October 2: Difference between revisions

1766 - The Nottingham Cheese Riot breaks out at the Goose Fair in Nottingham, UK, in response to the excessive cost of cheese.
1780 – American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.
1789 – The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification.
1835 – Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
1864 – American Civil War: Confederates defeat a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues.
1870 – By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept annexation by the Kingdom of Italy.

1901–present

1919 – Seven days after suffering a "physical collapse" following a speech in Pueblo, Colorado, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson has a catastrophic stroke at the White House, leaving him physically and mentally incapacitated for the remainder of his presidency.
1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence: Mikhail Frunze orders the Red Army to immediately cease hostilities with the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
1928 – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded.
1937 – Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the border region of the Dominican Republic.
1942 – World War II: Ocean Liner RMS Queen Mary accidentally rams and sinks HMS Curacoa, killing over 300 crewmen aboard Curacoa.
1944 – World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
1958 – Guinea declares its independence from France.
1967 – Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.
1968 – Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz orders soldiers to suppress a demonstration of unarmed students, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics.
1970 – An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people.
1971 – South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu is re-elected in a one-man election.
1971 – British European Airways Flight 706 crashes near Aarsele, Belgium, killing 63.
1980 – Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War.
1990 – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 132.
1992 – Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting massacre leaves 111 prisoners dead.
1996 – Aeroperú Flight 603 crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board.
1996 – The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
2002 – The Beltway sniper attacks begin in Washington, D.C., extending over three weeks and killing 10 people.
2004 – The first parkrun, then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in Bushy Park, London, UK.
2006 – Five Amish girls are murdered in a shooting at a school in Pennsylvania, United States.
2007 – President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea goes to North Korea for an Inter-Korean summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.
2016 – Ethiopian protests break out during a festival in the Oromia region, killing dozens of people.
2018 – The Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi is assassinated in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey.
2019 – A privately-owned Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress conducting a living history exhibition flight crashes shortly after takeoff from Windsor Locks, Connecticut, killing seven.

Births

Pre-1600

1452 – Richard III of England (d. 1485)
1470 – Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1498)
1527 – William Drury, English politician (d. 1579)
1538 – Charles Borromeo, Italian cardinal and saint (d. 1584)

1601–1900

1718 – Elizabeth Montagu, English author and critic (d. 1800)
1768 – William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, English general and politician (d. 1854)
1798 – Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (1831–49) (d. 1849)
1800 – Nat Turner, American slave and uprising leader (d. 1831)
1815 – James Agnew, Irish-Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (d. 1901)
1821 – Alexander P. Stewart, American general (d. 1908)
1828 – Charles Floquet, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1896)
1832 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (d. 1917)
1847 – Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany (d. 1934)
1851 – Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal (d. 1929)
1852 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
1854 – Patrick Geddes, Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and philanthropist (d. 1932)
1866 – Swami Abhedananda, Indian mystic and philosopher (d. 1939)
1869 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian freedom fighter, activist and philosopher (d. 1948)
1871 – Cordell Hull, American politician, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
1871 – Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author (d. 1959)
1873 – Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American lawyer and politician (d. 1924)
1873 – Pelham Warner, English cricketer and manager (d. 1963)
1875 – Pattie Ruffner Jacobs, American suffragist (d. 1935)
1879 – Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955)
1882 – Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian colonel (d. 1945)
1883 – Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian geologist and engineer (d. 1963)
1890 – Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1977)
1893 – Leroy Shield, American composer and conductor (d. 1962)
1895 – Ruth Cheney Streeter, American colonel (d. 1990)
1900 – Leela Roy Nag, Indian freedom fighter, social reformer and politician (d. 1970)

1901–present

1902 – Leopold Figl, Austrian politician, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1965)
1904 – Graham Greene, English novelist, playwright, and critic (d. 1991)
1904 – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian and politician, Prime Minister of India (d. 1966)
1905 – Franjo Šeper, Croatian cardinal (d. 1981)
1906 – Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (d. 1971)
1907 – Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Bolivian politician, President of Bolivia (d. 2001)
1907 – Alexander R. Todd, Scottish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
1909 – Alex Raymond, American cartoonist, creator of Flash Gordon (d. 1956)
1912 – Frank Malina, American engineer and painter (d. 1981)
1914 – Jack Parsons, American chemist, occultist, and engineer (d. 1952)
1914 – Bernarr Rainbow, English organist, conductor, and historian (d. 1998)
1915 – Chuck Williams, American author and businessman, founded Williams Sonoma (d. 2015)
1917 – Christian de Duve, Belgian cytologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
1917 – Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)
1919 – John W. Duarte, English guitarist and composer (d. 2004)
1921 – Edmund Crispin, English writer and composer (d. 1978)
1921 – Albert Scott Crossfield, American pilot and engineer (d. 2006)
1921 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (d. 2000)
1925 – Wren Blair, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2013)
1926 – Jan Morris, Welsh historian and author (d. 2020)
1928 – George McFarland, American actor (d. 1993)
1928 – Wolfhart Pannenberg, Polish-German theologian and academic (d. 2014)
1929 – Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (d. 1996)
1929 – Moses Gunn, American actor (d. 1993)
1930 – Dave Barrett, Canadian social worker and politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia (d. 2018)
1932 – Maury Wills, American baseball player and manager (d. 2022)
1933 – John Gurdon, English biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1933 – Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (d. 2015)
1934 – Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote, English lawyer and judge
1934 – Earl Wilson, American baseball player (d. 2005)
1935 – Omar Sívori, Italian-Argentine footballer and manager (d. 2005)
1936 – Dick Barnett, American basketball player
1936 – Connie Dierking, American basketball player (d. 2013)
1937 – Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (d. 2005)
1938 – Nick Gravenites, American singer-songwriter (d. 2024)
1938 – Waheed Murad, Pakistani actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1983)
1938 – Rex Reed, American film critic
1939 – Budhi Kunderan, Indian cricketer (d. 2006)
1941 – Diana Hendry, English poet and author
1941 – Ron Meagher, American rock bass player
1942 – Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films (d. 2012)
1943 – Anna Ford, English journalist
1943 – Henri Szeps, Australian actor
1944 – Vernor Vinge, American author (d. 2024)
1945 – Martin Hellman, American cryptographer and academic
1945 – Don McLean, American singer-songwriter
1946 – Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Thai general and politician
1947 – Ward Churchill, American author and activist
1948 – Trevor Brooking, English footballer and manager
1948 – Avery Brooks, American actor
1948 – Donna Karan, American fashion designer, founded DKNY
1948 – Siim Kallas, Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia
1948 – Persis Khambatta, Indian model and actress, (d. 1998)
1949 – Richard Hell, American singer-songwriter and bass player
1949 – Annie Leibovitz, American photographer
1950 – Mike Rutherford, English guitarist
1951 – Sting, English singer-songwriter and actor
1952 – Janusz Olejniczak, Polish classical pianist and actor (d. 2024)
1952 – Robin Riker, American actress
1953 – Vanessa Bell Armstrong, American singer
1953 – Tom Boswell, American basketball player
1954 – Lorraine Bracco, American actress
1955 – Philip Oakey, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
1956 – Freddie Jackson, American soul singer
1957 – John Cook, American golfer
1957 – Wade Dooley, English rugby player
1958 – Robbie Nevil, American singer-songwriter
1960 – Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player
1960 – Django Bates, English musician and composer
1960 – Joe Sacco, Maltese-American journalist and cartoonist
1960 – Dereck Whittenburg, American basketball player and coach
1962 – Mark Rypien, Canadian-American football player
1963 – Keith Bradshaw, Australian cricketer
1963 – Maria Ressa, Filipino-American journalist
1964 – Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player
1965 – Darren Cahill, Australian tennis player
1965 – Tom Moody, Australian cricketer
1965 – Ferhan and Ferzan Önder, Turkish-Austrian pianists
1966 – Yokozuna, American wrestler (d. 2000)
1967 – Frankie Fredericks, Namibian sprinter
1967 – Thomas Muster, Austrian tennis player
1967 – Gillian Welch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1968 – Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player and sportscaster (d. 2017)
1968 – Joey Slotnick, American actor
1968 – Glen Wesley, Canadian ice hockey player
1968 – Kelly Willis, American country music singer-songwriter
1969 – Badly Drawn Boy, English musician
1970 – Eddie Guardado, American baseball player
1970 – Patricia O'Callaghan, Canadian soprano
1970 – Kelly Ripa, American actress and talk show host
1970 – Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress
1971 – Tiffany Darwish, American singer-songwriter
1971 – Jim Root, American guitarist and songwriter
1971 – Chris Savino, American comic book artist, writer, animator and creator of The Loud House
1972 – Aaron McKie, American basketball player
1973 – Melissa Harris-Perry, American journalist, author, and educator
1973 – Lene Nystrøm, Norwegian singer, songwriter, and musician
1973 – Efren Ramirez, American actor
1973 – Scott Schoeneweis, American baseball player
1974 – Bjarke Ingels, Danish architect
1974 – Brian Knight, American baseball player
1974 – Matthew Nicholson, Australian cricketer
1974 – Sam Roberts, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician
1974 – Paul Teutul Jr., American motorcycle designer, co-founded Orange County Choppers
1976 – Mark Chilton, English cricketer
1977 – Didier Défago, Swiss skier
1978 – Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer, songwriter, actress
1979 – Primož Brezec, Slovenian basketball player
1981 – Santi Kolk, Dutch footballer
1981 – Luke Wilkshire, Australian footballer
1982 – Tyson Chandler, American basketball player
1982 – Esra Gümüş, Turkish volleyball player
1984 – Marion Bartoli, French tennis player
1985 – Çağlar Birinci, Turkish footballer
1985 – Brandon Jackson, American football player
1986 – Camilla Belle, American actress
1987 – Bojana Bobusic, Australian tennis player
1987 – Joe Ingles, Australian basketball player
1987 – Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player
1987 – Christopher Larkin, South Korean-American actor
1987 – Joel Reinders, American football player
1987 – Ricky Stenhouse Jr., American race car driver
1988 – Kirara Asuka, Japanese model and adult video actress
1988 – Brittany Howard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1989 – Frederik Andersen, Danish ice hockey player
1989 – Josh Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 – Aaron Hicks, American baseball player
1989 – George Nash, English rower
1990 – Samantha Barks, Manx actress and singer
1991 – Roberto Firmino, Brazilian footballer
1992 – Alisson Becker, Brazilian footballer
1992 – Shane Larkin, American-Turkish basketball player
1992 – Nicol Ruprecht, Austrian rhythmic gymnast
1993 – Lance McCullers Jr., American baseball player
1993 – Elizabeth McLaughlin, American actress
1994 – Joana Eidukonytė, Lithuanian tennis player
1995 – Tepai Moeroa, Cook Islands rugby league player
1996 – Tom Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player
1997 – Rubi Rose, American rapper
2000 – Quadeca, American singer-songwriter and YouTuber
2002 – Jacob Sartorius, American social media personality and singer
2005 – Sam Konstas, Australian cricketer

Deaths

Pre-1600

534 – Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths in Italy
829 – Michael II, Byzantine emperor
939 – Eberhard of Franconia
939 – Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
1264 – Pope Urban IV
1559 – Jacquet of Mantua, French-Italian composer (b. 1483)

1601–1900

1626 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (b. 1567)
1629 – Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (b. 1584)
1629 – Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and theologian (b. 1575)
1674 – George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen, officer in the Dutch Army (b. 1606)
1678 – Wu Sangui, Qing Chinese general (b. 1612)
1708 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
1709 – Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian diplomat (b. 1639)
1724 – François-Timoléon de Choisy, French historian and author (b. 1644)
1746 – Josiah Burchett, English admiral and politician (b. 1666)
1764 – William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1720)
1780 – John André, English soldier (b. 1750)
1782 – Charles Lee, English-born American general (b. 1732)
1786 – Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, English admiral and politician (b. 1725)
1803 – Samuel Adams, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1722)
1804 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French engineer (b. 1725)
1850 – Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
1853 – François Arago, French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician (b. 1786)

1901–present

1920 – Max Bruch, German composer and conductor (b. 1838)
1927 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
1938 – Alexandru Averescu, Romanian military leader and politician, 24th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1859)
1943 – John Evans, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Tasmania (b. 1855)
1953 – John Marin, American painter (b. 1870)
1953 – Émilie Busquant, French anarcho-syndicalist, sewed the first Flag of Algeria (b. 1901)
1955 – William R. Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1881)
1968 – Marcel Duchamp, French painter and sculptor (b. 1887)
1971 – Jessie Arms Botke, American painter (b. 1883)
1973 – Paul Hartman, American actor and dancer (b. 1904)
1973 – Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)
1974 – Vasily Shukshin, Russian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1929)
1975 – K. Kamaraj, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1903)
1981 – Harry Golden, American journalist and author (b. 1902)
1981 – Hazel Scott, Trinidadian-American activist, actress, and musician (b. 1920)
1985 – Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)
1987 – Madeleine Carroll, English actress (b. 1906)
1987 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist and zoologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
1988 – Alec Issigonis, English car designer, designed the Mini (b. 1906)
1988 – Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1912)
1991 – Hazen Argue, Canadian politician (b. 1921)
1991 – Demetrios I of Constantinople (b. 1914)
1996 – Robert Bourassa, Canadian lawyer and politician, Premier of Quebec (b. 1933)
1996 – Andrey Lukanov, Bulgarian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1938)
1998 – Gene Autry, American actor, singer, and guitarist (b. 1907)
1999 – Heinz G. Konsalik, German journalist and author (b. 1921)
2000 – David Tonkin, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (b. 1929)
2001 – Franz Biebl, German composer and academic (b. 1906)
2002 – Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-American physicist and philosopher (b. 1911)
2003 – John Thomas Dunlop, American scholar and politician, United States Secretary of Labor (b. 1914)
2005 – Nipsey Russell, American comedian and actor (b. 1918)
2005 – August Wilson, American author and playwright (b. 1945)
2006 – Helen Chenoweth-Hage, American politician (b. 1938)
2006 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician (b. 1916)
2007 – Tex Coulter, American football player (b. 1924)
2007 – George Grizzard, American actor (b. 1928)
2007 – Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (b. 1902)
2010 – Kwa Geok Choo, Singaporean lawyer and scholar (b. 1920)
2012 – Nguyễn Chí Thiện, Vietnamese-American poet and activist (b. 1939)
2012 – Charles Roach, Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer and activist (b. 1933)
2012 – J. Philippe Rushton, English-Canadian psychologist, theorist, academic (b. 1943)
2013 – Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (b. 1918)
2014 – Robert Flower, Australian footballer (b. 1955)
2015 – Brian Friel, Irish author, playwright, and director (b. 1929)
2015 – Coleridge Goode, Jamaican-English bassist and composer (b. 1914)
2015 – Johnny Paton, Scottish footballer and coach (b. 1923)
2016 – Neville Marriner, British conductor (b. 1924)
2017 – Tom Petty, American musician (b. 1950)
2018 – Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (b. 1958)
2020 – Anne-Marie Hutchinson, British lawyer (b. 1957)
2021 – Jack Biondolillo, American bowler (b. 1940)
2022 – Sacheen Littlefeather, American actress, model and activist for Native American civil rights (b. 1946)
2023 – Francis Lee, English footballer (b. 1944)
2024 – Susie Berning, American professional golfer (b. 1941)
2024 – Marissa Haque, Indonesian politician (b. 1962)

Holidays and observances

Batik Day (Indonesia)
Christian feast day:
Gandhi's birthday-related observances:
- Gandhi Jayanti (India)
- International Day of Non-Violence
Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Guinea from France in 1958
National Grandparents Day (Italy)

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External links

"On This Day". BBC.
The New York Times: On This Day
"Historical Events on October 2". OnThisDay.com.

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	===Pre-1600===		===Pre-1600===
	* ] – ] succeeds his father ] as ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Skylitzes \|first1=John \|last2=Wortley \|first2=John \|title=John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057: Translation and Notes \|date=7 October 2010 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-139-48915-7 \|page=51 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C&pg=PA51 \|language=en}}</ref>		* ] – ] succeeds his father ] as ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Skylitzes \|first1=John \|last2=Wortley \|first2=John \|title=John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057: Translation and Notes \|date=7 October 2010 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-139-48915-7 \|page=51 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C&pg=PA51 \|language=en}}</ref>
	* ] – ]: ], crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of ] and other Frankish dukes.<ref~~>{{cite~~ ~~book \|last1~~=Bachrach \|first1=David S. \|last2=Bachrach \|first2=Bernard S. \|title=Writing the Military History of Pre-Crusade Europe: Studies in Sources and Source Criticism \|date=29 December 2020 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-000-30013-0 \|page=91 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C20LEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT91 \|language=en}}</~~ref~~>		* ] – ]: ], crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of ] and other Frankish dukes.<ref name="Bachrach"/>
	*] – The ] is fought between Norwegians and Scots.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Forte \|first1=Angelo \|last2=Oram \|first2=Richard D. \|last3=Oram \|first3=Richard \|last4=Pedersen \|first4=Frederik \|title=Viking Empires \|date=5 May 2005 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-82992-2 \|page=256 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vEd859jvk0C&pg=PA256 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – The ] is fought between Norwegians and Scots.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Forte \|first1=Angelo \|last2=Oram \|first2=Richard D. \|last3=Oram \|first3=Richard \|last4=Pedersen \|first4=Frederik \|title=Viking Empires \|date=5 May 2005 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-82992-2 \|page=256 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vEd859jvk0C&pg=PA256 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ]'s rebellion forces King ] to flee to the ],<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Wagner \|first1=John A. \|last2=Wagner \|first2=Edward Ed \|title=Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses \|date=2001 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-85109-358-8 \|page=102 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubXnWRMt6uoC&pg=PA102 \|language=en}}</ref> restoring ] to the throne.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Henry VI ~~{{!}}~~ Biography & Facts \|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VI-king-of-England \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=4 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ]'s rebellion forces King ] to flee to the ],<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Wagner \|first1=John A. \|last2=Wagner \|first2=Edward Ed \|title=Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses \|date=2001 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-85109-358-8 \|page=102 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubXnWRMt6uoC&pg=PA102 \|language=en}}</ref> restoring ] to the throne.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Henry VI \| Biography & Facts \|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VI-king-of-England \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=4 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hartley \|first1=Janet M. \|title=The Volga: A History \|~~date~~=~~12 January~~ 2021 \|publisher=Yale University Press \|isbn=978-0-300-24564-6 \|page=45 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DjoHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hartley \|first1=Janet M. \|title=The Volga: A History \|year= 2021 \|publisher=Yale University Press \|isbn=978-0-300-24564-6 \|page=45 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DjoHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 \|language=en}}</ref>
	===1601–1900===		===1601–1900===
			*] - The ]<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Periodic Table of Nottingham - University of Nottingham \|url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/periodicnottingham/chromium#:~:text=On%202%20October%201766%20the,knocked%20down%20by%20a%20cheese. \|access-date=2024-10-02 \|website=www.nottingham.ac.uk}}</ref> breaks out at the ] in ], UK, in response to the excessive cost of cheese.
	*] – ]: ], a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.<ref name=André>{{cite web \|title=John André ~~{{!}}~~ British military officer \|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Andre \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=4 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ]: ], a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.<ref name="André">{{cite web \|title=John André \| British military officer \|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Andre \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=4 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – The ] is sent to the various States for ratification.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=States \|first1=U. S. Constitution Council of the Thirteen Original \|title=The Bill of Rights and the States: The Colonial and Revolutionary Origins of American Liberties \|date=1992 \|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield \|isbn=978-0-945612-29-2 \|page=242 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yyQXl4LmdAC&pg=PA242 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – The ] is sent to the various States for ratification.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=States \|first1=U. S. Constitution Council of the Thirteen Original \|title=The Bill of Rights and the States: The Colonial and Revolutionary Origins of American Liberties \|date=1992 \|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield \|isbn=978-0-945612-29-2 \|page=242 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yyQXl4LmdAC&pg=PA242 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to ], but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Tucker \|first1=Spencer \|last2=Arnold \|first2=James R. \|last3=Wiener \|first3=Roberta \|last4=Pierpaoli (Jr.) \|first4=Paul G. \|last5=Cutrer \|first5=Thomas W. \|last6=Santoni \|first6=Pedro \|title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History \|date=2013 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-85109-853-8 \|page=226 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZVQcZpic-8C&pg=PA226 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to ], but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Tucker \|first1=Spencer \|last2=Arnold \|first2=James R. \|last3=Wiener \|first3=Roberta \|last4=Pierpaoli (Jr.) \|first4=Paul G. \|last5=Cutrer \|first5=Thomas W. \|last6=Santoni \|first6=Pedro \|title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History \|date=2013 \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|isbn=978-1-85109-853-8 \|page=226 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZVQcZpic-8C&pg=PA226 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ]: Confederates ] a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Shaffer \|first1=Michael \|title=In Memory of Self and Comrades: Thomas Wallace Colley's Recollections of Civil War Service in the 1st Virginia Cavalry \|date=2018 \|publisher=Univ. of Tennessee Press \|isbn=978-1-62190-430-4 \|page=272 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofuwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ]: Confederates ] a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Shaffer \|first1=Michael \|title=In Memory of Self and Comrades: Thomas Wallace Colley's Recollections of Civil War Service in the 1st Virginia Cavalry \|date=2018 \|publisher=Univ. of Tennessee Press \|isbn=978-1-62190-430-4 \|page=272 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofuwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Bartolini \|first1=Giulio \|title=A History of International Law in Italy \|date=~~2 April~~ 2020 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-884293-4 \|page=311 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4_UDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA311 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – By ], the citizens of the Papal States accept ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Bartolini \|first1=Giulio \|title=A History of International Law in Italy \|date= 2020 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-884293-4 \|page=311 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4_UDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA311 \|language=en}}</ref>

	===1901–present===		===1901–present===
			*] – Seven days after suffering a "]" following a ], U.S. President ] has a catastrophic ] at the ], leaving him physically and mentally incapacitated for the remainder of his presidency.<ref>{{cite book\|last=O'Toole\|first=Patricia\|title=The Moralist: Woodrow Wilson and the World He Made\|location=New York\|publisher=Simon & Schuster\|date=2018\|isbn=9780743298094\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6RgyDwAAQBAJ\|page=425}}</ref>
	*] – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as '']'', is founded.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Opus Dei {{!}} Meaning, Beliefs, Members, & Controversy \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Opus-Dei \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Saint Josemaria Escriva de Balaguer {{!}} Biography & Facts \|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/St-Josemaria-Escriva-de-Balaguer \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
			*] – ]: ] orders the ] to immediately cease hostilities with the ].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Malet \|first1=Michael \|title=Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War \|date=1982 \|language=English \|isbn=978-0-333-25969-6 \|publisher=] \|location=] \|oclc=8514426 \|page=64}}</ref>
	*] – ] orders the ] living in the border region of the Dominican Republic.<ref>{{cite web \|title=80 Years On, Dominicans And Haitians Revisit Painful Memories Of Parsley Massacre \|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/10/07/555871670/80-years-on-dominicans-and-haitians-revisit-painful-memories-of-parsley-massacre \|website=NPR.org \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ]: ~~Ocean Liner~~ {{~~RMS~~\|~~Queen~~ ~~Mary}}~~ ~~accidentally~~ ~~rams~~ ~~and~~ ~~sinks~~ ~~{{HMS~~\|~~Curacoa~~\|~~D41\|6}},~~ ~~killing~~ ~~over~~ ~~300~~ ~~crewmen~~ ~~aboard ''Curacoa''.~~<ref>{{cite web \|title=~~Queen~~ ~~Mary's~~ ~~deadly~~ ~~drama~~ at ~~sea~~ \|url=https://www.~~scotsman~~.com/~~whats-on~~/~~arts~~-~~and~~-~~entertainment/queen~~-~~marys~~-~~deadly-drama-sea-2463862~~ \|website=~~www.scotsman.com~~ \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as '']'', is founded.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Opus Dei \| Meaning, Beliefs, Members, & Controversy \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Opus-Dei \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Saint Josemaria Escriva de Balaguer \| Biography & Facts \|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/St-Josemaria-Escriva-de-Balaguer \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ~~World~~ ~~War II: German troops~~ ~~end~~ the ].<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=~~Warsaw~~ ~~Uprising~~ ~~{{!}}~~ ~~Polish~~ ~~history~~ \|url=https://www.~~britannica~~.~~com~~/~~event~~/~~Warsaw~~-~~Uprising~~ \|~~website~~=~~Encyclopedia~~ ~~Britannica~~ \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ] orders the ] living in the border region of the Dominican Republic.<ref>{{cite news \|title=80 Years On, Dominicans And Haitians Revisit Painful Memories Of Parsley Massacre \|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/10/07/555871670/80-years-on-dominicans-and-haitians-revisit-painful-memories-of-parsley-massacre \|newspaper=NPR \|date=7 October 2017 \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en\|last1=Bishop \|first1=Marlon \|last2=Fernandez \|first2=Tatiana }}</ref>
			*] – ]: Ocean Liner {{RMS\|Queen Mary}} accidentally rams and sinks {{HMS\|Curacoa\|D41\|6}}, killing over 300 crewmen aboard ''Curacoa''.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Queen Mary's deadly drama at sea \|url=https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/queen-marys-deadly-drama-sea-2463862 \|website=www.scotsman.com \|date=17 April 2006 \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
		⚫	*] – World War II: German troops end the ].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Warsaw Uprising \| Polish history \|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Warsaw-Uprising \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – ] declares its independence from France.<ref name=Chase2019 />		*] – ] declares its independence from France.<ref name=Chase2019 />
	*] – ] is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.<ref name=Chase2019 />		*] – ] is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.<ref name=Chase2019 />
	*] – Mexican President ] orders soldiers to ], ten days before the start of the ].<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=Mexico's 1968 Massacre: What Really Happened? \|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97546687 \|website=NPR~~.org~~ \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – Mexican President ] orders soldiers to ], ten days before the start of the ].<ref>{{cite news \|title=Mexico's 1968 Massacre: What Really Happened? \|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97546687 \|website=NPR \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters ] in Colorado, killing 31 people.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Three generations later, the secrets of Wichita State's devastating plane crash are still unfolding \|url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/29993873/three-generations-later-secrets-wichita-state-devastating-plane-crash-unfolding \|website=ESPN.com \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en \|date=1 October 2020}}</ref>		*] – An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters ] in Colorado, killing 31 people.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Three generations later, the secrets of Wichita State's devastating plane crash are still unfolding \|url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/29993873/three-generations-later-secrets-wichita-state-devastating-plane-crash-unfolding \|website=ESPN.com \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en \|date=1 October 2020}}</ref>
	*] – South Vietnamese President ] is ] in a one-man election.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Penniman, Howard R. \|title=Elections in South Vietnam \|url=https://archive.org/details/electionsinsouth00penn \|url-access=registration \|location=Washington, D.C. \|publisher=American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research \|year=1972 \|pages=126–146}}</ref>		*] – South Vietnamese President ] is ] in a one-man election.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Penniman, Howard R. \|title=Elections in South Vietnam \|url=https://archive.org/details/electionsinsouth00penn \|url-access=registration \|location=Washington, D.C. \|publisher=American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research \|year=1972 \|pages=126–146}}</ref>
			*1971 – ] crashes near ], Belgium, killing 63.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Ranter \|first=Harro \|title=ASN Aircraft accident Vickers 951 Vanguard G-APEC Aarsele \|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19711002-1 \|access-date=2022-10-01 \|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
	*] – ] becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be ] since the ].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Hunter \|first1=Marjorie \|title=Myers Is First Member of House To Be Expelled Since Civil War; 'Support of Rebellion' Two Attempts at Expulsion Powell Was Not Seated \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/03/archives/myers-is-first-member-of-house-to-be-expelled-since-civil-war.html \|website=The New York Times \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|date=3 October 1980}}</ref>		*] – ] becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be ] since the ].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Hunter \|first1=Marjorie \|title=Myers Is First Member of House To Be Expelled Since Civil War; 'Support of Rebellion' Two Attempts at Expulsion Powell Was Not Seated \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/03/archives/myers-is-first-member-of-house-to-be-expelled-since-civil-war.html \|website=The New York Times \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|date=3 October 1980}}</ref>
	*] – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it ] into two other airliners on the ground, killing 132.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Haine \|first1=Edgar A. \|title=Disaster in the Air \|date=2000 \|publisher=Associated University Presses \|isbn=978-0-8453-4777-5 \|page=53 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twKfXowAigIC&pg=PA53 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it ] into two other airliners on the ground, killing 132.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Haine \|first1=Edgar A. \|title=Disaster in the Air \|date=2000 \|publisher=Associated University Presses \|isbn=978-0-8453-4777-5 \|page=53 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twKfXowAigIC&pg=PA53 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting ] leaves 111 prisoners dead.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Brazil police on trial over 1992 Carandiru jail massacre \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-26235791 \|website=BBC News \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|date=18 February 2014}}</ref>		*] – Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting ] leaves 111 prisoners dead.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Brazil police on trial over 1992 Carandiru jail massacre \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-26235791 \|website=BBC News \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|date=18 February 2014}}</ref>
	*] – ] crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Matthewman \|first1=Steve \|title=Disasters, Risks and Revelation: Making Sense of Our Times \|date=~~29 April~~ 2016 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-1-137-29426-5 \|page=65 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2ekCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT65 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – ] crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Matthewman \|first1=Steve \|title=Disasters, Risks and Revelation: Making Sense of Our Times \|date=2016 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-1-137-29426-5 \|page=65 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2ekCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT65 \|language=en}}</ref>
	* 1996 – The ] are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Commission \|first1=United States Federal Communications \|title=FCC Record: A Comprehensive Compilation of Decisions, Reports, Public Notices, and Other Documents of the Federal Communications Commission of the United States \|date=1997 \|publisher=The Commission \|page=8491 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFH7HJxUmK4C&pg=PA8491 \|language=en}}</ref>		* 1996 – The ] are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Commission \|first1=United States Federal Communications \|title=FCC Record: A Comprehensive Compilation of Decisions, Reports, Public Notices, and Other Documents of the Federal Communications Commission of the United States \|date=1997 \|publisher=The Commission \|page=8491 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFH7HJxUmK4C&pg=PA8491 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – The ] begin in Washington, D.C., extending over three weeks and killing 10 people.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Beltway sniper attacks ~~{{!}}~~ Description, History, & Facts \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beltway-sniper-attacks \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>		*] – The ] begin in Washington, D.C., extending over three weeks and killing 10 people.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Beltway sniper attacks \| Description, History, & Facts \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beltway-sniper-attacks \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*] – The first ], then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in ], ], UK.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Our story \|url=https://www.parkrun.com/about/our-story/ \|website=www.parkrun.com \|access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref>		*] – The first ], then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in ], ], UK.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Our story \|url=https://www.parkrun.com/about/our-story/ \|website=www.parkrun.com \|access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref>
	*] – Five Amish girls are murdered in a ] in Pennsylvania, United States.<ref>{{cite web \|title='The happening': 10 years after the Amish shooting \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/02/amish-shooting-10-year-anniversary-pennsylvania-the-happening \|website=~~the~~ Guardian \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en \|date=2 October 2016}}</ref>		*] – Five Amish girls are murdered in a ] in Pennsylvania, United States.<ref>{{cite web \|title='The happening': 10 years after the Amish shooting \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/02/amish-shooting-10-year-anniversary-pennsylvania-the-happening \|website=The Guardian \|access-date=5 September 2021 \|language=en \|date=2 October 2016}}</ref>