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{{Short description|Military casualty classification used for deaths of personnel}}
].]]
⚫ ], near ] in ], honoring American troops who died in Europe during ]]]
'''Killed in action''' (or '''KIA''') is a ] classification used ], generally used to describe the deaths of their own forces by other hostile forces or by "]" during combat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/k/02986.html|title=U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary: killed in action|accessdate=2007-02-04}}</ref> The ] (DOD) says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack. KIA's do not come from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, terrorism, or other "non-hostile" means: these casualties occur from ]s while in combat.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lectlaw.com/def/j059.htm|title=The 'Lectric Law Library's Legal Lexicon On * Justifiable Homicide *|accessdate=2007-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nolo.com/definition.cfm/Term/51AB22D3-86AB-4B55-8648BC28B45909C0/alpha/H/|title=Nolo Press Legal Definition Homicide|accessdate=2007-02-04}}</ref> While U.S. front-line-ground-combat forces remain male only, U.S. naval, air, and support troops contain females, as well as other nations' forces, and militaries can consider their deaths due to combat to be KIA.


'''Killed in action''' ('''KIA''') is a ] classification generally used by ] to describe the deaths of their own personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary: killed in action|url=http://ww.dtc.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/k/03003.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022355/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/k/03003.html|archive-date=2012-09-27|access-date=2007-02-04}}</ref> The ], for example, says that those declared KIA did not need to have fired their weapons, but only to have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by ] in the midst of combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder or other non-hostile events or ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Army Casualty and Mortuary Affairs Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www.hrc.army.mil/content/Army%20Casualty%20and%20Mortuary%20Affairs%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions#2|access-date=2024-11-06}}</ref> KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval, air and support troops.
Further, KIA denotes one to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas someone who died of wounds (DOW) survived to reach a medical treatment facility. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) also uses DWRIA rather than DOW for died of wounds received in action. However, historically militaries and historians have used the latter acronym.


Furthermore, the term '''died of wounds''' ('''DOW''') is used to denote personnel who reached a medical treatment facility before dying.<ref>{{cite web|title=Understanding Combat Casualty Care Statistics|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA480496.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020035329/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA480496.pdf|archive-date=2020-10-20|publisher=]}}</ref> The category ''died of wounds received in action'' (''DWRIA'') is also used for combat related casualties which occur after medical evacuation.<ref>{{cite web|title=DoD Instruction Number 1300.18|url=https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/130018p.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126213738/https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/130018p.pdf|archive-date=2019-01-26|publisher=]}}</ref>
⚫ ] cemetery, or the ], near Colleville-sur-mer in Normandy, France.]]


'''PKIA''' means '''presumed killed in action'''. This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initially listed ] (MIA), but after not being found, are later presumed to have not survived.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ddg69/Pages/namesake.aspx|title=USS Milius — Named in honor of Navy pilot Captain Paul L. Milius|work=public.navy.mil|publisher=]|access-date=10 January 2018|archive-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160258/http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ddg69/Pages/namesake.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> This is typical of naval battles or engagements on other hostile environments where recovering bodies is difficult. A very large number of soldiers killed in action went unidentified in ], like ], the son of British poet ], prompting the formation of the ].<ref name="John">{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Jonathan |title=The Great War and its aftermath: The son who haunted Kipling |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-great-war-and-its-aftermath-the-son-who-haunted-kipling-413795.html |access-date=3 May 2018 |work=The Independent |date=28 August 2006 |archive-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503182230/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-great-war-and-its-aftermath-the-son-who-haunted-kipling-413795.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Societies honoring KIA ==


== NATO definition ==
Many societies venerate those killed in action. They set aside days of remembrance for their militaries and combat dead, and they build memorials and cenotaphs in honor of their fallen. The families of those who die in combat, especially their next-of-kin, sometimes receive preferential treatment such as military honors, exemption from taxes, and financial awards. National militaries also distinguish those killed in action with ] and awards.
NATO defines killed in action or a battle casualty as a combatant who is killed outright or who dies as a result of wounds or other injuries before reaching a medical treatment facility or help from fellow comrades.<ref>{{citation|url=http://nsa.nato.int/nsa/zPublic/ap/aap6/AAP-6.pdf#page=123 |title=AAP-06, NATO Glossary of terms and definitions |publisher=NATO |year=2013 |page=123 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303201526/http://nsa.nato.int/nsa/zPublic/ap/aap6/AAP-6.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-03}}</ref>


⚫ == See also ==
One classic speech on KIA comes from ] ''Funeral Oration'' (after 490 B.C.), which appears in ]' '']'' in which , Pericles honors the Athenian war dead from "one of the opening battles of the ]." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_1/pericles.html Washington State University's reader|title= Pericles' Funeral Oration|accessdate=2007-02-04}}</ref> ] also talks about KIA in his book, ]. For example, he has his character Socrates ask Adeimantus rhetorically, "hen a man dies gloriously in war shall we not say, in the first place, that he is of the golden race?" (Book V, Ch. 468-469) Adeimantus replying in agreement says, "To be sure." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.html|title=The Internet Classics Archive | The Republic by Plato | accessdate = 2007-02-04}}</ref>
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* ]
* ] (MIA)
* ] (POW)
* ] (WIA)
== References ==
{{Reflist}}


== See also== == External links ==
* {{Commonscatinline}}
*]
*]


{{Authority control}}
⚫ == Notes ==
<references/>


{{DEFAULTSORT:Killed in action}}
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Latest revision as of 10:58, 18 December 2024

Military casualty classification used for deaths of personnel
The Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial, near Colleville-sur-Mer in France, honoring American troops who died in Europe during World War II

Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA did not need to have fired their weapons, but only to have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder or other non-hostile events or terrorism. KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval, air and support troops.

Furthermore, the term died of wounds (DOW) is used to denote personnel who reached a medical treatment facility before dying. The category died of wounds received in action (DWRIA) is also used for combat related casualties which occur after medical evacuation.

PKIA means presumed killed in action. This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initially listed missing in action (MIA), but after not being found, are later presumed to have not survived. This is typical of naval battles or engagements on other hostile environments where recovering bodies is difficult. A very large number of soldiers killed in action went unidentified in World War I, like John Kipling, the son of British poet Rudyard Kipling, prompting the formation of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

NATO definition

NATO defines killed in action or a battle casualty as a combatant who is killed outright or who dies as a result of wounds or other injuries before reaching a medical treatment facility or help from fellow comrades.

See also

References

  1. "U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary: killed in action". Archived from the original on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
  2. "Army Casualty and Mortuary Affairs Frequently Asked Questions". Retrieved 2024-11-06.
  3. "Understanding Combat Casualty Care Statistics" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-20.
  4. "DoD Instruction Number 1300.18" (PDF). DPAA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-26.
  5. "USS Milius — Named in honor of Navy pilot Captain Paul L. Milius". public.navy.mil. US Navy. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  6. Brown, Jonathan (28 August 2006). "The Great War and its aftermath: The son who haunted Kipling". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  7. AAP-06, NATO Glossary of terms and definitions (PDF), NATO, 2013, p. 123, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-03

External links

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