHINMA Group under its arm PHINMA Education Network.		* ''']''' – founded as a legacy institution of ], it was purchased and is now under the management of PHINMA Group under its arm PHINMA Education Network.
	* '''John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University''' – the first maritime university in the Philippines founded by Juan Bautista Lacson, offers academic maritime courses.		* ''']''' – the first maritime university in the Philippines founded by ], offers academic maritime courses.
			* '''''] Iloilo''''' – a new campus of ] currently under construction next to ] in Mandurriao.
	The ''']''' under the ] has a satellite campus in Iloilo City housed at the ] Main Campus. The Ateneo Graduate School of Business - Iloilo offers Master of Business Administration (MBA) - Regis program. It is an initial part of the Ateneo educational system's plan in offering collegiate courses to make Ateneo de Iloilo a full university in the future.		The ''']''' under the ] has a satellite campus in Iloilo City housed at the ] Main Campus. The Ateneo Graduate School of Business – Iloilo offers Master of Business Administration (MBA) – Regis program. It is an initial part of the Ateneo educational system's plan in offering collegiate courses to make Ateneo de Iloilo a full university in the future.
	Other universities that maintain units offering off-campus extension programs in Iloilo City include the ''']''' (through partnership with St. Roberts International Academy) and ''']'''.		Other universities that maintain units offering off-campus extension programs in Iloilo City include the ''']''' (through a partnership with St. Roberts International College) and ''']'''.
	The '''Iloilo City Community College''' (ICCC), a city project for the city to have its own community-city public college, is administered by the Iloilo City Government through the Commission on Higher Education. It offers undergraduate degrees in business, information technology and travel management.		The '''Iloilo City Community College''' (ICCC), a city project for the city to have its own community-city public college, is administered by the Iloilo City Government through the Commission on Higher Education. It offers undergraduate degrees in business, information technology and travel management.
	Iloilo is also home to numerous private colleges and schools such as the ] (IDC), one PAREF-affiliated high school, the ], ] (ST-MTCC), ] (WIT), De Paul College (DPC) ''(defunct)'', ], ], Computer College of the Visayas, Dominican College of Iloilo, Great Saviour College, ] – Iloilo Campus, ] – Iloilo, Interface Computer College – Iloilo, IMAPF – School of Midwifery, Philippine College of Aeronautics, Science and Technology, ], ABBA Institute of Technology, ], ], ], ], St. Anne College of Iloilo, ] – Iloilo, ] (run by the Congregation of the ]).		Iloilo is also home to numerous private colleges and schools such as the ] (IDC), one PAREF-affiliated high school, the Westbridge School for Boys, ] (ST-MTCC), ] (WIT), De Paul College (DPC) ''(defunct)'', ], ], Computer College of the Visayas, Dominican College of Iloilo, Great Saviour College, ] – Iloilo Campus, ] – Iloilo, Interface Computer College – Iloilo, IMAPF – School of Midwifery, Philippine College of Aeronautics, Science and Technology, ], ABBA Institute of Technology, ], ], ], ], St. Anne College of Iloilo, ] – Iloilo, ] (run by the Congregation of the ]).
	Others include ] (run by the ]), ] (run by the ]), ], ] (or simply Hijas de Jesus which is run by the Congregation of the Daughters of Jesus), San Jose Catholic School (which is run by the Order of St. Agustin), ] (CSJ) and ] (CSCJ) which are both run by the Congregation of the ], and Asian College of Aeronautics. Colegio de San Jose is the oldest school for girls in Western Visayas which is now 141 years old. Iloilo is also home to numerous religious formation houses, ] for Theologate studies, the 148-year-old St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary for Collegiate studies and ] of the Mill Hill Missionaries. In June 2012, the city government opened the Iloilo City Community College at Molo, Iloilo City.		Others include ] (run by the ]), ] (run by the ]), ], ] (or simply Hijas de Jesus which is run by the Congregation of the Daughters of Jesus), San Jose Catholic School (which is run by the Order of St. Agustin), ] (CSJ) and ] (CSCJ) which are both run by the Congregation of the ], and Asian College of Aeronautics. Colegio de San Jose is the oldest school for girls in Western Visayas which is now 141 years old. Iloilo is also home to numerous religious formation houses, St. Joseph Regional Seminary for Theologate studies, the 148-year-old St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary for Collegiate studies and Mill Hill Formation House of the Mill Hill Missionaries. In June 2012, the city government opened the Iloilo City Community College at Molo, Iloilo City.
	The Department of Education – Division of Iloilo City covers 88 private schools<ref>{{cite web | author = Philippine Department of Education | title = Masterlist of Private Schools Schools in Region VI, SY 2007–2008 | url = http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/R06_2007-08%20Masterlist.xls | access-date = 3 November 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323002231/http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/R06_2007-08%20Masterlist.xls | archive-date = 23 March 2012 }}</ref> and 52 public schools.<ref>{{cite web | author = Philippine Department of Education | title = Masterlist of Public Schools Schools in Region VI, SY 2007–2008 | url = http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/RO_6PES0708.xls | access-date = 3 November 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323002305/http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/RO_6PES0708.xls | archive-date = 23 March 2012 }}</ref>		The Department of Education – Division of Iloilo City covers 88 private schools<ref>{{cite web | author = Philippine Department of Education | title = Masterlist of Private Schools Schools in Region VI, SY 2007–2008 | url = http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/R06_2007-08%20Masterlist.xls | access-date = November 3, 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323002231/http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/R06_2007-08%20Masterlist.xls | archive-date = March 23, 2012 }}</ref> and 52 public schools.<ref>{{cite web | author = Philippine Department of Education | title = Masterlist of Public Schools Schools in Region VI, SY 2007–2008 | url = http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/RO_6PES0708.xls | access-date = November 3, 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323002305/http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/RO_6PES0708.xls | archive-date = March 23, 2012 }}</ref>
	== Notable people ==		== Notable people ==
Line 1,003:		Line 1,273:
	==Sister cities==		==Sister cities==
			Iloilo City is twinned with:<ref name="PanayNews">{{cite news |last1=Tayona |first1=Glenda |last2=Silubrico |first2=Ruby |title=Iloilo to showcase culture to 'sister cities' tonight|url=https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-to-showcase-culture-to-sister-cities-tonight/ |access-date=April 9, 2019 |work=Panay News |date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409192355/https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-to-showcase-culture-to-sister-cities-tonight/|archive-date=April 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-16 |title=Stronger sister-cities linkage to create more opportunities for Iloilo City |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/2024/02/16/stronger-sister-cities-linkage-to-create-more-opportunities-for-iloilo-city |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=PIA |archive-date=March 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317074134/https://pia.gov.ph/news/2024/02/16/stronger-sister-cities-linkage-to-create-more-opportunities-for-iloilo-city |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Guardian |first=Daily |date=2024-03-05 |title=Iloilo City solidifies partnership with South Korean district |url=https://dailyguardian.com.ph/iloilo-city-solidifies-partnership-with-south-korean-district/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Daily Guardian |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317074134/https://dailyguardian.com.ph/iloilo-city-solidifies-partnership-with-south-korean-district/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	;Local
	* Bacolod<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities">{{cite news |last1=Tayona |first1=Glenda |last2=Silubrico |first2=Ruby |title=Iloilo to showcase culture to 'sister cities' tonight |url=https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-to-showcase-culture-to-sister-cities-tonight/ |access-date=9 April 2019 |work=Panay News |date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409192355/https://www.panaynews.net/iloilo-to-showcase-culture-to-sister-cities-tonight/ |archive-date=9 April 2019}}</ref>
	* ]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities" />
	* ]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities" />
	* ]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities" />
	* ]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities" />
	* ], since 12 October 1994<ref name="QuezonCityGovPH-SisterCities">{{cite web |title=Sister Cities |url=http://quezoncity.gov.ph/index.php/quezon-city-business-district/350-sister-cities |website=The Local Government of Quezon City |access-date=9 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001010801/http://quezoncity.gov.ph/index.php/quezon-city-business-district/350-sister-cities |archive-date=1 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=QuezonCityGov>{{cite web |title=Quezon City, Philippines & Maui, Hawaii |url=http://sistercities.org/interactive-map/relationship/Quezon%20City%2c%20Philippines/Maui%2c%20Hawaii |publisher=Sister Cities International |location=Washington, DC |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610131012/http://sistercities.org/interactive-map/relationship/Quezon%20City%2c%20Philippines/Maui%2c%20Hawaii |archive-date=10 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	* ]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities" />
	* ]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities" />
	* ]<ref name="PanayNews-SisterCities" />
	;International		=== International ===
			{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
	*{{flagicon|PRC}} ], China, since 2003<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities |url=http://www.china.org.cn/travel/qingdao/node_7098052.htm |publisher=China.org.cn |access-date=4 February 2015}}</ref>
			*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States, 1956
	*{{flagicon|PRC}} ], China, since 2011<ref>{{cite news |work=SunStar|last1=Pendon |first1=Lydia C. |title=Iloilo inks sisterhood pact with Yulin, China |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/local-news/2011/10/26/iloilo-inks-sisterhood-pact-yulin-china-187211 |publisher=] Publishing Inc. |location=Iloilo, Philippines |date=26 October 2011 |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204155331/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/local-news/2011/10/26/iloilo-inks-sisterhood-pact-yulin-china-187211 |archive-date=4 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			*{{flagicon|GUM}} ], Guam, 1994
	*{{flagicon|GUM}} ], Guam<ref>{{cite news |title=10/05/2012: Iloilo Mayors Sign Sister-city Agreements With Guam Villages |url=http://www.philippinesguam.org/news/2552/568/ILOILO-MAYORS-SIGN-SISTER-CITY-AGREEMENTS-WITH-GUAM-VILLAGES/d,phildet/ |publisher=Philippine Consulate General in Agana, Guam |date=2012 |access-date=4 February 2015}}</ref>
	*{{flagicon|MAS}} ], Malaysia, since 2013		*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], China, 2000
			*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], China, 2004
	*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States<ref>{{cite web |title=Iloilo, Philippines & Stockton, California |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/relationship/Iloilo,%20Philippines/Stockton,%20California |publisher=Sister Cities International |location=Washington, DC |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204162011/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/relationship/Iloilo,%20Philippines/Stockton,%20California |archive-date=4 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	*{{flagicon|Cambodia}} ], Cambodia		*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], China, 2010
			*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], China, 2012
			*{{flagicon|GUM}} ], Guam, 2012
			*{{flagicon|IDN}} ], Indonesia, 2016
			*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], China, 2020
			*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], China, 2021
			*{{flagicon|KOR}} ], South Korea, 2024
			{{div col end}}
			=== Domestic ===
			{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
			*], South Cotabato, 1980
			*], 1980
			*], Metro Manila, 1994
			*], Cebu, 2007
			*], Negros Occidental, 2010
			*], Batangas, 2011
			*], Metro Manila, 2013
			*], Sultan Kudarat, 2014
			*], South Cotabato, 2014
			{{div col end}}
			===Friendship cities===
			Iloilo City also has friendly relations with:<ref name="PanayNews"/>
			{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
			*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States, 1980
			*{{flagicon|KOR}} ], South Korea, 1995
			*{{flagicon|AUS}} ], Australia, 2000
			*{{flagicon|KOR}} ], South Korea, 2003
			*{{flagicon|TWN}} ], Taiwan, 2004
			*{{flagicon|ESP}} ], Spain, 2007
			*{{flagicon|TWN}} ], Taiwan, 2007
			*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States, 2011
			*], Metro Manila<ref>{{cite web|title=Iloilo City invites sister cities for Charter Day anniversary|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039841|date=June 29, 2018|access-date=May 22, 2022|website=pna.gov.ph|archive-date=May 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522120257/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039841|url-status=live}}</ref>
			*], Palawan
			*], Metro Manila
			*], Davao del Norte
			{{div col end}}
			== See also ==
			{{Portal|Philippines}}
			* ]
			* ]
			*]
			* ]
	==Notes==		==Notes==
Line 1,029:		Line 1,336:
	== External links ==		== External links ==
	{{Portal|Philippines}}
	{{Commons category}}		{{Commons category}}
	{{Wikivoyage}}		{{Wikivoyage}}
	*
			* {{official website}}
	*
			* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113102350/http://www.iloilo.net.ph/ |date=January 13, 2018 }}
	*
	*		*
			{{S-start}}
			{{Succession box
			| title = ] of the ]
			| years = 1569–1571
			| before = ]
			| after = ]
			}}
			{{s-bef
			| before = ]
			}}
			{{S-ttl
			| title = ] of the ]
			| years = 1898–1899
			}}
			{{s-non
			| reason = ]
			}}
			{{S-end}}
	{{Geographic location		{{Geographic location
Line 1,042:		Line 1,367:
	| Northwest = ]		| Northwest = ]
	| Northeast = ]		| Northeast = ]
	| East = ''Iloilo Strait'' / ]		| East = '']'' / ]
	| South = ''Iloilo Strait''<br />]		| South = '']''<br />]
	| Southwest = '']''		| Southwest = '']''
	| West = ]		| West = ]
	}}		}}
	{{Navboxes		{{Iloilo City}}{{Navboxes
	| title = Articles related to Iloilo City		| title = Articles related to Iloilo City
	| list =		| list =
	{{Iloilo City}}
	{{Metro Iloilo-Guimaras}}		{{Metro Iloilo-Guimaras}}
	{{Iloilo}}		{{Iloilo}}
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	]		]
			]
			]
	]		]
	]		]
			]
			]
	]		]
	]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]

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Latest revision as of 22:04, 31 December 2024

Highly-urbanized city and capital of Iloilo, Philippines

Highly urbanized city in Western Visayas, Philippines

Iloilo City
Highly urbanized city
Iloilo Business Park skylineCalle Real Heritage ZoneMolo ChurchJaro Metropolitan CathedralMolo MansionCamiña Balay Nga BatoLopez Heritage HouseIloilo River and the Esplanade
FlagSealLogo
Nickname(s): City of Love and others
Motto(s): La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad de Iloílo (transl. The Most Loyal and Noble City of Iloilo)
Map of Western Visayas particularly Iloilo with Iloilo City highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Iloilo CityLocation within the Philippines
Coordinates: 10°43′N 122°34′E / 10.72°N 122.57°E / 10.72; 122.57
Country	Philippines
Region	Western Visayas
Province	Iloilo (geographically only)
District	Lone district
Founded	1566 (Spanish settlement)
Cityhood	October 5, 1889
Reincorporated	July 16, 1937
Highly urbanized city	December 22, 1979
Barangays	180 (see Barangays and districts)
City geographical districts	List Arevalo City Proper Jaro La Paz Lapuz Mandurriao Molo
Government
• Type	Sangguniang Panlungsod
• Mayor	Jerry P. Treñas (NUP)
• Vice Mayor	Jeffrey P. Ganzon (PFP)
• City Representative	Julienne L. Baronda (Lakas-CMD)
• City Council	Members Sedfrey L. Cabaluna Jose Maria Miguel S. Treñas Alan A. Zaldivar Frances Grace V. Parcon-Torres Urminico M. Baronda Jr. Rudolph Jeffrey O. Ganzon Rex Marcus B. Sarabia Candice Magdalane A. Tupas Johnny Y. Young Romel D. Duron Ely A. Estante Jr. Plaridel C. Nava
• Electorate	330,470 voters (2022)
Area
• City	78.34 km (30.25 sq mi)
• Urban	91 km (35 sq mi)
• Metro	1,105.53 km (426.85 sq mi)
Elevation	21 m (69 ft)
Highest elevation	175 m (574 ft)
Lowest elevation	−1 m (−3 ft)
Population
• City	457,626
• Density	5,800/km (15,000/sq mi)
• Urban	574,000
• Metro	1,007,945
• Metro density	910/km (2,400/sq mi)
• Households	104,313
Demonym(s)	Ilonggo (masculine) Ilongga (feminine)
Economy
• Gross domestic product (GDP)	₱145.05 billion (2022) $2.563 billion (2022)
• Income class	1st city income class
• Poverty incidence	3.30% (2021)
• Revenue	₱ 3,437 million (2020), 1,670 million (2012), 1,688 million (2013), 1,043 million (2014), 2,113 million (2015), 2,303 million (2016), 2,675 million (2017), 2,890 million (2018), 3,273 million (2019), 3,547 million (2021), 4,143 million (2022)
• Assets	₱ 9,408 million (2020), 3,890 million (2012), 4,184 million (2013), 4,323 million (2014), 5,159 million (2015), 6,529 million (2016), 7,151 million (2017), 7,263 million (2018), 8,275 million (2019), 10,796 million (2021), 11,768 million (2022)
• Expenditure	₱ 2,279 million (2020), 1,361 million (2012), 1,388 million (2013), 1,440 million (2014), 1,530 million (2015), 1,737 million (2016), 1,831 million (2017), 2,134 million (2018), 2,194 million (2019), 2,885 million (2021), 3,294 million (2022)
• Liabilities	₱ 2,082 million (2020), 1,614 million (2012), 1,718 million (2013), 1,516 million (2014), 1,948 million (2015), 2,349 million (2016), 2,017 million (2017), 1,997 million (2018), 2,128 million (2019), 2,845 million (2021), 2,713 million (2022)
Service provider
• Electricity	Monte Oro Resource Electric and Power Corporation (MORE)
• Water	Metro Pacific Iloilo Water (MPIW)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	5000
PSGC	063022000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)33
Native languages	Hiligaynon/Ilonggo
Catholic diocese	Archdiocese of Jaro
Patron saint	Nuestra Señora de la Purificación y la Candelaria (English: Our Lady of Purification and Candle)
Website	iloilocity.gov.ph

Iloilo City, officially the City of Iloilo (Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang Iloilo; Filipino: Lungsod ng Iloilo), is a highly urbanized city in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines, located on the southeastern coast of the island of Panay. According to the 2020 census, Iloilo City has a population of 457,626 people, making it the most populous city in Western Visayas. For the metropolitan area, the total population is 1,007,945 people.

It is the largest city and capital of Iloilo province, where the city is geographically situated and grouped under the Philippine Statistics Authority, but remains politically independent in terms of government and administration. In addition, it is the center of the Iloilo–Guimaras metropolitan area, as well as the regional center of the Western Visayas region. The city serves as the regional hub for education, culinary arts, religion, healthcare, tourism, culture, industry, governance, and economy.

The city is a conglomeration of former towns, now organized as geographical or administrative districts. These districts include Villa de Arevalo, Iloilo City Proper, Jaro (an independent city before), La Paz, Mandurriao, Molo, and Lapuz (declared a separate district in 2008).

In 1566, the Spanish settled in Iloilo, establishing it as one of the oldest Spanish colonial centers in the Philippines. The city was bestowed with the honorific title "La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad" (The Most Loyal and Noble City) by Queen Regent Maria Cristina of Spain and served as the last capital of the Spanish Empire in Asia and the Pacific, as well as the capital of the short-lived Federal State of the Visayas. In modern times, Iloilo City remains prominent in the country, with its Spanish influence still highly evident in its architecture, culture, cuisine, and historical landmarks.

Known for dishes like La Paz Batchoy, Kansi, Kadyos, Baboy, kag Langka (KBL), Laswa, and Pancit Molo, Iloilo City has been recognized as the first UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy in the Philippines. The city is also home to several prominent institutions, including Central Philippine University, established with funding from John D. Rockefeller as the first Baptist and the second American and Protestant-founded university in the country and Asia. It is globally recognized in rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds, Times Higher Education, and AppliedHE. It is also known for housing the UNESCO-listed Hinilawod Epic Chant Recordings.

Iloilo City is also popular for the Dinagyang Festival, well-preserved heritage houses, centuries-old Catholic churches, museums, river esplanades, and Spanish colonial and American-era architecture buildings, as well as being the center of Candelaria devotion in the Philippines.

Etymology

See also: Nicknames of Iloilo City

The name "Iloilo" is derived from the older name "Ilong-ilong" (Philippine Spanish: Ilong̃-ílong̃) meaning "nose-like", referring to the promontory between two rivers (Iloilo and Batiano) where the Fort San Pedro and the 17th-century Spanish port were located.

History

Pre-colonial period

See also: Hinilawod Images from the Boxer Codex (c. 1595), illustrating ancient Visayans

Little is known historically about the region prior to the arrival of the Spanish. In Historia natural del sitio, fertilidad y calidad de las Islas e Indios de Bisayas (1668), the Jesuit missionary Francisco Ignacio Alcina (1668) identifies the origin of the Hiligaynon people of "Oton" (Panay) as the island of Leyte, which correlates with the linguistic subgrouping of the Hiligaynon language.

Numerous legends however, exist on the origins of the Hiligaynon people. Among them is the epic Maragtas by Pedro Monteclaro (first published in 1907), which describes how ten datu and their families, led by Datu Puti, left the "kingdom of Borneo" to escape the cruel reign of Sultan Makatunaw. They arrived in the island of Panay and negotiated a sale of the lowlands with King Marikudo of the Ati people. The price is said to be a golden salakot for Marikudo and a long golden necklace for his queen, Maniwan-tiwan. A pact of friendship was then forged between the two peoples, and the Atis performed their native songs and dances, which is then said to be the origin of the Ati-Atihan Festival. According to Augustinian Friar Rev. Fr. Santaren recording in the Spanish era of this Pre-Spanish legendary history, that Datu Macatunao or Rajah Makatunao who was the "sultan of the Moros," and a relative of Datu Puti who seized the properties and riches of the ten datus was eventually killed by the warriors named Labaodungon and Paybare, after learning of this injustice from their father-in-law Paiburong (Datu of Iloilo), sailed to Odtojan in Borneo where Makatunaw ruled. The warriors sacked the city, killed Makatunaw and his family, retrieved the stolen properties of the 10 datus, enslaved the remaining population of Odtojan, and sailed back to Panay. Labaw Donggon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, later settled in a place called Moroboro. The Maragtas also goes on to describe other settlements by "Malay datu" in other areas in the Visayas and Luzon.

While once widely accepted and included in school textbooks, Maragtas (as well as the Code of Kalantiaw) is now regarded by modern scholars to be an early 20th century hoax. The historicity of the epic was first challenged by the historian William Henry Scott in 1968. Scott successfully defended his criticism before a panel of experts in Filipino history (including Gregorio Zaide, Teodoro Agoncillo, etc.), some of whom had once promoted the inclusion of Maragtas in books on Philippine history.

A more recent 2019 thesis, "Mga Maragtas ng Panay: Comparative Analysis of Documents about the Bornean Settlement Tradition" (Talaguit, 2019) has uncovered a slightly earlier account of the Bornean migration myth by the Augustinian Friar, Rev. Fr. Tomas Santaren. His account, Bisayan Accounts of Early Bornean Settlements, was first published in 1902 as an appendix to the book Igorrotes: estudio geográfico y etnográfico sobre algunos distritos del norte de Luzon by Fr. Angel Perez. Santaren's account is allegedly a direct Spanish translation from two manuscripts acquired from locals in Iloilo sometime after 1858 when he was stationed there. The details on Santaren's account corroborate most of Monteclaro's. However, the manuscripts that Santaren translated from were presumably only written during the colonial era in romanized Hiligaynon, since pre-colonial Visayans transmitted history via oral tradition, not in writing. Thus it is still unlikely that they are of pre-colonial origin. It is, however, accurate to regard the Maragtas (or at least elements of it) as being derived from local folk history, rather than authentic history or simply fabrications by Monteclaro.

There was a mention of Iloilo's current town of Oton in Yuan Dynasty records in the 1300s when Oton was called in Hokkien Chinese: 啞陳; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: A-tân.

In Panay, according to Friar Gaspar de San Agustín, O.S.A., "...in the ancient times, there was a trading center and a court of the most illustrious nobility in the whole island."

Early Spanish colonial period

In 1519, King Charles I of Spain already acquired and inherited Catholic kingdoms. He was the King of all Spain, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Burgundy and Luxembourg, Count of Holland, Count of Barcelona, Count of Flanders, Prince of Asturias, Archduke of Austria, King of Aragon, King of Jerusalem, Catalonia, Valencia, Naples, two Sicilies, Corsica and Sardinia. King of the Western and Eastern Indies, of the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea. King of Italy, King of Bohemia and Hungary. He commissioned Ferdinand Magellan to circumnavigate the globe especially to establish International Trade in Spice Island. The dangerous and uncertain voyage as 5 ships with 270 men departs from Seville and by 1520, the expedition have traversed for months calm Ocean they called Pacifico or Peaceful. The mountains of Samar and Leyte was visible as they drew closed which the crew called " Las Velas " or the Sails. They disembark in unpopulated Homonhon Island for a week from a long journey for food and water and call the place "Buenas Senas" or good sign. They navigated through the Strait of Siargapo and at landed Limasawa Island and were received peacefully by locals. Delighted, the Spaniards planted a cross on a hill and the first mass was celebrated. It was the first Spanish settlement and the birthplace of Christianity in the Philippines. The locals were introduced to visit another kinsman chieftain along the Butuan River. The King of Butuan received the Spaniards on April 8, 1521. Returning to Limasawa, The Prince of Limasawa also told them about 3 powerful Kedatuan – in Sugbu, Yrong-yrong and Tondo. On March 17, 1521, Magellan named the newly discovered Island as " Las islas de San Lázaro". By April 7, Magellan arrived in Sugbu. Datu Zula of Mactan sent Magellan 2 goats.

"On Friday, April twenty-six, Zula, the second chief of the island of Mactan, sent one of his sons to present two goats to the captain-general, and to say that he would send him all that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to him because of the other chief Lapu-Lapu, who refused to obey the king of Spain."

Humabon tricked Magellan to kill Lapu Lapu, the Datu or chieftain of nearby Mactan Island. The men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did not engage in battle with Lapu-Lapu. Magellan was hit by a poisoned arrow he turned toward his men who were returning to the ships and fell down. The next day, Rajah Humabon of Sugbu offered a Banquet for Spaniards. Twenty-seven Spanish sailors died due to poisoning by Cebuanos. Rajah Humabon restored friendly relations with Lapu-Lapu, as he is married to Hara Humamay, Lapu-lapu niece.

Under Philip II, in 1565, the Spaniards in Mexico returned to Cebu to avenge Magellan's death against the treachery of Cebuanos. Miguel López de Legazpi pillaged and burned houses in Cebu for days. Cebuanos retreated, fearing the heavily armored Spaniards now with formidable reformed-infantry called Tercios composed of alabardero, alférez with a sword and Arcabucero with gunpowder. Miguel López de Legazpi directed Felipe de Salcedo along with Spanish Friar Martín de Rada and other Augustinian missionaries to look for food. They disembarked in Iloilo and established a temporary settlement in Araut somewhere in Dumangas. In 1566, they founded a settlement in the areas between Ogtong (Oton) and the present-day La Villa Rica de Arevalo district of Iloilo City. Though founded in 1566, Oton, which forms a big part of the area in the said settlement with Arevalo, was established formally in 1572 as the second official Spanish colonial outpost after Cebu City. The city was founded by 80 pure Spaniards from Europe and was reinforced by a consecutive number of 66, 50, 169, and then another 169 Mexican soldiers from Latin America during the years 1603, 1636, 1670, and 1672. In 1586, it welcomed 20 Spanish Households and the garrison was reinforced by 30 Spanish and/or Mexican soldiers. Later in the 1700s, Iloilo was home to 166 Spanish Filipino families and 29,723 native families.

Unlike the Indianized Cebuanos who were neutral to the Spaniards or the partially Islamized Tagalogs of Manila who were more hostile, the people of Madja-as welcomed the Iberians as allies since at that time period, Madja-as was locked in a war against the invading Muslims, especially with the Sultanate of Brunei and its vassal states, the Sultanate of Sulu and the Kingdom of Maynila which, according to Spanish Governor-General Francisco de Sande, are their blood-cousins. The people then fervently accepted Christianity as they supplied the bulk of the mercenaries used in the conquest of partially Islamized Manila, whose rulers were related to the Sultan of Brunei.

When the Spaniards came to the Visayas, they noted that the pirates among them were more terrifying than the Mohammedans of Jolo and Mindanao. All year long, after the harvest, they would sail toward faraway places to hunt slaves and make surprise attacks on settlements. Those who did not live along the rivers, would make their raids in the months of February, March, April, October and November, going deeper into the interior parts of the islands, sacking the villages. These raiding expeditions are called panggubat (noun) or manggubat (gerund verb form).

However, upon Christianization and Hispanization, the fiercest slave-raiders among the Philippine islands, the people Panay and the other Christianized peoples of the archipelago were converted and reformed and they abandoned the practice of slaving, piracy and raiding and contented themselves to be simple soldiers or farmers.

In 1581, Ronquillo moved the colonial center from Ogtong to approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) eastward due to recurrent raids by Moro pirates and Dutch and English privateers. He renamed this new colonial seat La Villa Rica de Arévalo in honor of his hometown in Ávila, Spain. Ronquillo also settled groups of Spanish and Mexican soldiers to become the first colonists of Arevalo as he built his mansion in the area. The Chinese traders supplying the colonists then established themselves in Iloilo's parian Molo. Meanwhile, Jaro was soon filled up with various kinds of mestizos (Mixed raced people), La Paz district was where devotees to the Mexican-made image of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, congregated; and Mandurriao hosted the growing Indian community near the Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple.

In the early days of the Spanish period; the first Manila Galleons were originally constructed at the port of Oton to the west of Iloilo. Since there was no precedent in Spain for the immensity of a Manila-Galleon, it could be argued that the proto-type Manila galleons were of Visayan design since the Visayans were already constructing huge multi-masted 4 to 5 decked caracoas in their wars against the other kingdoms and thus, the technical know-how to construct the first Manila galleons was an amelioration of Visayan shipbuilding with Spanish shipbuilding. Oton built the first Manila galleons before operations were eventually transferred to the Bicol and Cavite shipyards.

1600s–1700s

In the year 1600, a large Muslim attack on Iloilo City was launched, with a force of 70 ships and 4,000 warriors, raiding and attacking several Visayan islands in order to abduct slaves. However, the attack was repulsed by a force of 1,000 Visayan warriors and 70 Mexican arquebusiers under the command of the Don Juan Garcia de Sierra (the Spanish alcalde mayor), who died in battle. With the increase in Moro incursions toward the end of the sixteenth century, Spanish defenses in the Visayas were strengthened by the construction of a fort at Iloilo staffed by two companies of (Mexican) soldiers.

In 1635, in an effort to check the Islamic slave-raiding into the Visayas islands, the Christian Visayans from Iloilo together with Spanish officers and their Latino soldiers from Peru soon founded Zamboanga City and settled in it, using it as a fortress to prevent Moro attacks in the Visayas, and as a staging ground for Christian campaigns into Muslim Mindanao.

In 1700, due to ever-increasing attacks especially from the Dutch and the Moros, the Spaniards again moved their seat of power some 25 kilometres (16 miles) eastward to the village of Irong-Irong, which had natural and strategic defense against raids. At the mouth of the river that snakes through Panay, the Spaniards built the Fortificación de Nuestra Señora del Rosario en el Puerto de Yloylo, Provincia de Oton (now called Fort San Pedro) to better guard against the raids which were now the only threat to their hold on the islands. Irong-Irong or Ilong-Ilong was shortened to Iloilo. Later, the natural port area quickly became the capital of the province.

Sugar boom era and the late Spanish colonial period (1800s)

Spanish colonial local government in Iloilo allowed Chinese migrants which worked among the city's industries (the Locsin, Lopez, Jalandoni, Lim and Sy families) and Latin Americans from across the Pacific (Viceroyalty of New Spain) to man its military fortifications (the Araneta, De Rama and Arroyo families). In the late 18th century, the development of large-scale weaving industry started the movement of Iloilo's surge in trade and economy in the Visayas.

Sometimes referred to as the "Textile Capital of the Philippines", the products were exported to Manila and other foreign places. Sinamay, piña, and jusi are examples of the products produced by the looms of Iloilo. Because of the rise of the textile industry, there was also a rise of the upper middle class. However, with the introduction of cheap textile from the UK and the emergence of the sugar economy, the industry waned in the mid-19th century.

The waning textile industry was replaced, however, by the opening of Iloilo's port to the world market in 1855. Because of this, Iloilo's industry and agriculture was put on direct access to foreign markets. But what triggered the economic boom of Iloilo in the 19th century was the development of the sugar industry in Iloilo and its neighboring island of Negros. Sugar during the 19th century was of high demand. Nicholas Loney, the British vice-consul in Iloilo, developed the industry by giving loans, constructing warehouses in the port, and introducing new technologies in sugar farming. The rich families of Iloilo developed large areas of Negros, which were later called haciendas, because of sugar's high demand in the world market. Because of the increase in commercial activity, infrastructures, recreational facilities, educational institutions, banks, foreign consulates, commercial firms and much more sprouted in Iloilo.

City Status

On October 5, 1889, a royal decree raised Iloilo's status from a town to a city, this on account of growing development in commerce and industry making her second to Manila in importance. Iloilo thus succeeded Manila, Cebu and Vigan as officially declared cities. Through the Becerra Law of 1889, the ayuntamiento of Iloilo was established on January 7, 1890, its inauguration led by the former Governor-General Valeriano Weyler. Iloilo City was the second-most important city in the archipelago at the end of the Spanish Regime.

The Revolutionary Period (1896)

Further information: Philippine Revolution

The immediate reaction of Ilonggo elite to the outbreak of the 1896 rebellion in Manila was that of surprise. They immediately responded with protestations of outrage and affirmed their loyalty to Spain. The Ilonggos themselves were united in their support of Spain during the first two years of the revolutionary period.

Shortly after the Cry of Balintawak, the Jaro Ayuntamiento (another colonial city adjacent to Iloilo City), composed of native Ilonggos, convened a special session on September 1, 1896, where the Manila uprising was condemned as an unpatriotic act "that finds no echo in the noble hearts of Jareños, who do not forget the immense gratitude they owe Spain who, from nothing, raised us to a life of civilization and progress."

The Ayuntamiento of Iloilo also affirmed its allegiance and loyalty to Spain and made a similar protestation. Condemning the uprising, the city's letter to the Governor General says:

"Those dark betrayals, the mere notion of which embarrasses good and loyal Filipinos, have produced a unanimous sentiment of protest and indignation among the Ilongo people, who engrave its most honorable blazon in the sacred and inextinguishable love that it professes to the glorious Spanish nationality that it legitimately feels proud of. The Ilongos are Spaniards, Your Excellency, and Spaniards will they be until death, because they do not want to live and die in another way than under the shadow of the august Castillan standard, to which they owe being dignified and free men now."

The foreign community in the city also asked its representatives to visit local authorities and to elevate their protests against the revolt. And so did the Filipino parish priests of Jaro, Molo, Mandurriao, and Arévalo. Towns in Iloilo province also condemned the Manila uprising, and those of the neighboring provinces of Cápiz and Antique, as well as the island of Negros, followed suit. This emboldened the Ilonggo elite to initiate the organization of volunteers to be sent to quell what was seen as a mostly-Tagalog rebellion. The move was backed by the Spanish and foreign communities of Iloilo. A battalion of five hundred native volunteers was raised, which was divided into two companies, and placed under the cadre of mostly Spanish officers. They arrived in Manila on January 16, 1897. They were one of the largest native contingent to serve the government forces against Katipunan troops led by Emilio Aguinaldo, in the battlegrounds of Cavite province.

The Ilonggo volunteers established for themselves a distinguished combat record in Cavite. Once the Pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed, they returned to Iloilo. In April 1898 their homecoming, just like their departure, was met with much fanfare. This galvanized the Ilonggos into more public outpourings and manifestations of loyalty to Spain.

Due to the loyalty of the Ilonggos, the city of Iloilo was honored with the perpetual title of Muy Noble (Most Noble). The Royal Decree granting this title was signed on March 1, 1898, by Queen Regent Maria Cristina. Over time, this title earned for Iloilo City the reputation of it being the Queen's Favored City in the South or simply Queen's City in the South, being the second Spanish port of importance next to Manila, and being located south of the archipelago's Capital. On a side note, at the beginning of the American period until the Second World War, Cebu became the second port of importance (Iloilo having been partly ravaged by bombardment, fire, and riots during the American occupation of Iloilo City).

Yet, it was also during this period of Philippine history that Iloilo was more popularly known as the Queen City of the South. This points to the fact that the moniker was associated with the Queen Regent's favor and with the honorary title granted to Iloilo City as La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad (The Most Loyal and Noble City), due to the loyalty of its citizens to the Spanish Crown. Besides, the Ilonggos, who were among the first allies of the Spanish Crown in the archipelago, contributed in the Spanish conquest of Luzon. It was in Arevalo (later, a district of Iloilo City), Panay that the conquest of Luzon was planned and launched, on May 8, 1570, with the help of seafaring inhabitants of the Island.

After the defeat of the Spanish forces at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War, the Capital of the Spanish East Indies was transferred to Iloilo, with General Diego de los Rios as the new Governor General residing in the city. A truce was declared between the American and the Spanish forces pending the negotiations of the joint commission of both warring Countries in Paris, France for the terms of peace. Meanwhile, General Aguinaldo sent several small vessels to Panay with Tagalog revolutionaries in order to stir up rebellion in the Visayas. He was anxious to secure all territories he could before the conditions for peace should be settled in Paris. At stake was the hope that actual possession of territories would influence the final decision.

By October 1898, fresh Tagalog expeditions were sent to Panay and coerced or persuaded its people to rise in greater force than ever, until finally, General de los Rios had to fall back to Iloilo. By the middle of November, after having secured the support of the inhabitants of the towns outside Iloilo through the leadership of General Martín Delgado, practically the whole island of Panay, except for Iloilo (the City Proper), Jaro, La Paz, and Molo, was under the revolutionary dominion. By December, de los Rios held only the city and port of Iloilo.

On December 25, 1898 (fifteen days after the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10), the Spanish government surrendered to the Ilonggo revolutionaries at Plaza Alfonso XII (Plaza Libertad today), making Iloilo the last capital of the Spanish Empire in Asia and the Pacific. Military Provincial Governor Ricardo Monet, who was representing Governor General de los Rios, together with Lt. Col. Agustín Solís, formally handed over Plaza Alfonso XII to Delgado, who represented Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the newly established Philippine Republic, in Iloilo. Delgado was named provincial governor afterwards.

The newly found freedom of the Ilonggos would be short-lived. The American forces arrived in Iloilo on December 27, 1898, under the command of General Marcus P. Miller, and were afterwards reinforced up to a total strength of about 3,000 troops and two ships, to take possession of the territory in accordance with the Treaty of Paris.

The Federal State of the Visayas was established on December 2, 1898, to promote the ideal of federation for an independent Philippine nation. It was composed of the Cantonal governments of Bohol and Negros, as well as the Provisional Government in the Visayas, which exercised powers over Panay and Romblon. The government of the federal state was patterned after the United States federalism and the Swiss confederacy. The government was reportedly created following consultations with Emilio Aguinaldo. Roque Lopez, who was the president of the provisional government in Panay, became the federal state's president and Iloilo City was designated as the Visayas capital.

Filipino–American War

After the Spanish forces left the city, the revolutionary forces made a formal entry amidst music and banners. A government was constituted. On January 17, 1899, an election placed Raymundo Melliza, of a notable family from Molo that was respected by both the natives and foreigners, to office as Mayor. However, the influence of the new regime established by the government of Aguinaldo did not have effective extent far beyond a day's march from the Capital. At the threshold of the City and Province of Iloilo, the Americans were waiting for a signal from Manila. Two more ships supplemented the U.S. forces, even though no clashes with the revolutionaries took place after the Spaniards abandoned the city. Miller expressed demands for the surrender of Iloilo but no gun was fired. The Americans were waiting for the right moment, for it was not until February 6, 1899, that the American Senate ratified the Treaty of Paris.

On February 4, hostilities broke out between Aguinaldo's forces and the Americans in Luzon. Emissaries brought Aguinaldo's message to the Ilonggos to hold the City against the enemies. The demand for surrender was renewed by Miller, on February 7, upon receipt of orders from Manila, with the threat to bombard Iloilo by the 12th day of the month if no surrender would take place.

As the Americans were preparing to attack the city, the 1,650 native troops under General Martin Delgado became uncontrollable and insolent to their officers. They were promised a monthly remuneration of Php4 and food, but only received Php1. Threats of mutiny, sacking and burning of the city, forced the Generals to collect money from the towns of Panay in order to appease the Visayan contingents. The same thing happened to the Tagalog component of the troops. The danger of riots in the city and the attitude of native soldiers fomented fear among the inhabitants. Chinese merchants closed their stores leaving only a small hole for transacting business. Many prominent families, who were in constant fear for their safety, went over to Negros Island in small schooners that flew the Philippine flag, without having any trouble with the American ships on standby in the waters between the two islands.

On February 10, an Extraordinary Session at the City Hall discussed plans for the impending bombardment of the city. There was a proposal to burn Iloilo, but the Mayor protested to this barbarous plan. A majority in the meeting was in favor of burning, which was seen as an invitation to despoil, lay waste and slay. The instigators who had no property interests in Iloilo, but who were so jealous of those who have, found a ready response of the Tagalog mercenaries, who had no local attachment to the city.

The Americans fired the first shell on February 11, 1899. Foreign eyewitnesses observed that the bombardment damaged quite a few buildings. In the meantime, from early morning, the withdrawing native soldiers, followed by a riffraff mob, were observed to have rushed hither and thither, throwing firebrands on to petroleum-washed houses. The Chinese had to barricade themselves to no use since fire burned their bazaars. Europeans and the Spanish half-castes had to defend themselves with every means possible, including bribing the rioters with a few pesos. Two British warships in the roadstead sent boats ashore and landed a party of marines, who made a gallant effort to save foreign properties, as the United Kingdom had a strong business interest in Iloilo and a Consulate.

By 1 o'clock of the same day, the Americans made a landing and restored order. Sentinels were stationed to protect what still remained of the townspeople's goods. In due course, indemnity claims were forwarded to the American military authorities, but were all rejected.

Ten years later, an article published in the local paper Nuevo Heraldo summarized the downfall of the Queen City in these words:

"The fire left behind only the name Iloilo, as the main part of the city was reduced to ashes by the retreating Ilongo troops. That event was the cause of the ruin of such a beautiful city, second only to Manila, where, if there was not a surplus of money, neither the people's welfare was wanting, and life was prosperous and peaceful. If the brain who planted such an unqualified act had measured the consequences... maybe he would never have dared doing it..."

By February 1899, the Americans had started mobilizing to assert their authority over the City and Province. They continued to meet resistance from the Ilonggos, which lasted up to 1901. In which case, Iloilo was also among the last cities to fall to Americans. Many leaders surrendered to the new regime and were reintegrated to the Ilonggo society without conditions. Among them was General Martin Delgado, who accepted the position of Governor of the Province of Iloilo from 1901 to 1904, under the American flag. He was, at that time, the highest-paid Governor in the whole Archipelago, receiving $3,000 gold annually.

Local government was established in some towns of Iloilo by April 11, 1901. Jose Maria Gay was appointed Alcalde, Matias Hibiernas was teniente alcalde of Iloilo; Jose Yusay was President of Molo; Pablo Borromeo was President of Arevalo; Ruperto Montinola was the lone representative of Jaro, but was not its president; Madurriao's president was Emigdio Mesa. Emilio Magbanua was appointed its police delegate. It was observed by Juan de León y Benedicto, judge of the Court of First Instance that there existed a rivalry between the pueblos of Iloilo, Jaro and Molo, which are adjacent to and are only half an hour travel by carriage from each other. Besides, Molo and Jaro are residential pueblos, and Iloilo was the business town for both. It was also recommended that Arevalo be joined to Molo, and La Paz to Jaro. The aggregate population of these territories was at 100,000 in 1901. Presidents and other representatives were also appointed for the towns of Alimodian, Miag-ao, Janiuay, Mina, Oton, Passi, Guimbal, Pototan, San Joaquin, Santa Barbara, San Miguel, Pavia, Sara, Nagaba (currently known as Nueva Valencia), San Enrique, Lambunao, Cordoba (a barangay of Tigbauan today), Cabatuan, Leganes, Tigbauan, Banate, Buena Vista, Navalas, Tubungan, Duenas, Mandurriao, Maasin, Lucena, and Leon. Other formerly existing ones, like Anilao and Barotac Viejo, were fused with other towns.

As the aftermath of the revolution and the Filipino–American War, it was clear to all the most sober-minded and best-educated Ilonggos that Aguinaldo's government was a failure in Panay at least. Visayans of position, with property interests at stake, were convinced that absolute independence without any control or protection from some established political power was premature and doomed to disaster. The Visayan grudge against the Tagalog predominance was also a factor that contributed to the failure of Aguinaldo's government. But the aggravating factor was the dictatorial air and brutal conduct of the Tagalog troops, which destroyed the theory of fraternal unity. Ananias Diocno, the Tagalog contingents' leader known for severity in his Capiz and Iloilo campaigns, left a lasting non-commendable remembrance in the history of Panay.

American colonial era and advent of Protestantism and counter-reformation (1900–1941)

In 1900, no Americans reverted the city's status into a township. By virtue of Act No. 719 of 1903, the municipalities of Jaro, La Paz, Mandurriao, and Molo, were incorporated into the municipality of Iloilo. Pavia was also incorporated into Iloilo from Santa Barbara by virtue of Act No. 1333 19 April 1905. Later, Executive Order No. 64 24 December 1907 separated Pavia and Jaro from Iloilo and constituted them as the municipality of Jaro with effect on February 15, 1908. La Paz was re-established as a separate municipality in 1920 by virtue of Executive Order No. 70 signed on October 11, 1919.

The Americans initiated the construction of the Baluarte and Arroyo streets, the extension of Delgado Street to Valeria and from Fuentes and Jalandoni streets up to the present-day U.P. in the Visayas. Quezon and Mabini streets were asphalted while their sidewalks were also constructed. More significant was the installation of streetlights all throughout the city in 1921. In 1926, the widening of important streets, like General Luna, J.M. Basa and Ledesma, was started. In 1927, an improved street, Valeria-Ledesma (formerly known as Weyler), was inaugurated (David 1937).

During the American colonial regime that time in the Philippine islands, the Americans brought with them their Protestant faith. A comity agreement was made in 1898 that the Philippine islands would be divided into different Protestant denominations for missionary works to avoid future conflicts; Iloilo is one of the first favored places in the country where the early Protestant sects came because of the city's economic prominence and importance next to Manila during such time. Western Visayas and Negros, in accordance with the comity agreement, was given to the religious jurisdictions of the Baptists, although other Protestant sects were allowed to do missions in the same area.

The Protestant missionaries initiated large-scale enterprises in the predominantly Catholic province. The Presbyterians established the first Protestant and American hospital in the country, the Iloilo Mission Hospital. Supposedly it came also that Iloilo is the original location for foundation of Silliman University, the first Protestant and American university in the country and in Asia. However, due to the Catholic opposition where the school will stand, the founder, David Hibbard, prospected some new locations. He went to Cebu and later had a side trip in Dumaguete, where he had a decision to establish and where Silliman University is presently located.

Baptists on the other hand, established institutions like Central Philippine University in 1905, as the first Baptist-founded and second American university in Asia; the Jaro Evangelical Church, the first Baptist church in the Philippines; and the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches, the oldest Baptist organizational body in the Philippines. Later, the Seventh-day Adventists established the Jaro Adventist Center, the first organized Seventh-day Adventist church outside Manila.

Central Philippine University was established through a grant given by the then richest American industrialist and oil magnate John D. Rockefeller. Central Philippine University pioneered the work-study program in the country which was later patterned and followed by other institutions and has also established the first and oldest student governing body in South East Asia modeled on the American civil government, the Central Philippine University Republic in 1906 after the Jaro Industrial School, CPU's forerunner, was established.

Under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church in the United States in 1901, the Sabine Haines Memorial Union Mission Hospital (Union Mission Hospital) was established by American missionary doctor Joseph Andrew Hall and his wife Jane Russell Hall. The hospital is also the first hospital for soldiers and the constabulary (predecessor of the Philippine National Police) during the American colonial regime in the country. The hospital pioneered the nursing education in the country through the establishment of the Union Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses, the first nursing school in the Philippines. Later, the hospital was handed over to the Protestant Baptists. In 1931, the Union Mission Hospital moved to its present site in a property bought by the Baptists, thus a year later in 1932, the hospital changed its name to Iloilo Mission Hospital along with its nursing school. The school was later transferred and became and organic academic unit of the Central Philippine University (the present-day Central Philippine University College of Nursing. Iloilo Mission Hospital has over the years associated with Central Philippine University as its university hospital (CPU-Iloilo Mission Hospital).

Up to the present, the various evangelical Protestant denominations (composing around 2.8% of the Filipinos) and their educational institutions also serve Catholic students in Iloilo, who make up 83% of the population.

Seizure of friar lands and parishes and the above-mentioned Protestant activities gave the American and Filipino public an impression of an anti-Catholic stance of the U.S. occupation of the Islands during the first years of the American rule. The Taft Commission, the sole legislative body of the American government for the Philippines (then known as the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States) while still under the Philippine–American War, were attacked by Catholic press in New York for anti-Catholic bigotry. Soon, pressures from influential Catholics in the United States, and also in Ireland caused President Theodore Roosevelt to appoint a Catholic in the commission to defend Catholic interest in the Philippines. Influential Catholics in Manila followed suit. Worries about Catholic vote in national elections moved the civil government to send the commission to the Vatican to negotiate exploring workable to solutions to the Catholic question in the newly acquired territory. Before coming to Rome, the head of the Commission personally visited the Cardinal Archbishop of Baltimore. Pace by pace, acceptable solutions were employed. In 1902, the President of the United States of America commissioned two American Augustian friars to pioneer a movement to send American priests out to the Philippines to replace the Spanish friars, who diminished in number (1,013 in 1898 to 246 in 1903) due to normal loss of personnel due to death or retirement, death caused by native hostilities, or voluntary return to Spain.

In Iloilo, American Catholics countered the Protestant American missions and the American Catholic bishops, like Frederick Rooker, Dennis Joseph Dougherty, and James McCloskey, were named for the Roman Catholic See of Jaro in Iloilo City. These bishops sustained the educational achievements of the Spanish friars by bringing in American and European Catholic missionaries, among whom were the Sisters of Charity of St. Paul, and Augustinian missionary priests. The Augustinians, who were the first to bring the Christian faith in the Philippines as well as in Panay island, and who built the centuries-old heritage churches in this island, established the Collegio de San Agustín in 1904, which eventually became the only university of the Augustinian Order in Asia. During the American regime, their confreres from the United States developed evermore this institution, which later became the first university in Iloilo. The American Catholic Bishops also maintained and upgraded the St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary (established in 1869 as the Collegio-Seminario de San Vicente Ferrer), which was the first institution of higher learning in Western Visayas. Despite the Augustinians being Catholics and Baptists being Protestants, they mutually enriched each other through dialogue mainly because Augustinian ideals were the foundations of Protestantism since the first Protestant was Martin Luther and he was a former Augustinian priest himself and the Protestant zeal for reformation from corruption even started some reform in the church itself. Saint Ezekiel Moreno who was ordained in the Minor Orders in Jaro, Iloilo had walked the fine line between reform, obedience and leadership since he ministered and walked hand in hand with condemned rebels and criminals in the Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, he was also obedient to his superiors in the Order of Augustinian Recollects, a reform or "Recollection" movement in the Augustinian Order, which took elements from the Protestant Reformation. Saint Ezekiel Moreno also became the leader of a political movement when he became a Bishop of Pasto, Colombia.

The visitation of Saint Ezekiel Moreno is a harmonized incarnation of the ancient Convivència in Spain when different religions and kingdoms; Pagan, Christian, Jewish and Muslim lived side by side and struggled to maintain their perspective purity, contested with each other and yet also mutually enriched each other without turning into a mongrelized melting pot of a mixed up and confused morass. Coincidentally, Saint Ezekiel Moreno was ordained in the Minor Orders in the then church of Jaro which housed a Virgin Mary statue under the Title of "Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Jaro". An image with complex Convivència alluding properties due to the confluence of many symbols from various cultures simultaneously present in the image but it is likely not earthly of nature and is a pure grace direct from heaven or an image "Not carved by human hands" due to its miraculous nature which was found floating in a river, shifting in weight and growing in size.

The Paulinian Sisters took charge of St. Paul Hospital, originally owned by the Catholic Diocese of Jaro. Bishop Dennis Joseph Dougherty, who later became Cardinal Archbishop of Philadelphia, gave the medical facilities to the Sisters. To commemorate the bishop's generosity, the hospital named a more recent section of the facilities after him: the CADMA (Cardinal Dougherty Medical Annex). To meet the growing need to provide nurses for their hospital, the Paulinians also opened a nursing school. Today, this institution has also become a university (St. Paul University Iloilo), and has ever since supplied high-quality healthcare professionals known worldwide for their skills and dedication to work.

During the American colonial occupation, one of the platforms by the colonial government was first to establish and implement a public education system in the islands and the Thomasites were deployed and commissioned by the American government to teach in the public schools that will be established. The Thomasites tolerated religious freedom, which is one of the foundations of the United States constitution and legacy to the Philippines, while commissioned and under their tutelage to teach in public schools during the colonial period. Public schools that were established when the Thomasites came to Iloilo are Iloilo Normal School, the present-day West Visayas State University (formally established in 1924 but dates back its founding in 1902 as part of the Philippine Normal School System in the Philippines); the Iloilo National High School, the first public provincial high school in the islands; and Baluarte Elementary School, the first public elementary school in the islands.

Commonwealth Act No. 57 was passed in 1936 granting city status to Iloilo; this charter was immediately amended by Commonwealth Act No. 158 some days later to incorporate the municipalities of La Paz and Arevalo as part of the new city's territory. Iloilo regained cityhood status on July 16, 1937, through Commonwealth Act 158. Incorporated as part of Iloilo City were the towns of La Paz and Arévalo and inaugurated on August 25, 1937. The municipality of Jaro, on the other hand, was incorporated into Iloilo City some years later by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 604 22 August 1940, which amended the city charter of Iloilo to include, into Iloilo City, the municipality of Jaro "on the date that the President of the Philippines may set by proclamation". To that effect, President Manuel L. Quezon issued Proclamation No. 663 on January 7, 1941, giving January 16 as the date of Jaro's incorporation into Iloilo City. Sugar's demand was declining, labor unrests in the port area scared the investors away, and the opening of the sub-port of Pulupandan in Negros Occidental moved the sugar importation closer to the sugar farms.

Japanese occupation (1942–1945)

By 1942, the Japanese invaded Panay and the economy moved into a standstill. During World War II, Iloilo was controlled by several Japanese battalions. Japan's ultimate goal was to entrench itself deeply into the Philippines so that at the close of the war they could occupy it just as the Spanish and the Americans had years before. The Japanese built "comfort stations" in Iloilo in 1942, where they imprisoned Filipino "comfort women" who they routinely gang-raped, brutalized, and murdered for entertainment. Nevertheless, during the Japanese occupation, Macario Peralta Jr., freed most of Panay (with little exceptions) from Japanese imperialism, thus other allied guerillas in other provinces from Romblon, Palawan, Marinduque and portions of Masbate and Mindoro, considered majority liberated Panay Island, the "Primus inter pares" in their alliance network.

When Iloilo was liberated by Filipino and American forces from Japanese military occupation on March 25, 1945, the remnants of these battalions were held in Jaro Plaza as a makeshift detention facility.

Post-war decline

The war heavily damaged the infrastructure in Iloilo. However, the continuing conflict between the labor unions in the port area, declining sugar economy, and the deteriorating peace and order situation in the countryside, the exodus of Ilonggos to other cities, provinces/regions and islands that offered better opportunities and business. People were moving to other cities such as Bacolod, Cebu, and Manila that led to Iloilo's decline in economic importance in central Philippines. Rural agricultural areas continued to help the local economy. For years, because of this exodus of investors, Iloilo's economy progressed in a moderate pace.

Change slowly came. First came the construction of the fishing port and a new international seaport. One by one, commercial business firms invested in Iloilo, spurring on the city to its eventual recovery.

Iloilo became a highly urbanized city on December 22, 1979, by the virtue of Batas Pambansa Blg. 51. Corollary to this new status, its residents effectively lost their eligibility to vote for provincial officials.

Iloilo during the Marcos dictatorship

Main articles: Marcos dictatorship and Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship

The closing weeks of 1969 marked the beginning of a period of unrest in the Philippines. The debt-driven projects initiated by Ferdinand Marcos had succeeded in the political goal of getting him re-elected, but resulted in the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis just after the elections in November 1969. By the time of his second inauguration on December 30, 1969, the value of the Peso had begun to crash, and inflation led to the three-month period of social unrest now known as the First Quarter Storm. While major protests were taking place in the Philippine capital in Manila, protests also rocked Iloilo City. Students from the Baptist-founded Central Philippine University (and the nearby Western Institute of Technology in La Paz) became particularly active leaders in these protests, organizing themseleves into the Federation of Ilonggo Students or FIST. Among the student leaders in this organization were Vic Beloria, Renato Ganchero, Virgil Ortigas, and the brothers Napoleon and Rolando Lorca - all of whom would later be forced to go into hiding upon Marcos' declaration of martial law, lose their lives resisting the dictatorship, and be honored as martyrs of the fight against the Marcos regime by having their names inscribed on the wall at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani (Heroes' memorial). Another student who us similarly honored was Edmundo Legislador of the University of the Philippines Iloilo.

As he approached the end of the last term allowed to him by the Philippine Constitution, Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in 1972. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule, historically remembered for its human rights abuses According to the documentation of Amnesty International, Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, and similar human rights monitoring entities, historians believe that the Marcos dictatorship was marked by 3,257 known extrajudicial killings, 35,000 tortures of political detainees, and 70,000 incarcerations.

Iloilo was the location of one of the important detention centers for political prisoners, Camp Delgado. Among the more prominent prisoners detained there included Labor lawyer Rodolfo Lagoc, who was detained there without charges for six months; and World War II heroine Coronacion “Walingwaling” Chiva, whose status as a legendary World War II heroine was the main reason she was mostly not harmed during detention. Others like activists Luing Posa-Dominado and Judy Taguiwalo were tortured, manhandled, and sexually assaulted For their various roles in the resistance against the authoritarian regime, Lagoc, Chiva, and Posa-Dominado would later be honored by having their names inscribed on the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the martyrs and heroes of the era. Meanwhile, Taguiwalo later briefly served as the Department of Social Welfare and Development.

21st century and economic boom

After the opening of the new commercial and business center in Mandurriao district and with the construction of a national highway that traverses this area, big businesses like the SM Supermalls, SM Prime Holdings, Megaworld Corporation, Gaisano Capital, Robinsons Land, Ayala Corporation, Filinvest, and Cebu Landmasters poured in huge investments in the city, giving impetus and catalyst toward future progress.

Furthermore, the rapid urbanization has extended beyond the city limits, resulting in extensive development and investments that have benefited the surrounding towns within Metro Iloilo. Distinguished developers, including Vista Land, Sta. Lucia Land, Global-Estate Resorts, Robinsons Land, Ayala Corporation, and International Builders Corporation, have actively contributed to shaping the evolving skyline of Metro Iloilo, outside the boundaries of Iloilo City.

Geography

Iloilo City is located in the southern shores of Panay Island. The city faces Iloilo Strait and Guimaras Island across it, making it a natural harbor and a safe anchorage for ships. It is bordered by the towns of Oton in the west, Pavia in the north and Leganes in the northeast. Just across the Iloilo Strait in its eastern and southern coastlines, are the towns of Buenavista and Jordan in the island-province of Guimaras .

The city lies on a flat alluvial plain, reclaimed mostly from the swampy areas due to urbanization and industrialization in the late 19th century until the present. Traversing the city are the rivers of Iloilo, Batiano, Jaro and Dungon Creek. Iloilo River is an estuary that separates the districts of City Proper, Molo and Villa Arevalo from the rest of the city. On the other hand, Jaro River is fed by its tributary rivers, Aganan and Tigum. Lately, a new escape channel for floodwaters coming from these two rivers to Iloilo Straight was developed, the Jaro Floodway. Iloilo City is 337.6 nautical miles (630 km) from Manila, 116 kilometres (72 mi) from Roxas City, 158 kilometres (98 mi) from Kalibo, and 97 kilometres (60 mi) from San Jose de Buenavista. The city has a total land area of 70.3 square kilometres (27.1 sq mi).

The city is divided into seven geographical districts. All of the districts were once individual towns, excluding Lapuz, which was a sub-district of La Paz until 2008. All districts have their own town centers complete with a plaza, a Roman Catholic church, a fire station, a police station and a public market. City Proper is a commercial area and the political center of the city and the Province of Iloilo and the Regional Government Center of Western Visayas.

Iloilo City is the center of the only officially recognized metropolitan area in Western Visayas. The metropolitan area is composed of the City of Iloilo, the municipalities of Leganes, Pavia, Santa Barbara, Cabatuan, San Miguel, Oton, the Island Province of Guimaras and its five municipalities, namely – Sibunag, San Lorenzo, Nueva Valencia, Buenavista and Jordan.

Barangays and districts

Main article: Districts of Iloilo City

Iloilo is politically subdivided into 180 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

The city of Iloilo has one legislative district and is further divided into seven administrative districts, which are also subdivided into barangays (barrios), with a total of 180 city barangays.

District Area Population (2020) Density Barangays km sq mi /km /sq mi Arevalo 7.58 2.93 55,476 7,300 19,000 13 (list) City Proper 3.73 1.44 46,350 12,000 31,000 45 (list) Jaro 27.48 10.61 130,700 4,800 12,000 42 (list) La Paz 11.33 4.37 54,720 4,800 12,000 25 (list) Lapuz 3.25 1.25 31,747 9,800 25,000 12 (list) Mandurriao 13.78 5.32 62,240 4,500 12,000 18 (list) Molo 5.54 2.14 76,393 14,000 36,000 25 (list)

Climate

Iloilo City has a tropical wet and dry climate as according to the Köppen climate classification system, with pronounced wet season from June throughout November; then dry season from December to May.

Climate data for Iloilo, Philippines (1961–1990, extremes 1903–2012)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	34.7 (94.5)	35.5 (95.9)	39.0 (102.2)	37.5 (99.5)	37.8 (100.0)	37.5 (99.5)	35.2 (95.4)	34.8 (94.6)	37.8 (100.0)	35.4 (95.7)	34.8 (94.6)	34.5 (94.1)	39.0 (102.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29.7 (85.5)	30.2 (86.4)	31.7 (89.1)	33.1 (91.6)	33.1 (91.6)	31.6 (88.9)	30.7 (87.3)	30.4 (86.7)	30.8 (87.4)	31.1 (88.0)	30.9 (87.6)	30.2 (86.4)	31.1 (88.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	26.1 (79.0)	26.5 (79.7)	27.6 (81.7)	28.9 (84.0)	29.1 (84.4)	28.1 (82.6)	27.6 (81.7)	27.5 (81.5)	27.6 (81.7)	27.7 (81.9)	27.5 (81.5)	26.8 (80.2)	27.6 (81.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	22.7 (72.9)	22.7 (72.9)	23.5 (74.3)	24.6 (76.3)	25.1 (77.2)	24.7 (76.5)	24.4 (75.9)	24.5 (76.1)	24.4 (75.9)	24.2 (75.6)	24.0 (75.2)	23.4 (74.1)	24.0 (75.2)
Record low °C (°F)	16.5 (61.7)	16.7 (62.1)	18.6 (65.5)	20.0 (68.0)	20.2 (68.4)	21.0 (69.8)	19.5 (67.1)	20.0 (68.0)	19.8 (67.6)	19.2 (66.6)	19.4 (66.9)	18.3 (64.9)	16.5 (61.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	39.9 (1.57)	19.1 (0.75)	27.1 (1.07)	47.7 (1.88)	117.9 (4.64)	255.2 (10.05)	313.2 (12.33)	363.7 (14.32)	266.8 (10.50)	264.1 (10.40)	174.8 (6.88)	64.2 (2.53)	1,953.7 (76.92)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)	11	7	7	6	14	18	21	20	19	18	15	14	170
Average relative humidity (%)	82	80	75	73	77	82	85	85	85	84	84	83	81
Source 1: Climate Charts
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (rainy days), PAGASA (records)

Demographics

Population census of Iloilo City

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 52,472 —     1918 77,925 +2.67% 1939 116,277 +1.92% 1948 110,122 −0.60% 1960 151,266 +2.68%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1970 209,738 +3.32% 1975 227,027 +1.60% 1980 244,827 +1.52% 1990 309,505 +2.37% 1995 334,539 +1.47%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 2000 366,391 +1.97% 2007 418,710 +1.86% 2010 424,619 +0.51% 2015 447,992 +1.03% 2020 457,626 +0.42%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Language

Main article: Hiligaynon language

Hiligaynon is the dominant language of Iloilo City. English is used as the language of business and education. In addition, other local languages, such as Karay-a (also known as Kinaray-a or obsolete Haraya), are also spoken by the minority coming from some parts of the province. Spanish, once widely spoken during the colonial era up to the 1980s, is dying out, though a broken Spanish creole is spoken by a few of some Spanish-blood families and elderly sugar barons.

Hiligaynon is spoken in Panay, Guimaras and Negros islands, and is part of the Visayan language family of the Malayo-Polynesian languages. It became the main language of Soccsksargen in Mindanao, where majority of the residents are of Hiligaynon descent. Because Iloilo was a former Spanish colony for 300 years, Hiligaynon is heavily influenced by the Spanish language with a plethora of loaned words (Guerra, Puerta, Golpe, Aguanta, Puerto, Calle, and Edificio, among others). Hiligaynon is mainly concentrated in the provinces of Iloilo, Guimaras and Negros Occidental. The language is referred to as "Ilonggo" (Spanish: Ilongo/Ylongo) in Iloilo and Negros Occidental. More precisely, "Ilonggo" is the ethno-linguistic group referring to the inhabitants of Iloilo and the culture associated with native Hiligaynon speakers. The distinction between the terms, Ilonggo and Hiligaynon, is unclear however, as many townspeople state that Hiligaynon is the language being spoken and Ilonggo is a term used to refer a person living in Iloilo or its associated culture and ethnicity.

Population

Based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH), Iloilo City, a highly urbanized city in the province of Iloilo, posted a total population of 424,619 persons as of May 1, 2010. This is larger by 58,228 persons compared to its total population of 366,391 persons counted in the 2000 CPH. The increase in the population count from 2000 to 2010 translated to an average annual population growth rate (PGR) of 1.49 percent. This is lower than the 1.70 percent annual PGR of the city between the census years 1990 and 2000.

If the average annual PGR recorded at 1.49 percent during the period 2000 to 2010 continues, the population of Iloilo City would double in 47 years.

Forty years ago, the population of Iloilo City was only 209,738 persons. This population size is one-half of the population of the city in the 2010 CPH.

Among the 180 barangays comprising Iloilo City, barangay Calumpang was the most populous. Its population size was 2.6 percent of the total population of the city. San Juan came in second in terms of population size, with 2.3 percent share. This was followed by Balabago and Tabuc Suba (Jaro) with 2.0 percent each, Calaparan and So-oc with 1.9 percent each, Molo Boulevard with 1.8 percent, Santo Niño Sur with 1.7 percent, Cubay and Obrero-Lapuz with 1.6 percent each, and Bolilao with 1.5 percent. The rest of the barangays contributed less than 1.5 percent each.

The least populated barangay was Roxas Village with less than 0.1 percent share to the total population of the city. It was also the least populated barangay in 2000.

Religion

As the second National Shrine in the Visayas and Mindanao (first in Western Visayas and second Marian dedicated church to do so in Visayas and Mindanao), Jaro Metropolitan Cathedral is widely known as the seat of Candelaria devotion in the Philippines and Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas.

Iloilo City is one of the notable centers of faith in the Philippines. Due to the heavy religions missions during the 300 years of Spanish colonialization, the city's population is predominant Catholic with over 90% belonging to the Roman Catholic Church. Other religious minorities such as Protestants (5%), Iglesia ni Cristo (2%) and Aglipayans (1%) (also a form of Episcopal Anglo-Catholicism) have a significant presence at the city.

The former city of Jaro (one of the present districts (boroughs) of Iloilo City) is the seat of bishopric and pioneer Christian institutions not only in Western Visayas but in the whole Philippines established through the Spanish colonization. The Spaniards which brought the Catholic faith established the Roman Catholic metropolitan see of the Archdiocese of Jaro with its diocesan cathedral while the Americans which brought the Protestantism established the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches (the first and oldest Baptist churches organization in the Philippines), the Jaro Evangelical Church (the first Baptist church in the Philippine islands), and Jaro Adventist Center (first organized Adventist church in the Philippines).

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese is one of the oldest and largest bishopric sees in the country. It was established as a parish in 1587 initially covering Catmon, Cabatuan and Maasin. It was created a diocese by virtue of a papal bull of Pope Pius IX on May 27, 1865. It has jurisdiction over sufragan bishops of Mindoro, Palawan, Zamboanga, the province of Iloilo, Negros Oriental, Guimaras, San Jose de Buenavista, Capiz, Bacolod, San Carlos and Kabankalan in Negros Occidental.

It lost some of its territory to establish the Diocese of Zamboanga and Apostolic Prefecture of Palawan. Much later, three other ecclesiastical jurisdictions were established from parts of its territory: Diocese of Bacolod (July 15, 1932), Apostolic Prefecture of Mindoro (July 2, 1936), and Diocese of Capiz (January 27, 1951). The diocese was elevated into a Metropolitan Archdiocese by Pope Pius XII. Later, on March 24, 1962, it lost further some of its territory that resulted to the establishment the Territorial Prelature of San Jose de Antique (but still a part of it at present).

The Jaro Cathedral (National Shrine of the Our Lady of Candles) is the seat of the Archdiocese of Jaro. Saint Elizabeth of Hungary and the Our Lady of Candles is the official Catholic patronesses of the Archdiocese. The Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria or Our Lady of the Candles is the official patron of the whole Western Visayas and Romblon.

Being designated as a National Shrine, Jaro Cathedral is likewise widely known as the seat of Roman Catholicism in Western Visayas. The said designation (National Shrine) by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines is the first of its kind in the region, the second in the Visayas (after Cebu), and the first Marian-dedicated church outside of Luzon.

Protestantism formed as the second-largest faith in the City of Iloilo. Protestant sects were brought by the Americans when the Philippines was ceded to American rule by Spain through the 1898 Treaty of Paris.

The said faith brought by the United States in the heavily Roman Catholic Iloilo has gained adherents and still continues to grow at present. Iloilo which is one of the pioneering places in the country where Protestants set foot strongly contributed due to its economic importance on the international scene in the early 1900s. The American colonial government tolerated religious freedom that even to this day Iloilo is still predominantly Catholic.

Presbyterians and Baptists are among the first Protestant sects that arrived in Iloilo. The arrival of the American Protestant denominations resulted in the establishment of notable pioneering institutions in Iloilo. The Presbyterians established the Iloilo Mission Hospital in 1901 (the first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines) while Baptists established the American John D. Rockefeller-funded Central Philippine University in 1905 (the first Baptist and second American university in the Philippines and in Asia), Jaro Evangelical Church in 1900 (the first Baptist church in the Philippines and also the first Protestant church outside Manila (2nd in the Philippines after the Central United Methodist Church in Manila), and the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches (the first and oldest Baptist churches organized in the Philippines).

The Seventh-day Adventists did not join the comity agreement with the early Protestant sects for jurisdictional division on the Philippine islands for missionary works, because they wanted to go to any parts of the country. They arrived years later following the advent of Protestant missions in the Philippines in the early 1900s in Iloilo. Their arrival resulted in the founding of Jaro Adventist Center, the first organized Seventh-day Adventist church outside Manila.

There are other Christian sects, such as Iglesia ni Cristo and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and communities of non-Christian sects such as Islam brought by Muslim-Filipinos from the south, Sikhism by the Indian immigrants, and Taoism and Buddhism brought by Chinese immigrants.

Economy

Poverty incidence of Iloilo City

2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 2006 4.90 2009 7.57 2012 5.98 2015 13.51 2018 3.48 2021 3.30 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Panoramic view of Iloilo City's downtown area in Iloilo City Proper

Iloilo City has the second-largest economy in the Visayas, after Cebu City, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of ₱145.05 billion in 2022. It is the hub for trade, commerce, finance, technology, medical tourism, hospitality, real estate, tourism, education, and industry in the Western Visayas region. Major industries in the city include management of port facilities, telecommunications infrastructure and utilities, banking and finance, retail trading, real estate, tourism and business process outsourcing. The local government has provided incentives to businesses in certain investment areas, such as income tax holidays and free issuance of permits and licenses. It is the home of Mang Inasal, headquartered in Iloilo.

During the Spanish colonial period, sugar was the main export product of Iloilo. The said industry brought immense wealth to the city alongside when its port was opened to the international trade. As a result, known and old-rich families' wealth was propelled by sugarcane plantations. It yielded affluent clans that are known in the region and the country up to today, which originated in Iloilo—Lacson, Locsin, Ledesma, Montinola, Lopez, to name a few. After World War II, the sugar industry in Iloilo waned, and the importance of the city as the second most important economic center next to Manila diminished.

It was in the 21st century that its economic rebounded, led in particular by the opening of the Iloilo International Airport in 2007, which replaced the old Iloilo Airport in Mandurriao. The Iloilo International Airport is the fifth busiest airport in the country. The acquisition of the old airport after it was decommissioned and the construction of a business park on its site by the real estate giant Megaworld Corporation, became a catalyst for some land developers to invest in Iloilo.

Skyline view of Iloilo City's midtown area in Mandurriao district

As an economic hub in the Western Visayas region, the metropolis leads the Western Visayas region as the city with the most bank savings deposits and accounts (third in the Philippines); the Port of Iloilo, which is one of the historical ports in the Philippine islands, is now one of the busiest ports and natural harbors in the country by terms of passenger movement and cargo handling. Iloilo City has the lowest crime rate in the Philippines, the lowest level of corruption, the highest life expectancy in Visayas and Mindanao, a large concentration of middle class, ranks first in the happiness index, and the most business-friendly city.

Trade and industry

There were 8,407 business establishments as of December 2003 in Iloilo City, of which 1,182 are new. Total capital investments for new business establishments is P365,506,020.92. However, both new and renewed capital investments for the year 2003 amounted to ₱13.02 billion. Of the employed person by type of industry from primary occupation 82% belongs to service sector, 14% belongs industry sector and only 4% are in agriculture (as of April 2003 FIES, NSO). Average annual family income (at current prices) is P 283,604 or a percentage increase of 32.3 between 1994 and 1997 while Average Annual Family Expenditures is P 226,887 or a 25.6% increase (2000 FIES).

Average per Capita Income is P 65,136 and Average Per Capita Expenditures is P 51,557 (FIES 2000). Average Inflation Rate is 3.2, the Average Purchasing Power of the Peso is 0.62 and the Average Consumer Price Index (CPI) is 162.6 in 2003. (Source: NSO, Prices Section).

Banking and finance

The banking industry in Iloilo dates back during the Spanish times. The establishment of banks during that time was the result of the sugar-boom and Iloilo's importance as an international gateway when its port was open for foreign ships. The first Banco Español-Filipino (now Bank of the Philippines), opened its first branch outside of Manila in Iloilo. The first Philippine National Bank branch outside Manila also opened in the city. With that, there are also international banks implying the city's importance in banking history in the Philippines, that opened in Iloilo during Spanish-American times that ceased their operations in the city: the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), first HSBC branch outside Manila; and Standard Chartered (first Standard Chartered Bank branch outside Manila).

At present, Iloilo ranks 3rd in the country as the city with most deposits or savings account, fueled by OFW remittances, IT-BPO industry, and the local industries. The surge of microfinancial and other lending institutions in the city has also sprouted. It is the headquarters of LifeBank MFI, the Iloilo's largest homegrown microfinancial institution (3rd largest microfinancial institution in the country) with ~500 branches across the Philippines.

Queen City Development Bank (QueenBank) which is owned by the Florete Group, is one of the founding member of Megalink (the first bank outside of Manila to become a member of it) has its headquarters and 1st branch in Iloilo City.

Tourism

As a gateway to the Western Visayan region, tourism plays a major part as a catalyst in contributing to Iloilo City's economy. The metropolis hosts notable festivals which entice thousands of tourists annually especially during the Dinagyang, Kasadyahan, Paraw Regatta (Asia's oldest sailing event), and Fiesta de Candelaria festivals seasons. Iloilo City's bannered monickers like "City of Love" and "City of Mansions" and intensified local government's programs such as beautification of major thoroughfares in the city and building of parks, has played a role in attracting local and foreign visitors also. There are myriad of selections of attractions in the city that tourists can visit – heritage landmarks, museums, art galleries, parks, and restaurants, to name a few. Nightlife in the metro with Smallville Complex as the mecca for party-goers is flocked by revellers every night especially on Friday and weekends.

A well known Philippine heritage city built during the Spanish era, heritage tourism adds also to the city's charm which magnets visitors. Centuries old churches, old edifices and mansions of well known Ilonggo families, magnets sightseers from different places who wants to discover Iloilo City's rich and glorious past. Iloilo City is also respected gastronomic capital with famous dishes originated in the area that gained popularity throughout the country – La Paz Batchoy, Pancit Molo, Kansi, Laswa, KBL (Kadyos, Baboy kag Langka), Chicken Inasal, Tinuom, and KMU (Kadyos, manok, kag ubad).

In 2018 alone, Iloilo City attracted the highest tourist arrivals in Western Visayas, posting 1,242,087 total arrivals, including 1,154,550 domestic visitors, 70,787 foreign guests, and 16,750 overseas workers. Following in 2019, it garnered an 11.59% increase in the previous year's data. In 2020, the city again achieved its target with 1.4 million arrivals.

Information technology

The IT-BPO and KPO industry has spurred employment in the metropolis. IT-BPO and KPO locators are attracted to Iloilo because of the literacy rate and the number of graduates per year. With continuous influx of business process outsourcing (BPO) and knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) industry, Iloilo has fast becoming a "Silicon Valley" backed by its political leaders. BPO investors are attracted to Iloilo due to stable energy source, availability of building spaces, high number of graduates and English Proficiency.

Megaworld's Iloilo Business Park – One Global Center, Two Global Center, and Three Techno Place are Iloilo operation sites of Transcom Asia, StarTek, WNS Global and Convergent powered by Nearsol, respectively. While Richmonde Tower is where Reed Elsevier is operates. Other IT-BPO and KPO locators are Callbox (the largest homegrown IT-BPO company in Iloilo), Fair Trade Outsourcing (a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. based IT & BPM/BPO company), Telus International, Legato Health Technologies (now Carelon Global Solutions), Asurion, Conectys, TeleTech Holdings, Inc., Crawford & Company, Savant Technologies (A non-voice KPO and BPO company), Eversun Philippines (a non voice KPO and BPO), Reed Elsevier, SPI-Global (Now Inspiro), Sagility, WorldSource Inc., Vista Health Solutions, Xilium Professional Services, WNS, Hinduja Global Solutions, iXL Solution, RS2, Prosync (Process Synergy), Trusttel Customer Care, OneVirtual Global Business Solutions, Medrisk, Bluu Qatar Philippines, POWRD Solutions, iQor Iloilo, Accentline, Voiceless Technologies (Now Leadgen), Atento, HealthyBOS, XtendOps (Extend BPO), and Yazaki-Philippine EDS Techno Service.

Fair Trade Outsourcing (FTO), a United States based IT-BPO company headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, opened its first global site in Iloilo (now its Philippine operations headquarters) in October 2015 as MODph. It was renamed Rethink Staffing in August 2016 and eventually to its present name in February 2018, Fair Trade Outsourcing. It opened two more sites in the metro.

The Department of Science and Technology-Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-ICTO) and Business Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP) has named Iloilo City one of the next wave cities.

Iloilo City is a "City of Excellence" as it rivals the cities of Manila and Cebu in terms of economic progress. It has also a number of IT/BPO and KPO centers except for the ones in Iloilo Business Park, and among them is the Ayala Techno Hub Iloilo, Amigo Plaza Mall, SM Strata, and Plazuela de Iloilo.

Some of the known IT/BPO centers in Iloilo Business Park, both by Megaworld Corporation while the Iloilo City Center by the Gaisano Group has business process outsourcing (BPO) office buildings undergoing construction for future IT-BPO and KPO locators occupancy.

Shopping and retail

Main articles: SM City Iloilo, Festive Walk Mall, Gaisano Capital, and Robinsons Malls

As the shopping hub of Western Visayas, retail industry has a big relevant presence in Iloilo City since Spanish and American colonial times. Proliferated after Philippines gained Independence from United States of America.

In 1877, the first department store in the Philippines was Hoskyn's Department Store started at Calle Real which stretches from Plaza Libertad to Plazoleta Gay. It was first to employ the "fixed pricing" for its commodities in merchandising. Since it was "the store that sold everything from needle to anchor", people of Iloilo and even Bacolod flocked buying from its goods such as English wool imported from England. It offered groceries, hardware, stationery, toys, watches, jewelry, machinery, buttons, threads, etc. It was described as "a great store" and "the best in the islands", Dauncey recounted how she bought "pieces of furniture, some groceries, china, glass, and so forth" from Hoskyn's "at low prices, as they have such an immense business, even being able to compete with the shops in Manila..." by Enid Rolanda Dauncey, wife of Iloilo-based British businessman Campbell Dauncey, in her 1906 memoirs "An Englishwoman in the Philippines". "It has long been a commercial landmark in the Bisayas, people call on it for everything and always get what they want," incorporated in 1925. After the World War II, Que Family acquired Hoskyns and renamed it to " Washington Commercial " as their second store. They have "Washington Grocery" in Iznart Street. Subsequently, it was renamed Washington Supermart.

Marymart Shopping Center opened in 1972 in called Weyler (renamed later as Valeria (Ledesma), owner of the land) by Jamora Brothers. Henry Sy purchased land an adjacent lot in Valeria and founded the SM Iloilo now called SM Delgado, is the first SM outside Manila, which started operating in 1979 while Cebu only opened 14 years after in 1993 and Bacolod in 2007. In 1993, Jimenez family sold their property and Atrium Shopping Center was opened beside Caza Plaza Hotel. It was first shopping center to have a combination of hotel, restobar, Saloon, Supermarket and Restaurants in the whole Philippines.

With the growing demand of consumerism and real estate, Philippine companies such as – SM Prime Holdings, Robinsons Land Corporation, Megaworld Corporation, and Ayala has fueled the popularity of mall culture in Iloilo.

Malls or shopping centers in the city include the SM City Iloilo by SM Prime Holdings, the largest SM Supermall in Western Visayas (one of the largest in the Philippines); Robinsons Place Iloilo and Robinsons Place Jaro – both by Robinsons Land Corporation; Gaisano Capital Iloilo, The Atrium Mall, Gaisano ICC Mall, and by Megaworld Corporation's – Festive Walk Iloilo, the first (full-scale) Megaworld Lifestyle Mall outside Luzon and Festive Walk Parade, the longest dining strip in the Philippines.

Community malls in the city include the CityMall - Tagbak, Jaro & CityMall - Parola, Iloilo by Double Dragon Properties; Jaro Town Square & SM Savemore Jaro I by SM Prime Holdings; GT Mall Molo ; The Shops At Atria by Ayala Malls.

Upcoming shopping centers in the metropolis include the SM City Jaro in SM Prime Holdings 48-hectare property in Balabago, Jaro, Iloilo City (which include hotel and condominium components); and the Sta. Lucia Mall in Sta. Lucia Land's Green Meadows East Township in Tacas, Jaro, Iloilo City; and another community open-air mall of Ayala Land - the Atria Gardens in Atria Park District in San Rafael, Mandurriao, Iloilo City.

Government

Iloilo City is the regional capital of Western Visayas region and the provincial capital of Iloilo province. It is one of the important economic centers in the Philippines and regional and provincial offices of national government agencies has offices in the city. It is classified as a first income class and highly urbanized city (HUC). Due to such status and classification, it is independent from the province of Iloilo, thus its citizens does not have the power to elect for political provincial officials.

The city's actual existence dates back to its founding in 1566 through a settlement established by the Spaniards in the areas of Oton and Villa de Arevalo and received its cityhood status thrice – first on October 5, 1889 (effectivity in 1890) through a Spanish royal decree issued by the Queen Regent of Spain, Maria Christina, secondly in 1893 through a legal declaration by the virtue of Bacura/Becerra Law ratifying the first royal decree and establishing the city government of Iloilo, and the third through a virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 158 on July 16, 1937, formally inaugurated on August 25, 1937, as a chartered city, by consolidating the existing City of Iloilo with the towns of Arevalo, Mandurriao, Molo, and La Paz, while the City of Jaro was officially annexed on January 7, 1941, through the virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 604 of August 22, 1940, issued by President Manuel L. Quezon. By such decrees, the City of Iloilo is the first legal city in the Philippines because no law ratifies and established by the government that creates and enacts an edict declaring or elevating a town into a status of a city during Spanish and early American colonial periods.

The city acquired its royal title "La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad" (The Most Loyal and Noble City) on March 1, 1898, given by Queen Regent Maria Christina of Spain due to the loyalty stand by the Ilonggos to the Spanish crown during the Philippine war of independence. It is likewise one of the few Spanish Royal Cities in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines.

The Mayor of Iloilo City (Alcalde) is the chief executive and is assisted by the vice mayor (vice-alcalde) which governs the city. The city is also represented by a congressman in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Iloilo City Council (Filipino: Sangguniang Panglungsod ng Iloilo and Spanish: Consejo de Ciudad de Iloilo) is the local legislative assembly. Its 15-member council is elected concurrently with general elections, held at the same time with the national elections including for the city and vice mayors. The Council convenes every month at the Iloilo City Hall (Ayuntamiento de Iloílo), and the meetings are open to the public. The matters on which the councillors decide have generally already been drafted and discussed by various boards and committees.

Iloilo city is sub-divided into 180 barangays or "barrios" each govern by a Barangay Captain or Chairman held through a national barangay election.

In 1955, through the efforts for a liberal appointing of a new city mayor, Rodolfo Ganzon became the first mayor that won through a popular election process. Ganzon is widely remembered by his constituents for having authored and sponsored the Iloilo City Freedom Law which restored to the people of Jaro, La Paz, Molo, Arevalo, Manduriao and Iloilo City proper their constitutional right to elect their own mayor, vice mayor and 10 councilors.

City Government of Iloilo
Mayor
	Jerry P. Treñas (NUP)
Vice Mayor
	Jeffrey P. Ganzon (NUP)
Sangguniang Panglungsod Members
	Sedfrey L. Cabaluna (NUP)			Rex Marcus B. Sarabia (NUP)
	Jose Maria Miguel S. Treñas (NUP)			Candice Magdalane A. Tupas (LDP)
	Alan Acepcion Zaldivar (NUP)			Johnny Y. Young (NUP)
	Frances Grace V. Parcon-Torres (NUP)			Romel D. Duron (NUP)
	Urminico M. Baronda Jr. (NUP)			Ely A. Estante Jr. (NUP)
	Rudolph Jeffrey O. Ganzon (NUP)			Plaridel C. Nava (PROMDI)
ABC President
vacant
SK Federation President
vacant

Culture

Cultures and traditions has a crucial role that shaped Iloilo's cultural and heritage sphere apart from the being the Regional Center of the Western Visayas region. Cultural and heritage consciousness is held in much broad public attention and fervor among the various stakeholders with the help of the government. Iloilo holds many cultural institutions especially national ones and heritage houses and mansions that contributed to Iloilo's long held monikers as "Museum City of the Philippines" and the "City of Mansions."

Museums

The city has a number of museums ranging from fields of ancient and contemporary art, cultural and economic history to science. Museums and art galleries are the repositories of Iloilo's rich and glorious history and culture. Various notable Philippine artists trace their roots from Iloilo. Unearthed artifacts like potteries, porcelain, gold and plates had been excavated in many parts of Iloilo predating Spanish Era are now showcased in various museums in Iloilo.

Collaborative efforts of the city government with various stakeholders to uplift the cultural cognizance of the Ilonggo people led to the establishment of the Western Visayas Regional Museum of the National Museum of the Philippines in the restored and adoptive reuse of old Iloilo Provincial Jail and their regional headquarters in the restored old Municipio de Jaro (Jaro Municipal Hall). There are other museums that showcase memorabilias of notable person and families, artworks and artifacts.

The other notable museums and art galleries in the city in which some are under some academic institutions which include the Museo Iloilo (the first government built museum outside Manila); Museum of Philippine Economic History; Iloilo Museum of Contemporary Art (housed at the Casa de Emperador at Iloilo Business Park); The Henry Luce III (Museum and Library) of Central Philippine University, University of San Agustin Museum, UPV Art Gallery, John B. Lacson Foundation Museum of Maritime Culture and Craft, Rosendo Mejica Museum, among others.

The Iloilo Museum of Contemporary Art (ILOMOCA), the first museum project of the property giant Megaworld Corporation, is the first museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art in Visayas and Mindanao. The museum of 3,000 square meters of space is housed at the Casa de Emperador which includes five exhibit rooms and souvenir and merchandise shop. The ground floor is The Hulot Exhibit which showcase exhibits of local and international artists. Works by international artists like Salvador Dalí, Marc Chagall, and Joan Miró are exhibit in some of its art collections.

The Museum of Philippine Economic History, the first economic history museum in the Philippines, has a wide array of exhibits and collections showcasing the economic history of the Philippine throughout the different colonial eras. The structure, restored by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines and where the museum is housed is formerly owned by one of the country's biggest trading firms, the Ynchausti y Compania, of the Familia Ynchausti. The firm's name was synonymous with its products like Yco Floor Wax, Tanduay and Yco Paints. The museum has 13 galleries throughout the 2 storey structure.

The location of the Museum of Philippine Economic History in Iloilo City is due to the city and province being called the Queen City of the South during the Spanish and early American colonial era because of its economic importance next to Manila.

Other than the hundred decades-old artifacts and items on display at the Philippine Museum of Economic History, visitors can find in the museum looms from the oldest weavers of Miag-ao in Iloilo, which was known then as the Textile Capital of the Philippines, and also showcases artifacts coming from other regions such as T'nalak from Mindanao and decades-old gold, necklace and other accessories from Pampanga; old photographs and maps, and other interesting remnants of the past.

The Henry Luce III (Library and Museum) on Central Philippine University's main campus which was built through a benevolent grant given by the Henry Luce Foundation though Henry Luce III, the eldest son of the founder of Time Inc. Henry Luce. It holds an array of special museum collections categorized into various sections and types of collections – Meyer Asian Collection, the Elizabeth Knox Sacred Music Collection, rare collections of Second World War documents, Asian archaeological artifacts and historical exhibits, and artworks from known artists. A Henry Luce III (the main library of CPU Library system) sole book holding implies it as the largest library in the Western Visayas region.

Iloilo City's second UNESCO inscription under the UNESCO Memory of World Register, through the Hinilawod Epic Chant Recordings, is located at the Henry Luce III Library of Central Philippine University.

Festivals

The Ilonggos cultural identity is deeply rooted and influenced by the Hispanic culture. Iloilo is known as Festival(s) Capital of the Philippines with various festivals in the country celebrated in the city showcasing the city's cultural and historical past. Iloilo is highlighted with various festivals in which big three is Dinagyang Festival – held every fourth Sunday of January in honor of the Holy Child Jesus (Santo Niño de Jesus) in a venerated image of Santo Niño de Cebu. Kasadyahan Festival, which held every fourth Saturday of January or the day before the highlight of the Dinagyang Festival, is a festival competition showcasing various festivals from different places in the region.

The Jaro Fiesta (Fiesta de Jaro) or Fiesta de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (Fiesta de Candelaria) which is held every February 2 in honor of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (Virgin of Candelaria) the patron of Western Visayas and Romblon, is the largest marian dedicated festival outside Luzon.

Jaro Fiesta is famous for its pomp and pageantry. The fiesta chooses its annual Reyna del Fiesta de Jaro or Jaro Carnival Queen from among the maiden member of prominent and notable old-rich Spanish-Filipino or wealthy families of the town. The annual fiesta includes a cockfighting held during the fiesta day (largest cockfighting competition in the Philippines) at the Iloilo Coliseum and an agro-industrial and charity fair in Plaza Jaro which starts from September and a week after the fiesta day.

Iloilo with its number of mainland Chinese expatriates who came for trading and settled in the city hundreds of years ago, celebrates the annual Iloilo Chinese Lunar New Year. It is considered as the largest Chinese New Year celebration outside Binondo, Manila, the oldest Chinatown in the world.

In contrast with the city's celebration of the annual Chinese New Year, Iloilo with the advent of Chinese settlers before or during the Spanish Colonial period, settled in what is now the Molo District or Parian, a town established for Sangleyes or Chinese Ilonggos by the Spanish colonial government. Though only a town where Chinese people were organized to settle, Molo is considered as second-oldest Chinatown after Binondo, Manila.

During the holiday season after the all saints (Dia de Todos Los Santos) and all souls days (Dia de los Muertos), various landmarks such as schools are adorned with yuletide lights spectacles. Flocked during its opening night in the first week of December by thousands of spectators, the annual Festival of Lights and Music at Central on the campus of Central Philippine University is the longest running university based Christmas festival of lights in the Western Visayas region since 1991. Trees, major edifices, and places of interests like the CPU Church on the university's 24 hectare main campus in Jaro, Iloilo City are festooned with holiday lights and displays of Christmas icons like Santa Claus, Nativity Scene, and Pasko sa Nayon. It is opened to the public until every January 6 of the next year. Carnival rides, a Christmas Bazaar and food stalls are also found catering to the tourists visiting the campus of the university in the said event.

Paraw Regatta, which is also one of the main festivals of Iloilo and held every February, is the sailing event in Asia (oldest traditional boat sailing event in Asia). The festivities during the said festival includes Samba de Regatta, Miss Paraw Regatta pageant, Lighted Paraw and the annual Paraw Regatta sailing competition held in La Villa Rica de Arevalo (Villa de Arevalo)

In thrive for the city's endeavor as the Art Capital of the Philippines, the Iloilo Summer Arts Festival was launched in 2020 which runs from April to May. The latest addition to such venture is the Iloilo Arts Festival which opened in December 2021. It is a nearly a month long event showcasing the best of Ilonggo artistry in visual arts exhibited in notable city museums and performing arts in theaters across the metropolis.

Public arts

The local government has initiated efforts to promote the city as the "Art Capital of the Philippines". It has established several programs through the help of local artists like turning the blank and public spaces in the metropolis as canvasses for murals and paintings depicting the city's rich history and culture.

A fine example of this is the 3D Mural depicting the Dinagyang warriors dancing in the street in Iloilo River Esplanade 1. Real estate developers also play a role in supporting such programs by rolling out plans to elevate the cultural consciousness of the Ilonggos through public art displays and mural paintings.

Entertainment, film and performing arts

The colonial influence of Spanish and American culture has created an imprint in the entertainment, performing arts, and film sectors and scenes in Iloilo. The city and province has produced a notable people in the field of cinema and entertainment. The arts and entertainment sectors in Iloilo flourished during the time when Iloilo was opened to international trade when the Puerto de Iloilo (Port of Iloilo) was opened to foreign ships to dock from different countries. The annual Iloilo Film Festival, which is held during the Dinagyang Festival, has a plethora of films being screened during the festival's event.

The Iloilo Convention Center is a state-of-the-art convention center located in the Iloilo Business Park by Megaworld Corporation in Mandurriao. Its construction was completed in September 2015 in time for the APEC 2015. It is a two-story structure with a total floor area of 11,832 square meters (127,358 square feet). The main hall on the ground floor has a 3,700-seat capacity and 500-seat function rooms on the second floor. A rooftop of 1,500 square meters (16,145 square feet) is available for outdoor functions.

The convention center was designed by Ilonggo architect William Coscolluela. The design was inspired by Iloilo's Dinagyang and Paraw Regatta festivals.

Iloilo has various facilities also for international and local musical, band, and solo performances or concerts. Rose Memorial Auditorium or Rose on Central Philippine University's main campus is the largest and notable auditorium or theater Western Visayas region. It hosted concerts held by famous Filipino and international singers, bands and cultural groups and is also the venue of the annual national Bombo Music Festival that draws homegrown music artists from all over the Philippines.

The auditorium is a 2-storey structure and can occupy or has a maximum capacity of 4,000+ spectators. Rose Memorial along with Central Philippine University has been and is the only theater/auditorium and university in the Western Visayas region that has been designated (one of the first batch of nine) Cultural Center of the Philippines Regional Art Centers (or Kaisa sa Sining Regional Art Centers) in 2014 in the whole Philippines.

There had been old cinema theaters in the old central business district of Calle Real, but they do not now operate because of the development of modern shopping malls with cinemas in the metropolis which replaced their once and glorious days in the heritage zone of Calle Real in the city center. Modern day cinemas in the metropolis screens with a wide array of present-day films both national and from foreign countries. The arts and entertainment initiatives with the Film Development Council of the Philippines under the office of the Philippine President city has established its presence in the city as the regional cultural and arts center of Western Visayas through the establishment of Cinematheque theater which showcases various screened films.

Cultural representations in the perspective of performing and visual arts holds numerous concerts throughout the year with some showcased by universities cultural groups and organizations in the city.

University's in Iloilo on the other hand, has a vital role with various established cultural and art groups that gain foothold that held and performed in various cultural performances nationally and internationally in which some are sponsored National Cultural government agencies. The University of San Agustin has established the USA Troubadours while Central Philippine University the CPU Bahandi Singers, CPU Handbell Choir (the first 8 octave handbell choir in the Philippines) and the CPU Sari-Saot Dance Troupe.

Cuisine

With Iloilo being hailed as the Food Haven of the Philippines, its local cuisines are well-loved and recognized by many Filipinos across the country, including from different parts of the world. The City of Iloilo is the first UNESCO Creative Cities Network in Gastronomy in the country owing to its diverse array of traditional and modernized cuisines that has gained foothold across the country. Food in Iloilo is a blend of east-and-west due to the contact of locals with the foreign cultures because of Iloilo's central most location and one of the most important port cities in the Philippines. The three hundred years of Spanish influence in the Iloilo's culture left a heavy imprint in the Ilonggo cuisine that resulted to the cuisines that are the same with other Hispanic influenced countries like Menudo, Afritada, Lechon, Adobo, Estofado, among others. Because of Ilonggos roots as Asians, rice is a staple diet food, and is usually served plain with other dishes.

The city is famous for dishes like La Paz Batchoy, Pancit Molo, Kansi, Kadyos, Baboy, kag Langka (KBL), Kadyos, Manok, kag Ubad, Tinuom nga Manok, Inasal nga Manok (Chicken Inasal), and Kilawin.

The city has a variety of restaurants specialized in serving foreign cuisines (Italian, American, Japanese, Chinese, Vietnamese, German, and Thai cuisines). The rise of international and luxury hotels brought high-end buffet and exclusive dining experience to tourists and locals.

Chinese influenced played also a vital role in influencing the Ilonggo cuisine and because of it, famous dishes like the La Paz Batchoy and Pancit Molo born-out because of such influence which became well known throughout the Philippines that originated from Iloilo.

Iloilo has also been the founding location of the first branch of Mang Inasal fast-food chain of restaurants in the country. It was founded by Edgar Sia, a Japanese-Chinese-Filipino businessman in 2003 and has expanded with its opening of branches throughout the Philippines.

La Paz Batchoy is one of Iloilo's signature dishes, a delicacy served in restaurants all over Iloilo City. The said noodle soup is made with miki, (round noodles), pork organs (liver, spleen, kidneys and heart), chicken stock, beef loin, shrimp stock, and garnished with chicharon (pork cracklings). When served with a bowl of batchoy, most Ilonggos would finish the kaldo (broth) first. It is customary to request additional refills of kaldo before finishing the meal.

The Spanish influence brought baking techniques to the locals which established century-old notable baking institutions in which Iloilo is famous for – Panaderia ni Paa (founded in the 1900s) and Deocampo: The Original Barquillos (Los Barquillos Originales) (founded in the 1800s) are both located in Jaro and Panaderia de Molo (founded in the 1800s) in Molo. Sweet delicacies like Biscocho and Barquillos are one of the innumerable influences of the Spaniards. Barquillos is a thin rolled cookies while Biscocho is a hardened baked sliced bread with milk and margarine. In the whole archipelago of the Philippines, Iloilo stands out for serving the first and most popular barquillos and biscocho.

Media

See also: List of television and radio stations in Iloilo City

The city and the province of Iloilo is served by mostly tabloid-type English newspapers such as Panay News, The Daily Guardian, News Express, and Sunstar Iloilo. Hublas of Panay News is the sole Hiligaynon tabloid newspaper. Iloilo has a glossy full color lifestyle magazine named Cream Magazine published monthly since 1989.

Iloilo City is the main headquarters of Bombo Radyo Philippines, which owns Bombo Radio AM stations and Star FM stations across the country. Being the urban center of the province, most of the AM and FM radio stations serve the province of Iloilo and Guimaras, mostly local stations of national radio stations.

Television arrived in the city in 1964 when DYAF-TV began airing, serving Iloilo City and the neighboring towns in the province. In 1998, with the frequency transfer to Channel 10, ABS-CBN separated its news team from the Bacolod news team and launched TV Patrol Iloilo (today TV Patrol Panay). In 1967, TV-6 Iloilo (a TV5 affiliate) stated its initial broadcast in Jaro, Iloilo City. By 1974 it changed its affiliation to GMA Network as their local television station. The channel started upgrading its facilities and relocated their TV tower to Guimaras and began serving Iloilo City, Panay and Guimaras, as well as some parts of Negros Occidental in 1998. Studio 23 Iloilo (UHF 38) (changed its name to ABS-CBN Sports and Action on January 18, 2014) initiated its broadcast in 1999. The government television station, PTV (VHF 2) in 1992 and IBC (VHF 12) in 1977 are also broadcasting local programs for Iloilo. In the first quarter of 2010, QTV-28 Iloilo (UHF 28) (changed its name to GMA News TV on February 28, 2011) and UNTV-42 (UHF 42) commenced operations in the city. In second quarter of 2012, TV5 Iloilo (UHF 36) and AksyonTV Iloilo (UHF 46) commenced operation, serving the southern part of Western Visayas that includes southern Panay, Iloilo City and Guimaras, also formerly, Negros Occidental, and at the same time started its News5 team coverage. In 1995, RMN launch a UHF TV CTV (Cinema Television) and Iloilo UHF 26 was born. It started its initial broadcast with limited coverage area. In 1997, RMN 26 rebrand to E! Philippines with general entertainment format. But in 2003, RMN cease it operations. Until BEAM an affiliate of RMN return to test broadcast on July 3, 2010, and rebrand to BEAM TV. In 2012, BEAM TV 26 relocate its transmitter to Jordan, Guimaras from RMN Broadcast Center in Lapaz, Iloilo City, and increase its transmitting power from 500 watts to current power 5,000watts in analog and during that time also initial broadcast its digital terrestrial television at UHF 42 with the power of 1,000 watts.

Cityscape

See also: List of tallest buildings in Iloilo

The city's modern-day appearance is shaped by the key role it has played as a trading hub for centuries. Iloilo City has a multitude of districts, each with its distinctive character and representing colonial influence. Iloilo's other distinctive features include its cityscape surrounded with water features such as rivers and is bounded by a sea; bicycle paths and ornamental trees that line most city streets; and its many open spaces, gardens and parks.

Iloilo spreads out with its location in a plain land in south eastern side of Panay Island. It is bounded in the south east side by Iloilo-Guimaras Strait and Guimaras Island which makes the city as a natural harbor for ships. The two main rivers of Iloilo and Batiano snakes through the city and empties out of the Iloilo-Guimaras Strait.

Iloilo is a conglomerate of former separate towns which includes the former city of Jaro established during the Spanish colonial times, thus the layout of the towns civic centers follows a typical Spanish colonial town center composed of a Plaza (Public Square), church, municipal hall and other religious, academic and government instrumentalities offices. A modern development is clustered in an organized form in the city's premises but is strongly concentrated in the Mandurriao district to protect the city's initiatives in protecting the city's skyline, heritage zones and environment. Present modern developments spread out outside the city in neighboring towns that are a part of Metropolitan Iloilo.

Architecture

Iloilo City's urban planning and architecture reflect the plans of the Spanish and the American colonial administrations. Since Iloilo City is a conglomeration of towns, the districts have their own plazas which are surrounded by establishments of political and ecclesiastical influence, such as churches and old administrative halls. In 1930, Juan M. Arellano of the Bureau of Public Works designed the schematic plan for Iloilo City, which was influenced by Ebenezer Howard's "Garden City."

The Spanish colonial influence is strongly imprinted not only in Iloilo's history and cultural background but also the architectural perspective.

The city's regaled status during the Spanish colonial era until the turn of the 20th century is implied during by the sugar boom with ubiquitous stately mansions and edifices built by the old money Ilonggo Sugar Baron and elite families which contrast to the city's economic importance as a second city next to Manila during the said era in the Philippines. The city's other moniker – City of Mansions is likewise implied because Iloilo holds 240 mansions in which 30 of it are grand mansions built during the Spanish and American colonial eras.

The ravaged Fuerte de San Pedro (Fort San Pedro) is Iloilo's ground zero as there was no Iloilo City back in the 1600s. As a fortress, Fort San Pedro was built solely by the Spaniards to protect Iloilo from the marauding pirates and privateers. The fort is the second Spanish built fort after the one in Cebu (also Fort San Pedro) in the Philippines and Asia. The foundation of the Fort San Pedro was substantial to the Spanish Empire's stronghold as Panay Island with Iloilo as their second colonial center established through the Iloilo precursor towns of Oton (1566) and La Villa Rica de Arevalo (1581). Oton which was founded as early as 1566 but formally established in 1572 was the actual second seat of Spanish colonial powers but due to pirate attacks, they moved the capital eastward and established the La Villa Rica de Arevalo.

The town of La Villa Rica de Arevalo holds some of the fine example of Spanish built mansions like the mansion of the Spanish Governor General, but were destroyed when the pirates ransacked and destroyed the town. It was in the said frequent events of pirate attacks that the Spaniards moved finally the capital further eastward in the mouth of Rio de Iloilo (Iloilo River) which is flanked and protected by Guimaras Island across it.

It was in the said establishment of the city on the mouth of Iloilo River that as years go by, the city flourished to its heights especially in the economic and regal importance in the Spanish and American eras. La Villa Rica de Arevalo (Arevalo) is the first Spanish named town in the Philippine islands. It is also in Arevalo that the third oldest image of Holy Child Jesus (Señor Santo Niño) in the Philippines was brought by the Spaniards. Notable present-day structures that are repositories that attest to the town's former glory as a Spanish precursor town of Iloilo is the mansion of Camiña Balay nga Bato and the Convento de Arevalo.

During the Spanish and American eras, the city developed its own unique charm that exudes a typical European city in the east which differed it from other cities just like the old Manila in the Philippines. It was in the said eras that architectural perspective of Iloilo flourished with European styled edifices and stately mansions was built which stands of Iloilo's once economic and political importance in its heyday.

Calle Real (Royal Street) which stretches from Plazoleta Gay up to Plaza Alfonso XII (Plaza Libertad) is Iloilo's Escolta (a heritage street in Manila) lined with commercial edifices that possesses European designs. Calle Real is Iloilo's old Central Business District and is considered as the second-most preserved heritage business district in the Philippines. The street during the Iloilo's economic heyday during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the Puerto de Iloilo (Port of Iloilo) was opened to the international trade is a melting pot and common ground for people of different walks of life, race and color. Stores back then in Calle Real sells luxury goods and items from all over the world.

Iloilo also possesses structures built during the prelude of the American colonial period in the Philippines. Aduana de Iloilo (Iloilo Customs House) and old Iloilo City Hall are notable of the structures built during the said colonial period. Iloilo Customs House, the second-largest customs house after the Aduana in Manila was built the Filipino Architect Juan M. Arellano.

In farther north is the town of Jaro, the largest of all the district of the City of Iloilo. Once a separate city before it merged with the City of Iloilo in the 1940s, is considered as a town of piousness, old rich and grandeur. Many notable Spanish Ilonggos settled and the said area and built their grand mansions and villas. The town's architecture is heavily influenced by the Hispanic and American cultures.

Grand mansions with imposing European styled facades and motifs of Buena Familias or Old-rich families (Spanish-Chinese-Filipino families) of Jaro like the Lopez, Ledesma, Lizares, Jalandoni, Javellana and Locsin families that some of it lines the first millionaire row in the Philippine islands still stands to this day. Two of notable mansions that attest to Jaro's importance as an old rich town that developed out of the sugar boom during the Spanish colonial period is the Mansion de Lopez (Lopez Mansion) or Nelly Garden and the beaux-art styled Villa Lizares (Lizares Mansion) which houses at present the Angelicum School Iloilo of the Dominicans.

Religion is also a crucial factor that influenced Jaro's architectural and town plan perspective as it is the cradle of Christian faith in Western Visayas. The Spanish which brought the Roman Catholic faith established the Jaro Cathedral (National Shrine of the Our Lady Candles) with its separate belfry located across it (one of the few churches in the Philippines with a detached belfry) and the Seminario-Colegio de San Vicente Ferrer (the first institution of Higher Learning in Western Visayas). The advent of American colonialization which brought Protestantism has resulted also to the establishment of institutions.

Fine examples of institutions with edifices possessing American architecture and influence includes the Central Philippine University by the Protestant Baptists in 1905 which holds century-old American colonial-styled edifices, the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches which housed at the European styled former (Rupert) Montinola Mansion in Fajardo, Jaro, and the Jaro Evangelical Church (the first Baptist Church in the Philippine Islands), are among the few of the notable institutions that holds a number of structures that possesses American architectural influence design.

The town of Molo located westward of the "La Punta" (City Proper) is sometimes called "Parian" or Chinese town during the Spanish colonial times. Old rich Molo influential families helped shaped the town's not only economical but political and architectural sphere. The town just like the more Spanish or Mestizo town of Jaro has also a plethora of mansions built by old-rich Chinese-Spanish-Ilonggo Locsin, Lacson, Sayson, Layson and Pison families. The Molo Church "(Iglesia de Santa Ana)" which was built under the supervision of some of the members of notable Molo families like the "Locsins", is the first and only feminist church outside Manila with its imposing façade with gothic influence facing the "Plaza Molo". The "Yusay-Consing" Mansion or Molo Mansion located just across the Plaza Molo and Molo Church was bought by the retail and real estate giant SM Group has been refurbished and restored to its former glory and is now a houses several cultural stores and a mini-museum which exhibits several artworks and native products.

The present economic boom of the 21st century has spurred modern developments across the city. Huge investments of big real estate developers built modern malls and shopping centers, tall and modern edifices and skyscrapers which sprouted up especially in the new city's Central Business Center which occupies a huge land area in the town of Mandurriao. The first tallest skyscraper in Western Visayas, the Injap Tower of the Double Dragon Properties could be found in the area. Hotels and condominiums and tree-lined avenues with jogging and bicycle lanes have also been built during the city's economic renaissance up to the present. The Iloilo's festival inspired iconic Iloilo Convention Center is also located in the Iloilo Business Park.

Sustainability

The city has been a champion in air quality initiatives which further solidified when it won the 2017 Clean Air City Award given by the Clean Air Philippine Movement. The award is given to urban centers and cities whose initiatives in good urban planning is to maintain a good air quality for its citizens to be a more livable and air pollution Philippines cities.

For the second time, Iloilo City has been conferred the Galing Pook Award Archived November 6, 2018, at the Wayback Machine for its entry the Iloilo Batiano River Development Project. The award recognizes best local government practices worthy of replication by other local government units (LGUs).

The city's government continued initiatives to lessen its impact on the global carbon footprint, resulted in enacting of various environmental laws in the metropolis such as banning of plastic straws in the city, strict compliance of establishments along the stretch of Iloilo river to install waste water treatment facilities, and segregation of bio-degradable and degradable rubbishes. Restaurants such as the ones that are serving fast-food in the city use oxo-degradable plastic bags and recycled paper-boxes. Iloilo City has also tree planting programs such as the government and various stakeholders continued forestation of endemic and ornamental trees along the city's major thoroughfares and mangroves along the city's creeks, estuaries, waterfront areas and rivers.

The Iloilo city government's continued efforts for green sustainability through building of parks, open spaces and making the metropolis clean and conducive to tourists, bagged the city the ASEAN Clean Tourist City award in 2020.

The local government's aim to make Iloilo a sustainable, bike-friendly metro earned the city the Most Bike-Friendly City citation in the 2018 PhilBike Awards. It also received the following accolades: Gold Award in both the 2021 and 2022 National Bike Day - Bike Lane Awards, Gold Award in the Mobility Awards 2021, and the Galing Pook Award 2022 (through its I-Bike Program).

Parks and recreation

The city is endowed with various parks, open spaces and gardens which contribute the city's government initiatives in protecting and preserving its urbanscape for city dwellers for them to benefit from. The Iloilo River Esplanade which stretches on both sides of Iloilo River which has been designed a renowned Filipino Architect Paulo Alcazaren who designed Clarke Quay in Singapore, is the longest linear park and riverside boulevard in the Philippines. The Iloilo River Esplanade along its stretch is dense with mangrove trees where 22 of the 35 species of mangroves that is endemic to the Philippines can be found. The mangroves along the Iloilo River Esplanade is also a breeding ground for marine species.

Iloilo city before is re-incorporation is a conglomerate of former separate towns during the Spanish up to the American colonial eras thus they have their own civic centers or Plazas equipped with ornamental gardens and endemic ornamental and non-ornamental or fruit trees. Plazas have long been played the role for the city dwellers to socialize and recreate.

There are also numerous recent development initiatives that the city government is pushing through for its continued efforts for more parks and open spaces in the city such as the redevelopment of Iloilo City Civic Center which includes the Iloilo City Hall with the revitalization of the former Plaza de Aduana or Sunburst Park and the relocation and building of the new Freedom Grandstand at the Muelle Loney (Loney Wharf) with pocket size and mini gardens. The said same initiative is also being laid-out and undertaken with the Provincial capitol complex of the Iloilo Provincial Government with initial phase of the Iloilo Provincial Jail being renovated and restored becoming the National Museum of the Philippines – Western Visayas regional Museum and the landscaping of the provincial capitol complex.

Smart City Initiative

Iloilo City is closer to being a smart city as it is providing free internet access in public areas, aiming to decrease its carbon emission, higher efficiency and productivity to underscore Iloilo as a livable city. Electric vehicles are operating in the city. Pumping Stations were installed to prevent flooding. Air quality is being monitored and graded as clean per international standards. Taxis are advised to use an automotive navigation system to inform passengers of their location and for navigation through streets and alleys. Other services include, phone calls for emergency rescue, device charging stations, local wayfinding, free housing in Sooc, Lanit and San Isidro and more. All barangays of Iloilo City have installed Closed-circuit television to predict traffic police requirements and for public safety.

The city has banned the use of plastic straws in the city, strict compliance of establishments along the stretch of Iloilo river to install waste water treatment facilities, and segregation of bio-degradable and degradable rubbish. Restaurants and fast-food stores use oxo-degradable plastic bags and recycled paper-boxes. Iloilo city sustained its tree-planting programs through forestation of endemic and ornamental trees along the city's major thoroughfares and mangroves along the city's creeks, estuaries, waterfront areas and rivers and clean-up drive.

The city was awarded in 2017 with Clean Air City Award by the Clean Air Philippine Movement. The award is recognition of Iloilo urban planning in diligence for maintaining the good air quality

For the second time, Iloilo City has been conferred the Galing Pook Award for its entry the Iloilo Batiano River Development Project. The award recognizes best local government practices worthy of replication by other local government units (LGUs).

In 2024, Iloilo ranked number 6 and was considered one of the top 18 most fitness-friendly cities in the world by Headline Bulletin, one of the oldest fitness and wellness journals since 1996, which has been cited by the BBC and Harvard University.

Healthcare

Iloilo City is the leading healthcare center of the Western Visayas region and is rapidly becoming one of the medical tourism hubs in the Philippines. The Iloilo City Health Office and the Department of Health (Philippines) is responsible for the implementation and planning of the health care programs provided by the city government. The three government-run hospitals in the city are the West Visayas State University Medical Center (WVSUMC), Western Visayas Medical Center (WVMC), and the Iloilo City Hospital. The Iloilo City Health Office operates and supervises Health Centers in barrios or barangays in the city.

The city provides free immunization programs for children, specifically targeted against the seven major diseases – smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, yellow fever, whooping cough, polio, and measles.

Iloilo's healthcare is also largely provided by private and church-affiliated corporations. Private hospitals that operates in the city are the following:

• CPU–Iloilo Mission Hospital (CPU IMH)
• St. Paul's Hospital Iloilo (SPH Iloilo)
• The Medical City-Iloilo (TMC Iloilo)
• Metro Iloilo Hospital and Medical Center (MIHMC)
• Medicus Medical Center (MMC)
• Healthway QualiMed Hospital Iloilo (HQHI)
• Iloilo Doctors' Hospital (IDH)
• Medicus Cancer Institute (MCI)
• Asia Pacific Medical Center – Iloilo (APMC Iloilo)
• Seamen's AMEOSUP Hospital
• Supercare Medical Services/Center

There are also notable maternity clinics and centers in the city which include the La Paz Maternity and Reproductive Health Center (LMRHC) and CPU Birthing Center of the Central Philippine University.

The oldest running hospital in Iloilo City is the CPU–Iloilo Mission Hospital. It was founded as Union Mission Hospital in 1901 by the Presbyterian American missionary Joseph Andrew Hall as "the first Protestant and American hospital in the Philippines". Iloilo Mission Hospital serves as the university hospital of Central Philippine University. The hospital pioneered nursing education in the Philippines when it established the Union Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses in 1906, the present-day Central Philippine University - College of Nursing, the first school of Nursing in the country. The nursing school produced the first three nursing graduates, the first rank number one topnotcher and the first number one top-performing school in the history of nursing licensure and education in the Philippines.

Saint Paul's Hospital Iloilo which was founded in 1911 by the French catholic missionaries through the help of the American Catholics, is the oldest running hospital founded by Daughters of Saint Paul of Chartres in the Philippines. At present, it serves as an affiliated hospital of the St. Paul University Iloilo. Both St. Paul's Hospital Iloilo and CPU–Iloilo Mission Hospital are considered notable heritage healthcare institutions in Iloilo.

The two hospitals in the city, the Qualimed Hospital – Iloilo, now known as Healthway QualiMed Hospital – Iloilo and The Medical City – Iloilo are newly built ones of the two of the renowned hospital groups based in Manila in the country. The Healthway Qualimed Hospital – Iloilo of the Ayala Corporation and Mercado General Hospital, Inc. is the first Ayala-Qualimed hospital outside Luzon, while The Medical City – Iloilo is likewise the first The Medical City hospital in Visayas and Mindanao of the group of healthcare institution giant, The Medical City Group. Both hospitals are equipped with state-of-the-art medical facilities catering to the community in general.

There are three public hospitals in the city operated and managed by the government:

• West Visayas State University Medical Center (WVSUMC)
• Western Visayas Medical Center (WVMC)
• Iloilo City Hospital (ICH)

The West Visayas State University Medical Center (WVSU Medical Center), commonly referred to as Don Benito, is a government-run hospital administered under the West Visayas State University. It primarily serves the indigent populace in the city and region, has auxiliary centers established by the national government for the Western Visayas region through the Department of Health of the Philippines – the WVSU/DOH Regional Cancer Center and the soon to be built 10 storey facility WVSU/DOH Regional Lung and Heart Center.

The Western Visayas Medical Center is the largest referral public hospital in the Western Visayas region. It is operated by the Department of Health. The hospital facilities include a 6 storey heart & lung specialty building, 3 storey dialysis building, a 2 storey main building which houses the administrative and emergency and other auxiliary health units of the hospital, and the WVMC annex building (5-6 storey).

The Iloilo City Hospital which is undergoing construction in San Pedro, Molo, is the city government's project to cope with the healthcare demand of the metropolis's indigent citizens. Components of the hospital include a 5 storey main hall, a medical arts building, and USWAG Iloilo City Molecular Laboratory.

Transportation

Public transport

Iloilo City is served mostly by passenger jeepneys, white metered taxis and tricycles within the city limits. The passad jeepneys of Iloilo are known for their sleek and sedan-like design. These often serve fixed routes and mostly travel on the city's major and secondary roads. Jeepneys are also the main mode of transportation to Metropolitan Iloilo areas. Tricycles serve most secondary roads and city communities.

Large passad jeepneys and buses link Iloilo City to the rest of the province and the island of Panay. Buses bound for Metro Manila, Mindoro, Batangas, Cebu, Negros and Mindanao are also available via the Roll-on, Roll-off ferry services of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway. Mini-shuttle vans also serve major points in Panay Island.

Iloilo is one of the few cities in the Philippines that recently initiated to adopt the mini-bus like type modern PUJ or modern Jeepneys in contrast to the President Rodrigo Duterte's administration to phase out the old dilapidated jeepneys as the mode of mass public transportation in the Philippines.

In March 2019, the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board announced the opening of a new Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service in Iloilo City with express bus services to the airports in Cabatuan, Kalibo and Boracay (Caticlan).

Integrated transport terminals

Iloilo City has five Major Integrated Transport Terminals located at the city's perimeter areas: the Iloilo North ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Iloilo North Ceres Bus Terminal (NCBT) located at Tagbak, Jaro District is the transport hub serving passengers to/from north western municipalities of Iloilo, City of Passi and northwestern Panay (Capiz and Aklan including Boracay Island); Iloilo Central Line ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Pavia Peoples Terminal (PPT) in Ungka, Jaro District is the transport terminal for passengers to/from central municipalities of Iloilo; Aleonsan ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal at Hibao – and in Mandurriao for those to/from the upland municipalities of San Miguel, Alimodian, and Leon (including Bucari); Iloilo South ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal/Iloilo South Ceres Bus Terminal (SCBT) located at Mohon in Villa de Arevalo for going to/from the southern municipalities of Iloilo and to/from the province of Antique; and Iloilo North Coast ITS (Integrated Transport System) Terminal at Ticud, Lapaz District for those going to/from the northern coastal municipalities of Iloilo (including Sicogon Island and Islas de Gigantes all part of Carles, Iloilo).

Cycling

The city has been hailed and earned its reputation as the Bicycling capital of the Philippines, a yielded effort through the recent modern economic renaissance of Iloilo City by the local and the national government units and different stakeholders by educating the city locals on the importance of a bike-able city and building dedicated bicycle lanes on city main thoroughfares. The metropolis has a network of nearly 100 kilometers (62 miles) of bicycle lanes and the longest of which is located along the stretch of Diversion Road. The annual Iloilo Bike Festival has drawn bicycling enthusiasts throughout the country. By 2019, Dutch Government helped out Iloilo City to become a bike-friendly city.

Iloilo's exemplary efforts in promoting bicycling culture earned it a citation as the Most Bike-Friendly City in the PhilBike Awards 2018. It also secured the Gold Award in both the 2021 and 2022 National Bike Day - Bike Lane Awards (sponsored by the Department of Transportation (DOTr), Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of Health (DOH), and SM Cares of SM Prime Holdings), as well as the Gold Award in the Mobility Awards 2021 (organized by the Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC), MNL Moves, Climate Reality Project-Philippines, 350. Org Pilipinas, and Pinay Bike Commuter), and the Galing Pook Award 2021 through its I-Bike Program. and the Galing Pook Award 2022 through its I-Bike Program.

In addition to the aforementioned accolades received by the city, institutions, establishments, and workplaces in the metro that received awards include Iloilo Business Park (Ranked 7th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Workplaces 2021 Category), Central Philippine University (Ranked 16th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Workplaces 2021 Category), University of San Agustin (Ranked 13th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Workplaces 2021 Category), SM City Iloilo (Ranked 11th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Large Commercial Establishments 2021 Category), and Robinsons Place Iloilo (Ranked 20th in the Mobility Awards 2021 Bicycle-Friendly Large Commercial Establishments 2021 Category)."

Railway

Main article: Panay Railways

From 1907 to the 1980s, Panay Railways operated a railroad from Roxas City to the port area of Muelle Loney along the Iloilo River in Iloilo City. In 2022, Panay Railways announced its opening to foreign ownership to reconstruct its former train lines, which will reconnect the major cities in Panay, including Caticlan in Malay, Aklan.

Airport

Main article: Iloilo International Airport

Iloilo International Airport is the 4th busiest in the Philippines with international flights to Singapore and Hong Kong and vice versa serving passengers from Western Visayas Region, Palawan and Mindanao. For domestic flights to/from Metro Manila, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Cebu, Clark, Cuyo, Davao, Dumaguete, General Santos, Legazpi, Puerto Princesa, Sipalay, Tacloban, Tagbilaran, and Zamboanga, Iloilo International Airport is the airport serving the general area of Metropolitan Iloilo–Guimaras, the province of Antique and the rest of Iloilo Province. It is located 19 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of Iloilo City on a 188 hectares (460 acres) site in the town of Cabatuan. It opened to commercial traffic on June 14, 2007, replacing the Old Iloilo Airport at the Mandurriao District. The new airport inherited its IATA and ICAO airport codes. It is linked to the city through Sen. Benigno S. Aquino Jr. Avenue and served by metered taxis, airport shuttle vans, multicabs, and P2P buses.

Recently, the national government has approved the ₱791 million budget for the expansion of the Iloilo International Airport.

Seaport

Main article: Port of Iloilo

The Port of Iloilo is the port serving the general area of Iloilo and the premier port in the Western Visayas Region. The new Port of Iloilo is located on a site away from the older port facilities. It is situated in the southern coast of Panay Island, in Panay Gulf. With Guimaras Island guarding the port from violent storms, it has one of the safest and most natural harbors in the Philippines

The Iloilo International Port Complex (IIPC) is located on 20.8 hectares of reclaimed land. It has modern facilities that include 11,400 sq. meters of open space for unhampered operations, supplemented by a backup area of 97,000 sq. meters, a crane, rails of 348 lineal meters; roll-on-roll-off support; a 7,800 container freight stations; and a 720 sq. meter passenger shed. The port complex is ideal for ships plying international routes having a berth length of 400 meters, a width of 26.26 meters and a berthing depth of 10.50 meters. It is currently expanding with the reclamation of the west side sea front portion of the complex

The Iloilo Domestic Port Complex (IDPC), located near Fort San Pedro and formerly the Old Foreign Pier, serves inter-island passenger and cargo ferries which serves the routes Manila, Palawan, Cebu, Zamboanga and Cagayan de Oro. It is located near the mouth of Iloilo River at the vicinity of the Western Visayas Regional Government Center at the City Proper District. It is also the port of call for several domestic shipping companies such as 2GO Travel, Cokaliong Shipping Lines Shipping, Trans-Asia Shipping Lines and others. The colloquial name "Fort San Pedro" refers to the old Spanish fortress beside it that was destroyed during World War II and soon to be restored by the Department of Tourism (DOT) under TIEZA.

Muelle Loney or Iloilo River Wharf is the original port of the city. Opened to international trade in 1855, it has served as the trans-shipment docks for muscovado sugar in the late 19th to the first half of the 20th century. It has undergone several times of expansion and improvement. Today, it serves smaller cargo ships, roll-on roll-off ferries bound for Guimaras and Negros Island and fast ferries that ply Iloilo-Bacolod route regularly. In September 2014, the newly opened Iloilo River Port Complex (IRPC) at Lapuz District started its operation to replace the Iloilo River Wharf.

Iloilo-Guimaras Jetty Ports for Guimaras outrigger ferries are located at Calle Ortiz and Parola. The terminal at Calle Ortiz serves Jordan, Guimaras-bound passenger and cargo outrigger boats, while Parola terminal serve Buenavista, Guimaras-bound ferries. Soon the Iloilo Jetty Port Complex (IJPC) at the Western Visayas Regional Government Center will replace the two jetty ports, the complex is complete with a modern passenger terminal building, a pumpboat fuel refilling station, a 1.3 hectares (3.2 acres) children's park with a marine museum and a CityMall complex by Double Drangon Properties. This project of the City Government was achieved through public-private partnership.

Roll-on/roll-off ferry service, known in as RO-RO, is available from to Iloilo City. There is also a ro-ro service to Cebu via Negros. It is ranked third in terms of ship calls at 11,853, fourth in cargo throughout at 491,719 million metric tons and fourth in passenger traffic at 2.4 million annually.

The Iloilo Fish Port Complex (IFPC) is the only and the major center of fish trading and marine products processing in all of Visayas. The port complex is the traditional landing site of bagnetters and other fishing bancas in Iloilo City and nearby towns. This strategic location has made the port the major fish/marine source of major supermarkets, hotels and restaurants and local public markets in the country and abroad.

Its services includes, unloading and marketing facilities for fish and other fishery/aquatic products both for local and foreign markets; services and facilities for harbor operations such drydocking/repair shop, fuel, oil, water and ice conveyance and for transshipping products; processing, refrigeration and other post-harvest services including product pre-processing, freezing through contact freezer, cold storages and top-grade facilities for the processing of marine products such as prawn, abalone, cuttlefish, lobster, nylon shell, octopus, slippertail, squid, whiting and bangus; and raw land for the establishment of fishery-related factories.

The complex is situated in a 21-hectare reclamation at southern part of the City Proper District. In March 2022, the fish port complex was granted ₱570 million for the expansion of its facilities which will include the construction of a new fish processing plant, establishment of a fish canning facility and the construction of an alternative energy source.

Utilities

A 72 MW Diesel Fuel Power Plant operated by Panay Power Corporation and a 164 MW coal power plant operated by Panay Energy Development Corporation (PEDC) provides power generation for Iloilo City, both situated in Barangay Ingore in Lapaz district. PEDC plans for a third coal-fired power generation facility. The newest generator will be on top of the existing 164-MWs for an additional 150-megawatt to be generated that will help produce a total of 404 MW supply for the Panay and Guimaras islands.

Power distribution had been facilitated by Panay Electric Company (PECO) since 1923 as one of the oldest private electricity distributor companies in the Philippines, but MORE Electric and Power Corporation (MORE Power) of the Spanish Filipino Billionaire Enrique K. Razon, has taken over PECO's operations and acts as the sole power distributor in Iloilo City.

Metro Pacific Iloilo Water (MPIW), the metropolis' sole water distributor, has established a joint venture with Metro Pacific Water (MPW) and Metro Iloilo Water District (MIWD), to bolster the former's service of supplying potable water to the city and the whole Metro Iloilo.

Education

Main articles: List of universities and colleges in Iloilo, List of colleges and universities in the Philippines, and Education in the Philippines

Being the center of education in Western Visayas Region, the city and the province of Iloilo has a total of ten major universities.

Iloilo City alone hosts to 8 universities such as the Central Philippine University (CPU), University of the Philippines Visayas (UPV), which houses the University of the Philippines High School in Iloilo (UPHSI), University of San Agustin (USAI), West Visayas State University (WVSU), Iloilo Science and Technology University (formerly WVCST) (ISAT-U), University of Iloilo (UI), St. Paul University Iloilo (SPUI), and John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (JBLFMU).

Three of the universities which are private in the city are founded by Christian religious orders and sects. Roman Catholics established the University of San Agustin (Spanish), St. Paul University Iloilo (American through their French confreres) and the Protestants who founded the Central Philippine University (American Baptist).

• Central Philippine University – formally founded in 1905, it dates back its establishment to 1901 when the CPU–Iloilo Mission Hospital, its university hospital, was opened by Presbyterian Protestant Americans. The university was established under the auspices of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society through a grant given by the American industrialist and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller. It is the first Baptist and the second American university in the Philippines and Asia (after Silliman University in Dumaguete).

The university holds the top rank in the Western Visayas region with 2 Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Centers of Excellence designated programs in Agriculture and Business Administration, and 4 Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Centers of Development designated programs in Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering, and Teacher Education.

Central Philippine University has consistently been included in the Top Universities in Asia Rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds from 2021 to 2023, as well as in the 2023 Impact Rankings by Times Higher Education.

The Central Philippine University College of Nursing, founded as the Union Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses (Iloilo Mission Hospital) in 1906, is the First School of Nursing in the Philippines.

Central Philippine University pioneered in various fields by establishing the CPU Philippine Center for Packaging Engineering and Technology (CPU PC-PET), the first of its kind in Southeast Asia; the Central Philippine University College of Agriculture, Resources, and Environmental Sciences, the first government-recognized agricultural school outside Luzon; the Central Philippine University Republic (CPU Republic), the first and oldest organized student government in Southeast Asia; the CPU TV Channel, the first university-based TV Channel in Asia; the Central Philippine University College of Theology, the first Baptist theological seminary in the Philippines; and the Iloilo Mission Hospital, the first American and Protestant hospital in the Philippines.

The university boasts notable alumni, including Rodolfo Ganzon (Senator and the first popularly elected Mayor of Iloilo City), Jovito Salonga (Senator), Perfecto Yasay Jr. (Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines), National Artists Ramon Muzones (for Literature) and Leonor Orosa-Goquingco (for Dance), Leonor Briones (Secretary of Education of the Philippines under President Duterte's administration), Gilopez Kabayao (Musician and Ramon Magsaysay Award laureate, often referred to as the 'Asian Nobel Prize'), and Jose Vasquez Aguilar (The first Filipino recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award, also the first recipient of the award in the Government Service category for his work as the 'Father of the Community School Movement')."

• University of San Agustin – founded in 1904 by the oldest Roman Catholic religious who came to the Philippines – The Order of St. Augustin, is the First Augustinian University in Asia and the Pacific. It received its university status in March 1953 which also holds the distinction as the First university in Western Visayas.
• St. Paul University Iloilo – Founded in 1946 as a subject to the propagation of Catholicism in the American regime in the Philippines supported the spread of Protestant religion with the help of the American Catholics by their French confreres under the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres (SPC) from France. St. Paul Hospital of Iloilo, the university hospital of the university which was founded in 1911 predates the university's founding. It is one of the seven campuses comprising the St. Paul University System.

The city universities of University of the Philippines Visayas – Iloilo City College Campus, West Visayas State University and Iloilo Science and Technology University are all controlled and subsidized by the government or as state universities.

• University of the Philippines Visayas – is one of the autonomous units of the University of the Philippines System with its main campus in Miag-ao, Iloilo. The Iloilo City satellite campus is focused in Business, Accountancy and social sciences academic courses. The main hall of in the university's main campus used to be the old Iloilo City Hall and houses now the UPV Art Gallery. UPV has been designated by the Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) as Center of Excellence in Chemistry.

The university's alumni have excelled and became notable in their fields which include – Franklin Drilon; Miriam Defensor Santiago, Senator and first Asian to be nominated for a seat in the International Criminal Court; Myrtle Sarrosa, celebrity and TV host; and Jed Patrick Mabilog, 2014 World Mayor Award – Top 5 best Mayor.

• West Visayas State University – formally established under the tutelage of the Thomasites in 1924 but dates back its founding in 1902 through the Philippine Normal School system during the American regime. The campus in Iloilo City is the main campus that encompasses the university system. West excels in Nursing, Medicine and Teacher Education annual licensure examinations through the topnotchers that it produces and being on the list of top performing school. The main campus has been declared as Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) Center of Excellence in Teacher Education and Center of Development in Nursing.
• Iloilo Science and Technology University – founded in 1905 as Iloilo School of Arts and Trade by the Americans to continue the School of Arts and Trade that was built during the Spanish colonial era that was closed is focused in technological and technical courses. Its Education academic program has been designated by the Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) as Center of Development in Teacher Education.

Other private universities in the city include:

• University of Iloilo – founded as a legacy institution of Lopez family of Iloilo, it was purchased and is now under the management of PHINMA Group under its arm PHINMA Education Network.
• John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University – the first maritime university in the Philippines founded by Juan Bautista Lacson, offers academic maritime courses.
• National University Iloilo – a new campus of National University currently under construction next to SM City Iloilo in Mandurriao.

The Ateneo Graduate School of Business under the Ateneo de Manila University has a satellite campus in Iloilo City housed at the Ateneo de Iloilo Main Campus. The Ateneo Graduate School of Business – Iloilo offers Master of Business Administration (MBA) – Regis program. It is an initial part of the Ateneo educational system's plan in offering collegiate courses to make Ateneo de Iloilo a full university in the future.

Other universities that maintain units offering off-campus extension programs in Iloilo City include the Philippine Christian University (through a partnership with St. Roberts International College) and Guimaras State University.

The Iloilo City Community College (ICCC), a city project for the city to have its own community-city public college, is administered by the Iloilo City Government through the Commission on Higher Education. It offers undergraduate degrees in business, information technology and travel management.

Iloilo is also home to numerous private colleges and schools such as the Iloilo Doctors College (IDC), one PAREF-affiliated high school, the Westbridge School for Boys, St. Therese – MTC Colleges (ST-MTCC), Western Institute of Technology (WIT), De Paul College (DPC) (defunct), ABE International College of Business and Economics, ACLC College of Iloilo, Computer College of the Visayas, Dominican College of Iloilo, Great Saviour College, AMA Computer College – Iloilo Campus, STI College – Iloilo, Interface Computer College – Iloilo, IMAPF – School of Midwifery, Philippine College of Aeronautics, Science and Technology, ACSI College – Iloilo, ABBA Institute of Technology, Iloilo Scholastic Academy, Hua Siong College of Iloilo, Sun Yat Sen High School, Cabalum Western College, St. Anne College of Iloilo, St. Augustine School of Nursing – Iloilo, Assumption Iloilo (run by the Congregation of the Religious of the Assumption).

Others include Ateneo de Iloilo – Santa Maria Catholic School (run by the Society of Jesus), Angelicum School Iloilo (run by the Order of Preachers), Philippine Science High School-Western Visayas, Colegio de las Hijas de Jesus (or simply Hijas de Jesus which is run by the Congregation of the Daughters of Jesus), San Jose Catholic School (which is run by the Order of St. Agustin), Colegio de San Jose (CSJ) and Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus (CSCJ) which are both run by the Congregation of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, and Asian College of Aeronautics. Colegio de San Jose is the oldest school for girls in Western Visayas which is now 141 years old. Iloilo is also home to numerous religious formation houses, St. Joseph Regional Seminary for Theologate studies, the 148-year-old St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary for Collegiate studies and Mill Hill Formation House of the Mill Hill Missionaries. In June 2012, the city government opened the Iloilo City Community College at Molo, Iloilo City.

The Department of Education – Division of Iloilo City covers 88 private schools and 52 public schools.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Iloilo

Sister cities

Iloilo City is twinned with:

International

• Stockton, United States, 1956
• Hågat, Guam, 1994
• Qingdao, China, 2000
• Guigang, China, 2004
• Guangxi, China, 2010
• Huaibei, China, 2012
• Dededo, Guam, 2012
• Palembang, Indonesia, 2016
• Quanzhou, China, 2020
• Wuhan, China, 2021
• Dobong-Gu, South Korea, 2024

Domestic

• General Santos, South Cotabato, 1980
• South Cotabato, 1980
• Quezon City, Metro Manila, 1994
• Mandaue, Cebu, 2007
• Bacolod, Negros Occidental, 2010
• Rosario, Batangas, 2011
• San Juan, Metro Manila, 2013
• Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat, 2014
• Koronadal, South Cotabato, 2014

Friendship cities

Iloilo City also has friendly relations with:

• Seattle, United States, 1980
• Icheon, South Korea, 1995
• Brisbane, Australia, 2000
• Tongyeong, South Korea, 2003
• Hsinchu, Taiwan, 2004
• Bilbao, Spain, 2007
• Kaoshiung, Taiwan, 2007
• Daly City, United States, 2011
• Makati, Metro Manila
• Puerto Princesa, Palawan
• Taguig City, Metro Manila
• Tagum, Davao del Norte

See also

• Calle Real
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jaro
• Iloilo City Proper
• Metro Iloilo–Guimaras

Notes

1. Presidential Executive Order No. 559 of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed on August 28, 2006

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32. Mamuel Merino, O.S.A., ed., Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas (1565–1615), Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1975, pp. 374–376.
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36. Scott, William Henry (1992) p. 48
37. "A History of the Philippines by David P. Barrows". Archived from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2022. In the Bisayas were the Cities of the Holy Name of God (Cebu), and on the island of Panay, Arévalo (or Iloilo). The first maintained something of the importance attaching to the first Spanish settlement. It had its stone fort and was also the seat of a bishopric. It was visited by trading-vessels from the Moluccas, and by permit of the king enjoyed for a time the unusual privilege of sending annually a ship loaded with merchandise to New Spain. Arévalo had about eighty Spanish inhabitants, and a monastery of the Augustinians.
38. Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson Archived June 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r –428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r –41 v .
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63. The members of the Jaro Ayuntamiento who signed the act of protestation against the uprising were: Mariano Villalobos, Tranquilino Gonzales, Severino Argüelles, Raimundo Escarilla, Vidal Jabelona, Ruperto Jalandoni, Esteban Jalandoni, Juan Ledesma, Pablo Ledesma, and León Jereos (Secretary). Cf. September 7, 1896, issue of El Porvenir de Bisayas
64. Policarpio F. Hernandez, Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898), p. 144. The actual text of the letter of the members of the Jaro Ayuntamiento addressed to the Governor General of the Philippines (published in the September 7, 1896, issue of El Porvenir de Bisayas) says: Estos hechos de sedición, doblemente criminales en las dolorosas circunstancias que afligen a la Patria común, que allá, al otro lado de los mares, en los Campos de Cuba, está vertiendo sin tasa la generosa sangre de sus leales hijos que otros hijos integrados la hacen derramar; no pueden levantar eco en los corazones nobles de los Jareños, que no olvidan la inmensa gratitud que deben a España que, de la nada... los hizos nacer a la vida de la civilización y del progreso.
65. The officials of the City of Iloilo who signed the letter of protestation were as follows: Victoriano Mapa (Primer Alcalde), Emilio Escay (Primer Teniente Alcalde), Arcadio Conde Otegui (Segundo Teniente Alcalde), Vanancio Conception, José María Aguilar, Félix de la Rama, Severino Durán, Eduardo Arjanuate, Francisco Aguado, Francisco Ortiz, Lorenzo Guevara, Ramón Roco, and Mariano Teaño - regidores. Cf. September 7, 1896, issue of El Porvenir de Bisayas.
66. Esas negras traiciones, cuya sola idea avergüenza a los Filipinos buenos y leales, han producido un sentimiento unánime de protesta e indignación en el pueblo Ilongo, que cifra su más honroso blasón en el inextinguible y sacrosanto amor que profesa a la gloriosa nacionalidad española de que se siente legitimamente orgulloso. Españoles son los Ilongos, Ex.cmo. Señor, y españoles seran hasta la muerte, porque no quieren vivir ni morir de otro modo que a la sombra de la augusta enseña castillana, a la cual deben el ser hoy hombres dignos y libres. 7 September 1896 issue of El Porvenir de Bisayas.
67. Cf. September 3, 1896, issue of El Porvenir de Bisayas. Also cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898), p. 145.
68. Cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898), p. 145.
69. Cf. December 30, 1896, issue of El Eco de Panay. Also cf. Policarpio F. Hernadez, Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development (1566–1898), pp. 145-146.
70. Cf. January 16, 1897, issue of Diario de Manila.
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253. Philippine Department of Education. "Masterlist of Private Schools Schools in Region VI, SY 2007–2008". Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
254. Philippine Department of Education. "Masterlist of Public Schools Schools in Region VI, SY 2007–2008". Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
255. ^ Tayona, Glenda; Silubrico, Ruby (August 25, 2018). "Iloilo to showcase culture to 'sister cities' tonight". Panay News. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
256. "Stronger sister-cities linkage to create more opportunities for Iloilo City". PIA. February 16, 2024. Archived from the original on March 17, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
257. Guardian, Daily (March 5, 2024). "Iloilo City solidifies partnership with South Korean district". Daily Guardian. Archived from the original on March 17, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
258. "Iloilo City invites sister cities for Charter Day anniversary". pna.gov.ph. June 29, 2018. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.

External links

• Official website
• Iloilo Travel Website Archived January 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code

Preceded byCebu City	Capital of the Spanish East Indies 1569–1571	Succeeded byManila
Preceded byManila	Capital of the Spanish East Indies 1898–1899	Independence declared

v t e Places adjacent to Iloilo City
San Miguel Pavia Leganes Oton Iloilo City Iloilo Strait / Buenavista, Guimaras Panay Gulf Iloilo Strait Jordan, Guimaras

v t e Iloilo City
La Muy Leal y Noble Ciudad de Iloílo
Topics	History Metropolitan area People Media Districts Skyscrapers Nicknames
Districts	Arevalo City Proper Jaro La Paz Lapuz Mandurriao Molo
Geography	Iloilo River Batiano River Iloilo Strait Panay Gulf Ortiz Metro Iloilo-Guimaras Iloilo Province
Landmarks	Arroyo Fountain Calle Real Camiña Balay Nga Bato Casa Mariquit Casa Real de Iloilo CPU Church Iloilo Business Park Iloilo Central Market Iloilo Convention Center Iloilo Customs House Iloilo Museum of Contemporary Art Iloilo River Esplanade Jaro Belfry Jaro Cathedral Lizares Mansion Lopez Heritage House Molo Church Molo Mansion Museo Iloilo Old Iloilo City Hall Old Jaro Municipal Hall Plaza Libertad San Jose Church
Education	Primary and secondary schools Universities and colleges Central Philippine University Iloilo Doctors' College Iloilo Science and Technology University John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University St. Paul University Iloilo University of Iloilo University of San Agustin University of the Philippines Visayas West Visayas State University
Culture	Ilonggo language Ilonggo people Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jaro Dinagyang Kasadyahan Paraw Regatta Festival Our Lady of the Candles Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary of Iloilo Santo Niño de Arévalo Lopez Jaena Day La Paz Batchoy Pancit Molo Mang Inasal Newspapers
Transportation	Airport Seaport Panay Railways
Western Visayas Philippines Category

Articles related to Iloilo City

v t e Metro Iloilo–Guimaras Iloilo Iloilo Cabatuan Leganes Oton Pavia San Miguel Santa Barbara Guimaras Buenavista Jordan Nueva Valencia San Lorenzo Sibunag Metropolitan Iloilo–Guimaras Economic Development Council v t e Province of Iloilo Iloilo City (capital and largest city) Municipalities Ajuy Alimodian Anilao Badiangan Balasan Banate Barotac Nuevo Barotac Viejo Batad Bingawan Cabatuan Calinog Carles Concepcion Dingle Dueñas Dumangas Estancia Guimbal Igbaras Janiuay Lambunao Leganes Lemery Leon Maasin Miagao Mina New Lucena Oton Pavia Pototan San Dionisio San Enrique San Joaquin San Miguel San Rafael Santa Barbara Sara Tigbauan Tubungan Zarraga Component city Passi Highly urbanized city Iloilo City (Administratively independent from the province but grouped under Iloilo by the Philippine Statistics Authority.) v t e Western Visayas (Region VI) Regional center Iloilo City Provinces Aklan Antique Capiz Guimaras Iloilo Metropolitan Area Metro Iloilo–Guimaras Highly urbanized city Iloilo City Component cities Passi Roxas Provincial capitals Iloilo City Jordan Kalibo Roxas San Jose de Buenavista Municipalities Ajuy Alimodian Altavas Anilao Anini-y Badiangan Balasan Balete Banate Banga Barbaza Barotac Nuevo Barotac Viejo Batad Batan Belison Bingawan Buenavista Bugasong Buruanga Cabatuan Calinog Caluya Carles Concepcion Cuartero Culasi Dao Dingle Dueñas Dumalag Dumangas Dumarao Estancia Guimbal Hamtic Ibajay Igbaras Ivisan Jamindan Janiuay Jordan Kalibo Lambunao Laua-an Leganes Lemery Leon Lezo Libacao Libertad Maasin Ma-ayon Madalag Makato Malay Malinao Mambusao Miagao Mina Nabas New Lucena New Washington Nueva Valencia Numancia Oton Panay Pandan Panitan Patnongon Pavia Pilar Pontevedra Pototan President Roxas San Dionisio San Enrique San Joaquin San Jose de Buenavista San Lorenzo San Miguel San Rafael San Remigio Santa Barbara Sapian Sara Sebaste Sibalom Sibunag Sigma Tangalan Tapaz Tibiao Tigbauan Tobias Fornier Tubungan Valderrama Zarraga Visayas, Republic of the Philippines v t e List of cities in the Philippines Highly urbanized cities Angeles City Bacolod Baguio Butuan Cagayan de Oro Caloocan Cebu City Davao City General Santos Iligan Iloilo City Lapu-Lapu City Las Piñas Lucena Makati Malabon Mandaluyong Mandaue Manila Marikina Muntinlupa Navotas Olongapo Parañaque Pasay Pasig Puerto Princesa Quezon City San Juan Tacloban Taguig Valenzuela Zamboanga City Independent component cities Cotabato City Dagupan Naga, Camarines Sur Ormoc Santiago Component cities Alaminos Antipolo Bacoor Bago Bais Balanga Baliwag Batac Batangas City Bayawan Baybay Bayugan Biñan Bislig Bogo Borongan Cabadbaran Cabanatuan Cabuyao Cadiz Calaca Calamba Calapan Calbayog Candon Canlaon Carcar Carmona Catbalogan Cauayan Cavite City Danao Dapitan Dasmariñas Digos Dipolog Dumaguete El Salvador Escalante Gapan General Trias Gingoog Guihulngan Himamaylan Ilagan Imus Iriga Isabela Kabankalan Kidapawan Koronadal La Carlota Lamitan Laoag Legazpi Ligao Lipa Maasin Mabalacat Malaybalay Malolos Marawi Masbate City Mati Meycauayan Muñoz Naga, Cebu Oroquieta Ozamiz Pagadian Palayan Panabo Passi Roxas Sagay Samal San Carlos, Negros Occidental San Carlos, Pangasinan San Fernando, La Union San Fernando, Pampanga San Jose, Nueva Ecija San Jose del Monte San Pablo San Pedro Santa Rosa Santo Tomas Silay Sipalay Sorsogon City Surigao City Tabaco Tabuk Tacurong Tagaytay Tagbilaran Tagum Talisay, Cebu Talisay, Negros Occidental Tanauan Tandag Tangub Tanjay Tarlac City Tayabas Toledo Trece Martires Tuguegarao Urdaneta Valencia Victorias Vigan v t e Philippine cities with a 100,000+ population 2,000,000 and more Quezon City (2,960,048) 1,000,000–1,999,999 Manila (1,846,513) Davao City (1,776,949) Caloocan (1,661,584) Taguig (1,261,738) 500,000–999,999 Zamboanga City (977,234) Cebu City (964,169) Antipolo (887,399) Pasig (803,159) Cagayan de Oro (728,402) Valenzuela (714,978) Dasmariñas (703,141) General Santos (697,315) Parañaque (689,992) Bacoor (664,625) San Jose del Monte (651,813) Las Piñas (606,293) Bacolod (600,783) Muntinlupa (543,445) Calamba (539,671) 200,000–499,999 Lapu-Lapu City (497,604) Imus (496,794) Angeles City (462,928) Iloilo City (457,626) Marikina (456,059) General Trias (450,583) Pasay (440,656) Mandaluyong (425,758) Santa Rosa (414,812) Biñan (407,437) Tarlac City (385,398) Malabon (380,522) Lipa (372,931) Butuan (372,910) Baguio (366,358) Mandaue (364,116) Iligan (363,115) Cabuyao (355,330) San Fernando (Pampanga) (354,666) Batangas City (351,647) Cabanatuan (327,325) San Pedro (326,001) Cotabato City (325,079) Puerto Princesa (307,079) Tagum (296,202) Mabalacat (293,244) Makati (292,743) San Pablo (285,348) Lucena (278,924) Talisay (Cebu) (263,048) Malolos (261,189) Olongapo (260,317) Tacloban (251,881) Navotas (247,543) Ormoc (230,998) Meycauayan (225,673) Santo Tomas (218,500) Valencia (Bukidnon) (216,546) Pagadian (210,542) Trece Martires (210,503) Legazpi (209,533) Panabo (209,230) Naga (Camarines Sur) (209,170) Toledo (207,314) Marawi (207,010) San Carlos (Pangasinan) (205,424) Kabankalan (200,198) 100,000–199,999 Koronadal (195,398) Bago (191,210) Malaybalay (190,712) Digos (188,376) Calbayog (186,960) Sorsogon City (182,237) Roxas City (179,292) Dagupan (174,302) Surigao City (171,107) Baliwag (168,470) Tuguegarao (166,334) Kidapawan (160,791) Cadiz (158,544) Ilagan (158,258) Danao (156,321) San Jose (Nueva Ecija) (150,917) Sagay (148,894) Santiago (148,580) Mati (147,547) Urdaneta (144,577) Cauayan (143,403) Calapan (145,786) Tabaco (140,961) Ozamis (140,443) Dipolog (138,141) Gingoog (136,698) Carcar (136,453) Dumaguete (134,103) Naga (Cebu) (133,184) San Carlos (Negros Occidental) (132,650) Silay (130,478) Isabela (Basilan) (130,379) San Juan (Metro Manila) (126,347) San Fernando (La Union) (125,640) Gapan (122,968) Bayawan (122,747) Tabuk (121,033) Ligao (118,096) Samal (Davao del Norte) (116,771) Himamaylan (116,240) Iriga (114,457) Tayabas (112,658) Baybay (111,848) Laoag (111,651) Tacurong (109,319) Talisay (Negros Occidental) (108,909) Catbalogan (106,440) Carmona (106,256) Tagbilaran (104,976) Masbate City (104,522) Balanga (104,173) Guihulngan (102,656) Cavite City (100,674) Lamitan (100,150) v t e Provincial capital cities and municipalities of the Philippines Luzon Abra: Bangued Albay: Legazpi Apayao: Kabugao / Luna Aurora: Baler Bataan: Balanga Batanes: Basco Batangas: Batangas City Benguet: La Trinidad Bulacan: Malolos Cagayan: Tuguegarao Camarines Norte: Daet Camarines Sur: Pili Catanduanes: Virac Cavite: Imus / Trece Martires Ifugao: Lagawe Ilocos Norte: Laoag Ilocos Sur: Vigan Isabela: Ilagan Kalinga: Tabuk La Union: San Fernando Laguna: Santa Cruz Marinduque: Boac Masbate: Masbate City Mountain Province: Bontoc Nueva Ecija: Palayan Nueva Vizcaya: Bayombong Occidental Mindoro: Mamburao Oriental Mindoro: Calapan Palawan: Puerto Princesa Pampanga: San Fernando Pangasinan: Lingayen Quezon: Lucena Quirino: Cabarroguis Rizal: Antipolo Romblon: Romblon Sorsogon: Sorsogon City Tarlac: Tarlac City Zambales: Iba Visayas Aklan: Kalibo Antique: San Jose de Buenavista Biliran: Naval Bohol: Tagbilaran Capiz: Roxas Cebu: Cebu City Eastern Samar: Borongan Guimaras: Jordan Iloilo: Iloilo City Leyte: Tacloban Negros Occidental: Bacolod Negros Oriental: Dumaguete Northern Samar: Catarman Samar: Catbalogan Siquijor: Siquijor Southern Leyte: Maasin Mindanao Agusan del Norte: Cabadbaran / Butuan Agusan del Sur: Prosperidad Basilan: Lamitan / Isabela Bukidnon: Malaybalay Camiguin: Mambajao Cotabato: Kidapawan Davao de Oro: Nabunturan Davao del Norte: Tagum Davao del Sur: Digos Davao Occidental: Malita Davao Oriental: Mati Dinagat Islands: San Jose Lanao del Norte: Tubod Lanao del Sur: Marawi Maguindanao del Norte: Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao del Sur: Buluan Misamis Occidental: Oroquieta Misamis Oriental: Cagayan de Oro Sarangani: Alabel South Cotabato: Koronadal Sultan Kudarat: Isulan Sulu: Jolo Surigao del Norte: Surigao City Surigao del Sur: Tandag Tawi-Tawi: Bongao Zamboanga del Norte: Dipolog Zamboanga del Sur: Pagadian Zamboanga Sibugay: Ipil de facto seat of provincial government v t e Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture articles Notable historic centers Agaña Antigua Guatemala Albuquerque Arequipa Bogotá Campeche Cartagena de Indias Cebú Cienfuegos Coro Cuenca Cuernavaca Cusco Granada Guanajuato Havana Iloílo La Paz León Los Ángeles Lima Malabo Malolos Manila Mexico City Mompox Morelia New Orleans Oaxaca Old Panamá Panamá City Popayán Puebla Quito Saint Augustine San Antonio San Diego San Fernando San Francisco San Juan San Luis Potosí San Miguel de Allende Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Fe Santiago de Chile Santiago de Cuba Santo Domingo Sucre Taal Tayabas Trujillo Veracruz Vigan Zacatecas Zamboanga Spanish missions List of Spanish missions Lists of buildings Oldest Cathedrals Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador Guam Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Puerto Rico United States Arizona California Florida Louisiana Texas Uruguay Venezuela Churches and monasteries Baroque Churches of the Philippines Bohol Chiloé Mendicant monasteries in Mexico Popocatépetl Fortifications Presidio Caribbean coast of Panama Coasts of Chile Philippines Santo Domingo Bridges and roads Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Tayabas Other building types Alhóndiga Bahay na bato Balconies of Lima Bullring Convent Hacienda Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca Cabildo Colonial universities in Hispanic America Colonial universities in the Philippines Plaza Architecture types Baroque Andean Churrigueresque Earthquake Mexican Chilotan Monterey Colonial Neoclassical Renaissance Rococo Territorial Modern Revival styles California Churrigueresque Revival Mission Revival Spanish Colonial Revival Territorial Revival v t e Largest cities and municipalities in the Visayas PSA Census May 2020 Rank Name Region Pop. Rank Name Region Pop. Cebu City Bacolod 1 Cebu City Central Visayas 964,169 11 Bago Negros Island Region 191,210 Lapu-Lapu Iloilo City 2 Bacolod Negros Island Region 600,783 12 Calbayog Eastern Visayas 186,960 3 Lapu-Lapu Central Visayas 497,604 13 Roxas Western Visayas 179,292 4 Iloilo City Western Visayas 457,626 14 Cadiz Negros Island Region 158,544 5 Mandaue Central Visayas 364,116 15 Danao Central Visayas 156,321 6 Talisay Central Visayas 263,048 16 Liloan Central Visayas 153,197 7 Tacloban Eastern Visayas 251,881 17 Minglanilla Central Visayas 151,002 8 Ormoc Eastern Visayas 230,998 18 Sagay Negros Island Region 148,894 9 Toledo Central Visayas 207,314 19 Consolacion Central Visayas 148,012 10 Kabankalan Negros Island Region 200,198 20 Carcar Central Visayas 136,453

Categories:

• Iloilo City
• 1566 establishments in the Philippines
• 1581 establishments in the Philippines
• Cities in Iloilo
• Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines
• Former national capitals
• Populated places established in 1566
• Populated places established in 1581
• Provincial capitals of the Philippines
• Populated coastal places in the Philippines
• Port cities and towns in the Philippines