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{{short description|11th- and 12th-century Norman noblewoman in England}} {{short description|11th- and 12th-century Norman noblewoman in England}}
{{good article}}
'''Rohese Giffard''' (sometimes '''Rose''',<ref name=Sanders34/> or '''Rohais''';<ref name=RichDNB/> died after 1113) was a ] noblewoman in the late 11th and early 12th century. The daughter of a Norman noble, she was the wife of another Norman noble, ], who took part in the ] of England and was one of the ten wealthiest landholders there after the Conquest. Rohese was mentioned in ] as a landholder in her own right, something uncommon for women. She and Richard had a number of children, and she lived on past his death around 1086, until at least 1113 when she is recorded giving lands to a monastery. Her descendants eventually inherited her father's lands, although this did not occur until the reign of King ] (] 1189-1199). '''Rohese Giffard''' (sometimes '''Rose''',<ref name=Sanders34/> or '''Rohais''';<ref name=RichDNB/> died after 1113) was a ] noblewoman in the late 11th and early 12th century. The daughter of a Norman noble, she was the wife of another Norman noble, ], who was one of the ten wealthiest landholders there after the ]. Rohese is mentioned in ] as a landholder in her own right, something uncommon for women. She and Richard had a number of children, and she lived on past his death around 1086, until at least 1113 when she is recorded giving lands to a monastery. Her descendants eventually inherited her father's lands, although this did not occur until the reign of King ] (] 1189–1199).


==Early life== ==Early life==
Giffard was the daughter of ]. Her maternal grandfather was Gerard Fleitel.<ref name=DP413>Keats-Rohan ''Domesday People'' p. 413</ref> Walter Giffard was the lord of ] in upper Normandy.<ref name=RichDNB/> Rohese was the daughter of ]. Her maternal grandfather was Gerard Fleitel.<ref name=DP413>Keats-Rohan ''Domesday People'' p. 413</ref> Walter Giffard was the lord of ] in ].<ref name=RichDNB/>


==Marriage== ==Marriage and children==
Giffard was the wife of ], the son of ].<ref name=DP413/> ] records him as the eighth-richest landowner in England, with lands centered on two locations—lands in ] and ] grouped around ] and lands in ] and ] grouped around ].<ref name=RichDNB/> Their children were Roger, ], ], ], Richard,<ref name=DP363/> Godfrey,<ref name=RichDNB/> Rohese (or Rohais), and Adelisa.<ref name=DP363/> Rohese was the wife of ], the son of ],<ref name=DP413/> before 1066. After the ] of England, Richard was a leading landowner in England.<ref name=RichDNB/> ] records him as the eighth-richest landowner in England, with lands centered on two locations—lands in ] and ] grouped around ] and lands in ] and ] grouped around ].<ref name=RichDNB/> Their children were Roger, ], ], ], Richard,<ref name=DP363/> Godfrey,<ref name=RichDNB/> Rohais,{{efn|Occasionally Rohese.<ref name=DP363/>}} and Adelisa.<ref name=DP363/>


Roger received the Norman lands after Richard fitz Gilbert's death, Gilbert received his father's English lands, Walter was given a Welsh lordship by King ], and Robert was given lands around London by King Henry I.<ref name=RichDNB/> Richard became a monk at ] and was later ] of ].<ref name=DP363/> The last son, Godfrey, is known only from his burial at Clare.<ref name=RichDNB/> Rohais married ] and Adelisa married ].<ref name=DP363>Keats-Rohan ''Domesday People'' p. 363</ref> A daughter of Richard, who is unnamed, is said to have married ], but it is not known whether this refers to another marriage for either Rohais or Adelisa or if this is a third daughter. Some of the children were born before 1066, as a gift to ] in 1066 mentions the souls of their children.<ref name=RichDNB>Mortimer "Clare, Richard de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> Roger received the Norman lands after Richard fitz Gilbert's death, Gilbert received his father's English lands, Walter was given a Welsh lordship by King ], and Robert was given lands around London by King Henry I.<ref name=RichDNB/> Richard became a monk at ] and was later ] of ].<ref name=DP363/> The last son, Godfrey, is known only from his burial at Clare.<ref name=RichDNB/> Rohais married ] and Adelisa married ].<ref name=DP363>Keats-Rohan ''Domesday People'' p. 363</ref> A daughter of Richard fitz Gilbert, who is unnamed, is said to have married ], but it is not known whether this refers to another marriage for either Rohais or Adelisa or if this is a third daughter. Some of the children were born before 1066, as a gift to ] in 1066 mentions the souls of their children.<ref name=RichDNB>Mortimer "Clare, Richard de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref>


==Landowner== ==Landowner, death, and legacy==
Giffard occurs in Domesday Book as a landowner in her own right,<ref name=DP413/> one of few women mentioned in that survey.<ref name=Women243>Stafford "Women and the Norman Conquest" ''Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'' p. 243</ref> It is not known why she held these lands independently of her husband, as the previous landholders Robert son of Wimac and Archbishop ] have no obvious relationship with her. They may have been her ] although this is not mentioned in Domesday.<ref name=Ward29>Ward ''Estates of the Clare Family'' p. 29 footnote 1</ref> Domesday often does not mention dower or other conditions of female landholding, due to its emphasis on documenting royal rights.<ref name=Women243/> Rohese occurs in Domesday Book (done in 1086) as a landowner in her own right,<ref name=DP413/> one of few women mentioned in that survey.<ref name=Women243>Stafford "Women and the Norman Conquest" ''Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'' p. 243</ref> It is not known why she held these lands independently of her husband, as the previous landholders Robert son of Wimac and Archbishop ] have no obvious relationship with her. They may have been her ] although this is not mentioned in Domesday.<ref name=Ward29>Ward ''Estates of the Clare Family'' p. 29 footnote 1</ref> Domesday often does not mention dower or other conditions of female landholding, due to its emphasis on documenting royal rights.<ref name=Women243/>


Richard died between 1085 and 1087, as his son Gilbert witnesses a charter of King ] in that year. Rohese survived him and was still alive in 1113, when she gave a gift to ] which had been founded as a dependent priory of Bec on Rohese's own manor of ].<ref name=RichDNB/> Rohese's descendants eventually were the heirs to the lands held by her father,<ref name=CPIII242>Cockayne ''Complete Peerage'' Vol. III p. 242</ref> receiving ] of ] in ] in the reign of King ],<ref name=Sanders34>Sanders ''English Baronies'' p. 34</ref> after the lands and inheritance were originally being returned to Richard's father, King ].<ref name=Hudson115>Hudson ''Land, Law, and Lordship'' p. 115</ref> Richard fitz Gilbert died between 1085 and 1087, as his son Gilbert witnesses a charter of King ] in 1087. Rohese survived him and was still alive in 1113, when she gave a gift to ] which had been founded as a dependent priory of ] in Normandy on Rohese's own manor of ].<ref name=RichDNB/> Rohese's descendants eventually were the heirs to the lands held by her father,<ref name=CPIII242>Cockayne ''Complete Peerage'' Vol. III p. 242</ref> receiving ] of ] in ] in the reign of King ] (r. 1189–1199),<ref name=Sanders34>Sanders ''English Baronies'' p. 34</ref> after the lands and inheritance were originally returned to Richard's father, King ] (r. 1154–1189).<ref name=Hudson115>Hudson ''Land, Law, and Lordship'' p. 115</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}


==Citations== ==Citations==
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* {{cite encyclopedia |author= Mortimer, Richard |title=Clare, Richard de (1030x35–1087x90) |encyclopedia = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher= Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5445 |accessdate= 7 January 2015 |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/5445}} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite encyclopedia |author= Mortimer, Richard |title=Clare, Richard de (1030x35–1087x90) |encyclopedia = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher= Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5445 |accessdate= 7 January 2015 |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/5445}} {{ODNBsub}}
* {{cite book |author=Sanders, I. J. |title=English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086–1327 |publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, UK |year=1960 |oclc= 931660}} * {{cite book |author=Sanders, I. J. |title=English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086–1327 |publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, UK |year=1960 |oclc= 931660}}
* {{cite journal |author=Stafford, Pauline |title=Women and the Norman Conquest |journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Sixth Series |authorlink=Pauline Stafford |volume=4 |year=1994 |pages=221–249 |jstor=3679222 }} * {{cite journal |author=Stafford, Pauline |title=Women and the Norman Conquest |journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society |series=Sixth Series |authorlink=Pauline Stafford |volume=4 |year=1994 |pages=221–249 |doi=10.2307/3679222 |jstor=3679222 }}
* {{cite thesis |author=Ward, Jennifer Clare |title=The Estates of the Clare Family 1066–1317 |year=1962 |url=https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294586 |type=PhD |publisher=University of London }} * {{cite thesis |author=Ward, Jennifer Clare |title=The Estates of the Clare Family 1066–1317 |year=1962 |url=https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294586 |type=PhD |publisher=University of London }}
{{refend}} {{refend}}
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Latest revision as of 19:54, 15 December 2024

11th- and 12th-century Norman noblewoman in England

Rohese Giffard (sometimes Rose, or Rohais; died after 1113) was a Norman noblewoman in the late 11th and early 12th century. The daughter of a Norman noble, she was the wife of another Norman noble, Richard fitzGilbert, who was one of the ten wealthiest landholders there after the Norman Conquest. Rohese is mentioned in Domesday Book as a landholder in her own right, something uncommon for women. She and Richard had a number of children, and she lived on past his death around 1086, until at least 1113 when she is recorded giving lands to a monastery. Her descendants eventually inherited her father's lands, although this did not occur until the reign of King Richard I of England (r. 1189–1199).

Early life

Rohese was the daughter of Walter Giffard. Her maternal grandfather was Gerard Fleitel. Walter Giffard was the lord of Longueville-sur-Scie in Upper Normandy.

Marriage and children

Rohese was the wife of Richard fitz Gilbert, the son of Gilbert, Count of Brionne, before 1066. After the Norman Conquest of England, Richard was a leading landowner in England. Domesday Book records him as the eighth-richest landowner in England, with lands centered on two locations—lands in Kent and Surrey grouped around Tonbridge and lands in Essex and Suffolk grouped around Clare. Their children were Roger, Gilbert, Walter, Robert, Richard, Godfrey, Rohais, and Adelisa.

Roger received the Norman lands after Richard fitz Gilbert's death, Gilbert received his father's English lands, Walter was given a Welsh lordship by King Henry I of England, and Robert was given lands around London by King Henry I. Richard became a monk at Bec Abbey and was later abbot of Ely Abbey. The last son, Godfrey, is known only from his burial at Clare. Rohais married Eudo Dapifer and Adelisa married Walter Tirel. A daughter of Richard fitz Gilbert, who is unnamed, is said to have married Ralph de Fougères, but it is not known whether this refers to another marriage for either Rohais or Adelisa or if this is a third daughter. Some of the children were born before 1066, as a gift to Jumièges Abbey in 1066 mentions the souls of their children.

Landowner, death, and legacy

Rohese occurs in Domesday Book (done in 1086) as a landowner in her own right, one of few women mentioned in that survey. It is not known why she held these lands independently of her husband, as the previous landholders Robert son of Wimac and Archbishop Stigand have no obvious relationship with her. They may have been her dower lands although this is not mentioned in Domesday. Domesday often does not mention dower or other conditions of female landholding, due to its emphasis on documenting royal rights.

Richard fitz Gilbert died between 1085 and 1087, as his son Gilbert witnesses a charter of King William II of England in 1087. Rohese survived him and was still alive in 1113, when she gave a gift to St Neot's Priory which had been founded as a dependent priory of Bec Abbey in Normandy on Rohese's own manor of Eynesbury. Rohese's descendants eventually were the heirs to the lands held by her father, receiving half the honour of Long Crendon in Buckinghamshire in the reign of King Richard I of England (r. 1189–1199), after the lands and inheritance were originally returned to Richard's father, King Henry II of England (r. 1154–1189).

Footnotes

  1. Occasionally Rohese.

Citations

  1. ^ Sanders English Baronies p. 34
  2. ^ Mortimer "Clare, Richard de" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  3. ^ Keats-Rohan Domesday People p. 413
  4. ^ Keats-Rohan Domesday People p. 363
  5. ^ Stafford "Women and the Norman Conquest" Transactions of the Royal Historical Society p. 243
  6. Ward Estates of the Clare Family p. 29 footnote 1
  7. Cockayne Complete Peerage Vol. III p. 242
  8. Hudson Land, Law, and Lordship p. 115

References

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