March 14: Difference between revisions

1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
1663 – According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio, detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of electrostatic repulsion.
1674 – The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship Wapen van Rotterdam being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers.
1757 – Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard HMS Monarch for breach of the Articles of War.
1780 – American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans.
1794 – Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
1864 – Rossini's Petite messe solennelle is first performed, by twelve singers, two pianists and a harmonium player in a mansion in Paris.
1885 – The Mikado, a light opera by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, receives its first public performance at the Savoy Theatre in London.
1900 – The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing the United States currency on the gold standard.

1901–present

1901 – Utah governor Heber Manning Wells vetoes a bill that would have eased restriction on polygamy.
1903 – Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, the first national wildlife refuge in the US, is established by President Theodore Roosevelt.
1920 – In the second of the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites, about 80% of the population in Zone II votes to remain part of Weimar Germany.
1921 – Six members of a group of Irish Republican Army activists known as the Forgotten Ten, are hanged in Dublin's Mountjoy Prison.
1923 – Charlie Daly and three other members of the Irish Republican Army are executed by Irish Free State forces.
1926 – The El Virilla train accident, Costa Rica, kills 248 people and wounds another 93 when a train falls off a bridge over the Río Virilla between Heredia and Tibás.
1931 – Alam Ara, India's first talking film, is released.
1939 – Slovakia declares independence under German pressure.
1942 – Anne Miller becomes the first American patient to be treated with penicillin, under the care of Orvan Hess and John Bumstead.
1943 – The Holocaust: The liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto is completed.
1945 – The R.A.F. drop the Grand Slam bomb in action for the first time, on a railway viaduct near Bielefeld, Germany.
1951 – Korean War: United Nations troops recapture Seoul for the second time.
1961 – A USAF B-52 bomber crashes near Yuba City, California whilst carrying nuclear weapons.
1964 – Jack Ruby is convicted of killing Lee Harvey Oswald, the assumed assassin of John F. Kennedy.
1967 – The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
1972 – Sterling Airways Flight 296 crashes near Kalba, United Arab Emirates while on approach to Dubai International Airport, killing 112 people.
1978 – The Israel Defense Forces launch Operation Litani, a seven-day campaign to invade and occupy southern Lebanon.
1979 – Alia Royal Jordanian Flight 600 crashes at Doha International Airport, killing 45 people.
1980 – LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 crashes during final approach near Warsaw, Poland, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team.
1982 – The South African government bombs the headquarters of the African National Congress in London.
1988 – In the Johnson South Reef Skirmish Chinese forces defeat Vietnamese forces in an altercation over control of one of the Spratly Islands.
1995 – Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle.
2006 – The 2006 Chadian coup d'état attempt ends in failure.
2006 – Operation Bringing Home the Goods: Israeli troops raid an American-supervised Palestinian prison in Jericho to capture six Palestinian prisoners, including PFLP chief Ahmad Sa'adat.
2007 – The Nandigram violence in Nandigram, West Bengal, results in the deaths of at least 14 people.
2008 – A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupt in Lhasa and subsequently spread elsewhere in Tibet.
2017 – A naming ceremony for the chemical element nihonium takes place in Tokyo, with then Crown Prince Naruhito in attendance.
2019 – Cyclone Idai makes landfall near Beira, Mozambique, causing devastating floods and over 1,000 deaths.
2021 – Burmese security forces kill at least 65 civilians in the Hlaingthaya massacre.

Births

1601–1900

1638 – Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (d. 1710)
1737 – Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, Aromanian physician and noble (d. 1828)
1772 – José Núñez de Cáceres, Dominican politician and writer. He was the leader of the Independence movement of the Dominican Republic against Spain in 1821 (d. 1846)
1790 – Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver (d. 1863)
1800 – James Bogardus, American inventor and architect (d. 1874)
1801 – Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Estonian poet (d. 1822)
1804 – Johann Strauss I, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1849)
1813 – Joseph P. Bradley, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1892)
1820 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (d. 1878)
1822 – Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies (d. 1889)
1823 – Théodore de Banville, French poet and critic (d. 1891)
1833 – Frederic Shields, English painter and illustrator (d. 1911)
1833 – Lucy Hobbs Taylor, American dentist and educator (d. 1910)
1835 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian (d. 1910)
1836 – Isabella Beeton, English author of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (d. 1865)
1837 – Charles Ammi Cutter, American librarian (d. 1903)
1844 – Umberto I of Italy (d. 1900)
1844 – Arthur O'Shaughnessy, English poet and herpetologist (d. 1881)
1847 – Castro Alves, Brazilian poet and playwright (d. 1871)
1853 – Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918)
1854 – Paul Ehrlich, German physician and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1915)
1854 – John Lane, English publisher, co-founded The Bodley Head (d. 1925)
1854 – Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian author and poet (d. 1920)
1854 – Thomas R. Marshall, American lawyer and politician, 28th Vice President of the United States of America (d. 1925)
1862 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (d. 1951)
1864 – Casey Jones, American engineer (d. 1900)
1868 – Emily Murphy, Canadian jurist, author, and activist (d. 1933)
1869 – Algernon Blackwood, English author and playwright (d. 1951)
1874 – Anton Philips, Dutch businessman, co-founded Philips Electronics (d. 1951)
1879 – Albert Einstein, German-American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
1882 – Wacław Sierpiński, Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1969)
1885 – Raoul Lufbery, French-American soldier and pilot (d. 1918)
1886 – Firmin Lambot, Belgian cyclist (d. 1964)
1887 – Sylvia Beach, American-French bookseller and publisher, who founded Shakespeare and Company (d. 1962)
1898 – Reginald Marsh, French-American painter and illustrator (d. 1954)
1899 – K. C. Irving, Canadian businessman, founded Irving Oil (d. 1992)

1901–present

1901 – Sid Atkinson, South African hurdler and long jumper (d. 1977)
1903 – Adolph Gottlieb, American painter and sculptor (d. 1974)
1904 – Doris Eaton Travis, American actress and dancer (d. 2010)
1905 – Raymond Aron, French journalist, sociologist, and philosopher (d. 1983)
1906 – Ulvi Cemal Erkin, Turkish composer and educator (d. 1972)
1908 – Ed Heinemann, American designer of military aircraft (d. 1991)
1908 – Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher and academic (d. 1961)
1908 – Phil Vincent, English engineer and businessman, founded Vincent Motorcycles (d. 1979)
1908 – Koča Popović, Yugoslav politician and Divisional Commander of the First Proletarian Division of the Yugoslav Partisans (d. 1992)
1911 – Akira Yoshizawa, Japanese origamist (d. 2005)
1912 – Cliff Bastin, English footballer (d. 1991)
1912 – Les Brown, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2001)
1912 – W. Graham Claytor Jr. American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1994)
1912 – W. Willard Wirtz, American lawyer and politician, 10th United States Secretary of Labor (d. 2010)
1913 – Dominik Tatarka, Slovak writer (d. 1989)
1914 – Lee Hays, American singer-songwriter (d. 1981)
1914 – Bill Owen, English actor and songwriter (d. 1999)
1914 – Lee Petty, American race car driver and businessman, founded Petty Enterprises (d. 2000)
1915 – Alexander Brott, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 2005)
1916 – Horton Foote, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
1917 – Alan Smith, English lieutenant and pilot (d. 2013)
1918 – Zoia Horn, American librarian (d. 2014)
1919 – Max Shulman, American author and screenwriter (d. 1988)
1920 – Hank Ketcham, American author and cartoonist, created Dennis the Menace (d. 2001)
1920 – Dorothy Tyler-Odam, English high jumper (d. 2014)
1921 – S. Truett Cathy, American businessman, founded Chick-fil-A (d. 2014)
1921 – Ada Louise Huxtable, American author and critic (d. 2013)
1922 – Les Baxter, American pianist and composer (d. 1996)
1923 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
1925 – William Clay Ford Sr., American businessman (d. 2014)
1925 – Joseph A. Unanue, American sergeant and businessman (d. 2013)
1926 – François Morel, Canadian pianist, composer, conductor, and educator (d. 2018)
1927 – Chuck Share, American basketball player (d. 2012)
1928 – Frank Borman, American astronaut (d. 2023)
1928 – Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (d. 1980)
1929 – Bob Goalby, American golfer (d. 2022)
1932 – Mark Murphy, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2015)
1932 – Naina Yeltsina, Russian wife of Boris Yeltsin, First Lady of Russia
1933 – Michael Caine, English actor
1933 – Quincy Jones, American producer (d. 2024)
1934 – Eugene Cernan, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)
1934 – Paul Rader, American 15th General of The Salvation Army
1936 – Bob Charles, New Zealand golfer
1937 – Peter van der Merwe, South African cricketer and referee (d. 2013)
1938 – Eleanor Bron, English actress and screenwriter
1938 – Jan Crouch, American televangelist, co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (d. 2016)
1938 – John Gleeson, Australian cricketer (d. 2016)
1938 – Árpád Orbán, Hungarian footballer (d. 2008)
1939 – Raymond J. Barry, American actor
1939 – Bertrand Blier, French director and screenwriter
1939 – Yves Boisset, French director and screenwriter
1941 – Wolfgang Petersen, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2022)
1942 – Rita Tushingham, English actress
1943 – Anita Morris, American actress and singer (d. 1994)
1944 – Boris Brott, Canadian composer and conductor (d. 2022)
1944 – Clyde Lee, American basketball player
1944 – Václav Nedomanský, Czech ice hockey player and manager
1944 – Bobby Smith, English footballer and manager
1944 – Tom Stannage, Australian historian and academic (d. 2012)
1945 – Jasper Carrott, English comedian, actor, and game show host
1945 – Michael Martin Murphey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1945 – Walter Parazaider, American saxophonist
1946 – Wes Unseld, American basketball player, coach, and manager (d. 2020)
1947 – Roy Budd, English pianist and composer (d. 1993)
1947 – William J. Jefferson, American lawyer and politician
1947 – Jona Lewie, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
1948 – Tom Coburn, American physician and politician (d. 2020)
1948 – Billy Crystal, American actor, comedian, director, producer, and screenwriter
1948 – Theo Jansen, Dutch sculptor
1950 – Rick Dees, American actor and radio host
1951 – Jerry Greenfield, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Ben & Jerry's
1953 – Nick Keir, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
1954 – Brian Smith, Australian rugby league player and coach
1955 – Jonathan Kaufer, American director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1956 – Indu Malhotra, Judge of the Supreme Court of India
1956 – Butch Wynegar, American baseball player and coach
1957 – Tad Williams, American author
1958 – Albert II, Prince of Monaco
1959 – Laila Robins, American actress
1959 – Tamara Tunie, American actress
1960 – Heidi Hammel, American astronomer and academic
1960 – Kirby Puckett, American baseball player (d. 2006)
1961 – Mike Lazaridis, Greek–Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded BlackBerry Limited
1963 – Bruce Reid, Australian cricketer and coach
1964 – Chris Johns, Australian rugby league player and administrator
1965 – Kevin Brown, American baseball player and coach
1965 – Aamir Khan, Indian film actor, producer, and director
1965 – Billy Sherwood, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1965 – Kevin Williamson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1966 – Jonas Elmer, Danish actor, director, and screenwriter
1966 – Elise Neal, American actress and producer
1968 – Megan Follows, Canadian-American actress
1968 – Magnús Árni Magnússon, Icelandic politician
1969 – Larry Johnson, American basketball player and actor
1970 – Kristian Bush, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1972 – Irom Chanu Sharmila, Indian poet and activist
1973 – Rohit Shetty, Indian film director and producer
1974 – Santino Marella, Canadian wrestler
1974 – Patrick Traverse, Canadian ice hockey player
1975 – Steve Harper, English footballer and referee
1975 – Dmitri Markov, Belarusian-Australian pole vaulter
1976 – Brian Quinn, American improvisational comedian and actor
1976 – Phil Vickery, English rugby player and sportscaster
1977 – Vadims Fjodorovs, Latvian footballer and coach
1977 – Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (d. 2011)
1977 – Jeremy Paul, New Zealand-Australian rugby player
1978 – Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer
1979 – Nicolas Anelka, French footballer and manager
1979 – Dan Avidan, American musician and internet personality
1979 – Chris Klein, American actor
1979 – Sead Ramović, German-Bosnian footballer
1980 – Aaron Brown, English footballer and coach
1980 – Ben Herring, New Zealand rugby player and coach
1981 – Bobby Jenks, American baseball player
1981 – George Wilson, American football player
1982 – Carlos Marinelli, Argentine footballer
1982 – François Sterchele, Belgian footballer (d. 2008)
1983 – Bakhtiyar Artayev, Kazakh boxer
1986 – Elton Chigumbura, Zimbabwean cricketer
1986 – Jessica Gallagher, Australian skier and cyclist
1986 – Andy Taylor, English footballer
1988 – Stephen Curry, American basketball player
1988 – Rico Freimuth, German decathlete
1989 – Marwin González, Venezuelan baseball player
1989 – Kevin Lacroix, Canadian race car driver
1989 – Patrick Patterson, American basketball player
1990 – Joe Allen, Welsh footballer
1990 – Tamás Kádár, Hungarian footballer
1990 – Haru Kuroki, Japanese actress
1990 – Kolbeinn Sigþórsson, Icelandic footballer
1991 – Emir Bekrić, Serbian hurdler
1991 – László Szűcs, Hungarian footballer
1991 – Steven Zellner, German footballer
1992 – Shotzi Blackheart, American wrestler
1992 – Erik Gustafsson, Swedish ice hockey player
1993 – Anthony Bennett, Canadian basketball player
1993 – J. T. Miller, American ice hockey player
1993 – Philipp Ziereis, German footballer
1994 – Ansel Elgort, American actor and DJ
1995 – Brandon Aubrey, American multi-sport athlete
1995 – Nick Eh 30, Canadian live streamer and professional gamer
1996 – Batuhan Altıntaş, Turkish footballer
1997 – Simone Biles, American gymnast
1998 – Tyson Jost, Canadian ice hockey player
1999 – Marvin Bagley III, American basketball player
2000 – Chrisean Rock, American rapper and reality television personality
2001 – Nico Mannion, Italian-American basketball player
2008 – Abby Ryder Fortson, American actress

Deaths

Pre-1600

840 – Einhard, Frankish scholar
968 – Matilda of Ringelheim, Saxon queen (b. c. 896)
1555 – John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford (b. 1485)

1601–1900

1647 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (b. 1584)
1648 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general and politician (b. 1584)
1696 – Jean Domat, French lawyer and jurist (b. 1625)
1698 – Claes Rålamb, Swedish statesman (b. 1622)
1748 – George Wade, Irish field marshal and politician (b. 1673)
1757 – John Byng, British admiral and politician, 11th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1704)
1791 – Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and critic (b. 1725)
1803 – Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet (b. 1724)
1811 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1735)
1823 – Charles François Dumouriez, French general and politician, French Minister of War (b. 1739)
1860 – Carl Ritter von Ghega, Italian engineer, designed the Semmering railway (b. 1802)
1877 – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentinian general and politician, 17th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (b. 1793)
1883 – Karl Marx, German philosopher and theorist (b. 1818)
1884 – Quintino Sella, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finances (b. 1827)

1901–present

1921 – Bernard Ryan executed Irish republican (b. 1901)
1923 – Charlie Daly and three other Irish Republicans are executed by Irish Free State forces(b. 1896)
1930 – A. A. Kannisto, Finnish politician (b. 1876)
1932 – George Eastman, American inventor and businessman, founded Eastman Kodak (b. 1854)
1932 – Frederick Jackson Turner, American historian (b. 1861)
1941 – C. R. M. F. Cruttwell, English historian (b. 1887)
1953 – Klement Gottwald, Czechoslovak Communist politician and 14th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1896)
1957 – Evagoras Pallikarides, Cypriot activist (b. 1938)
1965 – Marion Jones Farquhar, American tennis player (b. 1879)
1968 – Erwin Panofsky, German historian and academic (b. 1892)
1969 – Ben Shahn, Lithuanian-American painter, illustrator, and educator (b. 1898)
1973 – Howard H. Aiken, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1900)
1973 – Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)
1975 – Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917)
1976 – Busby Berkeley, American director and choreographer (b. 1895)
1977 – Fannie Lou Hamer, American activist and philanthropist (b. 1917)
1979 – Frank McEncroe, Australian businessman (b. 1908)
1980 – Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Indonesia (b. 1902)
1980 – Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (b. 1928)
1984 – Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet (b. 1915)
1989 – Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary (b. 1892)
1991 – Howard Ashman, American playwright and composer (b. 1950)
1995 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
1997 – Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director and producer (b. 1907)
1999 – Kirk Alyn, American actor (b. 1910)
1999 – John Broome, American author (b. 1913)
2003 – Jack Goldstein, Canadian-American painter (b. 1945)
2003 – Jean-Luc Lagardère, French engineer and businessman (b. 1928)
2006 – Lennart Meri, Estonian director and politician, 2nd President of Estonia (b. 1929)
2007 – Lucie Aubrac, French educator and activist (b. 1912)
2008 – Chiara Lubich, Italian activist, co-founded the Focolare Movement (b. 1920)
2010 – Peter Graves, American actor (b. 1926)
2012 – Pierre Schoendoerffer, French director and screenwriter (b. 1928)
2012 – Ċensu Tabone, Maltese general and politician, 4th President of Malta (b. 1913)
2013 – Jack Greene, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1930)
2013 – Aramais Sahakyan, Armenian poet and author (b. 1936)
2013 – Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-Cambodian politician, Cambodian Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1925)
2014 – Tony Benn, English politician, Postmaster General of the United Kingdom (b. 1925)
2014 – Meir Har-Zion, Israeli commander (b. 1934)
2016 – John W. Cahn, German-American metallurgist and academic (b. 1928)
2016 – Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer and conductor (b. 1934)
2016 – Suranimala Rajapaksha, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1949)
2018 – Jim Bowen, English stand-up comedian and TV personality (b. 1937)
2018 – Marielle Franco, Brazilian politician and human rights activist (b. 1979)
2018 – Stephen Hawking, English physicist and author (b. 1942)
2018 – Liam O'Flynn, Irish uileann piper (b. 1945)
2019 – Jake Phelps, American skateboarder and Thrasher editor-in-chief (b. 1962)
2019 – Charlie Whiting, British motorsport director (b. 1952)
2019 – Haig Young, Canadian politician (b. 1928)
2022 – Scott Hall, American wrestler (b. 1958)

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:
Constitution Day (Andorra)
Heroes' Day (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Mother Tongue Day (Estonia)
Nanakshahi New Year, first day of the month of Chet (Sikhism)
Pi Day
Summer Day (Albania)
White Day on which men give gifts to women; complementary to Valentine's Day (Japan and other Asian nations)

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Days of March

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	{{Day}}		{{Day}}

	==Events==		==Events==
			===Pre-1600===
	*] – ]: Dukes ] and ] defeat their cousin ], forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Engel\|first=Pál\|authorlink=Pál Engel\|year=2001\|title=The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526\|publisher=I.B. Tauris Publishers\|isbn=1-86064-061-3\|pages=31–32}}</ref>		*] – ]: Dukes ] and ] defeat their cousin ], forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Engel\|first=Pál\|authorlink=Pál Engel\|year=2001\|title=The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526\|publisher=I.B. Tauris Publishers\|isbn=1-86064-061-3\|pages=31–32}}</ref>
	*] – ]: ] and the ]s defeat the forces of the ] under ], during the ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Charles Oman\|title=A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KQOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA501\|year=1937\|publisher=E.P. Dutton\|pages=501\|isbn=~~9780598497574~~}}</ref>		*] – ]: ] and the ]s defeat the forces of the ] under ], during the ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Charles Oman\|title=A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KQOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA501\|year=1937\|publisher=E.P. Dutton\|pages=501\|isbn=978-0-598-49757-4}}</ref>
			===1601–1900===
	*] – ]: ], ], France and Sweden sign the ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Kenneth Meyer Setton\|title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century\|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XN51y209fR8C\|year=1991\|publisher=American Philosophical Society\|isbn=978-0-87169-192-7\|pages=}}</ref>
	*] – ~~According~~ to ~~his~~ ~~own~~ ~~account~~, ] ~~completes~~ ~~his~~ ~~book~~ ~~''De~~ ~~Vacuo''~~.<ref>{{cite book\|author=~~Otto~~ ~~von~~ ~~Guericke~~\|title=~~The~~ ~~New~~ ~~(So-Called)~~ ~~Magdeburg~~ ~~Experiments~~ of ~~Otto~~ ~~Von~~ ~~Guericke~~\|url=https://~~books~~.~~google.com~~/~~books?id=a8voCAAAQBAJ&pg=PR20~~\|~~date~~=~~6 December 2012~~\|publisher=~~Springer Science &~~ ~~Business~~ ~~Media~~\|isbn=978-94-~~011~~-~~2010~~-4\|pages=20}}</ref>		*] – ]: ], ], ] and ] sign the ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Kenneth Meyer Setton\|title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century\|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XN51y209fR8C\|year=1991\|publisher=American Philosophical Society\|isbn=978-0-87169-192-7\|pages=}}</ref>
			*] – According to his own account, ] completes his book ''Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio'', detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Otto von Guericke\|title=The New (So-Called) Magdeburg Experiments of Otto Von Guericke\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8voCAAAQBAJ&pg=PR20\|date=6 December 2012\|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media\|isbn=978-94-011-2010-4\|pages=20}}</ref>
	*] – The ]: The ] results in the ] ship ''Wapen van Rotterdam'' being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010899007\|title=Londenden 3 April\|date=1674-04-03\|work=Amsterdamsche Courant\|access-date=2019-03-23\|publisher=Mattheus Cousart\|issue=15\|department=Engelandt\|location=London\|publication-place=Amsterdam\|publication-date=1674-04-10\|page=1\|language=nl\|trans-title=London 3 April\|via=Delpher\|ref={{harvid\|Amsterdamsche Courant 10 April\|1674}}}}</ref>		*] – The ]: The ] results in the ] ship ''Wapen van Rotterdam'' being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010899007\|title=Londenden 3 April\|date=1674-04-03\|work=Amsterdamsche Courant\|access-date=2019-03-23\|publisher=Mattheus Cousart \|issue=15 \|department=Engelandt\|location=London\|publication-place=Amsterdam\|publication-date=1674-04-10\|page=1\|language=nl\|trans-title=London 3 April \|via=Delpher\|ref={{harvid\|Amsterdamsche Courant 10 April\|1674}}}}</ref>
	*] – Admiral Sir ] is ] aboard {{HMS\|Monarch\|1747\|6}} for breach of the ].<ref name="Byng" />		*] – Admiral Sir ] is ] aboard {{HMS\|Monarch\|1747\|6}} for breach of the ].<ref name="Byng" />
	*] – ]: ] forces ] in ], the last British frontier post capable of threatening ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hamilton \|first1=Peter Joseph \|title=Colonial Mobile: An Historical Study, Largely from Original Sources, of the ... \|date=1897 \|publisher=Houghton Mifflin andcompany \|page=255 \|url=https://archive.org/details/colonialmobilea03hamigoog/page/n304/mode/2up \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ]: ] forces ] in ], the last British frontier post capable of threatening ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hamilton \|first1=Peter Joseph \|title=Colonial Mobile: An Historical Study, Largely from Original Sources, of the ... \|date=1897 \|publisher=Houghton Mifflin andcompany \|page=255 \|url=https://archive.org/details/colonialmobilea03hamigoog/page/n304/mode/2up \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ] is granted a ] for the ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Howard B. Rockman\|title=Intellectual Property Law for Engineers and Scientists\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6B88P-32IIQC&pg=PA475\|date=26 July 2004\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons\|isbn=978-0-471-69739-8\|pages=475}}</ref>		*] – ] is granted a ] for the ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Howard B. Rockman\|title=Intellectual Property Law for Engineers and Scientists\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6B88P-32IIQC&pg=PA475\|date=26 July 2004\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons\|isbn=978-0-471-69739-8\|pages=475}}</ref>
			*] – Rossini's '']'' is first performed, by twelve singers, two pianists and a ] player in a mansion in Paris.<ref>{{cite book \| last = Hurwitz \| first = David \| author-link = David Hurwitz (music critic) \| url = http://www.classicstoday.com/features/RossiniMesse.pdf \| title = Petite Messe solennelle (Works of Gioachino Rossini, Vol. 3) \| date = 2010 \| publisher = classicstoday.com }}</ref>
	*] – '']'', a light opera by ] and ], receives its first public performance at the Savoy Theatre in London.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Frederick Wilse Bateson\|title=The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uak8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA611\|year=1940\|publisher=CUP Archive\|pages=611}}</ref>		*] – '']'', a light opera by ] and ], receives its first public performance at the Savoy Theatre in London.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Frederick Wilse Bateson\|title=The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uak8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA611\|year=1940\|publisher=CUP Archive\|pages=611}}</ref>
	*] – The ] is ratified, placing the ] on the ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Allen \|first1=Larry \|title=The Encyclopedia of Money \|date=2009 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-59884-251-7 \|page=184 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4kgDkYxGrcC \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – The ] is ratified, placing the ] on the ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Allen \|first1=Larry \|title=The Encyclopedia of Money \|date=2009 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-59884-251-7 \|page=184 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4kgDkYxGrcC \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>

			===1901–present===
			*] – Utah governor ] vetoes a bill that would have eased restriction on polygamy.<ref>{{cite book\|first=Jacques\|last=Legrand\|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century\|publisher=Ecam Publication\|year=1987\|page=26\|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>
	*] – ], the first national wildlife refuge in the US, is established by President ].<ref>{{cite web \|title=National-Wildlife-Refuge System-Birthday-March-14 {{!}} U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service \|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuges/events/National-Wildlife-Refuge-System-Birthday-March-14.html \|website=www.fws.gov \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329084525/https://www.fws.gov/refuges/events/National-Wildlife-Refuge-System-Birthday-March-14.html \|archive-date=29 March 2020 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		*] – ], the first national wildlife refuge in the US, is established by President ].<ref>{{cite web \|title=National-Wildlife-Refuge System-Birthday-March-14 {{!}} U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service \|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuges/events/National-Wildlife-Refuge-System-Birthday-March-14.html \|website=www.fws.gov \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329084525/https://www.fws.gov/refuges/events/National-Wildlife-Refuge-System-Birthday-March-14.html \|archive-date=29 March 2020 \|url-status=live }}</ref>
	*] – In the second of the ], about 80% of the population in Zone II votes to remain part of ].<ref>{{cite web\| url= https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/100_jahre_deutsch_daenische_grenze/1920-Deutsch-daenische-Grenze-wird-neu-gezogen,schleswigfrage102.html\| title=Deutsch oder dänisch? Die Schleswig-Frage \|publisher=]\| language=de\| access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>		*] – In the second of the ], about 80% of the population in Zone II votes to remain part of ].<ref>{{cite web\| url= https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/100_jahre_deutsch_daenische_grenze/1920-Deutsch-daenische-Grenze-wird-neu-gezogen,schleswigfrage102.html\| title=Deutsch oder dänisch? Die Schleswig-Frage \|publisher=]\| language=de\| access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>
			*] – Six members of a group of ] activists known as the ], are hanged in Dublin's ].<ref>O'Halpin, Eunan & Ó Corráin, Daithí (2020), ''The Dead of the Irish Revolution'', Yale University Press, 2020. p. 337</ref>
			*] – ] and three other members of the ] are executed by ] forces.<ref>O'Halpin, Eunan & Ó Corráin, Daithí (2020), ''The Dead of the Irish Revolution'', Yale University Press, 2020. p. 228.</ref>
	*] – The ], ], kills 248 people and wounds another 93 when a train falls off a bridge over the Río Virilla between ] and ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Armistead \|first1=Samuel G. \|title=Oral Tradition and Hispanic Literature: Essays in Honor of Samuel G. Armistead \|date=1995 \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|isbn=978-0-8153-2062-3 \|page=315 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yej1AwmvO6gC&pg=PA315 \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – The ], ], kills 248 people and wounds another 93 when a train falls off a bridge over the Río Virilla between ] and ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Armistead \|first1=Samuel G. \|title=Oral Tradition and Hispanic Literature: Essays in Honor of Samuel G. Armistead \|date=1995 \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|isbn=978-0-8153-2062-3 \|page=315 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yej1AwmvO6gC&pg=PA315 \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – '']'', India's first talking film, is released.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema \|date=2003 \|publisher=Popular Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 \|page=170 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PA170 \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – '']'', India's first talking film, is released.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema \|date=2003 \|publisher=Popular Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 \|page=170 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PA170 \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ] declares independence under ] pressure.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Tucker \|first1=Spencer C. \|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East : From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East \|date=2009 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-85109-672-5 \|page=1881 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1881 \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ] declares independence under ] pressure.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Tucker \|first1=Spencer C. \|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East : From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East \|date=2009 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-85109-672-5 \|page=1881 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1881 \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – Anne Miller becomes the first American patient to be treated with ], under the care of ] and John Bumstead.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|last1=Lily \|first1=Rothman \|title=Meet the First American Treated With Penicillin \|url=https://time.com/4250235/penicillin-1942-history/ \|~~website~~=Time \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513102749/https://time.com/4250235/penicillin-1942-history/ \|archive-date=13 May 2020 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		*] – Anne Miller becomes the first American patient to be treated with ], under the care of ] and John Bumstead.<ref>{{cite magazine \|last1=Lily \|first1=Rothman \|title=Meet the First American Treated With Penicillin \|url=https://time.com/4250235/penicillin-1942-history/ \|magazine=Time \|access-date=17 May 2020 \|language=en \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513102749/https://time.com/4250235/penicillin-1942-history/ \|archive-date=13 May 2020 \|url-status=live }}</ref>
	*] – ]: The liquidation of the ] is completed.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia \| url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/krakow-cracow \| title=Krakow (Cracow) \| publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum \| encyclopedia=Holocaust Encyclopedia \| access-date=22 May 2020 \| language=en \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412142918/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/krakow-cracow \| archive-date=2020-04-12 \| url-status=live }}</ref>		*] – ]: The liquidation of the ] is completed.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia \| url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/krakow-cracow \| title=Krakow (Cracow) \| publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum \| encyclopedia=Holocaust Encyclopedia \| access-date=22 May 2020 \| language=en \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412142918/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/krakow-cracow \| archive-date=2020-04-12 \| url-status=live }}</ref>
	*] – The ] drop the ] in action for the first time, on a railway viaduct near ], Germany.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Thetford \|first1=Owen \|title=Aircraft of the Royal Air Force, 1918-57 \|date=1957 \|publisher=Putnam \|page=59 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hr4MAQAAIAAJ \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – The ] drop the ] in action for the first time, on a railway viaduct near ], Germany.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Thetford \|first1=Owen \|title=Aircraft of the Royal Air Force, 1918-57 \|date=1957 \|publisher=Putnam \|page=59 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hr4MAQAAIAAJ \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ]: ] troops recapture ] for the second time.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Feldman \|first1=Ruth Tenzer \|title=The Korean War \|date=2004 \|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books \|isbn=978-0-8225-4716-7 \|page=84 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaJLo67j1cMC&pg=PP84 \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ]: ] troops recapture ] for the second time.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Feldman \|first1=Ruth Tenzer \|title=The Korean War \|date=2004 \|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books \|isbn=978-0-8225-4716-7 \|page=84 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaJLo67j1cMC&pg=PP84 \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – A ] B-52 bomber ] whilst carrying nuclear weapons.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Maloney \|first1=Sean M. \|title=Deconstructing Dr. Strangelove: The Secret History of Nuclear War Films \|date=2020 \|publisher=U of Nebraska Press \|isbn=978-1-64012-192-8 \|page=190 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCngDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – A ] B-52 bomber ] whilst carrying nuclear weapons.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Maloney \|first1=Sean M. \|title=Deconstructing Dr. Strangelove: The Secret History of Nuclear War Films \|date=2020 \|publisher=U of Nebraska Press \|isbn=978-1-64012-192-8 \|page=190 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCngDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ] is convicted of killing ], the assumed assassin of ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=George \|first1=Alice L. \|title=The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: Political Trauma and American Memory \|date=2013 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-0-415-89556-9 \|page=xiii \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXJF1_nXTKMC&pg=PR13 \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ] is convicted of killing ], the assumed assassin of ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=George \|first1=Alice L. \|title=The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: Political Trauma and American Memory \|date=2013 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-0-415-89556-9 \|page=xiii \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXJF1_nXTKMC&pg=PR13 \|access-date=22 May 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>