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{{About|the Nigerian city|the Caribbean game|Oware|the steamship|SS Warri}} {{for|the steamship|SS Warri}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2010}} {{Use British English|date=September 2010}}
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{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| settlement_type = City <!-- Basic info ---------------->| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = | image_skyline =
| imagesize = | imagesize =
| image_caption = Warri | image_caption = Warri Port
| nickname = Waffi, Waff Town | nickname = Waffi, Waff, Waff Town
| motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | motto = <!-- images and maps ----------->
| image_map = | image_map =
| mapsize = | mapsize =
| map_caption = | map_caption =
| image_map1 = | image_map1 =
| mapsize1 = | mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 = | map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = Nigeria<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_map = Nigeria<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nigeria | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nigeria
<!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|5|31|N|5|45|E|region:NG|display=inline}} <!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|5|31|N|5|45|E|region:NG|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = ] ] | subdivision_name = ]
| subdivision_type1 = ] | subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = Local Government | subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ], ], ] | subdivision_name2 = ]
| leader_title = Executive Governor | leader_title = Executive Governor
| leader_name = ] | leader_name = ]
| leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1 = | leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m = | elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| population_total = 3 Million+ | population_total =
| population_as_of = 2016 est | population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/cities/?cityid=13459 | title=Nigeria: States & Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information }}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = | population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_sq_mi =
| population_urban = | population_urban = 363,382
| population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_km2 = 12,112.73
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_metro = | population_metro = 1,043,122
| population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_km2 = 5,215.61
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_note = | population_note =
<!-- GDP --------------->
| postal_code_type = <!-- 332231, 332232, 320242. -->
| postal_code = | demographics_type2 = ]
| area_code = | demographics2_footnotes =
| footnotes = | demographics2_title1 = Year
| image_dot_map = | demographics2_info1 = 2023
| dot_mapsize = | demographics2_title2 = Total
| demographics2_info2 = $10.9&nbsp;billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_nga.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}</ref>
| dot_map_caption =
| demographics2_title3 = Per capita
| dot_x =
| dot_y = | demographics2_info3 = $11,100
| government_footnotes = <!-- Government --> | postal_code_type = <!-- 332231, 332232, 320242. -->
| leader_title2 = | postal_code =
| leader_name2 = | area_code =
| leader_title3 = | footnotes =
| leader_name3 = | image_dot_map =
| leader_title4 = | dot_mapsize =
| leader_name4 = | dot_map_caption =
| timezone = | dot_x =
| utc_offset = | dot_y =
| government_footnotes = <!-- Government -->
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST = | leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| blank_name = ]
| leader_title3 =
| blank_info = ]
| blank1_name = Ethnicities | leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| blank1_info = ], ], ]
| blank2_name = Languages | leader_name4 =
| timezone =
| blanck2_info = ], ], ], and
| utc_offset =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = ]
| demographics1_info1 = ], ], ]
| demographics1_title2 = ]
| demographics1_info2 = ], ], ], and
] ]
| blank3_name = Religions | demographics1_title3 = ]
| blank3_info = 95% ], 3% ], 2% ] | demographics1_info3 = 95% ], 3% African Traditions, 2% ]
| official_name = | official_name = Warri
| native_name_lang = | native_name_lang =
}} }}


The city of '''Warri''' is an oil hub within South-South ] and houses an annex of the ] ]. It served as the colonial capital of the then Warri Province.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warri, Nigeria – International Cities of Peace|url=http://www.internationalcitiesofpeace.org/cities-listing/warri-nigeria/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref> The city of '''Warri''' is an oil hub within ] Nigeria and houses an annex of the ] ]. Warri City is one of the major hubs of the ]. Warri, ], ] and ] are the commercial capital of ] with a population of over 311,970 people in 2006.<ref name="nigeria gov">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.population.gov.ng/images/Vol%2003%20Table%20DSx%20LGAPop%20by%20SDistrict-PDF.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075911/http://www.population.gov.ng/images/Vol%2003%20Table%20DSx%20LGAPop%20by%20SDistrict-PDF.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The city is the ] ] of ], ] and ] people.


It shares boundaries with ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@0,0,22z|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Google Maps|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uvwie · Nigeria|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Uvwie/@5.5644431,5.7788541,10z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1041ada58d095a6f:0x26f40f634d9553d|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Uvwie · Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> ] which is in ] L.G.A and houses an airport that serves the city. Warri shares boundaries with ] to the east, ] to the south east, ] to the south, and other communities in ] to the west.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uvwie · Nigeria|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Uvwie/@5.5644431,5.7788541,10z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1041ada58d095a6f:0x26f40f634d9553d|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Uvwie · Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Due to its rapid population growth and linked roads, the city and its border towns, e.g. ], ] merged into a ] collectively referred as "Warri".


Warri sits on the bank of ] which joined Forcados River and ] through ] in the lower ] Region. The city has a modern seaport, which serves as the cargo transit point between the ] and the Atlantic Ocean for import and export.
The name "'''Warri Province'''" was once applicable to the part of an area now called ] under the ].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Okoh|first=Oghenetoja|date=July 2016|title=WHO CONTROLS WARRI? HOW ETHNICITY BECAME VOLATILE IN THE WESTERN NIGER DELTA (1928–52)*|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/who-controls-warri-how-ethnicity-became-volatile-in-the-western-niger-delta-192852/AF9F401F70B67A02FCFC40E646EEF1B5|journal=The Journal of African History|language=en|volume=57|issue=2|pages=209–230|doi=10.1017/S0021853716000074|s2cid=163543228|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> Its boundary in the Northeast was Sapele with ] in the South-east and Jameson Creek in the South-west which later changed to ].


Warri served as the capital of the colonial Warri Province during the early 1900s when this part of ] was under the ].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Okoh|first=Oghenetoja|date=July 2016|title=WHO CONTROLS WARRI? HOW ETHNICITY BECAME VOLATILE IN THE WESTERN NIGER DELTA (1928–52)*|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/who-controls-warri-how-ethnicity-became-volatile-in-the-western-niger-delta-192852/AF9F401F70B67A02FCFC40E646EEF1B5|journal=The Journal of African History|language=en|volume=57|issue=2|pages=209–230|doi=10.1017/S0021853716000074|s2cid=163543228|issn=0021-8537}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2017 |title=Warri, Nigeria – International Cities of Peace |url=http://www.internationalcitiesofpeace.org/cities-listing/warri-nigeria/ |access-date=2021-06-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Warri city is one of the major hubs of ].{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} It is a commercial capital city of Delta State, with a population of over 311,970 people according to the 2006 national population census figures.<ref name="nigeria gov">{{Cite web |url=http://www.population.gov.ng/images/Vol%2003%20Table%20DSx%20LGAPop%20by%20SDistrict-PDF.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075911/http://www.population.gov.ng/images/Vol%2003%20Table%20DSx%20LGAPop%20by%20SDistrict-PDF.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The city is originally ] and occupied by the ], ] and ].

Its inhabitants are predominantly Christians of different denominations, and some practice a mixture of African traditional religions like most of Southern Nigeria. The city is known nationwide for its unique ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ikeke|first=Nkem|date=2017-03-12|title=8 cities in Nigeria where people cannot do without speaking Pidgin English|url=https://www.legit.ng/1092565-8-nigerian-cities-pidgin-english-spoken.html|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref>


==History== ==History==


===Etymology===
The city of Warri or Iwerre has existed since 1480.<ref name=Punch1>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-20|title=Warri Kingdom, according to history dating back 541 years|url=https://punchng.com/warri-kingdom-according-to-history-dating-back-541-years/|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref>
The name 'WARRI' was first associated with the ] ] capital town of ] which the locals also refer to as 'Iwerre'. A ] of Iwerre by several European ] probably resulted in various names like AWERRI, OUWERI, WARRE, WARREE, etc. The ] eventually anglancised it as WARRI.<ref>Ryder, A. F. C. "MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN THE KINGDOM OF WARRI TO THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY." Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, vol. 2, no. 1, 1960, pp. 1–26. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41970817. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
</ref>


===British Advent pre Warri City===
]
]ism effectively took off in the Western ] with the proclamation of the Oil Coast Protectorate by ] in June 1885. ] administration was carried out through local chiefs like Nana Olomu of Ebrohimi in ]. This administration was effectively restricted to Benin River and its environs as the ] were content with conducting ] with the people of the ]s through the ] as ].<ref>Lloyd, P. C. "The Itsekiri in the Nineteenth Century; An Outline Social History." The Journal of African History, vol. 4, no. 2, 1963, pp. 207–31. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/179535. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
The current Olu of Warri is ], who was crowned on 21 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-22|title=All hail Olu of Warri, Atuwatse III|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/all-hail-olu-of-warri-atuwatse-iii/|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
</ref>
It was once a provincial capital to British rule. The ] and ] were formally united as Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria on 28 February 1906 and ] was appointed as the Governor of new Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, holding office until 1912{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}. In this new region called ], the old ] became the Western Province, and the former Southern Nigerian Protectorate was split into a Central Province with capital at Warri and an Eastern Province with capital at ].


===Creation of Warri City===
Warri sits on the bank of River Warri which joined River Forcados and River Escravos through ] in the lower ] Region. The city has a modern seaport which serves as the cargo transit point between the ] and the ] for import and export. The city's history dates back to the 15th century when it was visited by ] missionaries. Subsequently, it served as the base for ] and Dutch ]. Warri became a more important port city during the late 19th century, when it became a centre for the ] trade and other major items such as ], palm products, ], ]s, hides, and skins.<ref name="greatest cities">http://www.greatestcities.com/Africa/Nigeria/Warri_city.html</ref>
The ] decided to move the seat of the administration of the Niger Coast Protectorate from the capital ] (Warri or Iwerre) to the ] to have effective control of the ]. In order to achieve this, the British in 1906 took a ] of a new trading station opened in 1898 on ]s for Alexander Miller Brothers Limited of Liverpool at the mouth of the Okere Creeks. This new ] was also named WARRI after the capital Ode-Itsekiri so the Itsekiris dubbed Ode-Itsekiri BIG WARRI in order to differentiate Ode-Itsekiri from the new trading station.<ref>Jones, G. I. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, vol. 43, no. 1, 1973, pp. 78–80. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1158548. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.

</ref>
Warri was then established as a provincial headquarters by the British in the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-20|title=Warri Kingdom, according to history dating back 541 years|url=https://punchng.com/warri-kingdom-according-to-history-dating-back-541-years/|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=ekeh>{{Cite book|last= Ekeh|first=Peter Palmer |title=Warri City and British Colonial Rule in Western Niger Delta |year=2005 |publisher=Urhobo Historical Society |isbn=978-064-924-7 |pages=31 |author-link= Peter Palmer Ekeh}}</ref> There has been tremendous growth in population; it has grown from being a rural area to an urban area.


==Demographics== ==Demographics==
Its inhabitants are predominantly Christians of different denominations, and some practice a mixture of African traditional religions like most of Southern Nigeria. The city is known nationwide for its unique ], mostly among the less educated or uneducated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeke |first=Nkem |date=2017-03-12 |title=8 cities in Nigeria where people cannot do without speaking Pidgin English |url=https://www.legit.ng/1092565-8-nigerian-cities-pidgin-english-spoken.html |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref>
Warri is regarded as a modern metropolitan area with expanded infrastructural development in other local government areas such as ], ], and ] in recent years, with various road networks linking these places into one. Each of these areas has its own administrative structure{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}.

The major people in Warri city are the ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-07-08|title=Niger Delta moving from agitation to rebellion?|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/fr/node/212929|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The New Humanitarian|language=fr}}</ref> However, due to its urban status, there is a large influx of people from all over the country, most notably the Igbos.


==Climate== ==Climate==
The region experiences moderate rainfall and moderate humidity for the most part of the year. The climate is monsoonal and is marked by two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season lasts from about November to April and is significantly marked by the cool "harmattan" dusty haze from the north-east winds. The rainy season spans May to October with a brief dry spell in August, but it frequently rains even in the dry season. The area is characterized by a tropical monsoon climate with a mean annual temperature of {{cvt|32.8|°C}} and an annual rainfall amount of {{cvt|2770|mm}}. There are high temperatures of {{cvt|28|°C}} and {{cvt|32|°C}}. The surrounding region is predominantly ], tending to ]lands in some areas. The vegetation is rich in timber trees, palm trees, as well as fruit trees. The area is characterised by a ] (] ''Am'') with a mean annual temperature of {{cvt|26.7|°C}} and an annual rainfall amount of {{cvt|2770|mm}}. High temperatures are typically between {{convert|28|and|32|°C|°F|1}}. The climate is monsoonal and marked by two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season lasts from about November to April and is significantly marked by the cool "harmattan" dusty haze from the north-east ]. The rainy season spans May to October with a brief drier spell in August, but it frequently rains even in the dry season. The surrounding region is predominantly ], tending to ]lands in some areas. The vegetation is rich in timber trees, palm trees, as well as fruit trees.


{{Weather box {{Weather box
| width = auto
|location = Warri
|metric first = Y | metric first = yes
|single line = Y | single line = yes
| location = Warri (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 31.5
|Feb high C = 32.2 | Jan record high C = 37
|Mar high C = 32.4 | Feb record high C = 38.5
|Apr high C = 32.2 | Mar record high C = 37.5
|May high C = 31.5 | Apr record high C = 37.6
|Jun high C = 30.0 | May record high C = 36.2
|Jul high C = 28.4 | Jun record high C = 35.1
|Aug high C = 28.4 | Jul record high C = 34.4
|Sep high C = 28.8 | Aug record high C = 33.7
|Oct high C = 30.0 | Sep record high C = 34
|Nov high C = 31.4 | Oct record high C = 36.4
|Dec high C = 31.5 | Nov record high C = 36.5
|year high C = 30.7 | Dec record high C = 36.8
|Jan mean C = 26.8 | year record high C = 38.5
|Feb mean C = 27.5 | Jan high C = 33.3
|Mar mean C = 27.9 | Feb high C = 34.2
|Apr mean C = 28.0 | Mar high C = 34.1
|May mean C = 27.3 | Apr high C = 33.4
|Jun mean C = 26.3 | May high C = 32.7
|Jul mean C = 25.2 | Jun high C = 30.9
|Aug mean C = 25.3 | Jul high C = 29.2
|Sep mean C = 25.5 | Aug high C = 29.0
|Oct mean C = 26.3 | Sep high C = 29.9
|Nov mean C = 27.1 | Oct high C = 31.3
|Dec mean C = 26.8 | Nov high C = 32.9
|year mean C = 26.7 | Dec high C = 33.4
|Jan low C = 22.1 | year high C = 32.0
|Feb low C = 22.9 | Jan mean C = 28.2
|Mar low C = 23.5 | Feb mean C = 29.4
|Apr low C = 23.8 | Mar mean C = 29.5
|May low C = 23.1 | Apr mean C = 29.0
|Jun low C = 22.6 | May mean C = 28.4
|Jul low C = 21.0 | Jun mean C = 27.3
|Aug low C = 22.3 | Jul mean C = 26.3
|Sep low C = 22.3 | Aug mean C = 26.2
|Oct low C = 22.6 | Sep mean C = 26.6
|Nov low C = 22.9 | Oct mean C = 27.5
|Dec low C = 22.2 | Nov mean C = 28.5
|year low C = 22.6 | Dec mean C = 28.4
| year mean C = 27.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 30 | Jan low C = 23.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 58 | Feb low C = 24.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 127 | Mar low C = 24.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 201 | Apr low C = 24.6
|May precipitation mm = 270 | May low C = 24.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 367 | Jun low C = 23.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 474 | Jul low C = 23.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 324 | Aug low C = 23.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 457 | Sep low C = 23.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 325 | Oct low C = 23.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 104 | Nov low C = 24.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 31 | Dec low C = 23.5
|year precipitation mm = 2768 | year low C = 23.9
| Jan record low C = 15
|source 1 = Climate-Data.Org<ref name = Climate-Data.Org>
| Feb record low C = 16
{{cite web
| Mar record low C = 19
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/513/
| Apr record low C = 19
| title = Climate: Warri
| May record low C = 19
| publisher = ]
| Jun record low C = 18
| access-date = 29 October 2016}}</ref>
| Jul record low C = 20.6
| Aug record low C = 20
| Sep record low C = 19.4
| Oct record low C = 19
| Nov record low C = 19
| Dec record low C = 17
| year record low C = 15.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 27.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 59.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 133.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 214.3
| May precipitation mm = 275.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 343.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 491.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 330.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 432.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 366.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 120.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 28.2
| year precipitation mm = 2823.5
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.2
| Feb precipitation days = 3.7
| Mar precipitation days = 8.9
| Apr precipitation days = 12.0
| May precipitation days = 15.5
| Jun precipitation days = 18.4
| Jul precipitation days = 21.4
| Aug precipitation days = 18.2
| Sep precipitation days = 21.1
| Oct precipitation days = 19.2
| Nov precipitation days = 8.9
| Dec precipitation days = 2.7
| year precipitation days = 152.1
| Jan humidity = 80.3
| Feb humidity = 83.5
| Mar humidity = 87.5
| Apr humidity = 89.5
| May humidity = 90.9
| Jun humidity = 91.4
| Jul humidity = 90.7
| Aug humidity = 89.6
| Sep humidity = 91.2
| Oct humidity = 91.4
| Nov humidity = 88.7
| Dec humidity = 82.4
| year humidity = 88.1
| source = ]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/Warri_65236.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Warri
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 9, 2024}}</ref>
}} }}


== Economy and infrastructure == == Economy and infrastructure ==
There is the Warri Refinery and Petrochemicals located at Ekpan, with the majority of international and local oil companies operating in Nigeria having their operational offices close by. There is the Warri Refinery and Petrochemicals located at Ekpan and Ubeji, Warri proportionately <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/12/warri-refinerys-host-communities-threaten-chaos-over-sack-of-back-up-staff/amp/ | title=Warri Refinery's host communities threaten chaos over sack of back-up staff | date=8 December 2015 }}</ref> with the majority of international and local oil companies operating in Nigeria having their operational offices close by.
One of the nation's major seaports is sited within Ugbuwangue, Warri. One of the nation's major seaports is sited within Ugbuwangue, Warri.


Due to conflict in the late 90s, especially in 1999, most oil companies fled the town and nearby regions{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}. Due to conflict in the late 90s, especially in 1999, most oil companies fled the town and nearby regions.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Economy of Conflict in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233573551_The_Economy_of_Conflict_in_the_Oil_Rich_Niger_Delta_Region_of_Nigeria |journal=African and Asian Studies}}</ref>


=== Security === === Security ===
Warri is garrisoned by the Amphibious Infantry battalion (] Army Base) located in ], a to Warri and is administratively under the Brigade HQ in ]. Warri is garrisoned by the Amphibious Infantry battalion (] Army Base) located in the Effurun area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home page |url=https://army.mil.ng/?page_id=17 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Nigerian Army {{!}} Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref>


The ] operates from its facilities in Warri. The ] operates from its facilities in Warri.
Line 193: Line 252:


==== Sports ==== ==== Sports ====
Warri has an international stadium with a capacity of 30,000 which is the home of ] football club,<ref>]</ref><ref>]</ref> which has hosted two editions of the ] in 2002 and 2006 respectively and was in contention as one of the venues to be used for the ] Under-17 World Cup in ] in 2009. The stadium was used to host the ] (AYAC) in 2013. Warri has an international stadium with a capacity of 30,000 which is the home of ] football club,<ref>]</ref><ref>]</ref> which has hosted two editions of the ] in 2002 and 2006 respectively and was in contention as one of the venues to be used for the ] Under-17 World Cup in ] in 2009. The stadium was used to host the ] (AYAC) in 2013.


], a professional football team based in Warri plays in the ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2022-01-05|title=NNL: Warri Wolves return from break Monday|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/nnl-warri-wolves-return-from-break-monday/|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> Their prominent former players include ], ], ], ] and ]. ], a professional football team based in Warri plays in the ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2022-01-05|title=NNL: Warri Wolves return from break Monday|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/nnl-warri-wolves-return-from-break-monday/|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> Their prominent former players include ], ], ], ] and ].
Line 204: Line 263:
==Transport== ==Transport==
===Rail=== ===Rail===
In 1991, construction started on a ] railway from the steel mills at ] to the port of Warri, about 275&nbsp;km away. By 2006, the standard gauge lines had reached 329&nbsp;km in length, but the final 27&nbsp;km Warri section is still incomplete. In 2010, work recommenced to complete that final section to Warri. The rail line was officially inaugurated in September 2020. In 1991, construction started on a ] railway from the steel mills at ] to the port of Warri, about 275&nbsp;km away. By 2006, the standard gauge lines had reached 329&nbsp;km in length, the final 27&nbsp;km Warri section has been completed. In 2010, work recommenced to complete the final section to Warri. The rail line was officially inaugurated in September 2020 with the terminal at ].


===Road=== ===Road===
Line 210: Line 269:


===Air=== ===Air===
There are several helipads in oil company yards, like shell yard Ogunu and in Escavos and Focados. There are several helipads in oil company yards, like Shell yard Ogunu and in Escavos and Focados. There is a general passenger airport at the ] area.


===Sea=== ===Sea===
Line 218: Line 277:


=== Primary schools === === Primary schools ===
Primary schools in Warri are: Primary schools in Warri include:
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->

<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* Ogiame Primary School, Warri
* Ikengbuwa Primary School, Warri
* Cavagina Primary School, Warri
* Twin Fountain Group of Schools
* HillTop
* International Unity School (IUS)
* ] Staff Primary School
* SNAPS
* ] * ]
* Kids Compute Academy
* Edjeba Estate School, Warri
* Lakeland School Ogunu, Warri


=== Secondary schools === === Secondary schools ===
Secondary schools are also in numbers in the city of Warri. These include: Secondary schools include:
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->

<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* Yonwuren Secondary School, Warri
* College of Education Demonstration Secondary School, Warri
* Twin Fountain Group of Schools
* Cambridge International School
* Delta Careers College
* Federal Government College
* ]
* Nana College, Warri
* Dom Domingos College, Warri
* ]
* ], Warri * ], Warri
* ], Warri * ]
* Uwangue College, Warri
* Urhobo College, Effurun
* Classical International Schools
* Ugborikoko Secondary School
* Army Day Secondary School, Effurun
* College of Commerce Warri
* DSC Technical High School, Ovwian-Aladja
* Our Lady's High School, Effurun
* Mega Stars Christian School, Udu
* Eagles Height School, Ajamhimogha
* Ogbe Secondary School, Effurun
* Ochuks Academy, Adjomo Avenue, Warri

=== Higher institutions ===
There are various institutions of higher learning sited within the Warri Metropolis:

*College of Education at Edjeba, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Us – College of Education, Warri|url=https://coewarri.edu.ng/contact-us/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref>
*The Delta State Nursing School, Ogunu, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-26|title=Delta State Schools of Nursing Admission Form 2020/2021|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/delta-state-schools-of-nursing-form/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref>
*Eagle Heights University, Omadino, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Oritsejafor Will Bankroll N2.5 billion Eagle Height University {{!}} Encomium Magazine|url=https://encomium.ng/how-oritsejafor-will-bankroll-n2-5-billion-eagle-height-university/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref>
*] Okerenkoko, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-11|title=Homepage|url=https://www.nmu.edu.ng/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=NMU|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun
*], Effurun


==Tourism== ==Tourism==
There are various tourist sites to visit while in Warri:<ref name="goodie ibru">{{Cite web|url=http://www.deltastate.gov.ng/retreathotel.htm |title= hotel and tourism development potentials in delta state |work=goodie ibru| date=2 June 2001 | access-date = 11 January 2008}}</ref> There are various tourist sites to visit while in Warri:<ref name="goodie ibru">{{Cite web|url=http://www.deltastate.gov.ng/retreathotel.htm |title= hotel and tourism development potentials in delta state |work=goodie ibru| date=2 June 2001 | access-date = 11 January 2008}}</ref>


* Red Mangrove swamp{{Cn|date=September 2023}}
* Nana Living History Museum<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-09|title=100 years of Nanna of Itsekiri's 'Living History'|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/100-years-nanna-itsekiris-living-history/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Red Mangrove swamp
* Falcorp Mangrove Park / Mini Zoo, Ijala, Behind Warri Refinery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opening hours: Falcorp Mangrove Park - Warri Zoo and Nature Park|url=https://opening-hours.com.ng/0645149/Falcorp_Mangrove_Park_-_Warri_Zoo_and_Nature_Park|access-date=2021-06-25|website=opening-hours.com.ng|language=en-NG}}</ref> * Falcorp Mangrove Park / Mini Zoo, Ijala, Behind Warri Refinery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opening hours: Falcorp Mangrove Park - Warri Zoo and Nature Park|url=https://opening-hours.com.ng/0645149/Falcorp_Mangrove_Park_-_Warri_Zoo_and_Nature_Park|access-date=2021-06-25|website=opening-hours.com.ng|language=en-NG}}</ref>
* ]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warri Township Stadium - Football Stadium|url=https://www.football-lineups.com/stadium/4819/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Football-Lineups}}</ref> * ]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warri Township Stadium - Football Stadium|url=https://www.football-lineups.com/stadium/4819/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Football-Lineups}}</ref>
* Shell club, Ogunu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shell Ogunu Golf Club {{!}} All Square Golf|url=https://www.allsquaregolf.com/golf-courses/nigeria/shell-ogunu-golf-club|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.allsquaregolf.com|language=en}}</ref> * Shell club, Ogunu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shell Ogunu Golf Club {{!}} All Square Golf|url=https://www.allsquaregolf.com/golf-courses/nigeria/shell-ogunu-golf-club|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.allsquaregolf.com|language=en}}</ref>
* Warri Port, Ugbuwangue, Warri {{citation needed|date=December 2022}}


==Religion== ==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their OWN article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->

<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
{{Empty section|date=February 2022}}
*], footballer<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Media |date=2018-06-11 |title=Biography Of Charity Ogbenyealu Adule |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-charity-ogbenyealu-adule/ |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=Media Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notable residents==
Notable Nigerian ministers from Warri include ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-06|title=...Fufeyin foresees manipulation of 2019 polls|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/fufeyin-foresees-manipulation-of-2019-polls/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
*], footballer<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nigeria|first=Media|date=2018-06-11|title=Biography Of Charity Ogbenyealu Adule|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-charity-ogbenyealu-adule/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref>
*], footballer<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/619938382|title=The PFA footballers' who's who 2010-11|date=2010|publisher=Mainstream|others=Barry J. Hugman|isbn=978-1-84596-601-0|location=Edinburgh|oclc=619938382}}</ref>
*] (1928–1993), first elected Deputy Governor of ] (1979–1983)<ref>{{Cite web|title=PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines.|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20190920/282063393681040|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.pressreader.com}}</ref>
*], musician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Wedding Bells: Rapper Erigga Is Getting Married To His Long Time Girlfriend|url=https://guardian.ng/life/wedding-bells-rapper-erigga-is-getting-married-to-his-long-time-girlfriend/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> *], musician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Wedding Bells: Rapper Erigga Is Getting Married To His Long Time Girlfriend|url=https://guardian.ng/life/wedding-bells-rapper-erigga-is-getting-married-to-his-long-time-girlfriend/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Pastor ], former CAN President<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-16|title=Check out former CAN president's security detail |url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/religion/pastor-ayo-oritsejafor-check-out-former-can-presidents-security-detail-video/8xblhdp|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> *] - Head prophet<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-06|title=...Fufeyin foresees manipulation of 2019 polls|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/fufeyin-foresees-manipulation-of-2019-polls/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
*] Speaker ]
*], footballer<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/619938382 |title=The PFA footballers' who's who 2010-11 |date=2010 |publisher=Mainstream |others=Barry J. Hugman |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |location=Edinburgh |oclc=619938382}}</ref>
*], former CAN President<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-16|title=Check out former CAN president's security detail |url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/religion/pastor-ayo-oritsejafor-check-out-former-can-presidents-security-detail-video/8xblhdp|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref>
*] former deputy governor of ]
*], food writer<ref>{{cite web |title=Ozoz Sokoh |url=https://www.instagram.com/smocontemporaryart/p/BRWnZ_pjZmg/?hl=en |publisher=SMO Contemporary Art}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
Line 304: Line 322:
==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}
{{commons category}}
* http://ngr.ng/understanding-the-warri-itsekiri-name-pattern/


{{Cities in Nigeria}} {{Cities in Nigeria}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}
{{Coord|5|31|N|5|45|E|region:NG-DE_type:city(546576)|display=title}}


] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 22:18, 3 January 2025

For the steamship, see SS Warri.

City in Delta State, Nigeria
Warri
City
Nickname(s): Waffi, Waff, Waff Town
Warri is located in NigeriaWarriWarriLocation in Nigeria
Coordinates: 5°31′N 5°45′E / 5.517°N 5.750°E / 5.517; 5.750
CountryNigeria
StateDelta State
Local Government AreaWarri South LGA
Government
 • Executive GovernorSheriff Oborevwori
Population
 • Urban363,382
 • Urban density31,371.8/sq mi (12,112.73/km)
 • Metro1,043,122
 • Metro density13,508.4/sq mi (5,215.61/km)
Demographics
 • EthnicitiesItsekiri, Urhobo, Ijaw
 • LanguagesPidgin English, Itsekiri, Urhobo, and Ijaw
 • Religions95% Christianity, 3% African Traditions, 2% Islam
GDP (PPP, 2015 int. Dollar)
 • Year2023
 • Total$10.9 billion
 • Per capita$11,100

The city of Warri is an oil hub within South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House. Warri City is one of the major hubs of the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Warri, Udu, Okpe and Uvwie are the commercial capital of Delta State with a population of over 311,970 people in 2006. The city is the indigenous territory of Itsekiri, Urhobo and Ijaw people.

Warri shares boundaries with Uvwie to the east, Udu to the south east, Ogbe-ijoh to the south, and other communities in Warri South LGA to the west. Due to its rapid population growth and linked roads, the city and its border towns, e.g. Uvwie, Udu merged into a conurbation collectively referred as "Warri".

Warri sits on the bank of Warri River which joined Forcados River and Escravos River through Jones Creek in the lower Niger Delta Region. The city has a modern seaport, which serves as the cargo transit point between the Niger River and the Atlantic Ocean for import and export.

Warri served as the capital of the colonial Warri Province during the early 1900s when this part of Delta State was under the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria.

History

Etymology

The name 'WARRI' was first associated with the Itsekiri ancestral capital town of Ode Itsekiri which the locals also refer to as 'Iwerre'. A mispronunciation of Iwerre by several European explorers probably resulted in various names like AWERRI, OUWERI, WARRE, WARREE, etc. The British eventually anglancised it as WARRI.

British Advent pre Warri City

British colonialism effectively took off in the Western Niger Delta with the proclamation of the Oil Coast Protectorate by Great Britain in June 1885. British colonial administration was carried out through local chiefs like Nana Olomu of Ebrohimi in Benin River. This administration was effectively restricted to Benin River and its environs as the British were content with conducting trade with the people of the hinterlands through the Itsekiri as middlemen.

Creation of Warri City

The British decided to move the seat of the administration of the Niger Coast Protectorate from the capital Ode-Itsekiri (Warri or Iwerre) to the uplands to have effective control of the hinterlands. In order to achieve this, the British in 1906 took a lease of a new trading station opened in 1898 on virgin lands for Alexander Miller Brothers Limited of Liverpool at the mouth of the Okere Creeks. This new trading station was also named WARRI after the capital Ode-Itsekiri so the Itsekiris dubbed Ode-Itsekiri BIG WARRI in order to differentiate Ode-Itsekiri from the new trading station.

Demographics

Its inhabitants are predominantly Christians of different denominations, and some practice a mixture of African traditional religions like most of Southern Nigeria. The city is known nationwide for its unique Pidgin, mostly among the less educated or uneducated.

Climate

The area is characterised by a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) with a mean annual temperature of 26.7 °C (80.1 °F) and an annual rainfall amount of 2,770 mm (109 in). High temperatures are typically between 28 and 32 °C (82.4 and 89.6 °F). The climate is monsoonal and marked by two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season lasts from about November to April and is significantly marked by the cool "harmattan" dusty haze from the north-east trade winds. The rainy season spans May to October with a brief drier spell in August, but it frequently rains even in the dry season. The surrounding region is predominantly rainforest, tending to swamplands in some areas. The vegetation is rich in timber trees, palm trees, as well as fruit trees.

Climate data for Warri (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37
(99) 		38.5
(101.3) 		37.5
(99.5) 		37.6
(99.7) 		36.2
(97.2) 		35.1
(95.2) 		34.4
(93.9) 		33.7
(92.7) 		34
(93) 		36.4
(97.5) 		36.5
(97.7) 		36.8
(98.2) 		38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 33.3
(91.9) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.1
(93.4) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.7
(90.9) 		30.9
(87.6) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.0
(84.2) 		29.9
(85.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		32.9
(91.2) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.0
(89.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 28.2
(82.8) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.5
(85.1) 		29.0
(84.2) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.2
(79.2) 		26.6
(79.9) 		27.5
(81.5) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.9
(82.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.1
(73.6) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.9
(76.8) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.6
(74.5) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.9
(75.0)
Record low °C (°F) 15
(59) 		16
(61) 		19
(66) 		19
(66) 		19
(66) 		18
(64) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20
(68) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19
(66) 		19
(66) 		17
(63) 		15.0
(59.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 27.2
(1.07) 		59.9
(2.36) 		133.5
(5.26) 		214.3
(8.44) 		275.5
(10.85) 		343.2
(13.51) 		491.4
(19.35) 		330.7
(13.02) 		432.0
(17.01) 		366.8
(14.44) 		120.9
(4.76) 		28.2
(1.11) 		2,823.5
(111.16)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 2.2 3.7 8.9 12.0 15.5 18.4 21.4 18.2 21.1 19.2 8.9 2.7 152.1
Average relative humidity (%) 80.3 83.5 87.5 89.5 90.9 91.4 90.7 89.6 91.2 91.4 88.7 82.4 88.1
Source: NOAA

Economy and infrastructure

There is the Warri Refinery and Petrochemicals located at Ekpan and Ubeji, Warri proportionately with the majority of international and local oil companies operating in Nigeria having their operational offices close by. One of the nation's major seaports is sited within Ugbuwangue, Warri.

Due to conflict in the late 90s, especially in 1999, most oil companies fled the town and nearby regions.

Security

Warri is garrisoned by the Amphibious Infantry battalion (Effurun Army Base) located in the Effurun area.

The Nigerian Navy operates from its facilities in Warri.

The 61 Nigerian Air force Detachment also operates from its facilities in Jeddo, close to Warri.

Sports

Warri has an international stadium with a capacity of 30,000 which is the home of Warri Wolves football club, which has hosted two editions of the African Women Football Championship in 2002 and 2006 respectively and was in contention as one of the venues to be used for the FIFA Under-17 World Cup in Nigeria in 2009. The stadium was used to host the African Youth Athletics Championship (AYAC) in 2013.

Warri Wolves, a professional football team based in Warri plays in the Nigeria National League. Their prominent former players include Best Ogedegbe, Wilson Oruma, Efe Ambrose, Victor Ikpeba and Ekigho Ehiosun.

Manufacturing and raw materials

The economic base of the city lies in the presence of a refinery and other oil and gas companies. Also, there is the steel company, Delta Steel Company, which is located in Ovwian–Aladja area of Udu. The Beta Glass Plant is located nearby, outside the town of Ughelli, where the land is rich in silica and silicates, raw materials required for the manufacture of glass, ceramics and cement. The Transcorp Power Distribution, one of Nigeria's power generating stations, is also located at Ughelli, which is just 15 minutes away by car.

Transport

Rail

In 1991, construction started on a standard gauge railway from the steel mills at Ajaokuta to the port of Warri, about 275 km away. By 2006, the standard gauge lines had reached 329 km in length, the final 27 km Warri section has been completed. In 2010, work recommenced to complete the final section to Warri. The rail line was officially inaugurated in September 2020 with the terminal at Udu.

Road

Major road networks within Warri Metropolis has been improved upon by the state government to improve the image of the city. Transportation within the city is mainly by bus and tricycle. The federal government has completed the Warri-Benin Road road expansion project and major parts of the East-West Road Project which will connect Warri-Uyo.

Air

There are several helipads in oil company yards, like Shell yard Ogunu and in Escavos and Focados. There is a general passenger airport at the Osubi area.

Sea

Movement of goods by sea is through the Nigerian Ports Authority (Delta Ports) at which is mainly for export and import of goods by major companies. Also located on the main Warri riverside are markets and jetties used by local traders, which act as a transit point for local transport and trade. There are local boats that are used for moving from one location to another.

Educational institutions

Primary schools

Primary schools in Warri include:

Secondary schools

Secondary schools include:

Tourism

There are various tourist sites to visit while in Warri:

  • Red Mangrove swamp
  • Falcorp Mangrove Park / Mini Zoo, Ijala, Behind Warri Refinery.
  • Warri Township Stadium
  • Shell club, Ogunu
  • Warri Port, Ugbuwangue, Warri

Notable people

See also

References

  1. "Nigeria: States & Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".
  2. "TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  3. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. "Uvwie · Nigeria". Uvwie · Nigeria. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  5. Okoh, Oghenetoja (July 2016). "WHO CONTROLS WARRI? HOW ETHNICITY BECAME VOLATILE IN THE WESTERN NIGER DELTA (1928–52)*". The Journal of African History. 57 (2): 209–230. doi:10.1017/S0021853716000074. ISSN 0021-8537. S2CID 163543228.
  6. "Warri, Nigeria – International Cities of Peace". 7 April 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  7. Ryder, A. F. C. "MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN THE KINGDOM OF WARRI TO THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY." Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, vol. 2, no. 1, 1960, pp. 1–26. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41970817. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
  8. Lloyd, P. C. "The Itsekiri in the Nineteenth Century; An Outline Social History." The Journal of African History, vol. 4, no. 2, 1963, pp. 207–31. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/179535. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
  9. Jones, G. I. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, vol. 43, no. 1, 1973, pp. 78–80. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1158548. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
  10. Ikeke, Nkem (12 March 2017). "8 cities in Nigeria where people cannot do without speaking Pidgin English". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  11. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Warri". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  12. "Warri Refinery's host communities threaten chaos over sack of back-up staff". 8 December 2015.
  13. "The Economy of Conflict in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria". African and Asian Studies.
  14. "Home page". Nigerian Army | Official Website. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  15. Warri Wolves F.C.
  16. Warri Township Stadium
  17. IV, Editorial (5 January 2022). "NNL: Warri Wolves return from break Monday". Blueprint Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  18. "How Nigerian government, Indians wreck multi-billion dollar Delta Steel Company, rip off host communities and tax payers". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  19. "20 years after collapse, steel company resumes operations". Vanguard (Nigeria). 5 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  20. "hotel and tourism development potentials in delta state". goodie ibru. 2 June 2001. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
  21. "Opening hours: Falcorp Mangrove Park - Warri Zoo and Nature Park". opening-hours.com.ng. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  22. "Warri Township Stadium - Football Stadium". Football-Lineups. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  23. "Shell Ogunu Golf Club | All Square Golf". www.allsquaregolf.com. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  24. Nigeria, Media (11 June 2018). "Biography Of Charity Ogbenyealu Adule". Media Nigeria. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  25. "Wedding Bells: Rapper Erigga Is Getting Married To His Long Time Girlfriend". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  26. "...Fufeyin foresees manipulation of 2019 polls". Vanguard News. 6 January 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  27. The PFA footballers' who's who 2010-11. Barry J. Hugman. Edinburgh: Mainstream. 2010. ISBN 978-1-84596-601-0. OCLC 619938382.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  28. "Check out former CAN president's security detail [VIDEO]". Pulse Nigeria. 16 November 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  29. "Ozoz Sokoh". SMO Contemporary Art.
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