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			{{Short description\|King of Siam (1605–1610/11)}}
	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
	\|name = Ekathotsarot<br>เอกาทศรถ		\|name = Ekathotsarot<br>เอกาทศรถ
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	\|caption =Statue at Wat Pha Mok, ]		\|caption =Statue at Wat Pha Mok, ]
	\| succession =]		\| succession =]
			\| reign = 25 April 1605 – 1610/11<ref>{{cite web \|title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649 \|url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events16.html \|website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref>
	\| reign = 25 May 1605–1610
	\| full name =Ekathotsarot<br>Sanphet III		\| full name =Ekathotsarot<br>Sanphet III
	\| predecessor = ]		\| predecessor = ]
	\| successor = ]		\| successor = ]
			\|succession1 =]
			\|reign1 = 1590 – 25 April 1605
			\|reign-type1 = Tenure
			\|coronation1 = ]
			\|cor-type1 = Appointer
			\|predecessor1 = ]
			\|successor1 = Sutat
	\|spouse =		\|spouse =
	\|issue =Suthat<br>]<br>]<br>Sisin<br>Ong Thong		\|issue =Suthat, ]<br>King ]<br>King ]<br>Sisin<br>Ong Thong
	\|house =]		\|house =]
	\|father = ]		\|father = ]
	\|mother = ]		\|mother = ]
	\|birth_date = 1560		\|birth_date = 1560
	\|birth_place = ], ]		\|birth_place = ], ]
			\|death_date =1610/11<ref>{{cite web \|title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649 \|url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events16.html \|website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref> (aged 50/51)
	\|death_date =1610
	\|death_place =], ]		\|death_place =], ]
	}}		}}

	'''Ekathotsarot''' ({{~~lang-~~th\|เอกาทศรถ}}, {{IPA-th\|ʔēː.kāː.tʰót.sā.rót\|pron}}) or '''Sanphet III''' ({{~~lang-~~th\|สรรเพชญ์ที่ ๓}}); 1560 – 1610) was the ] from 1605 to 1610 and overlord of ] from 1605 to 1608/09, succeeding his brother ]. His reign was mostly peaceful as Siam was a powerful state through the conquests of Naresuan. It was also during his reign that foreigners of various origin began to fill the mercenary corps. In particular, the king had a regiment of professional Japanese guards under the command of ].<ref name=prince>Chakrabongse, C., 1960, ''Lords of Life,'' London: Alvin Redman Limited</ref>{{rp\|51}}		'''Ekathotsarot''' ({{langx\|th\|เอกาทศรถ}}, {{IPA\|th\|ʔēː.kāː.tʰót.sā.rót\|pron}}, {{IAST\|Ekādaśaratha}}) or '''Sanphet III''' ({{langx\|th\|สรรเพชญ์ที่ ๓}}); 1560 – 1610/11) was the ] from 1605 to 1610/11<ref>{{cite web \|title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649 \|url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events16.html \|website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref> and overlord of ] from 1605 to 1608/09, succeeding his brother ]. His reign was mostly peaceful as Siam was a powerful state through the conquests of Naresuan. It was also during his reign that foreigners of various origin began to fill the mercenary corps. In particular, the king had a regiment of professional Japanese guards under the command of ].<ref name=prince>Chakrabongse, C., 1960, ''Lords of Life,'' London: Alvin Redman Limited</ref>{{rp\|51}}

	Right around Ekathotsarot's reign, the English first came to Siam in 1612.<ref name=prince/>{{rp\|53}}<ref name=Damrong/>{{rp\|242}}		Right around Ekathotsarot's reign, the English first came to Siam in 1612.<ref name=prince/>{{rp\|53}}<ref name=Damrong/>{{rp\|242}}

	== The White Prince ==		== The White Prince ==
	The White Prince was the son of ] of ] and Queen ]. White Prince had an elder brother who was called The Black Prince, and an elder sister known as the Golden Princess.		The White Prince was the son of ] of ] and Queen ]. White Prince had an elder brother who was called The Black Prince, and an elder sister known as the Golden Princess.

	In November 1563, Phitsanulok came under attack by King ] of ]. Faced with an overwhelming force, Maha Thammarachathirat surrendered in January 1564, and agreed to join Bayinnaung's assault on Ayutthaya. With Phitsanulok's help, Bayinnaung forced King ] of Ayutthaya to surrender in February 1564.<ref name=app-110-111>Phayre 1883: 110–111</ref><ref name=geh-168>Harvey 1925: 168</ref> Bayinnaung brought back the Black Prince and White Prince, along with Ayutthaya king Maha Chakkraphat. The two princes were educated and overseen by Bayinnaung, along with other captive princes.		In November 1563, Phitsanulok came under attack by King ] of ]. Faced with an overwhelming force, Maha Thammarachathirat surrendered in January 1564, and agreed to join Bayinnaung's assault on Ayutthaya. With Phitsanulok's help, Bayinnaung forced King ] of Ayutthaya to surrender in February 1564.<ref name=app-110-111>Phayre 1883: 110–111</ref><ref name=geh-168>Harvey 1925: 168</ref> Bayinnaung brought back the Black Prince and White Prince, along with Ayutthaya king Maha Chakkraphat. The two princes were educated and overseen by Bayinnaung, along with other captive princes.
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	Prince Ekathotsarot joined his brother Naresuan in various wars with the Burmese. Naresuan declared independence in May 1584, and fought off a series of Burmese invasions from 1584 to 1593. In 1590, Maha Thammarachathirat died. Naresuan was crowned as the King of Ayutthaya while Ekathotsarot was made '']'' but with equal honor to Naresuan (As in the case of ] and ]).		Prince Ekathotsarot joined his brother Naresuan in various wars with the Burmese. Naresuan declared independence in May 1584, and fought off a series of Burmese invasions from 1584 to 1593. In 1590, Maha Thammarachathirat died. Naresuan was crowned as the King of Ayutthaya while Ekathotsarot was made '']'' but with equal honor to Naresuan (As in the case of ] and ]).

	The end of this series of Burmese invasions came in January 1593. Crown Prince of Burma, ] invaded Siam once more. He conducted an elephant duel with Naresuan, and was slain in the armed conflict.		The end of this series of Burmese invasions came in January 1593. Crown Prince of Burma, ] invaded Siam once more. He conducted an ] with Naresuan, and was slain in the armed conflict.

	In 1595, Pegu faced rebellions by various tributaries and royal princes. Naresuan planned a massive invasion of Pegu but the city was taken beforehand by the Lord of Toungoo, with the support of ]. The efforts to capture Toungoo failed in May 1600, and Naresuan decided to retreat. In ], however, a conflict arose between ], the Burmese king of Lanna, and Phraya Ram, a Siamese-installed Lanna noble. Naresuan sent Ekathotsarot to claim the conflicts by dividing Lanna into two parts.		In 1595, Pegu faced rebellions by various tributaries and royal princes. Naresuan planned a massive invasion of Pegu but the city was taken beforehand by the Lord of Toungoo, with the support of ]. The efforts to capture Toungoo failed in May 1600, and Naresuan decided to retreat. In ], however, a conflict arose between ], the Burmese king of Lanna, and Phraya Ram, a Siamese-installed Lanna noble. Naresuan sent Ekathotsarot to claim the conflicts by dividing Lanna into two parts.
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	Upon his ], the Ayutthaya kingdom had reached the maximum extent. However, immediately after the coronation, the Lanna kingdom broke away.		Upon his ], the Ayutthaya kingdom had reached the maximum extent. However, immediately after the coronation, the Lanna kingdom broke away.

	In 1612, an English expedition arrived in Siam carrying a letter from ] of England requesting permission for English merchants to trade in Siam. The King warmly welcomed the party and granted them a station for trading as well as presenting them with lavish gifts.		In 1612, an English expedition arrived in Siam carrying a letter from ] requesting permission for English merchants to trade in Siam. The King warmly welcomed the party and granted them a station for trading as well as presenting them with lavish gifts.
	In 1613–1614, Burmese king ] invaded the Tenasserim coast. He gained Tavoy but was driven back with heavy losses at ].<ref name=geh-189>Harvey 1925: 189</ref> (The Burmese then invaded Lan Na in April 1614. Lan Na sought help from ] but no help ever came, and Chiang Mai fell to the Burmese in December 1614.<ref name=hy-3-179-181>Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 179–181</ref><ref name=geh-189/> Note that according to Damrong, in 1618 Siam and Burma reached an agreement in which Burma would control ] and Siam would control Chiang Mai.<ref name=Damrong>Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., {{ISBN\|9747534584}}</ref>{{rp\|197–199}} But international scholarship accepts that Lan Na again became a Burmese vassal.<ref name=geh-189/><ref name=vbl-276>Lieberman 2003: 276</ref>		In 1613–1614, Burmese king ] invaded the Tenasserim coast. He gained Tavoy but was driven back with heavy losses at ].<ref name=geh-189>Harvey 1925: 189</ref> (The Burmese then invaded Lan Na in April 1614. Lan Na sought help from ] but no help ever came, and Chiang Mai fell to the Burmese in December 1614.<ref name=hy-3-179-181>Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 179–181</ref><ref name=geh-189/> Note that according to Damrong, in 1618 Siam and Burma reached an agreement in which Burma would control ] and Siam would control Chiang Mai.<ref name=Damrong>Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., {{ISBN\|9747534584}}</ref>{{rp\|197–199}} But international scholarship accepts that Lan Na again became a Burmese vassal.<ref name=geh-189/><ref name=vbl-276>Lieberman 2003: 276</ref>

	===Mission to Dutch Republic===		===Mission to the Dutch Republic===
	During the reign of Ekathotsarot, a Siamese embassy reached the ] city of ], in 1608.<ref>Smithies 2002, p.182</ref> The embassy of 16 was brought to the Republic ~~of the United Seven Provinces~~ by Admiral ] on board the ''Oranje'', leaving ] on January 28, 1608.<ref>Borschberg, ed., ''Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge'', p. 57.</ref> The embassy arrived in The Hague on September 10, 1608, and met with ].<ref>''Galileo's Instruments of Credit: Telescopes, Images, Secrecy'', Page 96,		During the reign of Ekathotsarot, a Siamese embassy reached the Dutch city of ], in 1608.<ref>Smithies 2002, p.182</ref> The embassy of 16 was brought to the ] by Admiral ] on board the ''Oranje'', leaving ] on January 28, 1608.<ref>Borschberg, ed., ''Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge'', p. 57.</ref> The embassy arrived in The Hague on September 10, 1608, and met with ].<ref>''Galileo's Instruments of Credit: Telescopes, Images, Secrecy'', Page 96,
	by Mario Biagioli </ref> This visit coincided with the application for patent of the ] by the Dutch eyeglass maker ], and this new device was mentioned at the end of a diplomatic report on the Siamese Embassy, ''Ambassades du Roy de Siam envoyé à l'Excellence du Prince Maurice, arrive a La Haye, le 10. September, 1608'' (''"Embassy of the King of Siam sent to his Excellence Prince Maurice, September 10, 1608"''), which soon diffused across ].<ref>''Measuring the Universe: Cosmic Dimensions from Aristarchus to Halley'' Page 65, by Albert Van Helden </ref>		by Mario Biagioli </ref> This visit coincided with the application for a patent of the ] by the Dutch eyeglass maker ], and this new device was mentioned at the end of a diplomatic report on the Siamese Embassy, ''Ambassades du Roy de Siam envoyé à l'Excellence du Prince Maurice, arrive a La Haye, le 10. September, 1608'' (''"''Embassy of the King of Siam sent to his Excellence Prince Maurice, September 10, 1608''"''), which soon diffused across Europe.<ref>''Measuring the Universe: Cosmic Dimensions from Aristarchus to Halley'' Page 65, by Albert Van Helden </ref>

	Following the embassy, a treaty was concluded between ~~Holland~~ and Siam in 1617.<ref>''Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development'', John Frank Cady, p.213</ref>		Following the embassy, a treaty was concluded between the Republic and Siam in 1617.<ref>''Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development'', John Frank Cady, p.213</ref>

	===Foreign ~~Mercenaries~~===		===Foreign mercenaries===
	Ekathotsarot's reign saw the influx of foreigners into Siam as traders and mercenaries. Ekathotsarot established ''Krom Asa''s ('committee of volunteers', i.e. volunteered regiments) of foreign soldiers, for example; ''Krom Asa ]'', ''Krom Asa ]'', ''Krom Asa Yipun'' (Japanese mercenaries), and ''Krom Asa Maen Puen'' (literally 'committee of volunteer marksman' - the Portuguese and Dutch). Ekathotsarot had close relations with the ] under ] who commissioned ] to Siam. Around this time the Siamese metallurgists learned the arts of forging mortars from Westerners and combined with traditional methods giving rise to the praised Siamese mortars known for their qualities.		Ekathotsarot's reign saw the influx of foreigners into Siam as traders and mercenaries. Ekathotsarot established ''Krom Asa''s ('committee of volunteers', i.e. volunteered regiments) of foreign soldiers, for example; ''Krom Asa ]'', ''Krom Asa ]'', ''Krom Asa Yipun'' (Japanese mercenaries), and ''Krom Asa Maen Puen'' (literally 'committee of volunteer marksman' – the Portuguese and Dutch). Ekathotsarot had close relations with the ] under ] who commissioned ] to Siam. Around this time the Siamese metallurgists learned the arts of forging mortars from Westerners and combined with traditional methods giving rise to the praised Siamese mortars known for their qualities.

	===Prince Suthat===		===Prince Suthat===
	Ekathotsarot had two legitimate sons: Prince Suthat and Prince ]. Prince Suthat was invested with the title of '']'' in 1607. However, only four months later, Prince Suthat asked his father to release a prisoner; but instead angered his father, who accused Prince Suthat of a rebellion. Prince Suthat committed suicide by poison the same night, much to the grief of Ekathotsarot. This is one of the most mysterious historical scenes of Siamese history, as no one knows who was the prisoner Prince Suthat tried to free, nor why Ekathotsarot was so angry. Some historians hypothesized that the prisoner was one of the powerful nobles whose power was a challenge to the monarchy. The nature of Prince Suthat's death was also disputed, as he may have been poisoned by someone else.		Ekathotsarot had two legitimate sons: Prince Suthat and Prince ]. Prince Suthat was invested with the title of '']'' in 1607. However, only four months later, Prince Suthat asked his father to release a prisoner; but instead angered his father, who accused Prince Suthat of a rebellion. Prince Suthat committed suicide by poison the same night, much to the grief of Ekathotsarot. This is one of the most mysterious historical scenes of Siamese history, as no one knows who was the prisoner Prince Suthat tried to free, nor why Ekathotsarot was so angry. Some historians hypothesized that the prisoner was one of the powerful nobles whose power was a challenge to the monarchy. The nature of Prince Suthat's death was also disputed, as he may have been poisoned by someone else.

	Whatever the fact may be, the Prince Suthat incident laid the grounds for future princely struggles that would plague Ayutthaya for about another century. As his son was dead, Ekathotsarot did not appoint his second son, Prince Sri Saowabhak, ''Uparaja'', as expected. It was said that Ekathotsarot died of depression following the Prince Suthat incident, in 1610. Prince Sri Saowabhak succeeded to the throne anyway.		Whatever the fact may be, the Prince Suthat incident laid the grounds for future princely struggles that would plague Ayutthaya for about another century. As his son was dead, Ekathotsarot did not appoint his second son, Prince Sri Saowabhak, ''Uparaja'', as expected. It was said that Ekathotsarot died of depression following the Prince Suthat incident, in 1610/11. Prince Sri Saowabhak succeeded to the throne anyway.

			==Ancestry==
			{{ahnentafel
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			\| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
			\| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
			\| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
			\| 1 = 1. '''King Ekathotsarot of Ayutthaya'''
			\| 2 = 2. ]
			\| 3 = 3. ]
			\| 4 =
			\| 5 =
			\| 6 = 6. ]
			\| 7 = 7. ]
			\| 8 =
			\| 9 =
			\| 10 =
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			\| 12 = 12. ]
			\| 13 =
			\| 14 =
			\| 15 =
			}}

	==Notes==		==Notes==
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	{{s-start}}		{{s-start}}
	{{s-hou\|]\|{{circa}}\|1550s\|\|1610\|}}		{{s-hou\|]\|{{circa}}\|1550s\|\|1610\|}}
	{{s-reg}}		{{s-reg}}
	{{s-bef\|rows=3\|before=]}}		{{s-bef\|rows=3\|before=]}}
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Latest revision as of 20:38, 6 January 2025

King of Siam (1605–1610/11)

Ekathotsarot
เอกาทศรถ

King of Ayutthaya

Statue at Wat Pha Mok, Ang Thong

King of Siam

Reign

25 April 1605 – 1610/11

Predecessor

Naresuan

Successor

Si Saowaphak

Viceroy of Siam

Tenure

1590 – 25 April 1605

Appointer

Naresuan

Predecessor

Naresuan

Successor

Sutat

Born

1560
Phitsanulok, Ayutthaya Kingdom

Died

1610/11 (aged 50/51)
Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya Kingdom

Issue

Suthat, Viceroy of Siam
King Si Saowaphak
King Songtham
Sisin
Ong Thong

Names
Ekathotsarot Sanphet III

Father

Mother

Ekathotsarot (Thai: เอกาทศรถ, pronounced [ʔēː.kāː.tʰót.sā.rót], Ekādaśaratha) or Sanphet III (Thai: สรรเพชญ์ที่ ๓); 1560 – 1610/11) was the King of Ayutthaya from 1605 to 1610/11 and overlord of Lan Na from 1605 to 1608/09, succeeding his brother Naresuan. His reign was mostly peaceful as Siam was a powerful state through the conquests of Naresuan. It was also during his reign that foreigners of various origin began to fill the mercenary corps. In particular, the king had a regiment of professional Japanese guards under the command of Yamada Nagamasa.

Right around Ekathotsarot's reign, the English first came to Siam in 1612.

The White Prince

The White Prince was the son of Maha Thammarachathirat of Phitsanulok and Queen Wisutkasat. White Prince had an elder brother who was called The Black Prince, and an elder sister known as the Golden Princess.

In November 1563, Phitsanulok came under attack by King Bayinnaung of Burma. Faced with an overwhelming force, Maha Thammarachathirat surrendered in January 1564, and agreed to join Bayinnaung's assault on Ayutthaya. With Phitsanulok's help, Bayinnaung forced King Maha Chakkraphat of Ayutthaya to surrender in February 1564. Bayinnaung brought back the Black Prince and White Prince, along with Ayutthaya king Maha Chakkraphat. The two princes were educated and overseen by Bayinnaung, along with other captive princes.

When Ayutthaya revolted in May 1568, Maha Thammarachathirat remained loyal to Bayinnaung, and became the vassal king of Siam when Bayinnaung's forces retook Ayutthaya in August 1569. The Black and White Prince then returned to Ayutthaya in 1571.

The Second King

Prince Ekathotsarot joined his brother Naresuan in various wars with the Burmese. Naresuan declared independence in May 1584, and fought off a series of Burmese invasions from 1584 to 1593. In 1590, Maha Thammarachathirat died. Naresuan was crowned as the King of Ayutthaya while Ekathotsarot was made Uparaja but with equal honor to Naresuan (As in the case of Mongkut and Pinklao).

The end of this series of Burmese invasions came in January 1593. Crown Prince of Burma, Mingyi Swa invaded Siam once more. He conducted an elephant duel with Naresuan, and was slain in the armed conflict.

In 1595, Pegu faced rebellions by various tributaries and royal princes. Naresuan planned a massive invasion of Pegu but the city was taken beforehand by the Lord of Toungoo, with the support of Arakan. The efforts to capture Toungoo failed in May 1600, and Naresuan decided to retreat. In Lanna, however, a conflict arose between Nawrahta Minsaw, the Burmese king of Lanna, and Phraya Ram, a Siamese-installed Lanna noble. Naresuan sent Ekathotsarot to claim the conflicts by dividing Lanna into two parts.

Naresuan died in 1605 while planning to invade the Burmese Shan states. Ekathotsarot was crowned as his successor.

King of Siam

Upon his coronation, the Ayutthaya kingdom had reached the maximum extent. However, immediately after the coronation, the Lanna kingdom broke away.

In 1612, an English expedition arrived in Siam carrying a letter from King James I of England requesting permission for English merchants to trade in Siam. The King warmly welcomed the party and granted them a station for trading as well as presenting them with lavish gifts. In 1613–1614, Burmese king Anaukpetlun invaded the Tenasserim coast. He gained Tavoy but was driven back with heavy losses at Mergui. (The Burmese then invaded Lan Na in April 1614. Lan Na sought help from Lan Xang but no help ever came, and Chiang Mai fell to the Burmese in December 1614. Note that according to Damrong, in 1618 Siam and Burma reached an agreement in which Burma would control Martaban and Siam would control Chiang Mai. But international scholarship accepts that Lan Na again became a Burmese vassal.

Mission to the Dutch Republic

During the reign of Ekathotsarot, a Siamese embassy reached the Dutch city of The Hague, in 1608. The embassy of 16 was brought to the Dutch Republic by Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge on board the Oranje, leaving Bantam on January 28, 1608. The embassy arrived in The Hague on September 10, 1608, and met with Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange. This visit coincided with the application for a patent of the telescope by the Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lippershey, and this new device was mentioned at the end of a diplomatic report on the Siamese Embassy, Ambassades du Roy de Siam envoyé à l'Excellence du Prince Maurice, arrive a La Haye, le 10. September, 1608 ("Embassy of the King of Siam sent to his Excellence Prince Maurice, September 10, 1608"), which soon diffused across Europe.

Following the embassy, a treaty was concluded between the Republic and Siam in 1617.

Foreign mercenaries

Ekathotsarot's reign saw the influx of foreigners into Siam as traders and mercenaries. Ekathotsarot established Krom Asas ('committee of volunteers', i.e. volunteered regiments) of foreign soldiers, for example; Krom Asa Mon, Krom Asa Cham, Krom Asa Yipun (Japanese mercenaries), and Krom Asa Maen Puen (literally 'committee of volunteer marksman' – the Portuguese and Dutch). Ekathotsarot had close relations with the Tokugawa shogunate under Tokugawa Ieyasu who commissioned Red Seal Ships to Siam. Around this time the Siamese metallurgists learned the arts of forging mortars from Westerners and combined with traditional methods giving rise to the praised Siamese mortars known for their qualities.

Prince Suthat

Ekathotsarot had two legitimate sons: Prince Suthat and Prince Sri Saowabhak. Prince Suthat was invested with the title of Uparaja in 1607. However, only four months later, Prince Suthat asked his father to release a prisoner; but instead angered his father, who accused Prince Suthat of a rebellion. Prince Suthat committed suicide by poison the same night, much to the grief of Ekathotsarot. This is one of the most mysterious historical scenes of Siamese history, as no one knows who was the prisoner Prince Suthat tried to free, nor why Ekathotsarot was so angry. Some historians hypothesized that the prisoner was one of the powerful nobles whose power was a challenge to the monarchy. The nature of Prince Suthat's death was also disputed, as he may have been poisoned by someone else.

Whatever the fact may be, the Prince Suthat incident laid the grounds for future princely struggles that would plague Ayutthaya for about another century. As his son was dead, Ekathotsarot did not appoint his second son, Prince Sri Saowabhak, Uparaja, as expected. It was said that Ekathotsarot died of depression following the Prince Suthat incident, in 1610/11. Prince Sri Saowabhak succeeded to the throne anyway.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Ekathotsarot

2. King Maha Thammaracha of Ayutthaya

1. King Ekathotsarot of Ayutthaya

12. King Ramathibodi II of Ayutthaya

6. King Maha Chakkraphat of Ayutthaya

3. Princess Wisutkasat of Ayutthaya

7. Suriyothai

Notes

"History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com.
"History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com.
"History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com.
^ Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited
^ Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., ISBN 9747534584
Phayre 1883: 110–111
Harvey 1925: 168
Harvey 1925: 169–170
^ Harvey 1925: 189
Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 179–181
Lieberman 2003: 276
Smithies 2002, p.182
Borschberg, ed., Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge, p. 57.
Galileo's Instruments of Credit: Telescopes, Images, Secrecy, Page 96, by Mario Biagioli
Measuring the Universe: Cosmic Dimensions from Aristarchus to Halley Page 65, by Albert Van Helden
Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development, John Frank Cady, p.213

References

Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Lieberman, Victor B. (1984). Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c. 1580–1760. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05407-X.
Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
Borschberg, Peter (2011), Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies, KITLV Press, Leiden, ISBN 978-9067-1836-73. https://www.academia.edu/4302729
Borschberg, Peter, ed (2015), Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge, NUS Press, Singapore, ISBN 978-9971-69-798-3. https://www.academia.edu/4302783.
Smithies, Michael (2002), Three military accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok, ISBN 974-524-005-2

Regnal titles
Ekathotsarot Sukhothai DynastyBorn: c. 1550s Died: 1610
Preceded byNaresuan	King of Ayutthaya 1605–1610	Succeeded bySi Saowaphak
	Viceroy of Ayutthaya 1590–1605	Succeeded bySutat
	Ruler of Phitsanulok 1590–1605	Position abolished

v t e Rulers of Sukhothai
Phra Ruang dynasty	Si Inthrathit Ban Mueang Ram Khamhaeng Loe Thai Ngua Nam Thum Maha Thammaracha I (Li Thai) Maha Thammaracha II (Lue Thai) Maha Thammaracha III (Sai Lue Thai) Maha Thammaracha IV (Borommapan)
Monarchy of Thailand • List of Thai monarchs

Monarchs of Thailand

Ngoenyang/Lan Na
(638–1775)

Lao dynasty	Lawachangkarat [th] Chueang Mangrai
Mangrai dynasty	Mangrai Chaiyasongkhram [th] Saenphu [th] Khamfu [th] Phayu [th] Kue Na [th] Saenmueangma [th] Samfangkaen [th] Tilokkarat Yotchiangrai Mueangkaeo [th] Mueangketklao [th] Saikham [th] Chiraprapha Chaiyachettha Mekuti Wisutthithewi
Chet Ton dynasty	Kawila Thammalangka Khamfan Phutthawong Mahotaraprathet Kawilorot Suriyawong Inthawichayanon Intavaroros Suriyavongse Kaew Nawarat

Singhanavati Kingdom
(757–1188)

Singhanavati dynasty	Phangkharat [th] Thukkhita [th] Phrom Chaiyasiri

Sukhothai Kingdom
(1238–1438)

Phra Ruang dynasty	Si Inthrathit Ban Mueang Ram Khamhaeng Loe Thai Ngua Nam Thum Maha Thammaracha I (Li Thai) Maha Thammaracha II (Lue Thai) Maha Thammaracha III (Sai Lue Thai) Maha Thammaracha IV (Borommapan)

Ayutthaya Kingdom
(1350–1767)

Uthong dynasty	Ramathibodi I (Uthong) Ramesuan Ramrachathirat
Suphannaphum dynasty	Borommarachathirat I (Pha Ngua) Thong Lan Intharachathirat (Nakhon In) Borommarachathirat II (Sam Phraya) Borommatrailokkanat (Ramesuan II) Borommarachathirat III (Borommaracha) Ramathibodi II (Chetthathirat) Borommarachathirat IV (Athittayawong) Ratsadathirat Chairachathirat Yotfa Worawongsathirat (Bunsi) (disputed) Maha Chakkraphat (Thianracha) Mahinthrathirat
Sukhothai dynasty	Sanphet I (Maha Thammarachathirat) Sanphet II (Naresuan) Sanphet III (Ekathotsarot) Sanphet IV (Si Saowaphak) Borommaracha I (Songtham) Borommaracha II (Chetthathirat) Athittayawong
Prasat Thong dynasty	Sanphet V (Prasat Thong) Sanphet VI (Chai) Sanphet VII (Si Suthammaracha) Ramathibodi III (Narai)
Ban Phlu Luang dynasty	Phetracha (Mahaburut) Sanphet VIII (Suriyenthrathibodi) Sanphet IX (Thai Sa) Maha Thammarachathirat II (Borommakot) Maha Thammarachathirat III (Uthumphon) Borommaracha III (Ekkathat)

Thonburi Kingdom
(1767–1782)

Thonburi dynasty	Borommaracha IV (Taksin)

Rattanakosin/Thailand
(1782–present)

Chakri dynasty	Rama I (Phutthayotfa Chulalok) Rama II (Phutthaloetla Naphalai) Rama III (Nangklao) Rama IV (Mongkut) Rama V (Chulalongkorn) Rama VI (Vajiravudh) Rama VII (Prajadhipok) Rama VIII (Ananda Mahidol) Rama IX (Bhumibol Aduyadej) Rama X (Vajiralongkorn)

List of Thai monarchs

Viceroys and Deputy Viceroys of Siam

Ayutthaya Kingdom

Viceroys	Phra Ramesuan Phra Chetta Phra Athittayawong Phra Chairacha Phra Thianracha Maha Upara (Chan) Phra Ramesuan Phra Mahin Somdet Phra Naresuan Somdet Phra Ekathotsarot Chaofa Suthat Cho Muen Si Sorarak Somdet Phra Narai Maharat Luang Sorasak Chaofa Phet Chaofa Phon Chaofa Thammathibet Chaofa Uthumphon
Deputy Viceroys	Nai Chopkhotchaprasit Chaofa Phon
Palace	Phra Ratcha Wang Chan Kasem (Viceroy) Phra Ratcha Wang Suan Luang (Deputy Viceroy)

Thonburi Kingdom

Viceroy	Inthraphithak

Rattanakosin Kingdom

Viceroys	Maha Sura Singhanat Itsarasunthon Maha Senanurak Sakdiphonlasep Pinklao Wichaichan
Deputy Viceroy	Anurak Devesh
Palace	Phra Ratcha Wang Bowon Sathan Mongkhon (Viceroy) Phra Ratcha Wang Bowon Sathan Phimuk (Deputy Viceroy)

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