Misplaced Pages

Al-Bayan (radio station): Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 21:59, 7 November 2022 editPanam2014 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users16,357 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit Latest revision as of 13:51, 25 October 2024 edit undo2a01:b747:94c:314:6cec:7c11:3e3f:3f40 (talk)No edit summaryTag: Visual edit 
(23 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox radio station {{Infobox radio station
| logo = Al-bayan logo.jpg | logo = AlBayan logo.svg
| format = ], ], ], ] ] | format = ], ], ], ] ]
| class = | class =
Line 24: Line 24:
}} }}
] ]
'''Al-Bayan''' ({{lang-ar| البيان}}) is the ]'s official ],<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|title=A News Agency With Scoops Directly From ISIS, and a Veneer of Objectivity|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/world/middleeast/a-news-agency-with-scoops-directly-from-isis-and-a-veneer-of-objectivity.html|work=The New York Times|date=14 January 2016|access-date=6 August 2016}}</ref> based in ], owned and operated by the Islamic State, which broadcast at 92.5 on the ] dial. The station aired a ] format and broadcasts in the ], ], ], ], and ]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic State launches English-language radio news bulletins|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11519977/Islamic-State-launches-English-language-radio-news-bulletins.html|access-date=7 April 2015|work=]|date=5 June 2015}}</ref> '''Al-Bayan''' ({{langx|ar| البيان}}) was the ]'s official ],<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|title=A News Agency With Scoops Directly From ISIS, and a Veneer of Objectivity|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/world/middleeast/a-news-agency-with-scoops-directly-from-isis-and-a-veneer-of-objectivity.html|work=The New York Times|date=14 January 2016|access-date=6 August 2016}}</ref> based in ], owned and operated by the Islamic State, which broadcast at 92.5 on the ] dial. The station aired a ] format and broadcasts in the ], ], ], ], and ]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic State launches English-language radio news bulletins|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11519977/Islamic-State-launches-English-language-radio-news-bulletins.html|access-date=7 April 2015|work=]|date=5 June 2015}}</ref>


Originating from ], al-Bayan programs were credited with being "highly professional and slickly produced" and were sometimes compared to ] and the ] for tone and quality.<ref name="wapo" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hinhant|first1=Lori|title=The ISIS Station Targeting Foreign Recruits Sounds Like NPR|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-isis-radio-station-targeting-european-recruits-sounds-like-npr-2015-6|access-date=5 June 2015|work=]|date=1 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Thanks for listening to ISIS radio in English|url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-04-22/thanks-listening-isis-radio-english|access-date=5 June 2015|work=]|date=22 April 2015}}</ref> Al-Bayan's reporting on ISIS military operations had been referenced by the ] and '']''''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Brian|title=Islamic State claims responsibility for Texas attack outside Muhammad cartoon show|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/05/05/report-islamic-state-claims-credit-for-texas-attack/|access-date=6 June 2015|newspaper=]|issue=5 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Maamoun|first1=Youssef|title=Islamic State Group Radio Claims Saudi Arabia Mosque Suicide Attack|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/23/islamic-state-saudi-arabia_n_7428888.html|access-date=6 June 2015|work=]|date=23 May 2015}}</ref> The station stopped broadcasts after ISIS lost most of its bases in Iraq and Syria. Originating from ], al-Bayan programs were credited with being "highly professional and slickly produced" and were sometimes compared to ] and the ] for tone and quality.<ref name="wapo" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hinhant|first1=Lori|title=The ISIS Station Targeting Foreign Recruits Sounds Like NPR|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-isis-radio-station-targeting-european-recruits-sounds-like-npr-2015-6|access-date=5 June 2015|work=]|date=1 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Thanks for listening to ISIS radio in English|url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-04-22/thanks-listening-isis-radio-english|access-date=5 June 2015|work=]|date=22 April 2015}}</ref> Al-Bayan's reporting on ISIS military operations had been referenced by the ] and '']''''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Brian|title=Islamic State claims responsibility for Texas attack outside Muhammad cartoon show|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/05/05/report-islamic-state-claims-credit-for-texas-attack/|access-date=6 June 2015|newspaper=]|issue=5 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Maamoun|first1=Youssef|title=Islamic State Group Radio Claims Saudi Arabia Mosque Suicide Attack|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/23/islamic-state-saudi-arabia_n_7428888.html|access-date=6 June 2015|work=]|date=23 May 2015}}</ref> The station stopped broadcasts after ISIS lost most of its bases in Iraq and Syria and after being destroyed the radio station by an ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/air-raid-silences-radio-station-iraqs-mosul |title=Air raid silences IS radio station in Iraq's Mosul |date=28 February 2017 |access-date=5 January 2024 |newspaper=]}}</ref>


Broacasts by IS resumed later from Sirte, Libya under the station name "Radio Al-Tawheed". Broadcasts by IS resumed later from Sirte, Libya under the station name "Radio Al-Tawheed".


==Beginnings== ==Beginnings==
The first broadcast of Al-Bayan Radio was launched in late 2014, which initially provided newscasts, then some other programs were added in April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Withnall|first1=Adam|title=Isis to launch first 24-hour online TV channel featuring British hostage John Cantlie and flagship show 'Time to Recruit'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-to-launch-first-24hour-online-tv-channel-featuring-british-hostage-john-cantlie-and-flagship-show-time-to-recruit-9986254.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118175537/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-to-launch-first-24hour-online-tv-channel-featuring-british-hostage-john-cantlie-and-flagship-show-time-to-recruit-9986254.html |archive-date=2015-01-18 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2015|work=The Independent|date=18 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ISIS launch English-language radio bulletins|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/04/07/ISIS-launch-English-language-radio-bulletins.html|access-date=5 June 2015|work=]|date=7 April 2015}}</ref> The station offered a wide range of programming including ], ] recitations, speeches, ], language instruction, and interview shows, interspersed with regular news bulletins and field reports from al-Bayan correspondents in Iraq and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Interview with Charlie Winter|work=BBC Radio 4|date=12 May 2015}}</ref> English-language news bulletins were delivered by an American-accented, male newsreader and ]s are read in the ].<ref name="wapo">{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Swati|title=Islamic State has an English-language radio broadcast that sounds eerily like NPR|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/06/04/islamic-state-has-a-daily-english-language-radio-broadcast-that-sounds-eerily-like-it-could-be-on-npr/|access-date=5 June 2015|newspaper=]|date=4 June 2015}}</ref> The first broadcast of Al-Bayan Radio was launched in late 2014, which initially provided newscasts, then some other programs were added in April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Withnall|first1=Adam|title=Isis to launch first 24-hour online TV channel featuring British hostage John Cantlie and flagship show 'Time to Recruit'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-to-launch-first-24hour-online-tv-channel-featuring-british-hostage-john-cantlie-and-flagship-show-time-to-recruit-9986254.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118175537/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-to-launch-first-24hour-online-tv-channel-featuring-british-hostage-john-cantlie-and-flagship-show-time-to-recruit-9986254.html |archive-date=2015-01-18 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2015|work=The Independent|date=18 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ISIS launch English-language radio bulletins|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/04/07/ISIS-launch-English-language-radio-bulletins.html|access-date=5 June 2015|work=]|date=7 April 2015}}</ref> The station offered a wide range of programming including ], ] recitations, speeches, ], language instruction, and interview shows, interspersed with regular news bulletins and field reports from al-Bayan correspondents in Iraq and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Interview with Charlie Winter|work=BBC Radio 4|date=12 May 2015}}</ref> English-language news bulletins were delivered by an American-accented, male newsreader and ]s are read in the ].<ref name="wapo">{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Swati|title=Islamic State has an English-language radio broadcast that sounds eerily like NPR|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/06/04/islamic-state-has-a-daily-english-language-radio-broadcast-that-sounds-eerily-like-it-could-be-on-npr/|access-date=5 June 2015|newspaper=]|date=4 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Android application ===
In early 2016, Al-Bayan released an ], they uploaded the ] on the ] and ] since the app could not be downloaded on the ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tasch |first=Barbara |title=ISIS has reportedly released its first Android app |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-releases-android-app-broadcast-al-bayan-radio-2016-2 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=] |language=en-US}}</ref> They spread the app through social media like ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiloach |first=Gilad |date=2016-02-01 |title=ISIS Launches First Official Android App to Broadcast Terror |url=https://www.vocativ.com/news/278106/isis-launches-first-official-android-app-to-broadcast-terror/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625052056/https://www.vocativ.com/news/278106/isis-launches-first-official-android-app-to-broadcast-terror/ |archive-date=2022-06-25 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=]}}</ref>


==Frequencies== ==Frequencies==
Known frequencies (October 2016) were: Known frequencies (October 2016) were:


*Iraq: Mosul 92.5/99.3 FM; *Iraq: Mosul 92.5/99.3 FM;
*Syria: ] 99.9 FM;<ref>{{cite web |title=Al Bayan Frequencies in Syria |url=http://fmscan.org/net.php?r=f&m=s&itu=SYR&pxf=Radio+Al+Bayan |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20180529203236/http://fmscan.org/net.php?r=f&m=s&itu=SYR&pxf=Radio+Al+Bayan |archive-date=29 May 2018 |work=fmscan.org |access-date=30 October 2022}}</ref> *Syria: ] 99.9 FM<ref name="syriafreq">{{cite web |title=Al Bayan Frequencies in Syria |url=http://fmscan.org/net.php?r=f&m=s&itu=SYR&pxf=Radio+Al+Bayan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203236/http://fmscan.org/net.php?r=f&m=s&itu=SYR&pxf=Radio+Al+Bayan |archive-date=29 May 2018 |work=fmscan.org |access-date=30 October 2022}}</ref>
*Libya: ] 94.3 FM (irregular)<ref name="libyafreq"/>
*Libya: ] 95.5 FM (irregular)<ref name="libyafreq">{{cite web |title=Al Bayan Frequencies in Libya |url=http://fmscan.org/net.php?r=f&m=s&itu=LBY&pxf=Radio+Al+Bayan |access-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203215/http://fmscan.org/net.php?r=f&m=s&itu=LBY&pxf=Radio+Al+Bayan |archive-date=29 May 2018 |work=fmscan.org}}</ref>


The station in Mosul was reported to have gone off-air after an air strike on it in late February 2017 as part of the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Air raid silences IS radio station in Iraq's Mosul |url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/2/28/air-raid-silences-is-radio-station-in-iraqs-mosul |date=28 February 2017 |access-date=30 October 2022 |work=]}}</ref> Iraqi forces discovered the station in March 2017 in an upscale western Mosul neighborhood they captured. ISIS had burnt it down before fleeing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iraqi troops stumble on Daesh media tentacle in Mosul |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/iraq/iraqi-troops-stumble-on-daesh-media-tentacle-in-mosul-1.1987569 |author=Agence-France Presse |author-link=Agence-France Presse |work=] |date=3 March 2017 |access-date=30 October 2022}}</ref> The station in Mosul was reported to have gone off-air after an air strike on it in late February 2017 as part of the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Air raid silences IS radio station in Iraq's Mosul |url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/2/28/air-raid-silences-is-radio-station-in-iraqs-mosul |date=28 February 2017 |access-date=30 October 2022 |work=]}}</ref> Iraqi forces discovered the station in March 2017 in an upscale western Mosul neighborhood they captured. ISIS had burnt it down before fleeing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iraqi troops stumble on Daesh media tentacle in Mosul |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/iraq/iraqi-troops-stumble-on-daesh-media-tentacle-in-mosul-1.1987569 |author=Agence-France Presse |author-link=Agence-France Presse |work=] |date=3 March 2017 |access-date=30 October 2022}}</ref>
Line 44: Line 49:
In February 2015, IS captured a radio station called "Makmadas" in ]. It was nominally run by ], which made it unclear whether that station was under IS management.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosendz |first=Polly |date=13 February 2015 |title=ISIS Takes Over Radio Station in Libya, Reports Say |work=] |url=http://www.newsweek.com/isis-takes-over-radio-station-libya-reports-say-306671 |access-date=5 June 2015}}</ref> An IS-owned satellite television station and a powerful radio station on 94.3 FM, also based out of Sirte and operating under the brand name "Al-Tawheed," began broadcasting the previous October 2014. Radio Al-Tawheed (former ] transmitter) have 10 kilowatts output power and is received in Europe via ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Vella |first=Matthew |date=15 October 2014 |title=Islamic State to launch Sat-TV station in Libya – Herald |newspaper=] |url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/world/44987/islamic_state_to_launch_sattv_station_in_libya__herald#.VXO2-0Y3m8A |access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> In February 2015, IS captured a radio station called "Makmadas" in ]. It was nominally run by ], which made it unclear whether that station was under IS management.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosendz |first=Polly |date=13 February 2015 |title=ISIS Takes Over Radio Station in Libya, Reports Say |work=] |url=http://www.newsweek.com/isis-takes-over-radio-station-libya-reports-say-306671 |access-date=5 June 2015}}</ref> An IS-owned satellite television station and a powerful radio station on 94.3 FM, also based out of Sirte and operating under the brand name "Al-Tawheed," began broadcasting the previous October 2014. Radio Al-Tawheed (former ] transmitter) have 10 kilowatts output power and is received in Europe via ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Vella |first=Matthew |date=15 October 2014 |title=Islamic State to launch Sat-TV station in Libya – Herald |newspaper=] |url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/world/44987/islamic_state_to_launch_sattv_station_in_libya__herald#.VXO2-0Y3m8A |access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref>


The station operated in 2015 and 2016 before being overrun by Libyan forces.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.libyanexpress.com/libyan-forces-find-isis-infamous-radio-al-tawheed/ |title=Libyan Express: Libyan forces find ISIS infamous Radio Al-Tawheed |date=18 July 2016 |access-date=30 October 2022 |work=Lybian Express}}</ref> The station operated in 2015 and 2016 before being overrun by Libyan forces.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.libyanexpress.com/libyan-forces-find-isis-infamous-radio-al-tawheed/ |title=Libyan Express: Libyan forces find ISIS infamous Radio Al-Tawheed |date=18 July 2016 |access-date=30 October 2022 |work=Libyan Express}}</ref> In spite of it, IS supporters promotes an Al-Bayan internet radio station to release its contents.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.memri.org/cjlab/isis-supporters-promote-new-website-to-host-isis-al-%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%C5%BEbayan-radio-content |title=ISIS Supporters Promote New Website To Host ISIS Al-Bayan Radio Content |date=6 May 2019 |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=]}}</ref> It is also being active in social media like Facebook or TikTok.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.isdglobal.org/digital_dispatches/the-terrorist-radio-revival-how-the-islamic-states-radio-station-survives-on-social-media/ |title=The terrorist radio revival: How the Islamic State's radio station survives on social media |first=Moustafa |last=Ayad |date=4 January 2024 |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=]}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
Line 58: Line 63:
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
Line 69: Line 75:
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 13:51, 25 October 2024

Radio station
البيان
Broadcast areaSyria, Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, Yemen, Pakistan
Programming
Language(s)Arabic, Kurdish, English, French, Russian and other languages
FormatReligious, news, talk, terrorist propaganda
Ownership
Owner
History
First air date2014-2018
Sample from an English-language news bulletin broadcast in April 2015 on al-Bayan

Al-Bayan (Arabic: البيان) was the Islamic State's official radio station, based in Iraq, owned and operated by the Islamic State, which broadcast at 92.5 on the FM dial. The station aired a news-talk format and broadcasts in the Arabic, Kurdish, English, French, and Russian languages.

Originating from Mosul, al-Bayan programs were credited with being "highly professional and slickly produced" and were sometimes compared to NPR and the BBC for tone and quality. Al-Bayan's reporting on ISIS military operations had been referenced by the Associated Press and The Washington Post''. The station stopped broadcasts after ISIS lost most of its bases in Iraq and Syria and after being destroyed the radio station by an air raid.

Broadcasts by IS resumed later from Sirte, Libya under the station name "Radio Al-Tawheed".

Beginnings

The first broadcast of Al-Bayan Radio was launched in late 2014, which initially provided newscasts, then some other programs were added in April 2015. The station offered a wide range of programming including nasheed, Quran recitations, speeches, Fiqh, language instruction, and interview shows, interspersed with regular news bulletins and field reports from al-Bayan correspondents in Iraq and Syria. English-language news bulletins were delivered by an American-accented, male newsreader and datelines are read in the Islamic calendar.

Android application

In early 2016, Al-Bayan released an Android application, they uploaded the APK file on the Internet Archive and onion websites since the app could not be downloaded on the Google Play Store. They spread the app through social media like Twitter, Facebook, and Telegram.

Frequencies

Known frequencies (October 2016) were:

  • Iraq: Mosul 92.5/99.3 FM;
  • Syria: Raqqah 99.9 FM
  • Libya: Benghazi 94.3 FM (irregular)
  • Libya: Darnah 95.5 FM (irregular)

The station in Mosul was reported to have gone off-air after an air strike on it in late February 2017 as part of the Battle of Mosul. Iraqi forces discovered the station in March 2017 in an upscale western Mosul neighborhood they captured. ISIS had burnt it down before fleeing.

Libyan broadcasts

In February 2015, IS captured a radio station called "Makmadas" in Sirte, Libya. It was nominally run by Ansar Al-Sharia in Libya, which made it unclear whether that station was under IS management. An IS-owned satellite television station and a powerful radio station on 94.3 FM, also based out of Sirte and operating under the brand name "Al-Tawheed," began broadcasting the previous October 2014. Radio Al-Tawheed (former Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation transmitter) have 10 kilowatts output power and is received in Europe via sporadic E propagation.

The station operated in 2015 and 2016 before being overrun by Libyan forces. In spite of it, IS supporters promotes an Al-Bayan internet radio station to release its contents. It is also being active in social media like Facebook or TikTok.

See also

References

  1. "A News Agency With Scoops Directly From ISIS, and a Veneer of Objectivity". The New York Times. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
  2. "Islamic State launches English-language radio news bulletins". The Daily Telegraph. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  3. ^ Sharma, Swati (4 June 2015). "Islamic State has an English-language radio broadcast that sounds eerily like NPR". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  4. Hinhant, Lori (1 June 2015). "The ISIS Station Targeting Foreign Recruits Sounds Like NPR". Business Insider. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  5. "Thanks for listening to ISIS radio in English". Public Radio International. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  6. Murphy, Brian. "Islamic State claims responsibility for Texas attack outside Muhammad cartoon show". The Washington Post. No. 5 May 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  7. Maamoun, Youssef (23 May 2015). "Islamic State Group Radio Claims Saudi Arabia Mosque Suicide Attack". Huffington Post. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  8. "Air raid silences IS radio station in Iraq's Mosul". The New Arab. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  9. Withnall, Adam (18 January 2015). "Isis to launch first 24-hour online TV channel featuring British hostage John Cantlie and flagship show 'Time to Recruit'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  10. "ISIS launch English-language radio bulletins". Al-Arabiya. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  11. "Interview with Charlie Winter". BBC Radio 4. 12 May 2015.
  12. Tasch, Barbara. "ISIS has reportedly released its first Android app". Business Insider. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  13. Shiloach, Gilad (2016-02-01). "ISIS Launches First Official Android App to Broadcast Terror". Vocativ. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  14. "Al Bayan Frequencies in Syria". fmscan.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  15. ^ "Al Bayan Frequencies in Libya". fmscan.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  16. "Air raid silences IS radio station in Iraq's Mosul". The New Arab. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  17. Agence-France Presse (3 March 2017). "Iraqi troops stumble on Daesh media tentacle in Mosul". Gulf News. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  18. Mosendz, Polly (13 February 2015). "ISIS Takes Over Radio Station in Libya, Reports Say". Newsweek. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  19. Vella, Matthew (15 October 2014). "Islamic State to launch Sat-TV station in Libya – Herald". Malta Today. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  20. "Libyan Express: Libyan forces find ISIS infamous Radio Al-Tawheed". Libyan Express. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  21. "ISIS Supporters Promote New Website To Host ISIS Al-Bayan Radio Content". MEMRI. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  22. Ayad, Moustafa (4 January 2024). "The terrorist radio revival: How the Islamic State's radio station survives on social media". Institute for Strategic Dialogue. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
Islamic State
Names of the Islamic State
Members
(List of leaders)
Current
  Former
History
Timeline of events
Groups
International branches
Unorganized cells
Wars
Battles
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Attacks
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Politics and organization
Relations
Society
Media
Related topics
Categories: