Monarchy of Pakistan: Difference between revisions

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	{{short description\|~~System~~ of ~~government in Pakistan~~ from 1947 to 1956}}		{{short description\|Pakistan's head of state from 1947 to 1956}}
	{{Distinguish\|Princely states of Pakistan}}		{{Distinguish\|Princely states of Pakistan}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=November 2022}}
	{{Infobox former monarchy		{{Infobox former monarchy
	\| royal_title = Monarchy		\| royal_title = Monarchy
	\| realm = Pakistan		\| realm = Pakistan
	\| border = federal
	\| coatofarms = Coat of arms of Pakistan.svg		\| coatofarms = Coat of arms of Pakistan.svg
	\| coatofarmssize = 120px		\| coatofarmssize = 120px
	\| coatofarmscaption = ]		\| coatofarmscaption = ]
	\| image = Queen Elizabeth II 1959.jpg		\| image = Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg
	\| image_size =		\| image_size =
	\| alt =		\| alt =
	\| caption = '''Last to reign'''<br>''']'''<br>6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956		\| caption = '''Last to reign'''<br>''']'''<br>6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956
	\| first_monarch = ]		\| first_monarch = ]
	\| last_monarch = ]		\| last_monarch = ]
	\| style = ]<br~~><small~~>1947–1952~~</small>~~<br>]<br~~><small~~>1952–1956~~</small>~~		\| style = ]<br>1947–1952<br>]<br>1952–1956
	\| began = 14 August 1947		\| began = 14 August 1947
	\| ended = 23 March 1956		\| ended = 23 March 1956
	}}		}}

	~~The~~ ~~'''monarchy~~ of ~~Pakistan''' was~~ the ~~system~~ of ~~government~~ ~~in which~~ a ~~hereditary~~ ~~monarch~~ ~~was~~ the ~~sovereign of~~ ] ~~from~~ ~~1947~~ to ~~1956.~~ ~~Pakistan shared~~ the ~~Sovereign~~ ~~with~~ the other ]s, ~~including~~ the ]. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the ].		From 1947 to 1956, the ] was a self-governing country within the ] that shared a monarch with the ] and the other ]s of the Commonwealth. The monarch's constitutional roles in Pakistan were mostly delegated to a vice-regal representative, the ].

	The ~~Pakistani monarchy~~ was created by the ], which ] ] into two independent sovereign states of ] and Pakistan. The monarchy was abolished on 23 March 1956, when Pakistan became a ] with ~~the~~ ] as its ].		The dominion was created by the ], which ] ] into two independent sovereign states of ] and Pakistan. The monarchy was abolished on 23 March 1956, when Pakistan became a ] with a ] as its ].

			==History==
	== Constitutional role ==

			===Reign of George VI (1947–1952)===
	Pakistan was one of the ] of the ] that shared the same person as ] and head of state.<ref name=harshan/>

			]
	Effective with the ], no British government minister could advise the sovereign on any matters pertaining to Pakistan, meaning that on all matters of the Dominion of Pakistan, the monarch was advised solely by Pakistan ].<ref>{{citation\|title=From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958\|author=Syed Nur Ahmad\|year=2019\|isbn=9780429716560\|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/From_Martial_Law_To_Martial_Law/51SsDwAAQBAJ\|quote=The British High Commissioner treated Nazimuddin with the utmost respect and after hearing his plea agreed that Queen Elizabeth was monarch of both Britain and Pakistan. However, it was necessary to make a distinction between the two. If Nazimuddin wished to put his case before the Queen of Pakistan he was free to do so, but the high commissioner was a representative of the Queen of Great Britain only and was in Pakistan in that capacity alone. He was not the representative of the Queen of Pakistan and could not be an intermediary for talks between Nazimuddin and his Queen.}}</ref> All Pakistani bills required Royal assent.<ref name=dawn>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/783530/transfer-of-power-and-jinnah\|title=Transfer of power and Jinnah \|work=DAWN\|date=4 February 2013\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> The Pakistani monarch was represented in the dominion by the ], who was appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Pakistani Government.<ref>{{citation\|title=Political development in Pakistan\|isbn=9781400876389\|year=1965\|author=Karl Von Vorys\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Political_Development_in_Pakistan/1h_WCgAAQBAJ\|page=272}}</ref>

			Under the ], ] was to be divided into the independent sovereign states of India and Pakistan. From 1947 to 1952, ] was the sovereign of Pakistan, with Pakistan sharing the sovereign with the ] and the other ]s of the ].<ref>{{cite ODNB\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33370\|title=George VI\|access-date=20 April 2008\|last=Matthew\|first=H. C. G.\|date=September 2004\|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33370\|quote=India and Pakistan remained among the king's dominions but both were set on republican courses, becoming republics within the Commonwealth in 1950 and 1956 respectively.}}</ref><ref name=harshan>{{citation\|last1=Kumarasingham\|first1=Harshan\|title=THE 'TROPICAL DOMINIONS': THE APPEAL OF DOMINION STATUS IN THE DECOLONISATION OF INDIA, PAKISTAN AND CEYLON, vol. 23\| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23726109 \|year=2013\|publisher=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society\|pages=223\|jstor=23726109}}</ref><ref name=aman>{{citation\|page=184\|title=Unravelling the Kashmir Knot\|year=2016\|author=Aman M. Hingorani\|isbn=9789351509721}}</ref>
	===The Crown and Honours===
	Within the Commonwealth realms, the monarch is deemed the "fount of honour".<ref>{{citation\|title=Commonwealth Journal: The Journal of the Royal Commonwealth Society · Volumes 12-14\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Commonwealth_Journal/inArAQAAMAAJ\|pages=99\|year=1969\|publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society}}</ref> Similarly, the monarch, as Sovereign of Pakistan, conferred awards and honours in Pakistan in his or her name. Most of them were awarded on the advice of "His Majesty's Pakistan Ministers" (or "Her Majesty's Pakistan Ministers").<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=39737 \|date=30 December 1952 \|page=49 \|supp=6 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=40057 \|date=29 December 1953 \|page=49 \|supp=5 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=40673 \|date=30 December 1955 \|page=49 \|supp=5 }}</ref>

			To mark the independence of Pakistan, the King sent a message of congratulations to its people, which was read by Lord Mountbatten in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 14 August 1947. In his message, the King said in "achieving your independence by agreement, you have set an example to all freedom-loving people throughout the world". He told the Pakistani people to be "assured always of my sympathy and support as I watch your continuing efforts to advance the cause of humanity".<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434523887_782.pdf\|title=His Excellency The Governor-General's Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan\|date=14 August 1947\|work=National Assembly of Pakistan\|access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref>
	===The Crown and the Defence Force===

			The King appointed ] as the ] and authorised him to exercise and perform all the powers and duties as his representative in Pakistan. Mohammad Ali Jinnah took the following oath of office:<ref name=dawn/>
	The Crown sat at the pinnacle of the ]. It was reflected in Pakistan's naval vessels, which bore the prefix ''HMPS'', i.e., ''Her Majesty's Pakistan Ship'' (or ''His Majesty's Pakistan Ship'' during the reign of George VI).<ref>{{citation\|last1=Shukal\|first1=Om Prakash\|title=Excellence In Life\|year=2007\|publisher=Gyan Publishing House\|isbn=9788121209632\|pages=332}}</ref> The Pakistan Navy and the Pakistan Air Force were known as Royal Pakistan Navy and Royal Pakistan Air Force respectively. The prefix "Royal" was dropped when the Pakistani monarchy was abolished.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.html\|title=PN History \|work=Pakistan Navy\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.paf.gov.pk/#/history\|title=Infancy to Independence \|work=Pakistan Air Force\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

			{{blockquote\|"I, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, do solemnly affirm true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of Pakistan as by law established and that I will be faithful to His Majesty King George VI, in the office of governor general of Pakistan."}}
	===The Crown and Government===
	], seated on the throne of Pakistan, carrying out official duties as the monarch's representative]]

			], the ], with ], King of Pakistan, and other Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London for the ]]]
	The Pakistani monarch and the Federal Legislature of Pakistan constituted the Parliament of Pakistan. All executive powers of Pakistan rested with the sovereign.<ref>{{citation\|title=The Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy\|author=Allen McGrath\|year=1996\|isbn=9780195775839\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Destruction_of_Pakistan_s_Democracy/a0FuAAAAMAAJ\|page=270}}</ref> All laws in Pakistan were enacted only with the granting of ], done by the Governor-General on behalf of the sovereign.<ref name=ggp/> The Governor-General was also responsible for summoning, ], and ] the Federal Legislature.<ref name=ggp/> The Governor-General had the power to choose and appoint the Council of Ministers and could dismiss them under his discretion. All Pakistani ministers of the Crown held office at the pleasure of the Governor-General.<ref name=ggp/>

			Jinnah died of ] on 11 September 1948, while in office.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jinnah_mohammad_ali.shtml\|title=Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948)\|work=BBC\|access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref> The King confirmed the appointment of ] as the next governor-general by a Royal decree which said:<ref>{{citation\|title=Three Presidents, Three Prime Ministers: Fragmentary Recollections of the Author's Days with Chaudhry Muhammad Ali ...\|year=1996\|isbn=9789694960074\|publisher=Dost Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gf5tAAAAMAAJ\|page=15}}</ref>
	===The Crown and the Courts===

			{{blockquote\|"On the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, His Majesty the King is pleased to appoint Khwaja Nazimuddin as acting governor-general of Pakistan in the vacancy occasioned by the sad demise of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah."}}
	Within the Commonwealth realms, the sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the ''fount of justice''.<ref>{{citation\|last1=Davis\|first1=Reginald\|title=Elizabeth, our Queen\|year=1976\|publisher=Collins\|isbn=9780002112338\|pages=36}}</ref> In Pakistan, criminal offences were legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for ] offences are brought in the sovereign's name in the form of ''The Crown versus ''.<ref>{{citation\|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1\|year=1952\|publisher=Manager of Publications\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Constituent_Assembly_Legislature_of/2hCQBuEd4x4C\|pages=535}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=Pakistan Law Reports: Lahore series · Volume 9, Part 2\|year=1956\|publisher=Government Book Depot.\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Pakistan_Law_Reports/RUXWfDF3bIwC\|pages=1159,1161}}</ref> Hence, the common law held that the sovereign "can do no wrong"; the ] in his or her own courts for criminal offences.<ref>{{Halsbury\|12(1)\|Crown Proceedings and Crown Practice\|101}}</ref> The Governor-General of Pakistan was also exempted from any proceedings against him in any Pakistani court.<ref name=ggp>{{citation\|last1=Bin Sayeed\|first1=Khalid\|title=THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF PAKISTAN\| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41392177?seq=1 \|year=1955\|publisher=Pakistan Institute of International Affairs\|pages=330-339}}</ref>

			In 1951, Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin resigned from the post of governor-general to become the new prime minister. The King appointed ] as the third governor-general of Pakistan.<ref>{{citation\|title=Current Biography Yearbook\|year=1954\|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQgaAAAAYAAJ\|page=466}}</ref>

			King George VI died in his sleep in the early hours of 6 February 1952. The King's death was deeply mourned in Pakistan. In view of the King's death, all government offices in Pakistan remained closed on 7 February. All places of amusement and business-houses closed, and the government cancelled all official engagements. Most Pakistani newspapers were issued with black borders on 7 February. On 15 February, the day of the funeral, a national two minutes' silence was observed throughout Pakistan, and a salute of 56 guns was fired, one for each year of the King's life. All Pakistani flags were flown at half-mast till the day of the funeral.<ref name="The Table: Volumes 20-23">{{citation\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4SIAAAAMAAJ\|title=The Table: Volumes 20-23\|year=1952\|publisher=Butterworth. \|pages=112}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=George VI\|author=Denis Judd\|year=2012\|isbn=9780857730411\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJ6LDwAAQBAJ\|page=LV}}</ref><ref name=islam>{{citation\|title=Islam: 1950-1952\|year=2004\|publisher=Archive Editions\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79UkAQAAMAAJ\|page=513\| isbn=9781840970708 }}</ref>

			In the ], the Dominion's federal legislature, Prime Minister Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin said that the King's reign will always be remembered by Pakistanis as "the period during which the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent carved out a homeland for themselves".<ref>{{citation\|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1\|year=1952\|publisher=Manager of Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hCQBuEd4x4C\|volume=1\|page=2}}</ref>

			===Reign of Elizabeth II (1952–1956)===

			] with the Commonwealth prime ministers during ] in December 1952. Pakistani Prime Minister ] is second from the right.]]

			Following George VI's death on 6 February 1952, his elder daughter ] became the new monarch of Pakistan.<ref name=aman/><ref name=Pillalamarriwhenqueen>{{Cite magazine\|last=Pillalamarri\|first=Akhilesh\|title=When Elizabeth II Was Queen of Pakistan\|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/when-elizabeth-ii-was-queen-of-pakistan/\|access-date=2021-08-27\|magazine=]\|language=en-US}}</ref> She was ] throughout her realms, including in Pakistan, where she was honoured with a ] on 8 February.<ref>{{citation\|first1=Brian\|last1=Barker\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGdnAAAAMAAJ\|title=When the Queen was crowned\|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul\|year=1976\|pages=29\|isbn=9780710083975}}</ref><ref name=islam/><ref>{{citation\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2lKAQAAIAAJ\|title=Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth: The dominions and India since 1900\|year=1985\|publisher=Greenwood Press\|pages=183\| isbn=9780313273261 }}</ref><ref name="The Table: Volumes 20-23"/>

			Andrew Michie wrote in 1952 that "Elizabeth II embodies in her own person many monarchies", as she was Queen of the United Kingdom, but was also equally Queen of Pakistan. He added that it was "now possible for Elizabeth II to be, in practice as well as theory, equally Queen in all her realms".<ref>{{cite book \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lXwzAAAAIAAJ&q=%22equally+queen%22+%22elizabeth+II%22 \|last = Michie \|first = Allan Andrew \|title = The Crown and the People \|page = 52\|publisher = Secker & Warburg \|location = London \|year = 1952 \|access-date = 14 September 2017 }}</ref>

			] was embroidered with the three emblems of Pakistan: wheat, in oat-shaped diamante and fronds of golden crystal; cotton, made in silver with leaves of green silk; and jute, embroidered in green silk and golden thread.]]

			During ] in 1953, ] was crowned as Queen of Pakistan and other independent Commonwealth realms.<ref>{{cite web\|title=The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II\|website = ]\| date=27 January 2008 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGLN1kREJ2Q&t=280s\|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> In her ] Oath, the Queen promised "to govern the Peoples of … Pakistan … according to their respective laws and customs".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.oremus.org/liturgy/coronation/cor1953b.html \|title=The Form and Order of Service that is to be performed and the Ceremonies that are to be observed in the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster, on Tuesday, the second day of June, 1953 \|publisher=Oremus.org \|access-date=2013-02-03}}</ref> The ] was embroidered with the floral emblems of each ], and it featured the ]: wheat, in oat-shaped diamante and fronds of golden crystal; cotton, made in silver with leaves of green silk; and jute, embroidered in green silk and golden thread.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://fashion-era.com/coronation_dress.htm\|title=Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Gown\|publisher=Fashion Era\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606002208/https://fashion-era.com/coronation_dress.htm\|access-date=30 April 2011\|archive-date=2011-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=Queen of the World \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5y9LDwAAQBAJ\|date=2018\|first1=Robert\|last1=Hardman\|publisher=Random House\|isbn=9781473549647}}</ref>

			The Standard of Pakistan at the Coronation was borne by ].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=40020 \|date=17 November 1953 \|page=6240 \|supp=1 }}</ref> Major-General Mohd. Yusuf Khan served as the head of Pakistan's Coronation Contingent.<ref name=pakcoro/> Pakistani naval vessels ] and ] took part in the ] at ] on 15 June 1953,<ref>Souvenir Programme, ''Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15th June 1953'', HMSO, Gale and Polden</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url=http://cloudobservers.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/05/07.-Jul-Spithead-Review-1953.pdf\| title=Coronation Review of the Fleet\| last=Day\| first=A.\| date=22 May 1953\| publisher=Cloud Observers Association\| access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|page=167\|title=Pakistan\| year=1952 \|publisher=Pakistan Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ad8TAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> which cost approximately 81,000 rupees.<ref>{{citation\|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 2 \|page=18 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng3Ap3gOD8wC\|author=Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature\|year=1953}}</ref>

			Eighty seats were reserved for Pakistanis in the Abbey for the Coronation.<ref name=pakcoro>{{citation\|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 2\|page=469\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng3Ap3gOD8wC\|author=Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature\|year=1953}}</ref> Prime Minister ], also attended the Coronation on 2 June, along with his wife and two sons,<ref>{{citation\|title=Pakistan Affairs: Volumes 5-6\|year=1951\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ElY8AQAAIAAJ\|page=1\|volume=6}}</ref> after which he attended the ] from 3 June to 9 June 1953, in London.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Schofield\|first1=Victoria\|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War\|date=2000\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|isbn=9781860648984\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC \|page=85 \|access-date=9 July 2017\|language=en \|chapter=Special Status}}</ref>

			The Government of Pakistan spent approximately 482,000 rupees for the Queen's Coronation. Prime Minister Bogra justified the expenditure by saying that Pakistan being a member of the Commonwealth "has to fall in line with other sister Dominions on such occasions".<ref>{{citation\|page=890\|title=Debates. Official Report\|year=1953\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oHodAAAAIAAJ\|author=Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature}}</ref>

			In 1953, ] ] dismissed Prime Minister ] for attempting to equalise the power of West and ]. The prime minister attempted to reverse this decision by pleading to the Queen, but she refused to intervene. Citing this incident, Akhilesh Pillalamarri of '']'' wrote that "She deliberately kept from interfering in the country and her governors-general were presidents of Pakistan in all but name."<ref name=Pillalamarriwhenqueen/>

			At the ], the Prime Minister of Pakistan informed fellow Commonwealth leaders that Pakistan would be adopting a republican constitution, but desired Pakistan to remain a member of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth leaders issued a declaration on 4 February, in which it was said:<ref>{{citation\|page=44\|title=The Commonwealth at the Summit: Communiqués of Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings, 1944-1986\|year=1987\|isbn=9780850923179\|author=Commonwealth Secretariat\|publisher=Commonwealth Secretariat}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|page=115\|title=Commonwealth Survey: Volume 1\|year=1955\|publisher=Central Office of Information\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MeMDAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

			{{blockquote\|The Government of Pakistan have informed the other Governments of the Commonwealth of the intention of the Pakistan people that under the new Constitution which is about to be adopted, Pakistan shall become a sovereign independent Republic. The Government of Pakistan, have, however, declared and affirmed Pakistan's desire to continue her full membership of the ] and her acceptance of the Queen as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations, and as such the Head of the Commonwealth.}}

			In 1955, the Pakistani Government recommended to the Queen that ] ] should succeed Sir Ghulam Muhammad as the next governor-general, the Queen's representative in Pakistan. On 19 September, it was officially announced that the Queen had appointed Iskander Mirza to be the governor-general, with effect from 6 October 1955. Mirza took office after the ] from the Queen was read out.<ref>{{citation\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCNuAAAAMAAJ\|pages=220, 225\|title=Iskander Mirza, Rise and Fall of a President\|year=1997\|author=Aḥmad Salīm\|publisher=Gora Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958\|author=Syed Nur Ahmad\|year=2019\|isbn=9780429716560\|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51SsDwAAQBAJ\|quote=Then Muhammad Ali presented the letter to the cabinet and proposed that the cabinet recommend to the Queen that the application for leave be accepted and that General Iskandar Mirza be appointed acting governor-general. The cabinet agreed and the decision was announced immediately. The next day the Queen gave her sanction and Iskandar Mirza took the oath of office.}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=Iskander Mirza, Rise and Fall of a President\|author=Aḥmad Salīm\|year=1997\|publisher=Gora Publishers \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCNuAAAAMAAJ\|pages=220}}</ref>

			The Queen also congratulated the retiring governor-general, Sir Ghulam Mohammad, on the manner in which he carried out his duties as the governor-general.<ref>{{citation\|page=294\|title=Iskander Mirza Speaks: Speeches, Statements and Private Papers\|year=1997\|publisher=Gora Publishers\|author=Iskandar Mirzā\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXjjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
			{{Clear}}

			===Abolition===

			The Pakistani monarchy was abolished on the adoption of a ] on ].<ref name="Bowman2000">{{cite book\|author=John Stewart Bowman\|title=Columbia chronologies of Asian history and culture\|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john\|url-access=registration\|access-date=22 March 2011\|year=2000\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-11004-4\|page=}}</ref> Pakistan became a ]. The Queen sent a message to the ] Major-General Mirza, in which she said: "I have followed with close interest the progress of your country since its establishment ... It is a source of great satisfaction to me to know that your country intends to remain within the Commonwealth. I am confident that Pakistan and other countries of the Commonwealth will continue to thrive and to benefit from their mutual association".<ref>{{citation\|title=Queen Elizabeth Sends Message \|date=9 April 1956\|work=Pakistan Affairs \|volume=9 \|issue=6\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVEdAQAAMAAJ\|page=7}}</ref>

			The Queen visited Pakistan as ] in 1961 and 1997, accompanied by ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/Commonwealthvisitssince1952.aspx\|title=Commonwealth visits since 1952\|website=Official website of the British monarchy\|access-date=4 September 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412031035/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/Commonwealthvisitssince1952.aspx\|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref>

			Pakistan left the Commonwealth in 1972 over the issue of the former ] province becoming independent as ]. It rejoined in 1989, then was ] twice: firstly from 18 October 1999 to 22 May 2004 and secondly from 22 November 2007 to 22 May 2008.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16908628\|title=Profile: Commonwealth of Nations - Timeline \|work=BBC News\|date=26 September 2014\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

	===Symbols===
	<gallery class="center" widths="200px">		<gallery class="center" widths="200px">
			Nazir-Ahmed-Queen-Elizabeth.jpg\|The Queen with ], chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
	Flag of the Governor-General of Pakistan (1952–1956).svg\|The flag of the Governor-General of Pakistan featuring the ]
			Queenelizabeth-chittagongG1.jpg\|Queen Elizabeth II visiting ], ], in 1961
	Pakistan stamp.jpg\|A Pakistani stamp featuring King George VI
			Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in Pakistan 2019.png\|The ] and ] during their tour of Pakistan in 2019
	Royal Pakistan Air Force flying badge.jpeg\|Flying badge of the Royal Pakistan Air Force featuring the ]
	Pakistan Independence Medal 1947 (Obverse).jpg\|The obverse of the 1949 ] bearing the ] of King George VI
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==Title==		==Title==
	Before 1952, the monarch's title was same throughout all realms and territories. It was agreed at the Commonwealth Economic Conference in London in December 1952 that each of the ], including Pakistan, could adopt its own royal titles for the monarch.<ref name=kc/><ref>{{citation\|title=Queen & Commonwealth: 90 Glorious Years\|year=2016\|publisher=Henley Media Group\|pages=61\|url=https://commonwealthbc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/QC_90_Glorious_Years_LR.pdf\|isbn=9780992802066}}</ref> The Queen's official title in Pakistan, per the official proclamation in ''The Gazette of Pakistan'' on 29 May 1953, was "Elizabeth the Second, Queen of the United Kingdom and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth".<ref name=kc>{{cite journal \|journal=American Political Science Review \|volume=47 \|issue=4 \|page=1022 \|year=1953 \|title=The Nature and Structure of the Commonwealth \|first=K.C. \|last=Wheare \|author-link=K. C. Wheare \|jstor=1951122 \|doi=10.2307/1951122}}</ref><ref></ref>

			]
	As Pakistan was an Muslim nation, the phrases ''by the Grace of God'' and ''Defender of the Faith'' were omitted. The title "Defender of the Faith" reflected the Sovereign's position as the ], who is thus formally superior to the ].<ref name=kc/>

			Before 1953, the monarch's title was same throughout all realms and territories. It was agreed at the Commonwealth Economic Conference in London in December 1952 that each of the ], including Pakistan, could adopt its own royal titles for the monarch.<ref name=kc/><ref>{{citation\|title=Queen & Commonwealth: 90 Glorious Years\|year=2016\|publisher=Henley Media Group\|pages=61\|url=https://commonwealthbc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/QC_90_Glorious_Years_LR.pdf\|isbn=9780992802066}}</ref> The Queen's official title in Pakistan, per the official proclamation in ''The Gazette of Pakistan'' on 29 May 1953, was "Elizabeth the Second, Queen of the United Kingdom and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth".<ref name=kc>{{cite journal \|journal=American Political Science Review \|volume=47 \|issue=4 \|page=1022 \|year=1953 \|title=The Nature and Structure of the Commonwealth \|first=K.C. \|last=Wheare \|author-link=K. C. Wheare \|jstor=1951122 \|doi=10.2307/1951122\|s2cid=147443295 }}</ref><ref></ref>
	==Reign of George VI (1947–1952)==

			As Pakistan was a Muslim-majority country, the phrases '']'' and '']'' were omitted. The title "Defender of the Faith" reflected the Sovereign's position as the ], who is thus formally superior to the ].<ref name=kc/>
	]

			== Constitutional role ==
	Under the ], ] was to be divided into the independent sovereign states of India and Pakistan. From 1947 to 1952, George VI was the sovereign of Pakistan, which shared the same person as its sovereign with the ] and the other ]s in the British ].<ref>{{cite ODNB\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33370\|title=George VI\|access-date=20 April 2008\|last=Matthew\|first=H. C. G.\|date=September 2004\|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33370\|quote=India and Pakistan remained among the king's dominions but both were set on republican courses, becoming republics within the Commonwealth in 1950 and 1956 respectively.}}</ref><ref name=harshan>{{citation\|last1=Kumarasingham\|first1=Harshan\|title=THE 'TROPICAL DOMINIONS': THE APPEAL OF DOMINION STATUS IN THE DECOLONISATION OF INDIA, PAKISTAN AND CEYLON, vol. 23\| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23726109?seq=1 \|year=2013\|publisher=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society\|pages=223}}</ref>

			Pakistan was one of the ] of the ] that shared the same person as ] and head of state.<ref name=harshan/>
	In August 1947, King George VI appointed Mohammad Ali Jinnah as Governor General of Pakistan and authorised him to exercise and perform all the powers and duties as his representative in Pakistan. Mohammad Ali Jinnah took the following oath of office:<ref name=dawn/>

			Effective with the ], no British government minister could advise the sovereign on any matters pertaining to Pakistan, meaning that on all matters of the ], the monarch was advised solely by Pakistani ].<ref>{{citation\|title=From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958\|author=Syed Nur Ahmad\|year=2019\|isbn=9780429716560\|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51SsDwAAQBAJ\|quote=The British High Commissioner treated Nazimuddin with the utmost respect and after hearing his plea agreed that Queen Elizabeth was monarch of both Britain and Pakistan. However, it was necessary to make a distinction between the two. If Nazimuddin wished to put his case before the Queen of Pakistan he was free to do so, but the High Commissioner was a representative of the Queen of Great Britain only and was in Pakistan in that capacity alone. He was not the representative of the Queen of Pakistan and could not be an intermediary for talks between Nazimuddin and his Queen.}}</ref> All Pakistani bills required ].<ref name=dawn>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/783530/transfer-of-power-and-jinnah\|title=Transfer of power and Jinnah \|work=DAWN\|date=4 February 2013\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> The Pakistani monarch was represented in the ] by the ], who was appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Pakistani Government.<ref>{{citation\|title=Political development in Pakistan\|isbn=9781400876389\|year=1965\|author=Karl Von Vorys\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1h_WCgAAQBAJ\|page=272}}</ref>
	{{quote\|"I, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, do solemnly affirm true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of Pakistan as by law established and that I will be faithful to His Majesty King George VI, in the office of Governor General of Pakistan."}}

			===The Crown and Government===
	], the Prime minister of Pakistan with George VI, King of Pakistan, and other Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London for the ]]]

			], seated on the throne of Pakistan, carrying out official duties as the monarch's representative]]
	Jinnah died of tuberculosis on 11 September 1948, while in office. The King confirmed the appointment of ] as the next governor-general by a Royal decree which said:<ref>{{citation\|title=Three Presidents, Three Prime Ministers: Fragmentary Recollections of the Author's Days with Chaudhry Muhammad Ali ...\|year=1996\|isbn=9789694960074\|publisher=Dost Publications\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Three_Presidents_Three_Prime_Ministers/gf5tAAAAMAAJ\|page=15}}</ref>

			The Pakistani monarch and the federal legislature constituted the Parliament of Pakistan. All executive powers of Pakistan rested with the sovereign.<ref>{{citation\|title=The Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy\|author=Allen McGrath\|year=1996\|isbn=9780195775839\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0FuAAAAMAAJ\|page=270}}</ref> All laws in Pakistan were enacted only with the granting of ], done by the governor-general on behalf of the sovereign.<ref name=ggp/> The governor-general was also responsible for summoning, ], and ] the Federal Legislature.<ref name=ggp/> The governor-general had the power to choose and appoint the Council of Ministers and could dismiss them under his discretion. All Pakistani ministers of the Crown held office at the pleasure of the governor-general.<ref name=ggp/>
	{{quote\|"On the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, His Majesty the King is pleased to appoint Khwaja Nazimuddin as Acting Governor-General of Pakistan in the vacancy occasioned by the sad demise of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah."}}

			===The Crown and Foreign affairs===
	King George VI died in his sleep in the early hours of 6 February 1952. The King's death was deeply mourned in Pakistan. In view of the King's death, all Government Offices in Pakistan remained closed on 7 February. All places of amusement and business-houses closed, and the Government cancelled all official engagements. Most Pakistani newspapers were issued with black borders on 7 February. On 15 February, the day of the funeral, a national two minutes' silence was observed throughout Pakistan, and a salute of 56 guns was fired, one for each year of the King's life. All Pakistani flags were flown at half-mast till the day of the funeral.<ref>{{citation\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Table/K4SIAAAAMAAJ\|title=The Table: Volumes 20-23\|year=1952\|publisher=Butterworth. \|pages=112}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=George VI\|author=Denis Judd\|year=2012\|isbn=9780857730411\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/George_VI/yJ6LDwAAQBAJ\|page=LV}}</ref><ref name=islam>{{citation\|title=Islam: 1950-1952\|year=2004\|publisher=Archive Editions\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Islam_1950_1952/79UkAQAAMAAJ\|page=513}}</ref>

			<!-- Deleted image removed: ] for the Pakistani Ambassador to the ], from ] to ], 24 January 1955]] -->
	In the Pakistani Legislature, ], the Prime Minister said that the King's reign will always be remembered by Pakistanis as "the period during which the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent carved out a homeland for themselves".<ref>{{citation\|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1\|year=1952\|publisher=Manager of Publications\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Constituent_Assembly_Legislature_of/2hCQBuEd4x4C\|volume=1\|page=2}}</ref>

			Pakistani ambassadors and representatives to foreign countries were accredited by the monarch in his or her capacity as the Sovereign of Pakistan and Pakistani envoys sent abroad required royal approval. The letters of credence and ] were formerly issued by the monarch.<ref>{{citation\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=68NDXmv4Wd8C\|page=510\|title=Digest of International Law: Volume 1\|year=1963\|author=Marjorie Millace Whiteman\|publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyAOAQAAMAAJ\|page=70\|title=Department of State Publication: Issue 8512\|year=1970\|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}}</ref>
	==Reign of Elizabeth II (1952–1956)==
	] (second from left) with the Queen and other Commonwealth leaders, 1955]]

			===The Crown and the Courts===
	Following George VI's death on 6 February 1952, his daughter Princess Elizabeth, who was in Kenya at that time, became the new monarch of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.dailyo.in/variety/pakistan-facts-queen-elizabeth-sugarcane-juice-football-indus-valley-civilisation-mehrgarh/story/1/25691.html\|title=5 things you may not have known about Pakistan \|work=DailyO\|date=25 July 2018\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms including Pakistan, where the proclamation on 8 February was surrounded by some of the old splendours of the former Imperial times.<ref>{{citation\|first1=Brian\|last1=Barker\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/When_the_Queen_was_Crowned/CGdnAAAAMAAJ\|title=When the Queen was crowned\|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul\|year=1976\|pages=29\|isbn=9780710083975}}</ref> The proclamation, which was signed by the Secretary to the Government of Pakistan, read: "The Governor-General proclaims that Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second is now become Queen of Her Realms and Territories and Head of the Commonwealth". A salute of 21 guns was also fired.<ref name=islam/><ref>{{citation\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Select_Documents_on_the_Constitutional_H/g2lKAQAAIAAJ\|title=Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth: The dominions and India since 1900\|year=1985\|publisher=Greenwood Press\|pages=183}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Table/K4SIAAAAMAAJ\|title=The Table: Volumes 20-23\|year=1952\|publisher=Butterworth. \|pages=112}}</ref>

			Within the Commonwealth realms, the sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the ''fount of justice''.<ref>{{citation\|last1=Davis\|first1=Reginald\|title=Elizabeth, our Queen\|year=1976\|publisher=Collins\|isbn=9780002112338\|pages=36}}</ref> In Pakistan, criminal offences were legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for ] offences were brought in the sovereign's name in the form of ''The Crown versus ''.<ref>{{citation\|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1\|year=1952\|publisher=Manager of Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hCQBuEd4x4C\|pages=535}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=Pakistan Law Reports: Lahore series · Volume 9, Part 2\|year=1956\|publisher=Government Book Depot.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUXWfDF3bIwC\|pages=1159, 1161}}</ref> Hence, the ] held that the sovereign "can do no wrong"; the ] in his or her own courts for criminal offences.<ref>{{Halsbury\|12(1)\|Crown Proceedings and Crown Practice\|101}}</ref> The governor-general of Pakistan was also exempted from any proceedings against him in any Pakistani court.<ref name=ggp>{{citation\|last1=Bin Sayeed\|first1=Khalid\|title=The Governor-General of Pakistan\|journal=Pakistan Horizon\| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41392177 \|year=1955\|volume=8\|issue=2\|publisher=Pakistan Institute of International Affairs\|pages=330–339\|jstor=41392177}}</ref>
	], chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]]

			==Vice-regal residences==
	During the Queen's ] in 1953, Elizabeth II was crowned as Queen of Pakistan and other independent Commonwealth realms.<ref>{{cite web\|title=The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGLN1kREJ2Q&t=280s\|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> In her ] Oath, the Queen promised "to govern the Peoples of ... Pakistan ... according to their respective laws and customs".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.oremus.org/liturgy/coronation/cor1953b.html \|title=The Form and Order of Service that is to be performed and the Ceremonies that are to be observed in the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster, on Tuesday, the second day of June, 1953 \|publisher=Oremus.org \|access-date=2013-02-03}}</ref> The Standard of Pakistan at the Coronation was borne by ].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=40020 \|date=17 November 1953 \|page=6240 \|supp=1 }}</ref> The ], was embroidered with the floral emblems of each Commonwealth nation, and it featured the ]: wheat, in oat-shaped diamante and fronds of golden crystal; cotton, made in silver with leaves of green silk; and jute, embroidered in green silk and golden thread.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606002208/https://fashion-era.com/coronation_dress.htm\|title=Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Gown\|publisher=Fashion Era\|access-date=30 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=Queen of the World \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Queen_of_the_World/5y9LDwAAQBAJ\|date=2018\|first1=Robert\|last1=Hardman\|publisher=Random House\|isbn=9781473549647}}</ref> The ], ] also attended the Coronation on 2 June, along with his wife and two sons,<ref>{{citation\|title=Pakistan Affairs: Volumes 5-6\|year=1951\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Pakistan_Affairs/ElY8AQAAIAAJ\|page=1\|volume=6}}</ref> after which he attended the ] from 3 June to 9 June 1953, in London.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Schofield\|first1=Victoria\|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War\|date=2000\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|isbn=9781860648984\|chapter-url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC \|page=85 \|access-date=9 July 2017\|language=en \|chapter=Special Status}}</ref>

			The representative of the Pakistani monarch officially resided at ], in the city of ]. All four governors-general lived there until 1956, when the monarchy was abolished, and the residence was renamed President's House.<ref name=gghouse/>
	In 1953, ] ] fired Prime Minister ] for attempting to equalize the power of West and East Pakistan. The prime minister attempted to reverse this decision by pleading to the Queen, but she refused to intervene.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/when-elizabeth-ii-was-queen-of-pakistan/ \|title=When Elizabeth II Was Queen of Pakistan\|work=The Diplomat \|date=17 March 2016 \|access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref>

			All oath taking ceremonies were held at the Darbar Hall of Governor-General's House. The Hall also contains a throne which was made for ] during his tour of India as ] in 1876, and was also used by ] during the ] in 1911. All governors-general took salutes at the terrace of the house on national days as the contingents of guards marched past.<ref name=gghouse>{{cite web\|url=http://www.governorsindh.gov.pk/history/\|title=History of the Governor House\|work=Governor of Sindh\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203232007/http://www.governorsindh.gov.pk/history/ \|archive-date=3 February 2011}}</ref>
	In 1955, the Pakistani Government recommended the Queen that ] should succeed Ghulam Muhammad as the next governor-general, the Queen's representative in Pakistan. The Queen gave her consent the next day and Mirza became the governor-general.<ref>{{citation\|title=From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958\|author=Syed Nur Ahmad\|year=2019\|isbn=9780429716560\|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/From_Martial_Law_To_Martial_Law/51SsDwAAQBAJ\|quote=Then Muhammad Ali presented the letter to the cabinet and proposed that the cabinet recommend to the Queen that the application for leave be accepted and that General Iskandar Mirza be appointed acting governor general. The cabinet agreed and the decision was announced immediately. The next day the Queen gave her sanction and Iskandar Mirza took the oath of office.}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|title=Iskander Mirza, Rise and Fall of a President\|author=Aḥmad Salīm\|year=1997\|publisher=Gora Publishers \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Iskander_Mirza_Rise_and_Fall_of_a_Presid/sCNuAAAAMAAJ\|pages=220}}</ref>
	{{Clear}}

	==~~Abolition~~==		==Cultural role==

			===The Crown and Honours===
	The Pakistani monarchy was abolished on the adoption of a ] on ].<ref name="Bowman2000">{{cite book\|author=John Stewart Bowman\|title=Columbia chronologies of Asian history and culture\|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john\|url-access=registration\|access-date=22 March 2011\|year=2000\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-11004-4\|page=}}</ref> However, Pakistan became a ]. The Queen sent a message to Pakistanis which said, "I have followed with close interest the progress of your country since its establishment ... It is a source of great satisfaction to me to know that your country intends to remain the Commonwealth. I am confident that Pakistan and other countries of the Commonwealth will continue to thrive and to benefit from their mutual association".<ref>{{citation\|title=Queen Elizabeth Sends Message \|date=9 April 1956\|work=Pakistan Affairs \|volume=9 \|issue=6\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Pakistan_Affairs/gVEdAQAAMAAJ\|page=7}}</ref>

			Within the Commonwealth realms, the monarch is deemed the ].<ref>{{citation\|title=Commonwealth Journal: The Journal of the Royal Commonwealth Society · Volumes 12-14\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inArAQAAMAAJ\|pages=99\|year=1969\|publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society}}</ref> Similarly, the monarch, as Sovereign of Pakistan, conferred awards and honours in Pakistan in his or her name. Most of them were awarded on the advice of "His Majesty's Pakistan Ministers" (or "Her Majesty's Pakistan Ministers").<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=39737 \|date=30 December 1952 \|page=49 \|supp=6 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=40057 \|date=29 December 1953 \|page=49 \|supp=5 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=40673 \|date=30 December 1955 \|page=49 \|supp=5 }}</ref>
	The Queen visited Pakistan as ] in 1961 and 1997, accompanied by ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/Commonwealthvisitssince1952.aspx\|title=Commonwealth visits since 1952\|website=Official website of the British monarchy\|access-date=4 September 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412031035/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/Commonwealthvisitssince1952.aspx\|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref>

			;See also:
	Pakistan left the Commonwealth in 1972 over the issue of the former ] province becoming independent as Bangladesh. It rejoined in 1989, then was ] twice: firstly from 18 October 1999 to 22 May 2004 and secondly from 22 November 2007 to 22 May 2008.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16908628\|title=Profile: Commonwealth of Nations - Timeline \|work=BBC News\|date=26 September 2014\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>
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			===The Crown and the Defence Force===

			The Crown sat at the pinnacle of the ]. It was reflected in Pakistan's naval vessels, which bore the prefix ''HMPS'', i.e., ''Her Majesty's Pakistan Ship'' (or ''His Majesty's Pakistan Ship'' during the reign of George VI).<ref>{{citation\|last1=Shukal\|first1=Om Prakash\|title=Excellence In Life\|year=2007\|publisher=Gyan Publishing House\|isbn=9788121209632\|pages=332}}</ref> The ] and the ] were known as ] and ] respectively. The prefix "Royal" was dropped when the Pakistani monarchy was abolished.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.html\|title=PN History \|work=Pakistan Navy\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.paf.gov.pk/#/history\|title=Infancy to Independence \|work=Pakistan Air Force\|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

			===Pakistani royal symbols===

	<gallery class="center" widths="200px">		<gallery class="center" widths="200px">
			Flag of the Governor-General of Pakistan (1952–1956).svg\|The flag of the ] featuring ]
	Queenelizabeth-chittagongG1.jpg\|Queen Elizabeth II visiting Chittagong, East Pakistan in 1961
			Pakistan stamp.jpg\|A Pakistani stamp featuring ]
	Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in Pakistan 2019.png\|The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge during their tour of Pakistan in 2019
			Royal Pakistan Air Force flying badge.jpeg\|Flying badge of the ] (RPAF) featuring the ]
			Pakistan Independence Medal 1947 (Obverse).jpg\|The obverse of the 1949 ] bearing the ] of King George VI
			Badge of Baluch Regiment 1945-56.jpg\|The badge of ], ], featuring the Tudor Crown
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==List of Pakistani monarchs==		==List of Pakistani monarchs==

	{\| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
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	\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|]		\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|]
	\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|''']'''<br /><small>(1895–1952)</small>		\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|''']'''<br /><small>(1895–1952)</small>
	\|14 August 1947		\|14 August 1947
	\|6 February 1952		\|6 February 1952
	\|Albert Frederick Arthur George		\|Albert Frederick Arthur George
	\|]		\|]
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	\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|]		\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|]
	\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|''']'''<br /><small>(~~1926–~~)</small>		\| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|''']'''<br /><small>(1926–2022)</small>
	\|6 February 1952		\|6 February 1952
	\|23 March 1956		\|23 March 1956
	\|Elizabeth Alexandra Mary		\|Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
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	==See also==		==See also==
			* ]
	* ]
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			* ]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist~~\|colwidth=30em~~}}		{{reflist}}

			==External links==
			*

			{{Heads of State of Pakistan}}
	{{Commonwealth realms}}		{{Commonwealth realms}}
			{{Pakistan topics}}
			{{George VI}}
			{{Elizabeth II}}

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Latest revision as of 04:02, 8 January 2025

Pakistan's head of state from 1947 to 1956 Not to be confused with Princely states of Pakistan.

Monarchy of Pakistan
Coat of arms of Pakistan

Last to reign Elizabeth II 6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956


Details
Style	His Majesty 1947–1952 Her Majesty 1952–1956
First monarch	George VI
Last monarch	Elizabeth II
Formation	14 August 1947
Abolition	23 March 1956

From 1947 to 1956, the Dominion of Pakistan was a self-governing country within the Commonwealth of Nations that shared a monarch with the United Kingdom and the other Dominions of the Commonwealth. The monarch's constitutional roles in Pakistan were mostly delegated to a vice-regal representative, the governor-general of Pakistan.

The dominion was created by the Indian Independence Act 1947, which divided British India into two independent sovereign states of India and Pakistan. The monarchy was abolished on 23 March 1956, when Pakistan became a republic within the Commonwealth with a president as its head of state.

History

Reign of George VI (1947–1952)

Under the Indian Independence Act 1947, British India was to be divided into the independent sovereign states of India and Pakistan. From 1947 to 1952, King George VI was the sovereign of Pakistan, with Pakistan sharing the sovereign with the United Kingdom and the other Dominions of the Commonwealth of Nations.

To mark the independence of Pakistan, the King sent a message of congratulations to its people, which was read by Lord Mountbatten in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 14 August 1947. In his message, the King said in "achieving your independence by agreement, you have set an example to all freedom-loving people throughout the world". He told the Pakistani people to be "assured always of my sympathy and support as I watch your continuing efforts to advance the cause of humanity".

The King appointed Mohammad Ali Jinnah as the governor-general of Pakistan and authorised him to exercise and perform all the powers and duties as his representative in Pakistan. Mohammad Ali Jinnah took the following oath of office:

"I, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, do solemnly affirm true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of Pakistan as by law established and that I will be faithful to His Majesty King George VI, in the office of governor general of Pakistan."

Jinnah died of tuberculosis on 11 September 1948, while in office. The King confirmed the appointment of Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin as the next governor-general by a Royal decree which said:

"On the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, His Majesty the King is pleased to appoint Khwaja Nazimuddin as acting governor-general of Pakistan in the vacancy occasioned by the sad demise of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah."

In 1951, Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin resigned from the post of governor-general to become the new prime minister. The King appointed Sir Ghulam Mohammed as the third governor-general of Pakistan.

King George VI died in his sleep in the early hours of 6 February 1952. The King's death was deeply mourned in Pakistan. In view of the King's death, all government offices in Pakistan remained closed on 7 February. All places of amusement and business-houses closed, and the government cancelled all official engagements. Most Pakistani newspapers were issued with black borders on 7 February. On 15 February, the day of the funeral, a national two minutes' silence was observed throughout Pakistan, and a salute of 56 guns was fired, one for each year of the King's life. All Pakistani flags were flown at half-mast till the day of the funeral.

In the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, the Dominion's federal legislature, Prime Minister Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin said that the King's reign will always be remembered by Pakistanis as "the period during which the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent carved out a homeland for themselves".

Reign of Elizabeth II (1952–1956)

Following George VI's death on 6 February 1952, his elder daughter Princess Elizabeth became the new monarch of Pakistan. She was proclaimed Queen throughout her realms, including in Pakistan, where she was honoured with a 21-gun salute on 8 February.

Andrew Michie wrote in 1952 that "Elizabeth II embodies in her own person many monarchies", as she was Queen of the United Kingdom, but was also equally Queen of Pakistan. He added that it was "now possible for Elizabeth II to be, in practice as well as theory, equally Queen in all her realms".

During her coronation in 1953, Elizabeth II was crowned as Queen of Pakistan and other independent Commonwealth realms. In her Coronation Oath, the Queen promised "to govern the Peoples of … Pakistan … according to their respective laws and customs". The Queen's coronation gown was embroidered with the floral emblems of each Commonwealth nation, and it featured the three emblems of Pakistan: wheat, in oat-shaped diamante and fronds of golden crystal; cotton, made in silver with leaves of green silk; and jute, embroidered in green silk and golden thread.

The Standard of Pakistan at the Coronation was borne by Mirza Abol Hassan Ispahani. Major-General Mohd. Yusuf Khan served as the head of Pakistan's Coronation Contingent. Pakistani naval vessels HMPS Zulfiqar and HMPS Jhelum took part in the Coronation Review of the fleet at Spithead on 15 June 1953, which cost approximately 81,000 rupees.

Eighty seats were reserved for Pakistanis in the Abbey for the Coronation. Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Bogra, also attended the Coronation on 2 June, along with his wife and two sons, after which he attended the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference from 3 June to 9 June 1953, in London.

The Government of Pakistan spent approximately 482,000 rupees for the Queen's Coronation. Prime Minister Bogra justified the expenditure by saying that Pakistan being a member of the Commonwealth "has to fall in line with other sister Dominions on such occasions".

In 1953, Governor-General Sir Ghulam Muhammad dismissed Prime Minister Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin for attempting to equalise the power of West and East Pakistan. The prime minister attempted to reverse this decision by pleading to the Queen, but she refused to intervene. Citing this incident, Akhilesh Pillalamarri of The Diplomat wrote that "She deliberately kept from interfering in the country and her governors-general were presidents of Pakistan in all but name."

At the 1955 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, the Prime Minister of Pakistan informed fellow Commonwealth leaders that Pakistan would be adopting a republican constitution, but desired Pakistan to remain a member of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth leaders issued a declaration on 4 February, in which it was said:

The Government of Pakistan have informed the other Governments of the Commonwealth of the intention of the Pakistan people that under the new Constitution which is about to be adopted, Pakistan shall become a sovereign independent Republic. The Government of Pakistan, have, however, declared and affirmed Pakistan's desire to continue her full membership of the Commonwealth of Nations and her acceptance of the Queen as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations, and as such the Head of the Commonwealth.

In 1955, the Pakistani Government recommended to the Queen that Major-General Iskander Mirza should succeed Sir Ghulam Muhammad as the next governor-general, the Queen's representative in Pakistan. On 19 September, it was officially announced that the Queen had appointed Iskander Mirza to be the governor-general, with effect from 6 October 1955. Mirza took office after the Royal sign-manual from the Queen was read out.

The Queen also congratulated the retiring governor-general, Sir Ghulam Mohammad, on the manner in which he carried out his duties as the governor-general.

Abolition

The Pakistani monarchy was abolished on the adoption of a republican constitution on 23 March 1956. Pakistan became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations. The Queen sent a message to the new president Major-General Mirza, in which she said: "I have followed with close interest the progress of your country since its establishment ... It is a source of great satisfaction to me to know that your country intends to remain within the Commonwealth. I am confident that Pakistan and other countries of the Commonwealth will continue to thrive and to benefit from their mutual association".

The Queen visited Pakistan as Head of the Commonwealth in 1961 and 1997, accompanied by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Pakistan left the Commonwealth in 1972 over the issue of the former East Pakistan province becoming independent as Bangladesh. It rejoined in 1989, then was suspended from the Commonwealth twice: firstly from 18 October 1999 to 22 May 2004 and secondly from 22 November 2007 to 22 May 2008.

The Queen with Nazir Ahmed, chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Queen Elizabeth II visiting Chittagong, East Pakistan, in 1961
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge during their tour of Pakistan in 2019

Title

Before 1953, the monarch's title was same throughout all realms and territories. It was agreed at the Commonwealth Economic Conference in London in December 1952 that each of the Queen's realms, including Pakistan, could adopt its own royal titles for the monarch. The Queen's official title in Pakistan, per the official proclamation in The Gazette of Pakistan on 29 May 1953, was "Elizabeth the Second, Queen of the United Kingdom and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth".

As Pakistan was a Muslim-majority country, the phrases by the Grace of God and Defender of the Faith were omitted. The title "Defender of the Faith" reflected the Sovereign's position as the supreme governor of the Church of England, who is thus formally superior to the archbishop of Canterbury.

Constitutional role

Pakistan was one of the realms of the Commonwealth of Nations that shared the same person as Sovereign and head of state.

Effective with the Indian Independence Act 1947, no British government minister could advise the sovereign on any matters pertaining to Pakistan, meaning that on all matters of the Dominion of Pakistan, the monarch was advised solely by Pakistani ministers of the Crown. All Pakistani bills required Royal assent. The Pakistani monarch was represented in the Dominion by the governor-general of Pakistan, who was appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Pakistani Government.

The Crown and Government

The Pakistani monarch and the federal legislature constituted the Parliament of Pakistan. All executive powers of Pakistan rested with the sovereign. All laws in Pakistan were enacted only with the granting of Royal Assent, done by the governor-general on behalf of the sovereign. The governor-general was also responsible for summoning, proroguing, and dissolving the Federal Legislature. The governor-general had the power to choose and appoint the Council of Ministers and could dismiss them under his discretion. All Pakistani ministers of the Crown held office at the pleasure of the governor-general.

The Crown and Foreign affairs

Pakistani ambassadors and representatives to foreign countries were accredited by the monarch in his or her capacity as the Sovereign of Pakistan and Pakistani envoys sent abroad required royal approval. The letters of credence and letters of recall were formerly issued by the monarch.

The Crown and the Courts

Within the Commonwealth realms, the sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the fount of justice. In Pakistan, criminal offences were legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for indictable offences were brought in the sovereign's name in the form of The Crown versus . Hence, the common law held that the sovereign "can do no wrong"; the monarch cannot be prosecuted in his or her own courts for criminal offences. The governor-general of Pakistan was also exempted from any proceedings against him in any Pakistani court.

Vice-regal residences

The representative of the Pakistani monarch officially resided at Governor-General's House, in the city of Karachi. All four governors-general lived there until 1956, when the monarchy was abolished, and the residence was renamed President's House.

All oath taking ceremonies were held at the Darbar Hall of Governor-General's House. The Hall also contains a throne which was made for King Edward VII during his tour of India as Prince of Wales in 1876, and was also used by Queen Mary during the Delhi Durbar in 1911. All governors-general took salutes at the terrace of the house on national days as the contingents of guards marched past.

Cultural role

The Crown and Honours

Within the Commonwealth realms, the monarch is deemed the fount of honour. Similarly, the monarch, as Sovereign of Pakistan, conferred awards and honours in Pakistan in his or her name. Most of them were awarded on the advice of "His Majesty's Pakistan Ministers" (or "Her Majesty's Pakistan Ministers").

See also

The Crown and the Defence Force

The Crown sat at the pinnacle of the Pakistan Defence Force. It was reflected in Pakistan's naval vessels, which bore the prefix HMPS, i.e., Her Majesty's Pakistan Ship (or His Majesty's Pakistan Ship during the reign of George VI). The Pakistan Navy and the Pakistan Air Force were known as Royal Pakistan Navy and Royal Pakistan Air Force respectively. The prefix "Royal" was dropped when the Pakistani monarchy was abolished.

Pakistani royal symbols

The flag of the governor-general of Pakistan featuring St Edward's Crown
A Pakistani stamp featuring King George VI
Flying badge of the Royal Pakistan Air Force (RPAF) featuring the Tudor Crown
The obverse of the 1949 Pakistan Medal bearing the royal cypher of King George VI
The badge of Baluch Regiment, Pakistan Army, featuring the Tudor Crown

List of Pakistani monarchs

No.	Portrait	Regnal name (Birth–Death)	Reign		Full name	Consort	Royal House
No.	Portrait	Regnal name (Birth–Death)	Start	End	Full name	Consort	Royal House
1		George VI (1895–1952)	14 August 1947	6 February 1952	Albert Frederick Arthur George	Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon	Windsor
1		George VI (1895–1952)	Governors-general: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, Sir Ghulam Muhammad Prime ministers: Liaquat Ali Khan, Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin
2		Elizabeth II (1926–2022)	6 February 1952	23 March 1956	Elizabeth Alexandra Mary	Philip Mountbatten	Windsor
2		Elizabeth II (1926–2022)	Governors-general: Sir Ghulam Muhammad, Iskander Mirza Prime ministers: Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, Mohammad Ali Bogra, Chaudhry Muhammad Ali

References

Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004). "George VI". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33370. Retrieved 20 April 2008. India and Pakistan remained among the king's dominions but both were set on republican courses, becoming republics within the Commonwealth in 1950 and 1956 respectively. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Kumarasingham, Harshan (2013), THE 'TROPICAL DOMINIONS': THE APPEAL OF DOMINION STATUS IN THE DECOLONISATION OF INDIA, PAKISTAN AND CEYLON, vol. 23, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, p. 223, JSTOR 23726109
^ Aman M. Hingorani (2016), Unravelling the Kashmir Knot, p. 184, ISBN 9789351509721
"His Excellency The Governor-General's Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan" (PDF). National Assembly of Pakistan. 14 August 1947. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
^ "Transfer of power and Jinnah". DAWN. 4 February 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
"Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948)". BBC. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
Three Presidents, Three Prime Ministers: Fragmentary Recollections of the Author's Days with Chaudhry Muhammad Ali ..., Dost Publications, 1996, p. 15, ISBN 9789694960074
Current Biography Yearbook, H. W. Wilson Company, 1954, p. 466
^ The Table: Volumes 20-23, Butterworth., 1952, p. 112
Denis Judd (2012), George VI, I.B.Tauris, p. LV, ISBN 9780857730411
^ Islam: 1950-1952, Archive Editions, 2004, p. 513, ISBN 9781840970708
The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1, vol. 1, Manager of Publications, 1952, p. 2
^ Pillalamarri, Akhilesh. "When Elizabeth II Was Queen of Pakistan". The Diplomat. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
Barker, Brian (1976), When the Queen was crowned, Routledge & Kegan Paul, p. 29, ISBN 9780710083975
Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth: The dominions and India since 1900, Greenwood Press, 1985, p. 183, ISBN 9780313273261
Michie, Allan Andrew (1952). The Crown and the People. London: Secker & Warburg. p. 52. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
"The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II". YouTube. 27 January 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"The Form and Order of Service that is to be performed and the Ceremonies that are to be observed in the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster, on Tuesday, the second day of June, 1953". Oremus.org. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
"Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Gown". Fashion Era. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
Hardman, Robert (2018), Queen of the World, Random House, ISBN 9781473549647
"No. 40020". The London Gazette (1st supplement). 17 November 1953. p. 6240.
^ Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature (1953), The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 2, p. 469{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Souvenir Programme, Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15th June 1953, HMSO, Gale and Polden
Day, A. (22 May 1953). "Coronation Review of the Fleet" (PDF). Cloud Observers Association. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
Pakistan, Pakistan Publications, 1952, p. 167
Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature (1953), The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 2, p. 18{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Pakistan Affairs: Volumes 5-6, vol. 6, Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan, 1951, p. 1
Schofield, Victoria (2000). "Special Status". Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War. I.B.Tauris. p. 85. ISBN 9781860648984. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature (1953), Debates. Official Report, p. 890{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Commonwealth Secretariat (1987), The Commonwealth at the Summit: Communiqués of Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings, 1944-1986, Commonwealth Secretariat, p. 44, ISBN 9780850923179
Commonwealth Survey: Volume 1, Central Office of Information, 1955, p. 115
Aḥmad Salīm (1997), Iskander Mirza, Rise and Fall of a President, Gora Publishers, pp. 220, 225
Syed Nur Ahmad (2019), From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9780429716560, Then Muhammad Ali presented the letter to the cabinet and proposed that the cabinet recommend to the Queen that the application for leave be accepted and that General Iskandar Mirza be appointed acting governor-general. The cabinet agreed and the decision was announced immediately. The next day the Queen gave her sanction and Iskandar Mirza took the oath of office.
Aḥmad Salīm (1997), Iskander Mirza, Rise and Fall of a President, Gora Publishers, p. 220
Iskandar Mirzā (1997), Iskander Mirza Speaks: Speeches, Statements and Private Papers, Gora Publishers, p. 294
John Stewart Bowman (2000). Columbia chronologies of Asian history and culture. Columbia University Press. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-231-11004-4. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
"Queen Elizabeth Sends Message", Pakistan Affairs, vol. 9, no. 6, Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan, p. 7, 9 April 1956
"Commonwealth visits since 1952". Official website of the British monarchy. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
"Profile: Commonwealth of Nations - Timeline". BBC News. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
^ Wheare, K.C. (1953). "The Nature and Structure of the Commonwealth". American Political Science Review. 47 (4): 1022. doi:10.2307/1951122. JSTOR 1951122. S2CID 147443295.
Queen & Commonwealth: 90 Glorious Years (PDF), Henley Media Group, 2016, p. 61, ISBN 9780992802066
The Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Karachi, Friday, May 29, 1953
Syed Nur Ahmad (2019), From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9780429716560, The British High Commissioner treated Nazimuddin with the utmost respect and after hearing his plea agreed that Queen Elizabeth was monarch of both Britain and Pakistan. However, it was necessary to make a distinction between the two. If Nazimuddin wished to put his case before the Queen of Pakistan he was free to do so, but the High Commissioner was a representative of the Queen of Great Britain only and was in Pakistan in that capacity alone. He was not the representative of the Queen of Pakistan and could not be an intermediary for talks between Nazimuddin and his Queen.
Karl Von Vorys (1965), Political development in Pakistan, Princeton University Press, p. 272, ISBN 9781400876389
Allen McGrath (1996), The Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy, Oxford University Press, p. 270, ISBN 9780195775839
^ Bin Sayeed, Khalid (1955), "The Governor-General of Pakistan", Pakistan Horizon, 8 (2), Pakistan Institute of International Affairs: 330–339, JSTOR 41392177
Marjorie Millace Whiteman (1963), Digest of International Law: Volume 1, U.S. Department of State, p. 510
Department of State Publication: Issue 8512, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, p. 70
Davis, Reginald (1976), Elizabeth, our Queen, Collins, p. 36, ISBN 9780002112338
The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1, Manager of Publications, 1952, p. 535
Pakistan Law Reports: Lahore series · Volume 9, Part 2, Government Book Depot., 1956, pp. 1159, 1161
Halsbury's Laws of England, volume 12(1): "Crown Proceedings and Crown Practice", paragraph 101
^ "History of the Governor House". Governor of Sindh. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011.
Commonwealth Journal: The Journal of the Royal Commonwealth Society · Volumes 12-14, Royal Commonwealth Society, 1969, p. 99
"No. 39737". The London Gazette (6th supplement). 30 December 1952. p. 49.
"No. 40057". The London Gazette (5th supplement). 29 December 1953. p. 49.
"No. 40673". The London Gazette (5th supplement). 30 December 1955. p. 49.
Shukal, Om Prakash (2007), Excellence In Life, Gyan Publishing House, p. 332, ISBN 9788121209632
"PN History". Pakistan Navy. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
"Infancy to Independence". Pakistan Air Force. Retrieved 20 August 2021.

External links

Letter of credence for the Pakistani Ambassador to the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, from Queen Elizabeth II to King Faisal II of Iraq, 24 January 1955

v t e Heads of state of Pakistan
Monarch (1947–1956)	George VI Elizabeth II
President (from 1956)	Mirza A. Khan§ Y. Khan§ Bhutto Chaudhry Zia§ G. Khan Sajjad* Leghari Sajjad* Tarar Musharraf§ Soomro* Zardari Hussain Alvi Zardari
§Head of the military regime *Acting President

v t e Commonwealth realms and dominions
Current	Antigua and Barbuda (monarchy) Australia (monarchy) Bahamas (monarchy) Belize (monarchy) Canada (monarchy) Grenada (monarchy) Jamaica (monarchy) Realm of New Zealand Cook Islands New Zealand Niue Papua New Guinea (monarchy) Saint Kitts and Nevis (monarchy) Saint Lucia (monarchy) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (monarchy) Solomon Islands (monarchy) Tuvalu (monarchy) United Kingdom (monarchy)
Former	Barbados (monarchy) Ceylon (monarchy) Fiji (monarchy) The Gambia (monarchy) Ghana (monarchy) Guyana (monarchy) India Ireland (monarchy) Kenya (monarchy) Malawi (monarchy) Malta (monarchy) Mauritius (monarchy) Newfoundland Nigeria (monarchy) Pakistan (monarchy) Rhodesia (monarchy) Sierra Leone (monarchy) South Africa (monarchy) Tanganyika (monarchy) Trinidad and Tobago (monarchy) Uganda (monarchy)
Annexed by Canada in 1949 Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.

Pakistan articles

History

Ancient

Medieval

Modern

Pre-colonial	Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion
Colonial	British Raj Second Anglo-Afghan War Durand Line Third Anglo-Afghan War Aligarh Movement Hindi–Urdu controversy Pakistan Movement Muslim League Two nation theory Jinnah's 14 Points Lahore Resolution Direct Action Day Partition Independence
Dominion	Dominion of Pakistan Monarchy of Pakistan Governor-General Princely states 1947 War Liaquat–Nehru Pact Baghdad Pact
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Geography

Features	Beaches Deserts Glaciers Islands Lakes Mountains Passes Rivers Topography Valleys Waterfalls Wetlands
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Governance

State	President National Security Council CNS NCA
Government	National government Cabinet Ministries Prime Minister Provincial governments Governors Chief Ministers Local government Union councils
Legislative	Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) Senate (upper house) Chairman National Assembly (lower house) Speaker Provincial assemblies
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Military	History Army Navy Marines Air force Civil Armed Forces

Economy

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Commerce	Banking Banks Companies Investment board Rupee (currency) Securities & Exchange Commission Stock markets Trading Corporation
Policy programmes	Corporatisation Directive investment Industrialisation Military economisation Nationalisation Privatisation Public-private partnering Redundant Islamic economisation

Society and Culture

Society	Aurat March British heritage Crime Culture Divorce Education Institutions Feudalism Feminism Gender discrimination Healthcare Hospitals Human rights LGBT Marriage Media Me Too Naming Pakistanis (list) Prostitution Religion Time Urbanisation Women
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George VI

King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936–1952), Emperor of India (1936–1947)

Dominions

Family

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (wife)
Elizabeth II (daughter)
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (daughter)
George V (father)
Mary of Teck (mother)
Edward VIII (brother)
Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (sister)
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (brother)
Prince George, Duke of Kent (brother)
Prince John (brother)

Events

Reign

Depictions

Radio addresses	Royal address to the nation Royal Christmas Message
Film and television	Bertie and Elizabeth (2002) Churchill: The Hollywood Years (2004) Wallis & Edward (2005) The King's Speech (2010) W.E. (2011) Hyde Park on Hudson (2012) A Royal Night Out (2015) The Crown (2016) Darkest Hour (2017)
Stage	The King's Speech (2012)
Portraits	Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor (1950)
Statues and memorials	King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial Statue of George VI, Hong Kong
Books	Fatherland (1992) Winston's War (2003) The King's Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy (2010)

Honours

← Edward VIII
Elizabeth II →

Elizabeth II

Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms (1952–2022)

Realms

Titles and
honours

Family

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (husband)
Charles III (son)
Anne, Princess Royal (daughter)
Prince Andrew, Duke of York (son)
Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (son)
George VI (father)
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (mother)
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (sister)
Mountbatten-Windsor family

Early life

Accession and
coronation

Reign

Jubilees

Silver Jubilee	Events Medal Honours Jubilee Gardens Jubilee line Jubilee Walkway
Ruby Jubilee	Queen's Anniversary Prizes
Golden Jubilee	Prom at the Palace Party at the Palace Medal Honours The Odyssey 2002 royal tour of Canada
Diamond Jubilee	Pageant Armed Forces Parade and Muster Thames Pageant Gloriana Spirit of Chartwell Concert Gibraltar Flotilla Medal Honours
Sapphire Jubilee	Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch
Platinum Jubilee	Medal Beacons Elizabeth line Platinum Party at the Palace Pageant Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History Trooping the Colour National Service of Thanksgiving Platinum Pudding The Queen's Green Canopy Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert Big Jubilee Read "Queenhood" Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens

Commonwealth
tours

Ships used	HMS Vanguard (23) SS Gothic (1947) HMY Britannia

State visits

Outgoing	State visit to Spain State visit to Russia State visit to Ireland
Incoming	Pope Benedict XVI President Michael D. Higgins President Xi Jinping

Broadcasts

Depictions

Books	The Little Princesses (1950) The BFG (1982) The Queen and I (1992) Queen Camilla (2006) The Uncommon Reader (2007) Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen (2016)
Documentaries	Royal Journey (1951) A Queen Is Crowned (1953) Royal New Zealand Journey (1954) The Queen in Australia (1954) The Royal Tour of the Caribbean (1966) Royal Family (1969) Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen (1992) Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007) The Diamond Queen (2012) Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute (2016) The Coronation (2018) Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts (2022) Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen (2022)
Fictionalised film and television depictions	Spitting Image (1984–96); (2020–21) The BFG (1989) A Question of Attribution (1992) Willi und die Windzors (1996) Her Majesty (2001) The Queen (2006) South Park: The Snuke (2007) The Queen (2009 TV serial) Happy and Glorious (2012) A Royal Night Out (2015) Minions (2015) The BFG (2016) The Crown (2016–23) The Queen's Corgi (2019) 2020 alternative Christmas message The Prince (2021)
Plays	A Question of Attribution (1988) The Audience (2013) Handbagged (2013)
Portraits	Herbert James Gunn (1950) William Dargie (1954) Pietro Annigoni (1955, 1969 and 1972) Andy Warhol (1985) Richard Stone (1992) Justin Mortimer (1997) Rolf Harris (2005) Ralph Heimans (2012) Damien Hirst (2014) Henry Ward (2016) Ai-Da (2022)
Stamps	Wilding series Canadian domestic rate stamp Castle series Country definitives Machin series (list)
Statues	Windsor Winnipeg Lagos Toronto York Minster Oakham Antrim Newcastle-under-Lyme Andover London (planned)
Songs	"God Save the Queen" (Sex Pistols song) "Her Majesty"

Animals

Corgis	Dookie Susan
Horses	Aureole Burmese Carrozza Dunfermline Estimate Height of Fashion Highclere Pall Mall Winston

Death

← George VI
Charles III →

Categories:

Latest revision as of 04:02, 8 January 2025

History

Reign of George VI (1947–1952)

Reign of Elizabeth II (1952–1956)

Abolition

Title

Constitutional role

The Crown and Government

The Crown and Foreign affairs

The Crown and the Courts

Vice-regal residences

Cultural role

The Crown and Honours

The Crown and the Defence Force

Pakistani royal symbols

List of Pakistani monarchs

See also

References

External links