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{{Multiple image
⚫ ] round.]]
|total_width = 400
⚫ A '''sub-caliber round''' is a ] which has a smaller diameter then the bore of the ] from which it is fired. Firing sub-caliber ammunition has several potential benefits compared to full-caliber ammunition. For example it can allow for much higher muzzle velocities due to smaller lighter rounds being fired from relatively larger propellant charges.<ref name="Rollo">{{Cite journal|last=Rollof|first=Yngve|date=|title=Artillerimaterielens utvecklingstendenser under senaste decenniet|url=|journal=Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet|volume=Number 7 1953|pages=|via=Kungliga Örlogsmannasällskapet}}</ref> It can also lower the cost of ammunition due to less material being used to produce the round compared to a full-caliber round etc.
|perrow = 2
|header = Sub-caliber_ammunition
|image1 = Obus-flèche français OFL 105 F1.jpg
⚫ |caption1 = A sub-caliber ] projectile in its sabot.
|image2 = Sabot_separating.gif
|caption2 = A sub-caliber ] projectile separating from its sabot.
}}
⚫ '''Sub-caliber ammunition''' (also spelled '''subcaliber''') is ] where the projectile has a smaller diameter than the bore of the ] from which it is fired. Firing sub-caliber ammunition has several potential benefits compared to full-caliber ammunition. It can for example allow for much higher muzzle velocities due to smaller lighter projectiles being fired from relatively larger propellant charges,<ref name="Rollo">{{Cite journal|last=Rollof|first=Yngve|date=|title=Artillerimaterielens utvecklingstendenser under senaste decenniet|url=|journal=Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet|number=7 1953|pages=|via=Kungliga Örlogsmannasällskapet}}</ref> but it can also lower the cost of ammunition due to less material being used to produce the round compared to a full-caliber ammunition etc.


Several methods exists to be able to fire sub-caliber ammunition.<ref name="Rollo"/> Several methods exist for firing sub-caliber ammunition.<ref name="Rollo"/>


== Sabot method == == Sabot method ==
{{main article|Sabot (firearms)}}
] round. Here seen with and without its ] as well as its internal ] core.]] ] projectile. Here seen with and without its ] as well as its internal ] core.]]
The most traditional way to fire sub-caliber ammunition is to fit the round with an expendable ]. The sabot is a device which fills out the missing caliber when the round is fired and then leaves the round once it has left the barrel.<ref name="Rollo"/> The most traditional way to fire sub-caliber ammunition is to fit the projectile with an ]. The sabot is a device which fills out the missing caliber when the projectile is fired and then leaves the projectile once it has left the barrel.<ref name="Rollo"/>
<gallery mode="packed" heights=50 style="text-align:left"> <gallery mode="packed" heights=50 style="text-align:left">
File:Sabot Diagram Example.png|Diagram of the ] File:Sabot Diagram Example.png|Diagram of the ]
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=== Saboted sub-caliber ammunition types === === Saboted sub-caliber ammunition types ===
⚫ *] (APDS)
*]
*(APDS) ] *] (APFSDS)
⚫ *] (SLAP)
⚫ *(APFSDS) ]
*] (not necessarily a sub-caliber projectile)
⚫ *(SLAP) ]
*] (] is considered a sabot in some countries)<ref name="amordlista">{{Cite book|title=AMORDLISTA, Preliminär ammunitionsordlista|publisher=Försvarets materielverk (FMV), huvudavdelningen för armémateriel|year=1979|location=Sweden|pages=35}}</ref>


== Flange method == == Flange method ==
{{main article|Squeeze bore}}
] rounds. Here seen in two examples: first one with a ] and a ], second one with a ballistic cap and a solid body.]]
] projectiles. Here seen in two examples: an ] projectile with a tungsten core, and a regular armor-piercing non-rigid projectile without a tungsten core.]]
A common method during ] was to fit sub-caliber rounds with soft metal ]s filling out the missing caliber and then fire them from ] barrels. Squeeze bore barrels, often found on ]s, progressively decreases its bore diameter towards the muzzle, resulting in a reduced final bore. When fired the flanges on the round would fold inwards as the round travels through the reducing inner barrel diameter.<ref name="Rollo"/> A common method during ], often called the ''Gerlich-'', ''Littlejohn-'' or ''tapered bore'' principle, was to fit sub-caliber ammunition with soft metal ]s filling out the missing caliber and then fire them from ] barrels. Squeeze bore barrels, often found on ]s (see ]), progressively decreases its bore diameter towards the muzzle, resulting in a reduced final bore. When fired the flanges on the projectile would fold inwards as it travels through the reducing inner diameter of the squeeze bore.<ref name="Rollo"/>
<gallery mode="packed" heights=50 style="text-align:left"> <gallery mode="packed" heights=50 style="text-align:left">
File:Squeezebore Diagram Example.png|Diagram of the ] File:Squeezebore Diagram Example.png|Diagram of the ]
</gallery> </gallery>

=== Flanged sub-caliber ammunition types ===
*] (APCNR)
*Armor-piercing non-rigid (APNR)


== Sub-caliber barrel == == Sub-caliber barrel ==
{{main article|Sub-caliber training}}
A third method is to simply fit a smaller barrel into the original full caliber weapon which then allows the firing of smaller caliber cartridges. This is called ] and it is used to lower the cost of training with large caliber weapons by allowing them to fire cheaper lower caliber ammunition and to not put wear on the original barrel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=sfhm-skriftserie_handbok-artilleripjaser-och-eldrorsvapen-1800-2000.pdf|url=https://www.sfhm.se/contentassets/84a6e4f1b2ce4e2b96c4ba578a41c503/sfhm-skriftserie_handbok-artilleripjaser-och-eldrorsvapen-1800-2000.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A third method is to simply fit a smaller barrel into the original full caliber weapon which then allows the firing of smaller caliber cartridges. This is called ] and it is used to lower the cost of training with large caliber weapons by allowing them to fire cheaper lower caliber ammunition and to not put wear on the original barrel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=sfhm-skriftserie_handbok-artilleripjaser-och-eldrorsvapen-1800-2000.pdf|url=https://www.sfhm.se/contentassets/84a6e4f1b2ce4e2b96c4ba578a41c503/sfhm-skriftserie_handbok-artilleripjaser-och-eldrorsvapen-1800-2000.pdf}}</ref>


== References == == References ==
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<references /> <references />


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sub-Caliber Round}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sub-Caliber Ammunition}}
] ]

Latest revision as of 16:53, 26 March 2024

Sub-caliber_ammunitionA sub-caliber armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot projectile in its sabot.A sub-caliber armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot projectile separating from its sabot.

Sub-caliber ammunition (also spelled subcaliber) is firearm ammunition where the projectile has a smaller diameter than the bore of the gun barrel from which it is fired. Firing sub-caliber ammunition has several potential benefits compared to full-caliber ammunition. It can for example allow for much higher muzzle velocities due to smaller lighter projectiles being fired from relatively larger propellant charges, but it can also lower the cost of ammunition due to less material being used to produce the round compared to a full-caliber ammunition etc.

Several methods exist for firing sub-caliber ammunition.

Sabot method

Main article: Sabot (firearms)
Sub-caliber armour-piercing discarding sabot projectile. Here seen with and without its sabot as well as its internal tungsten core.

The most traditional way to fire sub-caliber ammunition is to fit the projectile with an expendable sabot. The sabot is a device which fills out the missing caliber when the projectile is fired and then leaves the projectile once it has left the barrel.

Saboted sub-caliber ammunition types

Flange method

Main article: Squeeze bore
Sub-caliber squeeze bore projectiles. Here seen in two examples: an armor-piercing composite non-rigid projectile with a tungsten core, and a regular armor-piercing non-rigid projectile without a tungsten core.

A common method during World War Two, often called the Gerlich-, Littlejohn- or tapered bore principle, was to fit sub-caliber ammunition with soft metal flanges filling out the missing caliber and then fire them from squeeze bore barrels. Squeeze bore barrels, often found on shotguns (see Choke (firearms)), progressively decreases its bore diameter towards the muzzle, resulting in a reduced final bore. When fired the flanges on the projectile would fold inwards as it travels through the reducing inner diameter of the squeeze bore.

Flanged sub-caliber ammunition types

Sub-caliber barrel

Main article: Sub-caliber training

A third method is to simply fit a smaller barrel into the original full caliber weapon which then allows the firing of smaller caliber cartridges. This is called sub-caliber training and it is used to lower the cost of training with large caliber weapons by allowing them to fire cheaper lower caliber ammunition and to not put wear on the original barrel.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Rollof, Yngve. "Artillerimaterielens utvecklingstendenser under senaste decenniet". Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet (7 1953) – via Kungliga Örlogsmannasällskapet.
  2. AMORDLISTA, Preliminär ammunitionsordlista. Sweden: Försvarets materielverk (FMV), huvudavdelningen för armémateriel. 1979. p. 35.
  3. "sfhm-skriftserie_handbok-artilleripjaser-och-eldrorsvapen-1800-2000.pdf" (PDF).
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