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{{short description|Polish mathematician (1897–1942)}}
⚫ '''Stanisław Saks''' (] — ]) was a ] ] and university tutor, known primarily for his membership in the ] circle, an extensive monograph on the Theory of ]s, his works on the ] and the ].
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Stanisław Saks
| image = Stanisław Saks-2.jpeg
| image_upright =
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| caption = before 1942
| birth_date = {{birth date |1897|12|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = {{death date and age |1942|11|23 |1897|12|30|df=yes}}
| death_place = ], ]
| death_cause = ]
| nationality = ]
| fields = ]
| workplaces =
| alma_mater = ]
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⚫ '''Stanisław Saks''' (30 December 1897 – 23 November 1942) was a Polish ] and university tutor, a member of the ], known primarily for his membership in the ] circle, an extensive monograph on the theory of ]s, his works on ] and the ].


==Life and work==
⚫ Stanisław Saks was born ], 1897 in ], then part of the ], to an assimilated ] family. In 1915 he graduated from a local gymnasium and joined the newly-recreated ]. In 1922 he received a doctorate of his '']'' with a prestigious award ''Cum Maxima Laude''. Soon afterwards he also passed his ] and received the ], which allowed him to travel to the United States. Around that time he started publishing articles in various mathematical journals, mostly the ''Fundamenta Mathematicae'', but also in the American ''Transactions of American Mathematical Society''. He participated in the ] and was awarded the ] and the ] for his bravery. Following the end of the uprising he returned to Warsaw and resumed his academic career.


⚫ Stanisław Saks was born on 30 December 1897 in ], ], to an assimilated ] family. In 1915 he graduated from a local gymnasium and joined the newly recreated ]. In 1922 he received a doctorate of his '']'' with a prestigious distinction '']''. Soon afterwards he also passed his ] and received the ], which allowed him to travel to the United States. Around that time he started publishing articles in various mathematical journals, mostly the '']'', but also in the '']''. He participated in the ] and was awarded the ] and the ] for his bravery. Following the end of the uprising he returned to Warsaw and resumed his academic career.
⚫ For most of it he studied the theories of ] and functionals in particular. In 1930 he published his most notable book, the ''Zarys teorii całki'' (Sketch on the Theory of the Functional), which later got expanded and translated into several languages, including English (''Theory of the Integral''), French (''Théorie de l'Intégrale'') and Russian (''Teoriya Integrala''). Despite his successes, Saks was never awarded with the title of a ] and remained an ordinary tutor, initially at his alma mater and the ], and later at the ] and ]. He was also an active socialist and a journalist at the ] weekly (1919-1926) and later a collaborator of the Association of Socialist Youth.


⚫ For most of it he studied the theories of ] and ]s in particular. In 1930 he published his most notable book, the ''Zarys teorii całki'' (Sketch on the Theory of the Integral), which later got expanded and translated into several languages, including English (''Theory of the Integral''), French (''Théorie de l'Intégrale'')<ref>{{cite journal|author=Tamarkin, J. D.|authorlink=Jacob Tamarkin|title=Review: ''Théorie de l'Intégrale'' by S. Saks|journal=]|year=1934|volume=40|issue=1|pages=16–18|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1934-40-01/S0002-9904-1934-05770-7/S0002-9904-1934-05770-7.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1934-05770-7|doi-access=free}}</ref> and Russian (''Teoriya Integrala''). Despite his successes, Saks was never awarded the title of ] and remained an ordinary tutor, initially at his alma mater and the ], and later at the ] and ]. He was also an active socialist and a journalist at the '']'' weekly (1919–1926) and later a collaborator of the Association of Socialist Youth.
⚫ After the outbreak of ] and the occupation of Poland by the Nazis, Saks joined the ]. Arrested in November of 1942, he was executed ], 1942 by the ] ] in ].


Saks wrote a mathematics book with ], ''Analytic Functions'', in 1933. It was translated into English in 1952 by E. J. Scott.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Heins, Maurice|authorlink=Maurice Heins|title=Review: ''Analytic Functions'' by S. Saks and A. Zygmund|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1954|volume=60|issue=5|pages=495–497|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1954-60-05/S0002-9904-1954-09846-4/S0002-9904-1954-09846-4.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1954-09846-4|doi-access=free}}</ref> In the preface to the English edition, Zygmund writes:{{sfn|Saks|Zygmund|1965}}
⚫ ==See also==
<blockquote>
* ]
Stanislaw Saks was a man of moral as well as physical courage, of rare intelligence and wit. To his colleagues and pupils he was an inspiration not only as a mathematician but as a human being. In the period between the two world wars he exerted great influence upon a whole generation of Polish mathematicians in ] and ]. In November 1942, at the age of 45, Saks died in a ] prison, victim of a policy of extermination.
* ].
</blockquote>


⚫ After the outbreak of ] and the occupation of Poland by Germany, Saks joined the ]. Arrested in November 1942, he was executed on 23 November 1942 by the ] ] in ].<ref name=" Czyż">{{cite book|last= Czyż|first=Janusz|title=Paradoxes of measures and dimensions originating in Felix Hausdorff's ideas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKGz7SiCVpEC&pg=PA34 |year=1994|publisher=]|isbn=978-981-02-0189-0|page=34}}</ref>
== External links ==

==Publications==
*{{Cite book
| last = Saks
| first = Stanisław
| author-link =
| title = Theory of the Integral
| place = ]-]
| publisher = G.E. Stechert & Co.
| year = 1937
| series = Monografie Matematyczne
| volume = 7
| edition = 2nd
| pages = VI+347
| url = http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/kstresc.php?tom=7&wyd=10&jez=pl
| jfm = 63.0183.05
| zbl = 0017.30004
}}. English translation by ], with two additional notes by ].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Tamarkin, J. D.|title=Review: ''Theory of the Integral'' by S. Saks|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1938|volume=44|issue=9, Part 1|pages=615–616|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1938-44-09/S0002-9904-1938-06811-5/S0002-9904-1938-06811-5.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1938-06811-5|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*{{cite book|mr=0180658|last1=Saks|first1=Stanisław|last2=Zygmund|first2=Antoni|author2-link=Antoni Zygmund|title=Analytic functions|edition=Second|series=Monografie Matematyczne|volume=28|publisher=Państwowe Wydawnietwo Naukowe|location=Warsaw|year=1965}}

⚫ == See also ==
* ]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Saks}} * {{MacTutor Biography|id=Saks}}
*{{Citation | last1=Zygmund | first1=Antoni | title=Stanislaw Saks, 1897–1942 | publisher=Springer New York | year=1987 | journal=] | issn=0343-6993 | volume=9 | pages=36–41 | doi=10.1007/BF03023571| s2cid=119349092 }}

{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 13:42, 22 September 2024

Polish mathematician (1897–1942)
Stanisław Saks
before 1942
Born(1897-12-30)30 December 1897
Kalisz, Congress Poland
Died23 November 1942(1942-11-23) (aged 44)
Warsaw, German-occupied Poland
Cause of deathExecution
NationalityPolish
Alma materWarsaw University
Known forVitali–Hahn–Saks theorem
Denjoy–Luzin–Saks theorem
Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics

Stanisław Saks (30 December 1897 – 23 November 1942) was a Polish mathematician and university tutor, a member of the Lwów School of Mathematics, known primarily for his membership in the Scottish Café circle, an extensive monograph on the theory of integrals, his works on measure theory and the Vitali–Hahn–Saks theorem.

Life and work

Stanisław Saks was born on 30 December 1897 in Kalisz, Congress Poland, to an assimilated Polish-Jewish family. In 1915 he graduated from a local gymnasium and joined the newly recreated Warsaw University. In 1922 he received a doctorate of his alma mater with a prestigious distinction maxima cum laude. Soon afterwards he also passed his habilitation and received the Rockefeller fellowship, which allowed him to travel to the United States. Around that time he started publishing articles in various mathematical journals, mostly the Fundamenta Mathematicae, but also in the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society. He participated in the Silesian Uprisings and was awarded the Cross of the Valorous and the Medal of Independence for his bravery. Following the end of the uprising he returned to Warsaw and resumed his academic career.

For most of it he studied the theories of functions and functionals in particular. In 1930 he published his most notable book, the Zarys teorii całki (Sketch on the Theory of the Integral), which later got expanded and translated into several languages, including English (Theory of the Integral), French (Théorie de l'Intégrale) and Russian (Teoriya Integrala). Despite his successes, Saks was never awarded the title of professor and remained an ordinary tutor, initially at his alma mater and the Warsaw University of Technology, and later at the Lwów University and Wilno University. He was also an active socialist and a journalist at the Robotnik weekly (1919–1926) and later a collaborator of the Association of Socialist Youth.

Saks wrote a mathematics book with Antoni Zygmund, Analytic Functions, in 1933. It was translated into English in 1952 by E. J. Scott. In the preface to the English edition, Zygmund writes:

Stanislaw Saks was a man of moral as well as physical courage, of rare intelligence and wit. To his colleagues and pupils he was an inspiration not only as a mathematician but as a human being. In the period between the two world wars he exerted great influence upon a whole generation of Polish mathematicians in Warsaw and Lwów. In November 1942, at the age of 45, Saks died in a Warsaw prison, victim of a policy of extermination.

After the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of Poland by Germany, Saks joined the Polish underground. Arrested in November 1942, he was executed on 23 November 1942 by the German Gestapo in Warsaw.

Publications

See also

Notes

  1. Tamarkin, J. D. (1934). "Review: Théorie de l'Intégrale by S. Saks" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 40 (1): 16–18. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1934-05770-7.
  2. Heins, Maurice (1954). "Review: Analytic Functions by S. Saks and A. Zygmund" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 60 (5): 495–497. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1954-09846-4.
  3. Saks & Zygmund 1965.
  4. Czyż, Janusz (1994). Paradoxes of measures and dimensions originating in Felix Hausdorff's ideas. World Scientific. p. 34. ISBN 978-981-02-0189-0.
  5. Tamarkin, J. D. (1938). "Review: Theory of the Integral by S. Saks" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (9, Part 1): 615–616. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1938-06811-5.

References

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