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⚫ {{short description|Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu, South India}}
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⚫ {{short description|Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
'''Gounder''' is a title used by some kshatriya communities in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=] | title=Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties |date=21 May 2009 }}</ref> It may refer to communities such as the ], ],<ref>{{cite book|first=Kumar Suresh|last=Singh|title=People of India|volume=40,part 2|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|date=2001|page=640|isbn=9788185938882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&q=Vokkaliga+Gounder}}:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”</ref> ]s,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-assembly-passes-bill-to-provide-10-5-internal-quota-to-vanniyakula-kshatriya-community/articleshow/81227780.cms|title= Tamil Nadu assembly passes bill for Vanniyar internal quota|language=ta |access-date=26 February 2021 |work=Times of India}}</ref> Vettuvars and ].<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Geoffrey |last=Burkhart |title=Equal in the Eyes of God: A South Indian Devotional Group in its Hierarchical Setting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OREVAAAAIAAJ&q=Gounder |journal=Contributions to Asian Studies |volume=5 |year=1974 |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=9789004039674|page=8|quote=For example, the term 'Gounder' may denote a person of Vettuvar, Vellalar, Vanniyar, or Gollar caste.}}</ref> '''Gounder''' is a title used by various communities in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Gounder-consolidation-could-pose-headache-to-major-parties/articleshow/4557663.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | url-status=live | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=] | title=Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties |date=21 May 2009 }}</ref> It may refer to various communities such as ], ], ], ], ],<ref name="auto1">{{Citation |last1=Haswell |first1=M. R. |title=Dusi (North Arcot District) |date=2013 |work=Econ Dev Village India Ils 59 |pages=32–39 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315888736 |isbn=978-1-315-88873-6}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite book |first=Harold |last=Evans |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/999370982 |title=They made America : From the steam engine to the search engine|date=12 October 2004 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=0-316-27766-5 |oclc=999370982}}</ref> ]s.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Analysis of Y-chromosome Diversity in Lingayat and Vokkaliga Populations of Southern India |publisher=Florida International University |first=Shilpa |last=Chennakrishnaiah |year=2011 |doi=10.25148/etd.fi11072506 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite report |url=https://drbtheni.net/doc_pdf/subcaste.pdf |title=List of subcastes |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>

The title is used to represent ] community people in ] region in ].<ref>{{Citation|title=கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் {{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5BzXoc7yRE|language=en|access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref>

The title represents ]s<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Shish Ram|date=2002|title=Protective Discrimination, Other Backward Classes in India|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Protective_Discrimination/T3PaAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=vanniyakula%20kshathriya%20gounder|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=Raj Publications|page=407|isbn=9788186208236}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=வன்னியர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும்{{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Vanniyar : Aru Annal Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSbfw3gWemk|language=ta|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> in the Northern region of ] in districts of Vellore, Tirupattur, Ranipet, Viluppuram, Kallakurichi, Salem, and Dharmapuri.{{cn|date=February 2022}} In the districts of Namakkal, and the Western ], the communities of ], ] and ] share this title.{{cn|date=February 2022}}


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
There are number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the ] word ''Kaamindan'', meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as ''Kavundan'' or Gounder.<ref name="Madhavan">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|title=Steeped in history|last=Madhvan|first=Karthik|date=2 August 2008|work=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu Group|access-date=22 January 2011|location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050939/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are a number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the ] word ''Kaamindan'', meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as ''Kavundan'' or Gounder.<ref name="Madhavan">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|title=Steeped in history|last=Madhvan|first=Karthik|date=2 August 2008|work=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu Group|access-date=22 January 2011|location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050939/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>


According to ] the Tamil Kavundans or Goundans branched off from the ]s and both might have a common origin from the ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sadasivan|first=S. N|date=2000|title=A social history of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&dq=Kavundans+&pg=PA254|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=APH Pub. Corp|page=254|isbn=9788176481700}}:”In all probability, the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched off from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore.”</ref> According to ], some of these Vellalars branched off from the ]s and both might have a common origin from the ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sadasivan|first=S. N|date=2000|title=A social history of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&dq=Kavundans+&pg=PA254|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=APH Pub. Corp|page=254|isbn=9788176481700|access-date=17 November 2021|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318194726/https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&dq=Kavundans+&pg=PA254|url-status=live|quote="In all probability the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched of from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore."}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
Before 15 the century, they were warriors and territorial kings. In present centuries, Gounders are mostly turned into administrators, chieftains, and polygars. During the ] era, some Gounders migrated to ] rubber plantations as ] to manage the coolies.<ref>{{cite book |first=Raj Sekhar |last=Basu |title=Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NeGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |year=2011 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-81-321-0679-1 |page=137}}</ref> During the ] era, some Gounders migrated to ] rubber plantations as ] to manage the coolies.<ref>{{cite book |first=Raj Sekhar |last=Basu |title=Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NeGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |year=2011 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-81-321-0679-1 |page=137}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
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{{India-ethno-stub}} {{India-ethno-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:58, 18 December 2024

Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu, South India

Gounder is a title used by various communities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It may refer to various communities such as Kongu Vellala Gounder, Vanniyar, Kurumba, Vettuva gounder, Thuluva Vellalar, Urali Gounders, Tamil Vokkaligas.

Etymology

There are a number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the Tamil word Kaamindan, meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as Kavundan or Gounder.

According to S. N. Sadasivan, some of these Vellalars branched off from the Vokkaligas and both might have a common origin from the Kurumba.

History

During the British Raj era, some Gounders migrated to Malayan rubber plantations as Kanganis to manage the coolies.

References

  1. "Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties". The Times of India. 21 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
  2. Haswell, M. R. (2013), "Dusi (North Arcot District)", Econ Dev Village India Ils 59, Routledge, pp. 32–39, doi:10.4324/9781315888736, ISBN 978-1-315-88873-6
  3. Evans, Harold (12 October 2004). They made America : From the steam engine to the search engine. Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-27766-5. OCLC 999370982.
  4. Chennakrishnaiah, Shilpa (2011). Analysis of Y-chromosome Diversity in Lingayat and Vokkaliga Populations of Southern India (Thesis). Florida International University. doi:10.25148/etd.fi11072506.
  5. List of subcastes (PDF) (Report). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  6. Madhvan, Karthik (2 August 2008). "Steeped in history". Frontline. Chennai, India: The Hindu Group. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  7. Sadasivan, S. N (2000). A social history of India. New Delhi, India: APH Pub. Corp. p. 254. ISBN 9788176481700. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2021. In all probability the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched of from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore.
  8. Basu, Raj Sekhar (2011). Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956. SAGE. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-321-0679-1.


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