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{{Short description|1983 film directed by Carroll Ballard}} {{Short description|1983 film by Carroll Ballard}}
{{Infobox film {{Infobox film
| name = Never Cry Wolf | name = Never Cry Wolf
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| music = ] | music = ]
| cinematography = ] | cinematography = ]
| editing = <br />Peter Parasheles | editing = Michael Chandler<br />Peter Parasheles
| studio = ]<br>Amarok Productions Ltd. | studio = ]<br>Amarok Productions Ltd.
| distributor = ] | distributor = ]
| released = October 7, 1983 (limited)<br>January 27, 1984 (release) | released = {{Film date|1983|10|07|limited|1984|01|27|release}}
| runtime = 105 minutes | runtime = 105 minutes
| country = United States | country = United States
Line 24: Line 24:
| gross = $27.6 million | gross = $27.6 million
}} }}
'''''Never Cry Wolf''''' is a 1983 American ] directed by ]. The film is an adaptation of ]'s 1963 ] and stars ] as a government ] sent into the wilderness to study the ] population, whose decline is believed to be caused by wolves, even though no one has seen a ] kill a caribou. The film also features ] and Zachary Ittimangnaq. It was the first Disney film to be released under the new ] label. The film was released on October 7, 1983, for a limited distribution, and in the regular theaters on January 27, 1984. '''''Never Cry Wolf''''' is a 1983 American ] directed by ]. The film is an adaptation of ]'s 1963 "subjective non-fiction" ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Farley Mowat, acclaimed Canadian author, dead at 92|author=Rinehart, Dianne|date=May 7, 2014|work=]|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2014/05/07/farley_mowat_acclaimed_canadian_author_dead_at_92.html}}</ref> The film stars ] as a government ] sent into the wilderness to study the ] population, whose decline is believed to be caused by wolves, even though no one has seen a ] kill a caribou. The film also features ] and Zachary Ittimangnaq.


Produced by ], ''Never Cry Wolf'' was the first Disney film to be released by the studio under its new name. The film was released on October 7, 1983, for a limited distribution, and in the regular theaters on January 27, 1984.
The film is also notable for being the first Walt Disney Pictures film to feature brief full-frontal male nudity, as well as scenes with bare buttocks.

The narration for the film was written by Charles Martin Smith, Eugene Corr and Christina Luescher.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}


== Plot == == Plot ==
The young, naïve Canadian biologist Tyler is assigned by the government to travel to the isolated ] wilderness and study why the area's ] population is declining, believed to be due to ] attacks; amongst his orders to study them, he is also given a gun and required to kill one wolf and examine its stomach contents. Tyler receives a baptism of fire into bush life with a trip by ] piloted by "Rosie" Little. After landing at the destination, Rosie leaves Tyler in the middle of a sub-zero frozen Arctic lake. Tyler is at a loss of what to do about his situation until he is rescued by a traveling ] named Ootek, who transports him and his gear off the ice and builds a shelter for him. Tyler, a young and naïve Canadian biologist, is assigned by the government to travel to the isolated ] wilderness and study why the area's ] population is declining. He has instructions to kill a ] and examine its stomach contents for caribou tissue. Tyler hires pilot Rosie Little to take him to the Arctic in his ]. After landing at the destination, Rosie leaves Tyler in the middle of a frozen lake. A passing ] named Ootek shelters him as he orients himself to his new surroundings.

⚫ Alone, Tyler divides his days between research and survival, while nights are fraught with nightmares of wolf attacks upon him. He soon encounters two wolves—which he names George and Angeline, who have pups, and discovers they seem as curious of him as he is of them. He and the wolves begin social exchanges, even ], producing trust and respect between them. Noticing that they have not eaten any caribou and only mice, he begins a side experiment of eating only mice for protein sustenance.


⚫ Alone, Tyler divides his days between research and survival. He soon encounters two wolves that he names George and Angeline, who have pups, and seem as curious of him as he is of them. He and the wolves begin social exchanges, including the marking of ], producing trust and respect between them. Noticing that they have not eaten any caribou and only mice, he begins a side experiment of eating only mice for protein sustenance.
⚫ Another Inuit named Mike encounters Tyler, sent by Ootek for companionship. Mike knows English and Inuit, translating between Ootek and Tyler. Ootek, the elder, is content and curious about Tyler, while the younger Mike seems not only more reserved but unhappy with the Inuit way of life, confessing to Tyler his social apprehensions, this is mainly due to the fact that Mike is missing nearly all his teeth as well as telling Tyler about the time he met a girl and how she was comfortable with him until he smiled. Tyler discovers that Mike is a wolf hunter, killing for pelts to sell to make a living. Tyler demonstrates a trick he has learned: by playing certain notes on his bassoon, he can imitate a wolf howl, calling other wolves in.


⚫ Another Inuk named Mike encounters Tyler. He tells Tyler that he is self-conscious about missing most of his teeth. Tyler discovers that Mike is a wolf hunter, killing for pelts to sell to make a living. Tyler demonstrates a trick he has learned: by playing certain notes on his bassoon, he can imitate a wolf howl, calling other wolves in.
⚫ Autumn nears, and Tyler hears that the caribou are migrating south, which will provide an opportunity for him to study the concept his superiors want to confirm. Ootek takes Tyler on a three-day hike to where the caribou will be. The caribou show up as predicted and Tyler observes the wolves make several unsuccessful attacks. Tyler helps drive caribou towards the ], which soon takes one down. Tyler takes a bone and samples the marrow, discovering the dead caribou to be diseased. It confirms that the wolves are not ruthless killers but rather their predation kills off only the weaker caribou.


⚫ Autumn nears, and Tyler hears that the caribou are migrating south. Ootek takes him on a three-day hike to where the caribou will be, and Tyler observes the wolves make several unsuccessful attacks. He helps drive caribou towards the ], which takes one down. Tyler takes a bone and samples the marrow, discovering the dead caribou to be diseased. This confirms that the wolves kill only the weaker caribou.
One day, Tyler encounters Rosie with two hunter-guests, making plans to exploit the area's resources. Rosie insists on flying out Tyler, who refuses. Rosie then offers to extract Tyler from his research campsite in three days, the time it will take Tyler to hike back.


One day Tyler encounters Rosie and two investors, who have bought the lakefront and mountain slope to develop a hotel. Rosie tells him that he is behaving irrationally and offers to fly him out. Tyler refuses, but Rosie promises to visit him in a few days at the camp in case he changes his mind.
Tyler returns to the base to find things very still. He ventures into the wolves' territory and goes into their den, only to find the pups cowering in fear and the two wolves nowhere in sight. Rosie's aircraft approaches outside. Believing that Rosie killed George and Angeline, Tyler shouts at Rosie to leave, then shoots at Rosie's plane, which makes him fly away.


Tyler goes back to his camp to find Mike, whose nervous demeanor causes Tyler to suspect that it was Mike, not Rosie, who killed the two wolves. Mike confirms Tyler's suspicions by smiling with a full set of new dentures and leaves, hiking for home. Tyler returns to the camp to find things very still. He ventures into the wolves' territory to find the pups cowering in fear and the two adults gone. Rosie's aircraft approaches outside. Believing that Rosie killed George and Angeline, Tyler shouts at him to leave and fires his rifle to scare him away.


Returning to his camp again, Tyler finds Mike in the hut. When Tyler asks about the wolves, Mike admonishes him to focus on his own survival and hints that he knows about Rosie's plans. He flashes new dentures and leaves.
⚫ Some time later, as the first snow begins to fall, Tyler plays the wolf call on his bassoon, bringing in other wolves from George and Angeline's pack. He reflects on his time in the wilderness and how he may have helped bring the modern world to this place. The narration implies that Tyler will return to civilization and recover from his experiences here. Ootek has returned, and in the final scene he and Tyler break camp and trek across the fall ] to the south, enjoying each other's company, along with the words of an Inuit song that Tyler translates:


⚫ Some time later, as the first snow begins to fall, Tyler plays the wolf call on his bassoon, bringing in other wolves from George and Angeline's pack. He reflects on his time in the wilderness and how he may have helped bring the modern world to this place. Ootek returns, and he and Tyler break camp and trek across the fall ] to the south, enjoying each other's company.
{{blockquote|<poem>I think over again my small adventures, my fears.
Those small ones that seemed so big.
For all the vital things I had to get and to reach.
And yet there is only one great thing, the only thing:
To live to see the great day that dawns
and the light that fills the world.</poem>}}


== Cast == == Cast ==
* ] as Tyler, a biologist without any survival skills, yet bold enough to study wolves in their environment. * ] as Tyler, a biologist without any survival skills, yet bold enough to study wolves in their environment.
* ] as Rosie Little, a carefree bush pilot who exploits the region for money. * ] as Rosie Little, a carefree bush pilot who exploits the region for money.
* Zachary Ittimangnaq as Ootek, an Inuit who helps Tyler survive the wilderness. * Zachary Ittimangnaq as Ootek, an Inuk who helps Tyler survive the wilderness.
* Samson Jorah as Mike, Ootek's adoptive son, caught between his Inuit ways and the modern world. * Samson Jorah as Mike, Ootek's adoptive son, caught between his Inuit ways and the modern world.
* Martha Ittimangnaq as Woman, Ootek's wife. * Martha Ittimangnaq as Woman, Ootek's wife.
Line 65: Line 56:


== {{anchor|Background}} Production == == {{anchor|Background}} Production ==
The fundamental premise in ''Never Cry Wolf'' is that life in the Arctic seems to be about dying: not only are the caribou and the wolves dying, but the ] ] and their way of life as well. The animals are losing their ] and the Inuit are losing their land and their ] while their youth are being seduced by—and pressured into—]. They are trading what is real and true, dicing away their time-honoured traditions for the perceived comforts and securities of the ].

''Never Cry Wolf'' blends the documentary film style with the narrative elements of drama, resulting in a type of ]. ''Never Cry Wolf'' blends the documentary film style with the narrative elements of drama, resulting in a type of ].
{{Anchor|Writing}} {{Anchor|Writing}}
Line 72: Line 61:


{{Anchor|Development}} {{Anchor|Development}}
Smith, who had previously worked with Disney on films such as '']'' and '']'', devoted almost three years to ''Never Cry Wolf.'' Smith wrote, "I was much more closely involved in that picture than I had been in any other film. Not only acting, but writing and the whole creative process." He also found the process difficult. "During much of the two-year shooting schedule in Canada's ] and in ], I was the only actor present. It was the loneliest film I've ever worked on," Smith said.<ref> ''Official John Carpenter web site'', April 22, 2001.</ref> The actor Charles Martin Smith, who had previously worked with Disney on films such as '']'' and '']'', devoted almost three years to ''Never Cry Wolf.'' Smith wrote, "I was much more closely involved in that picture than I had been in any other film. Not only acting, but writing and the whole creative process." He also found the process difficult. "During much of the two-year shooting schedule in Canada's ] and in ], I was the only actor present. It was the loneliest film I've ever worked on," Smith said.<ref> ''Official John Carpenter web site'', April 22, 2001.</ref>

{{Anchor|Criticism}}


=== Filming locations {{anchor|Locations}} === === Filming locations {{anchor|Locations}} ===
The film locations for ''Never Cry Wolf'' included ], the ], and ], ].<ref> ''IMDb''. Retrieved: November 4, 2014..</ref> The film locations for ''Never Cry Wolf'' included ], the ], and ], ].<ref> ''IMDb''. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.</ref>


== Reception == == Reception ==
=== Critical response {{anchor|Critics}} === === Critical response {{anchor|Critics}} ===
When ''Never Cry Wolf'' was released, a review in the '']'' called the film, "... subtle, complex and hypnotic ... triumphant filmmaking!"<ref>"Review: Never Cry Wolf." ''Los Angeles Times'', Calendar Section, October 7, 1983.</ref> When ''Never Cry Wolf'' was released, a review in the '']'' called the film "... subtle, complex and hypnotic ... triumphant filmmaking!"<ref>"Review: Never Cry Wolf." ''Los Angeles Times'', Calendar Section, October 7, 1983.</ref>

Brendon Hanley of '']'' also liked the film, especially Smith's performance, and wrote, "Wolf's protagonist wonderfully played by the reliable character actor Charles Martin Smith... The result is a quirky, deceptively simple meditation on life."<ref>Hanley, Brendon. '']''. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.</ref>


Ronald Holloway, film critic of '']'' magazine, gave the film a mostly positive review, and wrote "For the masses out there who love nature films, and even those who don't, Carroll Ballard's more than fits the commercial bill and should score well too with critical suds<sic> on several counts."<ref>Holloway, Ronald. '']'', September 1, 1983.</ref> Ronald Holloway, film critic of '']'' magazine, gave the film a mostly admiring review, and wrote, "For the masses out there who love nature films, and even those who don't, Carroll Ballard's more than fits the commercial bill and should score well too with critical suds<sic> on several counts."<ref>Holloway, Ronald. '']'', September 1, 1983.</ref>


Some critics found the premise of ''Never Cry Wolf'' a bit hard to believe. ], film critic for '']'', wrote, "I find it difficult to accept the fact that the ], just after an airplane has left him in the middle of an icy wilderness, in a snowstorm, would promptly get out his typewriter and, wearing woolen gloves, attempt to type up his initial reactions.<ref>Canby, Vincent. ''The New York Times,'' October 14, 1983.</ref> Canby added, the film was "a perfectly decent if unexceptional ] of Farley Mowat's best-selling book about the author's life among ] ]." ], film critic for '']'', wrote, "I find it difficult to accept the fact that the ], just after an airplane has left him in the middle of an icy wilderness, in a snowstorm, would promptly get out his typewriter and, wearing woolen gloves, attempt to type up his initial reactions.<ref>Canby, Vincent. ''The New York Times,'' October 14, 1983.</ref> He called the film "a perfectly decent if unexceptional ] of Farley Mowat's best-selling book about the author's life among ] ]."


The review aggregation website ] gives the film a score of 100% based on reviews from eighteen critics, with an average rating of 7.7 out of 10.<ref> '']''. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.</ref> In his retrospective review of the film, Brendon Hanley of '']'' praised ''Never Cry Wolf'' and Smith's performance, writing, "''Wolf's'' protagonist wonderfully played by the reliable character actor Charles Martin Smith... The result is a quirky, deceptively simple meditation on life."<ref>Hanley, Brendon. '']''. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.</ref> The review aggregation website ] gives the film a score of 100% based on reviews from eighteen critics, with an average rating of 7.7 out of 10.<ref> '']''. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.</ref>


=== Awards === === Awards ===
Line 112: Line 97:
The film adds a more spiritual element to the story while the book was a straightforward story. The film also isolates the characters while in the book, Mowat meets several people from different areas of the Arctic. Also in the book, the wolves are not killed and neither did the bush pilot bring in investors to build a resort.<ref>Mowat 2001, p. 13.</ref> The film adds a more spiritual element to the story while the book was a straightforward story. The film also isolates the characters while in the book, Mowat meets several people from different areas of the Arctic. Also in the book, the wolves are not killed and neither did the bush pilot bring in investors to build a resort.<ref>Mowat 2001, p. 13.</ref>


== References == == Notes ==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=N}} {{Reflist|group=N}}


=== Citations === == References ==
{{Reflist|30em}} {{Reflist}}


=== Bibliography === === Bibliography ===
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* {{AFI film|id=58024|title=Never Cry Wolf}} * {{AFI film|id=58024|title=Never Cry Wolf}}
* {{IMDb title|0086005|Never Cry Wolf}} * {{IMDb title|0086005|Never Cry Wolf}}
* {{tcmdb title|84698|Never Cry Wolf}} * {{TCMDb title|84698|Never Cry Wolf}}
* {{Allmovie title|34812|Never Cry Wolf}}
* {{Mojo title|nevercrywolf|Never Cry Wolf}} * {{Mojo title|nevercrywolf|Never Cry Wolf}}
* selected scenes from film at YouTube * selected scenes from film at YouTube
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] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
⚫ ]
]
]
] ]
] ]
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] ]
] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 03:02, 22 December 2024

1983 film by Carroll Ballard
Never Cry Wolf
Theatrical release poster
Directed byCarroll Ballard
Screenplay byCurtis Hanson
Sam Hamm
Richard Kletter
Based onNever Cry Wolf
by Farley Mowat
Produced byLewis Allen
Jack Couffer
Joseph Strick
Starring
CinematographyHiro Narita
Edited byMichael Chandler
Peter Parasheles
Music byMark Isham
Production
companies		Walt Disney Pictures
Amarok Productions Ltd.
Distributed byBuena Vista Distribution Co.
Release dates
  • October 7, 1983 (1983-10-07) (limited)
  • January 27, 1984 (1984-01-27) (release)
Running time105 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguagesEnglish
Inuktitut
Budget$11 million
Box office$27.6 million

Never Cry Wolf is a 1983 American drama film directed by Carroll Ballard. The film is an adaptation of Farley Mowat's 1963 "subjective non-fiction" book. The film stars Charles Martin Smith as a government biologist sent into the wilderness to study the caribou population, whose decline is believed to be caused by wolves, even though no one has seen a wolf kill a caribou. The film also features Brian Dennehy and Zachary Ittimangnaq.

Produced by Walt Disney Pictures, Never Cry Wolf was the first Disney film to be released by the studio under its new name. The film was released on October 7, 1983, for a limited distribution, and in the regular theaters on January 27, 1984.

Plot

Tyler, a young and naïve Canadian biologist, is assigned by the government to travel to the isolated Canadian Arctic wilderness and study why the area's caribou population is declining. He has instructions to kill a wolf and examine its stomach contents for caribou tissue. Tyler hires pilot Rosie Little to take him to the Arctic in his bush plane. After landing at the destination, Rosie leaves Tyler in the middle of a frozen lake. A passing Inuk named Ootek shelters him as he orients himself to his new surroundings.

Alone, Tyler divides his days between research and survival. He soon encounters two wolves that he names George and Angeline, who have pups, and seem as curious of him as he is of them. He and the wolves begin social exchanges, including the marking of territory, producing trust and respect between them. Noticing that they have not eaten any caribou and only mice, he begins a side experiment of eating only mice for protein sustenance.

Another Inuk named Mike encounters Tyler. He tells Tyler that he is self-conscious about missing most of his teeth. Tyler discovers that Mike is a wolf hunter, killing for pelts to sell to make a living. Tyler demonstrates a trick he has learned: by playing certain notes on his bassoon, he can imitate a wolf howl, calling other wolves in.

Autumn nears, and Tyler hears that the caribou are migrating south. Ootek takes him on a three-day hike to where the caribou will be, and Tyler observes the wolves make several unsuccessful attacks. He helps drive caribou towards the pack, which takes one down. Tyler takes a bone and samples the marrow, discovering the dead caribou to be diseased. This confirms that the wolves kill only the weaker caribou.

One day Tyler encounters Rosie and two investors, who have bought the lakefront and mountain slope to develop a hotel. Rosie tells him that he is behaving irrationally and offers to fly him out. Tyler refuses, but Rosie promises to visit him in a few days at the camp in case he changes his mind.

Tyler returns to the camp to find things very still. He ventures into the wolves' territory to find the pups cowering in fear and the two adults gone. Rosie's aircraft approaches outside. Believing that Rosie killed George and Angeline, Tyler shouts at him to leave and fires his rifle to scare him away.

Returning to his camp again, Tyler finds Mike in the hut. When Tyler asks about the wolves, Mike admonishes him to focus on his own survival and hints that he knows about Rosie's plans. He flashes new dentures and leaves.

Some time later, as the first snow begins to fall, Tyler plays the wolf call on his bassoon, bringing in other wolves from George and Angeline's pack. He reflects on his time in the wilderness and how he may have helped bring the modern world to this place. Ootek returns, and he and Tyler break camp and trek across the fall tundra to the south, enjoying each other's company.

Cast

  • Charles Martin Smith as Tyler, a biologist without any survival skills, yet bold enough to study wolves in their environment.
  • Brian Dennehy as Rosie Little, a carefree bush pilot who exploits the region for money.
  • Zachary Ittimangnaq as Ootek, an Inuk who helps Tyler survive the wilderness.
  • Samson Jorah as Mike, Ootek's adoptive son, caught between his Inuit ways and the modern world.
  • Martha Ittimangnaq as Woman, Ootek's wife.
  • Hugh Webster as Drunk
  • Tom Dahlgren as Hunter #1
  • Walker Stuart as Hunter #2

Production

Never Cry Wolf blends the documentary film style with the narrative elements of drama, resulting in a type of docudrama. It was originally written for the screen by Sam Hamm but the screenplay was altered over time and Hamm ended up sharing credit with Curtis Hanson and Richard Kletter.

The actor Charles Martin Smith, who had previously worked with Disney on films such as No Deposit, No Return and Herbie Goes Bananas, devoted almost three years to Never Cry Wolf. Smith wrote, "I was much more closely involved in that picture than I had been in any other film. Not only acting, but writing and the whole creative process." He also found the process difficult. "During much of the two-year shooting schedule in Canada's Yukon and in Nome, Alaska, I was the only actor present. It was the loneliest film I've ever worked on," Smith said.

Filming locations

The film locations for Never Cry Wolf included Nome, Alaska, the Yukon Territory, and Atlin, British Columbia, Canada.

Reception

Critical response

When Never Cry Wolf was released, a review in the Los Angeles Times called the film "... subtle, complex and hypnotic ... triumphant filmmaking!"

Ronald Holloway, film critic of Variety magazine, gave the film a mostly admiring review, and wrote, "For the masses out there who love nature films, and even those who don't, Carroll Ballard's more than fits the commercial bill and should score well too with critical suds<sic> on several counts."

Vincent Canby, film critic for The New York Times, wrote, "I find it difficult to accept the fact that the biologist, just after an airplane has left him in the middle of an icy wilderness, in a snowstorm, would promptly get out his typewriter and, wearing woolen gloves, attempt to type up his initial reactions. He called the film "a perfectly decent if unexceptional screen adaptation of Farley Mowat's best-selling book about the author's life among Arctic wolves."

In his retrospective review of the film, Brendon Hanley of Allmovie praised Never Cry Wolf and Smith's performance, writing, "Wolf's protagonist wonderfully played by the reliable character actor Charles Martin Smith... The result is a quirky, deceptively simple meditation on life." The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 100% based on reviews from eighteen critics, with an average rating of 7.7 out of 10.

Awards

Wins

Nominations

Box office

The film opened in limited release October 7, 1983 and went into wide circulation January 20, 1984.

The film was in theatres for 192 days (27 weeks) and the total US gross sales were $27,668,764. In its widest release, the film appeared in 540 theatres.

Comparisons to book

There are several differences in the film when compared to Mowat's book. In the book, Ootek and Mike's roles are reversed, Mike is actually Ootek's older brother (Ootek is a teenager) and Ootek, although speaking mostly in Inuktitut, communicates openly with Mowat while Mike is more reserved.

The film adds a more spiritual element to the story while the book was a straightforward story. The film also isolates the characters while in the book, Mowat meets several people from different areas of the Arctic. Also in the book, the wolves are not killed and neither did the bush pilot bring in investors to build a resort.

Notes

  1. Never Cry Wolf is the first Walt Disney Pictures film to show naked adult buttocks (of actor Charles Martin Smith).

References

  1. Rinehart, Dianne (May 7, 2014). "Farley Mowat, acclaimed Canadian author, dead at 92". Toronto Star.
  2. ^ "Sam Hamm." NNDB/Soylent Communications. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.
  3. "Charles Martin Smith interview." Official John Carpenter web site, April 22, 2001.
  4. "Filming locations: Never Cry Wolf (1983)." IMDb. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.
  5. "Review: Never Cry Wolf." Los Angeles Times, Calendar Section, October 7, 1983.
  6. Holloway, Ronald. "Review: Never Cry Wolf." Variety, September 1, 1983.
  7. Canby, Vincent. Review: Never Cry Wolf."The New York Times, October 14, 1983.
  8. Hanley, Brendon. "Review: Never Cry Wolf." Allmovie. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.
  9. "Never Cry Wolf ." Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.
  10. "BSFC past winners." Boston Society of Film Critics. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.
  11. "The 56th Academy Awards (1984): Nominees and Winners." oscars.org. Retrieved: November 4, 2014.
  12. "Never Cry Wolf (1983); Arctic tale." The Numbers (Nash Information Services). Retrieved: November 4, 2014.
  13. Mowat 2001, p. 13.

Bibliography

  • Mowat, Farley. Never Cry Wolf: Amazing True Story of Life Among Arctic Wolves. New York: Back Bay Books, 2001. ISBN 978-0-31688-179-1.
  • Shedd, Warner. Owls Aren't Wise and Bats Aren't Blind: A Naturalist Debunks Our Favorite Fallacies About Wildlife. New York: Broadway Books, 2001, first edition 2000. ISBN 978-0-60980-797-2.

External links

Films directed by Carroll Ballard
Curtis Hanson
Films directed
Films written
Categories: