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{{Short description|13th century Kakatiya Hindu temple in Telangana}}
{{Redirect|Ramappa|the lake|Ramappa Lake}} {{Redirect|Ramappa|the lake|Ramappa Lake}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

{{Infobox temple {{Infobox temple
| name = Ramappa Temple | name = Ramappa Temple
| image = File:Ramappa Temple (Human Scale).jpg | image = Ramappa Temple (Human Scale).jpg
| alt = | alt = Rudreshswara Temple
| caption = | caption =
| map_type = India Telangana | map_type = India Telangana
| map_caption = Location in Telangana | map_caption = Location in Telangana
| coordinates = {{coord|18|15|33|N|79|56|36|E|scale:5000|display=title}} | coordinates = {{coord|18|15|33|N|79|56|36|E|scale:5000|display=title}}
| other_names = | country = India
| country = ]
| state = ] | state = ]
| district = ] | district = ]
| location = Palampet village | location = Palampet village
| elevation_m = | elevation_m =
| deity = Ramalingeswara Swamy<ref name="hin1" /> | deity = ] as Ramalingeshwara Swamy<ref name="hin1" />
| festivals = ] | festivals = ]
| architect = Ramappa, ] style/] | architect = Ramappa
|architecture = ], ] | architecture = ], ]/] style
| facade_direction = East-facing | facade_direction = East-facing
| temple_quantity = | temple_quantity =
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| inscriptions = | inscriptions =
| year_completed = 13th Century | year_completed = 13th Century
| creator = Recherla Rudra reddy | creator = Recharla Rudra<!--Do not add Reddy without discussing at the talk page; most reliable sources mention only Recharla Rudra-->
| website = | website =
<!-- DESIGNATION1 --> <!-- DESIGNATION1 -->
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| designation1_number = | designation1_number =
<!-- FOOTNOTES --> <!-- FOOTNOTES -->
|footnotes= | footnotes =
| religious_affiliation = ]
}} }}


'''Ramappa Temple''', also known as the '''Rudreshwara temple''', is a ] ] dedicated to the Hindu god ], located in Palampet village, ], ]. It is {{Convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from ], {{Convert|66|km|abbr=on}} from ], {{Convert|209|km|abbr=on}} from ]. An inscription in the temple says it was constructed in the year {{CE|1213}} by ]—a general of ] ruler ] ({{Reign|1199|1262}}).<ref name="hin1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ramappa-temple-never-fails-to-surprise-visitors/article6745526.ece|title=Ramappa temple never fails to surprise visitors|access-date=2015-01-01|newspaper=The Hindu|author=Gollapudi Srinivasa Rao|date=January 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2021-07-25|title=Telangana's Ramappa Temple inscribed as a World Heritage Site|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telanganas-ramappa-temple-inscribed-as-a-world-heritage-site/article35522471.ece|access-date=2021-07-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>{{sfn|Putcha|1978|p=143}} Located in the vicinity of ], the Ramappa Temple complex which consist of three temples was constructed between 1212 and 1234, designed and architect by Ramappa—after whom the temple complex is named.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2014|pp=29–35}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-26 |title=800-year-old Ramappa Temple in Telangana gets the UNESCO World Heritage Site tag |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/800-year-old-ramappa-temple-in-telangana-gets-the-unesco-world-heritage-site-tag/articleshow/84752055.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-18 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> ], during his visit to the Kakatiya empire, supposedly called the temple "the brightest star in the galaxy of temples".{{Sfn|Dobbie|2006|p=36}} In July 2021, Ramappa Temple was declared as a ].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kakatiya Rudreswara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1570/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |title=Telangana's Ramappa Temple becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/telangana-ramappa-temple-becomes-unesco-world-heritage-site-7422644/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=] |language=en}}</ref>
'''Ramappa Temple''' also known as the '''Ramalingeswara''' (Lord Siva) temple, is a ]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2021-07-25|title=Telangana’s Ramappa Temple inscribed as a World Heritage Site|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telanganas-ramappa-temple-inscribed-as-a-world-heritage-site/article35522471.ece|access-date=2021-07-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> located 77&nbsp;km from ], 15 km from ], 209&nbsp;km from ] in the state of ] in ]. It lies in a valley in Palampet village of Venkatapur Mandal of ], a tiny village long past its days of glory in the 13th and 14th centuries.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indiayogi.com/content/temples/palampet.asp
|title=The Shiva temples at Palampet
|access-date=2006-09-11
}}</ref> An inscription in the temple dates it to the year 1213 CE and says it was built by a Kakatiya General Recherla Rudra Reddy, during the period of the Kakatiya ruler ].<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.telanganatoday.com/floating-bricks-sandbox-technology-bag-unesco-tag-for-ramappa-temple/amp|title=Floating bricks Sandbox technology bag unesco tag for ramappa temple}}</ref>
<ref name="hin1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ramappa-temple-never-fails-to-surprise-visitors/article6745526.ece|title=Ramappa temple never fails to surprise visitors|access-date=2015-01-01|newspaper=The Hindu|author=Gollapudi Srinivasa Rao}}</ref>


== Structure ==
The temple is a Sivalayam, where Lord Ramalingeswara is worshipped. ], during his visit to the Kakatiya Empire, allegedly called the temple "the brightest star in the galaxy of temples".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dobbie|first=Aline|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ckpEd4emnCkC&pg=|title=India: The Elephant's Blessing|date=2006|publisher=Melrose Press|isbn=978-1-905226-85-6|pages=36|language=en}}</ref> Ramappa Temple stands majestically on a 6&nbsp;ft high star-shaped platform. The hall in front of the sanctum has numerous carved pillars that have been positioned to create an effect that combines light and space wonderfully. The temple is named after the sculptor Ramappa, who built it, and is perhaps the only temple in India to be named after a craftsman who built it.<ref name="Tentative List"/>
Ramappa Temple stands on a {{Convert|6|ft|m|adj=on}} high star-shaped platform. The hall in front of the sanctum has numerous carved pillars that have been positioned to create an effect that combines light and space wonderfully. The temple is named after the sculptor Ramappa, who built it, making it the only temple in India to be named after its craftsman.{{Sfn|Dobbie|2006|p=36}}


The main structure is in a reddish ], but the columns round the outside have large brackets of black ] which is rich in iron, magnesium and silica. These are carved as mythical animals or female dancers or musicians, and are "the masterpieces of Kakatiya art, notable for their delicate carving, sensuous postures and elongated bodies and heads".<ref>Michell, 385</ref> The main structure is in a reddish ], but the columns around the outside have large brackets of black ] which is rich in iron, magnesium and silica. These are carved as mythical animals or female dancers or musicians, and are "the masterpieces of Kakatiya art, notable for their delicate carving, sensuous postures, and elongated bodies and heads".{{Sfn|Michell|Davies|p=385|1989}} On 25 July 2021, the temple was inscribed as a ] ] as "Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana".<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2317|title=Cultural sites in China, India, Iran, and Spain inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List|last=UNESCO|website=UNESCO|date=2021-07-25|access-date=2021-07-25}}</ref>


==Restoration by 7th nizam ==
The Temple was included in the proposed ] ] "The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways", in 2019 on the "]". The proposal was submitted to UNESCO on 10 September 2010.<ref name="Tentative List">, Tentative List</ref> On 25 July 2021, the temple was inscribed as a World Heritage Site as "Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2021-07-25|title=Telangana’s Ramappa Temple inscribed as a World Heritage Site|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telanganas-ramappa-temple-inscribed-as-a-world-heritage-site/article35522471.ece|access-date=2021-07-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2317|title=Cultural sites in China, India, Iran and Spain inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List|last=UNESCO|website=UNESCO|date=2021-07-25|access-date=2021-07-25}}</ref>
The ] also donated towards restoration of the temple, with the restoration works starting in 1914.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramappa temple’s first renovation effort was taken up in 1914 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ramappa-was-first-renovated-in-1914/articleshow/84744142.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 July 2021}}</ref>

In 1931, Dr. Ghulam Yazdani, the world famous Indian Archeologist and Conservationist who established Hyderabad Archaeology Department under the Nizam Government, had traced the decorations and ornaments of the temple which were missing and restored them in its original positions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Mohammed Hussain |title=UNESCO mentions Nizam’s role in restoration of Ramappa Temple |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/unesco-declared-ramappa-temple-as-world-heritage-site-mentions-nizams-role-in-its-restoration-2170143/ |work=The Siasat Daily – Archive |date=27 July 2021}}</ref>


== Description == == Description ==
The roof (garbhalayam) of the temple is built with bricks, which are so light that they are able to float on water.<ref>http://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/divine-destinations/warangal/ramappa-temple.html</ref> The roof (garbhalayam) of the temple is built with bricks, which are so light that they can float on water.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telangana Tourism - Visit for all reasons & all seasons|url=https://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808210656/http://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/divine-destinations/warangal/ramappa-temple.html|archive-date=8 August 2018|access-date=|website=]|language=en}}</ref>
{{Cquote |Some bricks of the Ramappa temple and Humayun's tomb were sent for examination to Dr. Habib Haman, Chief Chemist of Government Industrial Laboratory, Hyderabad, Dn. He has kindly reported as follows: 'The samples of floating bricks from Bidar are similar to those from Warangal as far as the method of manufacture is concerned. The material used to make the brick spongy was apparently saw-dust. The weight of the specimens is {{frac|3|}} to {{frac|4|}} of the ordinary bricks of the same size. The Bidar specimens show better quality as regards homogeneous mixing and uniform burning than their proto-types from Ramappa, as a result of which the porosity is well-maintained in the body of bricks from Bidar and they float well in water.'<ref>Bidar, Its History and Monuments, Yazdani, G., https://books.google.co.in/books?id=w6xpQpOCtzAC, 1947, Oxford University Press, p. 133</ref>}} {{Cquote |Some bricks of the Ramappa temple and Humayun's tomb were sent for examination to Dr. Habib Haman, Chief Chemist of Government Industrial Laboratory, Hyderabad, Dn. He has kindly reported as follows: 'The samples of floating bricks from Bidar are similar to those from Warangal as far as the method of manufacture is concerned. The material used to make the brick spongy was apparently saw-dust. The weight of the specimens is {{frac|3|}} to {{frac|4|}} of the ordinary bricks of the same size. The Bidar specimens show better quality as regards homogeneous mixing and uniform burning than their proto-types from Ramappa, as a result of which the porosity is well-maintained in the body of bricks from Bidar and they float well in water.<ref>Bidar, Its History and Monuments, Yazdani, G., https://books.google.com/books?id=w6xpQpOCtzAC, 1947, Oxford University Press, p. 133</ref>}}


There are two small Shiva ]s on either side of the main temple. The enormous ] within, facing the shrine of Shiva, remains in good condition. There are two small Shiva ]s on either side of the main temple. The enormous ] within, facing the shrine of Shiva, remains in good condition.{{Cn|date=January 2023}}


] revived ] (Perini Dance), by seeing the sculptures in this temple.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=P. |first=Surya Rao |date=10 November 2006 |title=Blast from the past |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2006/11/10/stories/2006111000010200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111192416/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2006/11/10/stories/2006111000010200.htm |archive-date=11 November 2007 |website=]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Roxanne Kamayani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DVsoDwAAQBAJ&dq=Perini+dance&pg=PT38 |title=A Yoga of Indian Classical Dance: The Yogini's Mirror |date=2000-03-01 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-59477-527-7 |language=en}}</ref> The dance poses, written in ''Nrtta Ratnavali'' by ], also appear in these sculptures.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Ponvannan |first=Gayathri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6VXEAAAQBAJ&dq=Perini+dance&pg=PT140 |title=100 Great Chronicles of Indian History: From Cave Paintings to the Constitution |date=2022-01-25 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-91028-77-0 |language=en}}</ref>
] revived ] (Perini Dance), by seeing the sculptures in this temple. The dance poses, written in Nritta Rathnavalid by Jayapa Senaani, also appear in these sculptures.


The temple remained intact even after repeated wars, plunder and destruction during wars and natural disasters. There was a major earthquake during the 17th century which caused some damage. The temple remained intact even after repeated wars, plunder and destruction during wars and natural disasters. There was a major earthquake during the 17th century which caused some damage. It survived the earthquake due to its 'sandbox technique' of laying foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did Kakatiya rulers hold the secret to earthquake-proof buildings?|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/oct/25/did-kakatiya-rulers-hold-the-secret-to-earthquake-proof-buildings-1889809.html|access-date=2021-07-26|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>


Many of the smaller structures were neglected and are in ruins. The ] has taken charge of it. The main entrance gate in the outer wall of the temple is ruined.<ref>{{cite web Many of the smaller structures were neglected and are in ruins. The ] has taken charge of it. The main entrance gate in the outer wall of the temple is ruined.<ref>{{cite web
Line 69: Line 67:


==Location== ==Location==
Ramappa temple is located in Palampet, ] mandal which is 19&nbsp;km from Mulugu Mandal (around 70&nbsp;km off Warangal City). Ramappa temple is located in Palampet, ] mandal which is {{Convert|19|km|abbr=on}} from Mulugu mandal (around {{Convert|70|km|abbr=on}} off Warangal city). It is located {{Convert|6|km|abbr=on}} away from ] where another Shiva temple is located.{{Cn|date=January 2023}}

It is 6&nbsp;km away from ] where another lord shiva temple is located. Tourists from Hyderabad can reach to Ramappa Temple via Hanamkonda.

== Nearest Cities ==

*]-66 km
*]-94 km
*]-113 km
*]-153 km
*]-180 km
*]-210 km
*Mahabubnahar-325.5km


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
Line 96: Line 82:
File:Ramappa temple...JPG|Smaller temple File:Ramappa temple...JPG|Smaller temple
</gallery> </gallery>

==See also==
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>


=== Bibliography ===
*Michell, George, ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', 1989, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Putcha|first=Vasudeva Parabrahma Sastry|author-link=P. V. Parabrahma Sastry |editor=N. Ramesan |title=The Kākatiyas of Warangal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FiRuAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |location=Hyderabad |oclc=252341228 }}
* {{cite book|author=Saravanan|first=V. Hari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2noBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT292|title=Gods, Heroes and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural heritage of South India|publisher=Notion Press|year=2014|isbn=9789384391492|oclc=907582842}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dobbie|first=Aline|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ckpEd4emnCkC|title=India: The Elephant's Blessing|publisher=Melrose Press|year=2006|isbn=978-1-905226-85-6|language=en|oclc=74119289}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Michell|first1=George|last2=Davies|first2=Philip H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqtNAAAAYAAJ|title=The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu|date=1989|publisher=]|isbn=0-14-008144-5|location=London}}
{{Refend}}


==External links== ==External links==
⚫ * {{Commons category-inline}}
*
⚫ {{commons category}}


{{Hindu Temples in Telangana |state=collapsed}} {{Hindu Temples in Telangana |state=collapsed}}
{{World Heritage Sites in India}} {{World Heritage Sites in India}}


] ]
]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 02:11, 30 October 2024

13th century Kakatiya Hindu temple in Telangana "Ramappa" redirects here. For the lake, see Ramappa Lake.

Ramappa Temple
Rudreshswara Temple
Religion
AffiliationHinduism
DistrictMulugu
DeityShiva as Ramalingeshwara Swamy
FestivalsMaha Shivaratri
Location
LocationPalampet village
StateTelangana
CountryIndia
Ramappa Temple is located in TelanganaRamappa TempleLocation in Telangana
Geographic coordinates18°15′33″N 79°56′36″E / 18.25917°N 79.94333°E / 18.25917; 79.94333
Architecture
Architect(s)Ramappa
TypeKakatiya architecture, Bhumija/Vesara style
CreatorRecharla Rudra
Completed13th Century
Direction of façadeEast-facing
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name: Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana
CriteriaCultural: (i)(iii)
Designated2021 (44th session)
Reference no.1570

Ramappa Temple, also known as the Rudreshwara temple, is a Kakatiya style Hindu temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, located in Palampet village, Mulugu district, Telangana, India. It is 15 km (9.3 mi) from Mulugu, 66 km (41 mi) from Warangal, 209 km (130 mi) from Hyderabad. An inscription in the temple says it was constructed in the year 1213 CE by Recharla Rudra Reddy—a general of Kakatiya ruler Ganapati Deva (r. 1199–1262). Located in the vicinity of Ramappa Lake, the Ramappa Temple complex which consist of three temples was constructed between 1212 and 1234, designed and architect by Ramappa—after whom the temple complex is named. Marco Polo, during his visit to the Kakatiya empire, supposedly called the temple "the brightest star in the galaxy of temples". In July 2021, Ramappa Temple was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Structure

Ramappa Temple stands on a 6-foot (1.8 m) high star-shaped platform. The hall in front of the sanctum has numerous carved pillars that have been positioned to create an effect that combines light and space wonderfully. The temple is named after the sculptor Ramappa, who built it, making it the only temple in India to be named after its craftsman.

The main structure is in a reddish sandstone, but the columns around the outside have large brackets of black basalt which is rich in iron, magnesium and silica. These are carved as mythical animals or female dancers or musicians, and are "the masterpieces of Kakatiya art, notable for their delicate carving, sensuous postures, and elongated bodies and heads". On 25 July 2021, the temple was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as "Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana".

Restoration by 7th nizam

The 7th Nizam of Hyderabad also donated towards restoration of the temple, with the restoration works starting in 1914.

In 1931, Dr. Ghulam Yazdani, the world famous Indian Archeologist and Conservationist who established Hyderabad Archaeology Department under the Nizam Government, had traced the decorations and ornaments of the temple which were missing and restored them in its original positions.

Description

The roof (garbhalayam) of the temple is built with bricks, which are so light that they can float on water.

Some bricks of the Ramappa temple and Humayun's tomb were sent for examination to Dr. Habib Haman, Chief Chemist of Government Industrial Laboratory, Hyderabad, Dn. He has kindly reported as follows: 'The samples of floating bricks from Bidar are similar to those from Warangal as far as the method of manufacture is concerned. The material used to make the brick spongy was apparently saw-dust. The weight of the specimens is 1⁄3 to 1⁄4 of the ordinary bricks of the same size. The Bidar specimens show better quality as regards homogeneous mixing and uniform burning than their proto-types from Ramappa, as a result of which the porosity is well-maintained in the body of bricks from Bidar and they float well in water.

There are two small Shiva shrines on either side of the main temple. The enormous Nandi within, facing the shrine of Shiva, remains in good condition.

Nataraja Ramakrishna revived Perini Shivatandavam (Perini Dance), by seeing the sculptures in this temple. The dance poses, written in Nrtta Ratnavali by Jayapa Senani, also appear in these sculptures.

The temple remained intact even after repeated wars, plunder and destruction during wars and natural disasters. There was a major earthquake during the 17th century which caused some damage. It survived the earthquake due to its 'sandbox technique' of laying foundation.

Many of the smaller structures were neglected and are in ruins. The Archaeological Survey of India has taken charge of it. The main entrance gate in the outer wall of the temple is ruined.

Location

Ramappa temple is located in Palampet, Venkatapur mandal which is 19 km (12 mi) from Mulugu mandal (around 70 km (43 mi) off Warangal city). It is located 6 km (3.7 mi) away from Kota Gullu where another Shiva temple is located.

Gallery

  • From the side From the side
  • Front Front
  • From behind From behind
  • One of the distinctive dancers One of the distinctive dancers
  • Dancer Dancer
  • Pillar inside the mandapa Pillar inside the mandapa
  • Inside the mandapa Inside the mandapa
  • Smaller temple Smaller temple

See also

References

  1. ^ Gollapudi Srinivasa Rao (January 2015). "Ramappa temple never fails to surprise visitors". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  2. ^ Nanisetti, Serish (25 July 2021). "Telangana's Ramappa Temple inscribed as a World Heritage Site". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  3. Putcha 1978, p. 143.
  4. Saravanan 2014, pp. 29–35.
  5. "800-year-old Ramappa Temple in Telangana gets the UNESCO World Heritage Site tag". The Economic Times. 26 July 2021. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  6. ^ Dobbie 2006, p. 36.
  7. "Kakatiya Rudreswara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  8. "Telangana's Ramappa Temple becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site". The Indian Express. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  9. Michell & Davies 1989, p. 385.
  10. UNESCO (25 July 2021). "Cultural sites in China, India, Iran, and Spain inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  11. "Ramappa temple's first renovation effort was taken up in 1914". The Times of India. 26 July 2021.
  12. Ahmed, Mohammed Hussain (27 July 2021). "UNESCO mentions Nizam's role in restoration of Ramappa Temple". The Siasat Daily – Archive.
  13. "Telangana Tourism - Visit for all reasons & all seasons". Telangana Tourism. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018.
  14. Bidar, Its History and Monuments, Yazdani, G., https://books.google.com/books?id=w6xpQpOCtzAC, 1947, Oxford University Press, p. 133
  15. P., Surya Rao (10 November 2006). "Blast from the past". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007.
  16. Gupta, Roxanne Kamayani (1 March 2000). A Yoga of Indian Classical Dance: The Yogini's Mirror. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-59477-527-7.
  17. Ponvannan, Gayathri (25 January 2022). 100 Great Chronicles of Indian History: From Cave Paintings to the Constitution. Hachette India. ISBN 978-93-91028-77-0.
  18. "Did Kakatiya rulers hold the secret to earthquake-proof buildings?". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  19. "Warangal Temples, Telangana". Retrieved 11 September 2006.

Bibliography

External links

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