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'''Wanda Hazel Gág''' (] ]–] ]) was an ] ] and illustrator. She was born on ] ] in ]. Her mother (Elisabeth Biebl) and father (Anton) were of ] descent.
{{short description|American artist and children's writer (1893–1946)}}
{{Infobox writer
| birth_name = Wanda Hazel Gag
| image = Wanda Gág.jpg
| alt = formal, hip height portrait of young woman with long hair pulled up into a knot, wearing long sleeved dark velvet dress with light collar, holding a paintbrush and palette
| caption = Gág in December 1916 <!--no source; File page gives only 2014 upload date-->
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = March 11, 1893
| birth_place = ], US
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1946|6|27|1893|3|11}}
| death_place = ], US
| occupation = {{hlist|Artist|writer|]}}
| genre = ]
| notableworks = '']'' (1928)
| awards = {{ubl|]|]}}
}}


'''Wanda Hazel Gág''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|ɡ}} {{Respell|GAHG}}; March 11, 1893 – June 27, 1946) was an American artist, author, translator, and illustrator. She is best known for writing and illustrating the children's book '']'', the oldest American picture book still in print.<ref>Gregory, Alice. "". ''The New Yorker'', April 24, 2014.</ref> Gág was also a noted print-maker, receiving international recognition and awards.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|pp=71–77}} ''Growing Pains'', a book of excerpts from the diaries of her teen and young adult years, received widespread critical acclaim.<ref>Hoyle, Karen Nelson, "Introduction", in {{harvnb |Gág |1984 |p=xviii}}</ref> Two of her books were awarded ]s and two received ]. The New York Public Library included ''Millions of Cats'' on its 2013 list of 100 Great Children's Books.<ref name="The New York Public Library 2013">{{cite web |title=100 Great Children's Books {{!}} 100 Years (2013) |website=The New York Public Library |year=2013 |url=https://www.nypl.org/childrens-100-books-of-2013 |access-date=2024-01-26}}</ref>
Wanda Hazel Gág (pronounced like gog) was the oldest of seven children. Her father ], son of a ] woodcarver, was a painter and photographer. He used his painting talent to decorate houses and churches to support his family. In fact, he decorated their own dining room ceiling with cherubs and the walls with a geometric motif. Much of Anton Gag's work can still be seen around the town of ]. He passed along his artistic talent to all his children.


==Early years==
Gág’s mother’s (Elisabeth Biebl) ancestors were from ]. Her European background was related to her through many German ] told to her by her grandmother or an aunt or uncle. Only German was spoken in the household and Wanda did not learn to speak English until she attended school.
]
Wanda Hazel Gág was born March 11, 1893, in the German-speaking community of ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://libguides.mnhs.org/wgag|title = LibGuides: Wanda Gág: Illustrator & Author: Overview}}</ref> to Elisabeth ({{nee}} Biebl) Gag and the artist and photographer ]. The eldest of seven siblings, Wanda was 15 when her father died of ].{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=2}} His final words to her were: "{{lang|de|Was der Papa nicht thun konnt', muss die Wanda halt fertig machen.}}" ({{trans|What Papa couldn't do, Wanda will have to finish.}}){{sfn |Gág |1984 |p=xxxi}}


Following his death, the family was on welfare and some townspeople thought that Wanda should quit high school and get a steady job to help support her family. Despite this pressure, Wanda continued with her high school education. While still a teenager her illustrated story ''Robby Bobby in Mother Goose Land'' was published in '']'' in their ''Junior Journal'' supplement.{{sfn|Cox|1975|p=250}} After graduating in June 1912, she taught ] in ], from November 1912 to June 1913.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=89}}
The happiness of her childhood was cut short by the death of her father from ]. Before he died, he said to her, “Was der Papa nicht thun kont, muss die Wanda halt fertig machen” meaning what Papa has left undone, Wanda will have to do. Gág was fourteen years old and since her mother was also sick, she considered herself the head of the household and took on the responsibility of raising her six younger siblings, the youngest one only one year old.


==Art school==
After her father’s death, there was very little insurance money and they received only $8.00 a month from welfare to cover their expenses. Although the neighbors thought Gág should quit school and work, she continued her schooling. There were offers for adoption for the remaining children but she was determined that they should all stay together and that they should all get a good education. After she graduated high school in 1912, Gág took a job as a teacher for a year. She also took on odd jobs such as writing and illustrating magazine articles, designing greeting cards and calendars, and painting lampshades. Her first published illustration was in the Minneapolis Junior Journal, a Sunday supplement. At this time, she also started to keep a diary which she continued to do until she died.
In 1913, Gág began a platonic relationship with ] medical student Edgar T. Herrmann who exposed her to new ideas in art, politics and philosophy.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=5}} With a scholarship (and the aid of friends), she attended The Saint Paul School of Art in 1913 and 1914.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=2}} From 1914 to 1917 she attended ] under the patronage of ].{{sfn |Gág |1984 |p=314}}{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=4}} While there, she became friends with ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/ead/ead.html?q=Wanda+Gag+Papers|title=Wanda Gág papers, 1892–1968|website=dla.library.upenn.edu}}</ref> Her first illustrated book commission (as Wanda Gäg) was ''A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore— Mechanics of Written English'' by Jean Sherwood Rankin (1917).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006536867|title=Mechanics of written English: a drill in the use of caps and points through the rimes of Mother Goose|first1=Jean Sherwood|last1=Rankin|first2=Wanda|last2=Gág|date=November 20, 1917|publisher=Augsburg Publishing House|via=HathiTrust}}</ref> ]


==New York==
By 1923, she decided to draw and paint only what she pleased. Gág left her job in ] to spend her summers in a country house in ] and later, on a farm in ]. Her beau, Earle Marshall Humphreys, would come to spend the summers with her there and to avoid gossip, she bought an inexpensive wedding ring to wear while out with him. Her summers were kept busy with gardening, drawing and painting, and she would spend her winters in ] engaged in various money-making ventures. Humphreys became her biggest supporter and marketed her ideas to anyone who would listen. Wanda had developed a life long friendship with ] at this time.
In 1917, Gág won a scholarship to the ]{{sfn |Gág |1984 |pp=458–459}} where she took classes in composition, etching and advertising illustration. By 1919, Gág was earning her living as a commercial illustrator.{{sfn|Hoyle|2009|pp=8–10}}


During her time in New York she became a member of the ]. In 1921, she became a partner in a business venture called ''Happiwork Story Boxes''. The boxes were decorated with story panels on its sides.{{sfn|Hoyle|2009|pp=10-13}} ] An illustration of Gág's was published in '']'' in 1921.<ref name="Gág 1921 p. 185">{{cite journal |last=Gág |first=Wanda |title=Charcoal Drawing |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3352520?urlappend=%3Bseq=196%3Bownerid=9007199274086381-210 |editor-last=Loeb |editor-first=Harold A. |editor-link=Harold A. Loeb |journal=Broom: An International Magazine of the Arts |volume=1 |number=2 |publisher=Published by Americans in Italy, Harold A. Loeb Broom Publishing Company, Inc |publication-place=Rome |date=December 1921 |issn=0524-7071 |oclc=1348131819 |page=185 |hdl=2027/uc1.b3352520?urlappend=%3Bseq=196 |via=HathiTrust}}</ref> Gág's art exhibition in the ] in 1923 was her first solo show. She began signing her name "Gág" around this time.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=13}}
In 1917 she illustrated ''A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore'', following which she worked on many different projects, and became a well-known artist/author. Her art exhibition in the ] in 1923 was the true beginning of her fame. She was especially esteemed for her ]s, though today if her name is known at all it is usually from her children's books, specifically the classic '']''. Gág received the ] for this book, and the combined effects of it and her exhibition had given her the funds she needed to carry on her work without stress.


In 1924, Gág's work was published in a short-lived folio-style magazine with artist ].{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=15}} In 1925 she created a series of illustrated crossword puzzles for children that was syndicated in several newspapers.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=239}} She began to sell her lithographs, linoleum block prints, water colors and drawings through the Weyhe gallery where she had developed a relationship with its manager, ]{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=239}}{{sfn |L'Enfant |2002 |p=123}}<ref name="M.P. 1926-11-13 pp. 90–91">{{cite magazine |author=M.P. |title=The Art Galleries: If You Don't Like What We Like, You Know What You Can Do |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-new-yorker_1926-11-13_2_39/page/90/mode/2up |magazine=The New Yorker |volume=2 |issue=39 |publisher=F-R Pub. Corp., D. Carey Condé Nast Publications |publication-place=New York |date=1926-11-13 |issn=0028-792X |oclc=1760231 |pages=90–91 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> .Gág's one-woman-show there in 1927 led to her being acclaimed as "… one of America’s most promising young graphic artists… " {{sfn|Winnan|1993|pp=246, 247}}
Wanda was a chain smoker most of her life and developed ]. It was not long after her marriage to Humphreys that she was diagnosed with ]. After she and Humphreys spent the winter in ], they came home to ] where she died on 27 June ]. Following her ], her ashes were scattered along the path to her studio in ], ].


In 1927, her article ''These Modern Women: A Hotbed of Feminists'' was published in '']'', drawing the attention of ] and prompting ] to write: "The way you solved that problem (her relationship with men) seems to me to be the most illuminating part of your career. You have done what all the other ‘modern women’ are still talking about."{{sfn|Winnan|1993|pp=36, 71}}{{sfn |L'Enfant |2002 |p=130}} Gág’s illustrations were published on the covers of the leftist magazines '']'' and '']''.{{sfn |Hemingway |2002 |pp=9, 11}}<ref name="Hennepin History Museum - 2023">{{cite web |title=Wanda Gág: From Childhood to All Creation |website=Hennepin History Museum |date=2023-08-01 |url=https://hennepinhistory.org/wanda-gag-from-childhood-to-all-creation/ |access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref>
There is no doubt that Gág was born to draw. When she was just seventeen years old, she recorded in her diary:
]


In a 1929 '']'' review, ] described Gág's print ''Stone Crusher'': "Pure imagination leaps out from dusky shadows and terrifies with light, an emotional source difficult to analyze."<ref name="Cary 1929">{{cite news |last=Cary |first=Elisabeth Luther |author-link=Elisabeth Luther Cary |title=Watercolors and Prints |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1929-12-15 |page=12 sec. X |volume=79 |number=26,258 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/12/15/92031699.pdf |url-access=subscription |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
“My Own Motto—Draw to Live and Live to Draw.” (Diary 10, 28 October 1910)


For a 1934 auction organized by ] to raise funds for the defense of the ], Gág contributed an original drawing from ''ABC Bunny'', "'F' is for Frog."<ref name="Freedman 2021">{{cite web |last=Freedman |first=Paula B. |title=19 March 2021: Edward Weston, Langston Hughes and the Scottsboro Boys Legal Defense Fund |website=Edward Weston Bibliography |date=2021-03-20 |url=https://edwardwestonbibliography.blog/2021/03/19/19-march-2021-edward-weston-langston-hughes-and-the-scottsdale-boys-legal-defense-fund/ |access-date=2024-01-19}}</ref><ref name="NCDPP 1934">{{cite web |last=National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners |author-link=National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners |title=Scottsboro exhibition and sale notes and press release |others=Bequest of Langson Hughes |website=Yale University Library |date=1934 |url=https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/17034193 |at=Image 26, item 8 |access-date=2024-01-20}}</ref>
==Wanda Gag Childhood Home==
The Wanda Gag childhood home is located in ] and is open for public touring.


Her work was recognized internationally and was selected for inclusion in the ] ''Fifty Prints of the Year'' in 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1937 and 1938.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|pp=72–76}} Her work was featured in exhibitions at The ] in 1934, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, and 1941.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whitney.org/artists/472|title=Wanda Gág|website=whitney.org}}</ref> In 1939 Gág's work was shown at The ] exhibition ''Art in Our Time'' and at the ] ''American Art Today'' show.{{sfn |L'Enfant |2002 |p=156}}
The Wanda Gag House was the childhood home of Wanda Gag, noted children’s author and illustrator. Wanda’s most well-known book was ]. Constructed in 1894 by Wanda's father, ], this ] style home has been carefully restored to its original design, color and decoration. Highlights include ], ], authentic artwork, ], and an exhibit of books created by Wanda and her family. Books, reproductions and other articles are available for purchase.


==Works for children==
Address:
]'' (1928)]]
226 N Washington Box 432
In 1927 Gág's illustrated story ''Bunny's Easter Egg'' was published in '']'', a magazine for children.<ref name="Gág 1927">{{cite journal |last=Gág |first=Wanda |title=Bunny's Easter Egg |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=John |editor-link=Morgan van Roorbach Shepard |journal=John Martin's Book: The Child's Magazine |publisher=John Martin's House, Inc. |publication-place=New York |year=1927 |volume=35 |issue=4 |oclc=2253489 |pages=}}{{pages needed|date=January 2024}}</ref> Gág's work caught the attention of ], director of ]'s children's book division. Evans was delighted to learn that Gág had children's stories and illustrations in her folio and asked her to submit her own story with illustrations. The result, ''Millions of Cats'', had been developed from a story that Gág had written to entertain the children of friends. It was published in 1928.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|p=36}} ] wrote: "… It bears all the hallmarks of becoming a perennial favorite among children, and it takes a place of its own, both for the originality and strength of its pictures and the living folk-tale quality of its text. A book of universal interest to children living anywhere in the world… A kinship with all children made her respect their intelligence, and gave them at once ease and joy in her company. With as sure an instinct for the right word for the ear, as for the right line for the eye, Wanda Gág became quite unconsciously a regenerative force in the field of children's books."<ref>''Millions of Cats'' dust jacket, second edition, 1928</ref><ref name="Somerset Publishers 2000 pp. 124–126">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Gag, Wanda Hazel (1893–1946) |url=https://archive.org/details/minnesotabiograp0000unse/page/124/mode/2up |url-access=registration |encyclopedia=Minnesota Biographical Dictionary |publisher=Somerset Publishers |publication-place=St. Clair Shores, MI |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-403-09674-9 |oclc=44031731 |page=– |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> '']'' won a ] award in 1929, one of the few picture books to do so. It is the oldest American picture book still in print.<ref name="library">{{cite web|url=http://www.myrcpl.com/children/book-lists/millions-cats-wanda-gag-january-2005|title=Millions of Cats by Wanda Gág|work=The Wild Place|publisher=Richland County Public Library|accessdate=20 November 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714144327/http://www.myrcpl.com/children/book-lists/millions-cats-wanda-gag-january-2005|archivedate=14 July 2011}}</ref> It entered the ] in the United States in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/publicdomainday/2024/|title=Public Domain Day 2024 &#124; Duke University School of Law|website=web.law.duke.edu}}</ref>
], MN 56073

(507) 359-2632
In 1935 Gág published the "proto-feminist" ''Gone is Gone; or, the Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework''.<ref name="Popova 2014">{{cite web |last=Popova |first=Maria |author-link=Maria Popova |title=The Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework: A Proto-Feminist Children's Book from 1935 |website=The Marginalian |date=2014-07-08 |url=https://www.themarginalian.org/2014/07/08/wanda-gag-gone-is-gone/ |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref>

To encourage the reading of fairy-tales, Gág translated and illustrated ''Tales from Grimm'' in 1936. English critic ], commenting on Gág's translation, wrote: "From the very first page it was clear that Miss Gág was chopping away a perfect brushwood of clumsy phraseology to let in the light."<ref name="Wolfe 1937">{{cite news |last=Wolfe |first=Humbert |author-link=Humbert Wolfe |title=Golden Lads and Lasses: A Shelf of Fairy-Books |via=Newspapers.com |date=1937-12-05 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-observer-golden-lads-and-lasses-a-s/139003118/ |journal=The Observer |number=7,645 |publisher=Guardian and Manchester Evening News Ltd |publication-place=London |issn=0029-7712 |access-date=2024-01-18 |page=17}}</ref> Two years later she translated and illustrated the Grimm story '']'' in reaction to the "trivialized, sterilized, and sentimentalized" Disney movie version.{{sfn|James|2002|pp=–}} Her essay ''I Like Fairy Tales'' was published in the March 1939 issue of '']''. ''More Tales from Grimm'' was published posthumously in 1947. Four of her translated fairy tales were later released with illustrations by ].

==Personal life==
Gág enjoyed living and working in the country. In the early 1920s she spent summers drawing at various locations in rural New York and Connecticut.{{sfn|Hoyle|2009|pp=10-13}} She rented a three-acre farm called "Tumble Timbers" in ], from 1925 to 1930. In 1931 she bought a larger farm she named "All Creation" in ].{{sfn|Winnan|1993|pp=71–73}}<ref name="Anderson 2021">{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Phil |title=Gág, Wanda (1893–1946) |website=MNopedia | date=June 29, 2021 |url=https://www.mnopedia.org/person/g-g-wanda-1893-1946 |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref> Two of her siblings, {{ill|Flavia Gág|lt=Flavia|wd=Q124322579|short=yes}} and Howard, lived there with her.<ref name="Dobbs 1935 pp. 367–373">{{cite journal |last=Dobbs |first=Rose |title="ALL CREATION": Wanda Gag and Her Family |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_horn-book-magazine_november-december-1935_11_6/page/366/mode/2up |journal=The Horn Book |volume=11 |issue=6 |publisher=The Bookshop for Boys and Girls, Women's Educational and Industrial Union |publication-place=Boston, MA, US |date=November–December 1935 |issn=2693-5120 |oclc=614950421 |pages=367–373 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

Gág's brother Howard did the hand lettering for ''Millions of Cats'',{{sfn |James |2002 |pp=–}} and ''The ABC Bunny''.<ref name="University of Minnesota Press 2011">{{cite web |title=The ABC Bunny |website=University of Minnesota Press |date=2011-03-10 |url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/the-abc-bunny |access-date=2024-01-20}}</ref> Gág encouraged her sister Flavia to create illustrated books for children.{{sfn |Fuller |1977 |pp=96–97}}

In addition to Earle Humphreys, her long-time paramour and business manager, Gág had, sometimes concurrently, other lovers: Adolph Dehn, Lewis Gannett, Carl Zigrosser, and Dr. Hugh Darby. She married Humphreys on August 27, 1943.{{sfn|Winnan|1993|pp=9, 44, 55, 61}}

Gág died from ] in New York City, aged 53, on June 27, 1946.{{sfn |L'Enfant |2002 |p=165}}

==Legacy==
===Memorials===
].]]
Gág was honored by '']'' in a tribute issue in 1947.<ref name="IN TRIBUTE TO WANDA GAG 1947">{{cite journal |title=IN TRIBUTE TO WANDA GAG |journal=The Horn Book |volume=23 |issue=3 |publisher=The Bookshop for Boys and Girls, Women's Educational and Industrial Union |publication-place=Boston, MA, US |date=May–June 1947 |issn=2693-5120 |oclc=614950421 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_horn-book-magazine_may-june-1947_23_3 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Her childhood home in ] has been restored and is now the ], a museum that offers tours and educational programs.<ref>, accessed June 2012</ref>

In 1992, ''Millions of Cats'' was featured on the television series '']'', narrated by ].<ref name="Blakey 1993">{{cite news |last=Blakey |first=Scott |title=DUVALL STRIKES AGAIN WITH 'BEDTIME STORIES' |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |agency=Los Angeles Times Syndicate |date=1993-03-11 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-03-11-9303191138-story.html |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref> A bronze sculpture of Gág (with one of her cats) by Jason Jaspersen was erected at the public library of New Ulm, Minnesota, in 2016.<ref name="JJJaspersen Studios 2016">{{cite web |title=Wanda Gag Monument |website=JJJaspersen Studios |date=2016-08-31 |url=https://www.jjjaspersen.com/wanda |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref><ref name="Schuldt 2016">{{cite news |last=Schuldt |first=Clay |title=Wanda Gag sculpture unveiled at NU Library |date=2016-11-26 |url=https://www.nujournal.com/news/local-news/2016/11/26/wanda-gag-sculpture-unveiled-at-nu-library/ |newspaper=The Journal |publication-place=New Ulm, MN |issn=1059-1338 |oclc=1020530107 |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref> In 2017 The ] in Minneapolis produced ''In The Treetops'', a new play that focused on Gág's childhood years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sandboxtheatreonline.com/in-the-treetops-2017/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916010759/http://www.sandboxtheatreonline.com/in-the-treetops-2017/ |archive-date=September 16, 2017 |title=In The Treetops (2017) {{!}}}}</ref>

===Awards===
The books ''Millions of Cats'' and '']'' were recipients of a ].<ref name="ALSC Newbery 2023">{{cite web |title=Newbery Medal Winners & Honor Books, 1922 – Present |website=Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) |date=2023-02-13 |url=https://www.ala.org/alsc/sites/ala.org.alsc/files/content/awardsgrants/bookmedia/newberymedal/newbery-medals-honors-1922-present.pdf|access-date=2024-01-19}}</ref> Both '']'' and '']'' received a ].<ref name="ALSC Caldecott 2023">{{cite web |title=Caldecott Medal & Honor Books, 1938 to present |website=Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) |date=2023-06-01 |url=https://www.ala.org/alsc/sites/ala.org.alsc/files/content/awardsgrants/bookmedia/caldecottmedal/caldecott-medal-honors-to-present.pdf}}</ref>

Wanda Gág was posthumously honored with The ] in 1958,<ref name="Davis 1961 pp. 549–552">{{cite journal |last=Davis |first=David C. |title=A Tool for the Selection of Children's Books: The Lewis Carroll Shelf Awards |journal=Elementary English |publisher=National Council of Teachers of English |volume=38 |issue=8 |year=1961 |issn=0013-5968 |jstor=41385201 |pages=549–552 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41385201 |access-date=2024-01-19}}</ref> and the ] in 1977.<ref name="UMN Libraries Kerlan Award 2023">{{cite web |title=The Kerlan Award |website=University of Minnesota Libraries |date=2023-10-10 |url=https://www.lib.umn.edu/collections/special/clrc/kerlan-award |access-date=2024-01-19}}</ref>

In 2018, Gág was posthumously honored with the Original Art Lifetime Achievement Award from the ].<ref name="Schuldt 2018">{{cite news |last=Schuldt |first=Clay |title=Wanda Gág awarded Original Art Lifetime Achievement Award |newspaper=The Journal |publication-place=New Ulm, MN |issn=1059-1338 |oclc=1020530107 |date=2018-11-14 |url=https://www.nujournal.com/news/local-news/2018/11/14/wanda-gag-awarded-original-art-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref><ref name="Society of Illustrators 2024-01-19">{{cite web |title=The Original Art Lifetime Achievement Award |website=Society of Illustrators |url=https://societyillustrators.org/lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date=2024-01-19}}</ref>

The Wanda Gág Read Aloud Book Award is awarded each year by the ].<ref name="Minnesota State University Moorhead">{{cite web |title=Comstock-Gág Read Aloud Book Awards Program MSUM CMC |website= Minnesota State University Moorhead |url=https://www.mnstate.edu/library/curriculum-materials-center/comstock-gag-read-aloud/ |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref>

===Archives===
Gág's prints, drawings, and watercolors are in the collections of ],<ref name="Minneapolis Institute of Art">{{cite web |title=Wanda Gág |website=Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=https://collections.artsmia.org/search/wanda%20g%C3%A1g |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref> ],<ref name="Whitney Museum of American Art">{{Cite web|url=https://whitney.org/artists/472|title=Wanda Gag|website=Whitney Museum of American Art|access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/2047|title=Wanda Gág &#124; MoMA}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://philamuseum.org/collection/curated/wanda-gag-drawings-and-prints|title=Wanda Gág|website=philamuseum.org}}</ref> and other museums around the world. Gág's papers, manuscripts and matrices are held in the Kerlan Collection<ref name="Wanda Gág Collection @UM">{{cite web |title=Collection: Wanda Gág Collection |website=University of Minnesota Archival Collections Guides |url=https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/4/resources/3507 |id=CLRC-29 |access-date=2024-01-24}}</ref> at the ], The ], The ], The Kislak Collection at the ],<ref name="Wanda Gág papers UPenn">{{cite web |title=Wanda Gág papers, 1892-1968. |website=franklin.library.upenn.edu |url=https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9927068253503681 |access-date=2024-08-18}}</ref> and the ].{{sfn |Mendelsohn |1983 |p=308}}

===Exhibitions===
The ] presented a small retrospective (18 prints and two books) of her work, March through December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/01/arts/design/wanda-gag-artist-whitney-museum.html|title='Millions of Cats' and Prints for Grown-Ups: Wanda Gág at the Whitney|last=Mimms|first=Walker|website=New York Times|date=1 August 2024|access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/wanda-gags-world|title=Wanda Gág's World|website=Whitney Museum|date=28 March 2024|access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>


==Works== ==Works==
===Novels=== ===Books===
Writer and illustrator:
**The ABC Bunny, 1933.
*''Batiking at Home: a Handbook for Beginners'', Coward McCann, 1926
**The Day of Doom by Michael Wigglesworth; illustrated by Wanda Gág, 1929.
*'']'', Coward McCann, 1928
**The Funny Thing, 1929.
*''The Funny Thing'', Coward McCann, 1929
**Gone is Gone; or, the Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework, 1935.
*''Snippy and Snappy'', Coward McCann, 1931
**Growing Pains: Diaries and Drawings for the Years 1908-1917
*''Wanda Gág’s Storybook'' (includes Millions of Cats, The Funny Thing, Snippy and Snappy), Coward McCann, 1932
**Millions of Cats, 1928.
*'']'', Coward McCann, 1933
**More Tales from Grimm, 1947.
*''Gone is Gone; or, the Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework'', Coward McCann, 1935
**Nothing At All, 1941.
*''Growing Pains: Diaries and Drawings for the Years 1908–1917'', Coward McCann, 1940
**Snippy and Snappy, 1931.
*'']'', Coward McCann, 1941
**Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, 1938.

**Tales from Grimm, 1936.
Translator and illustrator:
**Three Gay Tales from Grimm, 1943.
*''Tales from Grimm'', Coward McCann, 1936
**Wanda Gag’s Storybook (includes Millions of Cats, The Funny Thing, and Snippy and Snappy), 1932.
*'']'', Coward McCann, 1938
*''Three Gay Tales from Grimm'', Coward McCann, 1943
*''More Tales from Grimm'', Coward McCann, 1947

Illustrator only:
*''A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore— Mechanics of Written English'', by Jean Sherwood Rankin, Augsburg, 1917
*''The Oak by the Waters of Rowan'', by Spencer Kellogg Jr, Aries Press, New York, 1927
*''The Day of Doom'', by ], Spiral Press, 1929
*''Pond Image and Other Poems'', by Johan Egilsrud, Lund Press, Minneapolis, 1943

Translator only:
*''The Six Swans'', illustrations by Margot Tomes, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1974
*''Wanda Gág's Jorinda and Joringel'', illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1978
*''Wanda Gag's the Sorcerer's Apprentice'' illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1979
*''Wanda Gag's The Earth Gnome'', illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1985
*''The Sweet Porridge,'' illustrations by Jill McDonald , Methuen Educational, 1966.

===Selected prints===
*, 1933
*, 1930
*, 1929
*, 1932.
*, c. 1928
*, 1940–41
*, 1927
*, 1936
*, 1936

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal |last=Cox |first=Richard W. |title=Wanda Gág: The Bite of the Picture Book |journal=Minnesota History |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press, Minnesota Historical Society |volume=44 |issue=7 |date=Fall 1975 |issn=0026-5497 |jstor=20178372 |pages=238–254 |url=https://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/44/v44i07p238-254.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520133342/https://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/44/v44i07p238-254.pdf |archive-date=2023-05-20 |url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book |last=Fuller |first=Muriel |chapter=Flavia Gág |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/morejuniorauthor00full/page/96/mode/2up |chapter-url-access=registration |title=More Junior Authors |publisher=Wilson |publication-place=New York |year=1977 |orig-year=1963 |isbn=978-0-8242-0036-7 |oclc=256628824 |pages=96–97 |url=https://archive.org/details/morejuniorauthor00full/page |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
*{{cite book |last=Gág |first=Wanda |title=Growing Pains: Diaries and Drawings for the Years 1908–1917 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |publication-place=St. Paul |year=1984 |orig-year=1940 |isbn=978-0-87351-173-5 |oclc=1149248948 |url=https://archive.org/details/growingpainsdiar0000gagw |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
*{{cite book |last=Hemingway |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Hemingway |title=Artists on the Left: American Artists and the Communist Movement 1926–1956 |publisher=Yale University Press |publication-place=New Haven |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-300-24701-5 |oclc=1081423705 |doi=10.37862/aaeportal.00025}}
*{{cite book |last=Hoyle |first=Karen Nelson |title=Wanda Gág: A Life of Art and Stories |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |publication-place=Minneapolis |year=2009 |orig-year=1994 |oclc=691601174 |isbn=978-0-8166-6771-0}}
*{{cite book |last=James |first=J. Alison |editor-last=Silvey |editor-first=Anita |editor-link=Anita Silvey |chapter=Gág, Wanda |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00silv/page/168/mode/2up |chapter-url-access=registration |title=The Essential Guide to Children's Books and Their Creators |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |publication-place=Boston |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-618-19082-9 |oclc=52741053 |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00silv |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |page=–}}
*{{cite book |last=L'Enfant |first=Julie |title=The Gág Family: German-Bohemian artists in America |publisher=Afton Historical Society Press |publication-place=Afton, MN |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-890434-50-2 |oclc=1193959621 |url=https://archive.org/details/gagfamilygermanb0000lenf/page/n7/mode/2up |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
*{{cite book |last=Mendelsohn |first=Leonard R. |chapter=GÁG, Wanda (Hazel) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury02edunse/page/308/mode/2up |chapter-url-access=registration |editor-last=Kirkpatrick |editor-first=Daniel Lane |title=Twentieth-century children's writers |publisher=St. Martin's Press |publication-place=New York |year=1983 | isbn=978-0-312-82414-3 |oclc=1285853170 |page=308 |url=https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury02edunse |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
*{{cite book |last=Winnan |first=Audur H. |title=Wanda Gág: A Catalogue Raisonne of the Prints |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |publication-place=Washington |year=1993 |isbn=978-1-56098-221-0 |oclc=1391898416 |url=https://archive.org/details/wandagagcatalogu0000winn |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
{{refend}}


===Art=== ==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Scott |first=Alma |title=Wanda Gág: The Story of an Artist |publisher=Literary Licensing |publication-place= |year=2013 |orig-year=1949 |isbn=978-1-4940-5764-0 |oclc=594370933}}
**Airtight Stove, 1933.
**Backyard Corner, 1930.
**Barnes At Glen Gardner, 1941-43.
**Behind the House, 1929.
**Evening, 1928.
**Fairy Story, 1937.
**Fireplace, 1930.
**The Forge, 1932.
**Gourds at Tumble Timbers, c. 1928.
**Interior, 1935.
**Kitchen Corner, c. 1929.
**Lamplight, 1929.
**Lantern and Fireplace, 1931-32.
**Macy's Stairway, 1940-41.
**Pie and Flowers, c. 1928.
**Spring in the Garden, 1927.
**Snowy Fields, 1932.
**Spinning Wheel, 1927.
**Pipe and Flowers, 1926.
**Ploughed Fields, 1936.
**Whodunit, 1944.
**Winter Garden, 1936.
**Winter Twilight, 1927.


== External link == ==External links==
{{commons category|Wanda Gág}}
*
{{wikisource author}}
*
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|viaf=14845492}}
*
* {{FadedPage|id=Gág, Wanda|name=Wanda Gág|author=yes}}
*
*
* , National Gallery of Art
* (Prints and Photographs Reading Room, Library of Congress)
*
* Collection summary to the at the
* Finding aid to the at the
* Finding aid to the {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013034302/http://www.libraries.psu.edu/findingaids/9555.htm |date=October 13, 2020 }} at ]'s Special Collections Library
* {{LCAuth|n78089816|Wanda Gág|52|}}
*, ''All About Kids! TV Series'' #259 (1998)
{{Portal bar|Children's literature}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 00:51, 4 December 2024

American artist and children's writer (1893–1946)
Wanda Gág
formal, hip height portrait of young woman with long hair pulled up into a knot, wearing long sleeved dark velvet dress with light collar, holding a paintbrush and paletteGág in December 1916
BornWanda Hazel Gag
March 11, 1893
New Ulm, Minnesota, US
DiedJune 27, 1946(1946-06-27) (aged 53)
New York City, US
Occupation
GenreChildren's literature
Notable worksMillions of Cats (1928)
Notable awards

Wanda Hazel Gág (/ˈɡɑːɡ/ GAHG; March 11, 1893 – June 27, 1946) was an American artist, author, translator, and illustrator. She is best known for writing and illustrating the children's book Millions of Cats, the oldest American picture book still in print. Gág was also a noted print-maker, receiving international recognition and awards. Growing Pains, a book of excerpts from the diaries of her teen and young adult years, received widespread critical acclaim. Two of her books were awarded Newbery Honors and two received Caldecott Honors. The New York Public Library included Millions of Cats on its 2013 list of 100 Great Children's Books.

Early years

shoulder high charcoal or pencil portrait drawn on a grocery bag of young woman with deep dark eyes, lighter bangs
Gág self-portrait (1915)

Wanda Hazel Gág was born March 11, 1893, in the German-speaking community of New Ulm, Minnesota, to Elisabeth (née Biebl) Gag and the artist and photographer Anton Gag. The eldest of seven siblings, Wanda was 15 when her father died of tuberculosis. His final words to her were: "Was der Papa nicht thun konnt', muss die Wanda halt fertig machen." (transl. What Papa couldn't do, Wanda will have to finish.)

Following his death, the family was on welfare and some townspeople thought that Wanda should quit high school and get a steady job to help support her family. Despite this pressure, Wanda continued with her high school education. While still a teenager her illustrated story Robby Bobby in Mother Goose Land was published in The Minneapolis Journal in their Junior Journal supplement. After graduating in June 1912, she taught country school in Springfield, Minnesota, from November 1912 to June 1913.

Art school

In 1913, Gág began a platonic relationship with University of Minnesota medical student Edgar T. Herrmann who exposed her to new ideas in art, politics and philosophy. With a scholarship (and the aid of friends), she attended The Saint Paul School of Art in 1913 and 1914. From 1914 to 1917 she attended The Minneapolis School of Art under the patronage of Herschel V. Jones. While there, she became friends with Harry Gottlieb and Adolf Dehn. Her first illustrated book commission (as Wanda Gäg) was A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore— Mechanics of Written English by Jean Sherwood Rankin (1917).

Pen and ink full length portrait of man with scoliosis walking with a cane wearing tall hat, dark coat and sandals, with cat and a home visible
Crooked Man from Mother Goose rhyme in Mechanics of Written English (1917)

New York

In 1917, Gág won a scholarship to the Art Students League of New York where she took classes in composition, etching and advertising illustration. By 1919, Gág was earning her living as a commercial illustrator.

During her time in New York she became a member of the Society of American Graphic Artists. In 1921, she became a partner in a business venture called Happiwork Story Boxes. The boxes were decorated with story panels on its sides.

Cover of Happiwork Packages game for children, Circa 1921

An illustration of Gág's was published in Broom: An International Magazine of the Arts in 1921. Gág's art exhibition in the New York Public Library in 1923 was her first solo show. She began signing her name "Gág" around this time.

In 1924, Gág's work was published in a short-lived folio-style magazine with artist William Gropper. In 1925 she created a series of illustrated crossword puzzles for children that was syndicated in several newspapers. She began to sell her lithographs, linoleum block prints, water colors and drawings through the Weyhe gallery where she had developed a relationship with its manager, Carl Zigrosser .Gág's one-woman-show there in 1927 led to her being acclaimed as "… one of America’s most promising young graphic artists… "

In 1927, her article These Modern Women: A Hotbed of Feminists was published in The Nation, drawing the attention of Alfred Stieglitz and prompting Egmont Arens to write: "The way you solved that problem (her relationship with men) seems to me to be the most illuminating part of your career. You have done what all the other ‘modern women’ are still talking about." Gág’s illustrations were published on the covers of the leftist magazines The New Masses and The Liberator.

full length portrait of young woman with short hair seated working with a pencil on a litho stone
Gág preparing lithographic stone (1932)

In a 1929 New York Times review, Elisabeth Luther Cary described Gág's print Stone Crusher: "Pure imagination leaps out from dusky shadows and terrifies with light, an emotional source difficult to analyze."

For a 1934 auction organized by Langston Hughes to raise funds for the defense of the Scottsboro Boys, Gág contributed an original drawing from ABC Bunny, "'F' is for Frog."

Her work was recognized internationally and was selected for inclusion in the American Institute of Graphic Arts Fifty Prints of the Year in 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1937 and 1938. Her work was featured in exhibitions at The Whitney Museum of American Art in 1934, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, and 1941. In 1939 Gág's work was shown at The Museum of Modern Art exhibition Art in Our Time and at the New York World's Fair American Art Today show.

Works for children

Millions of Cats (1928)

In 1927 Gág's illustrated story Bunny's Easter Egg was published in John Martin's Book, a magazine for children. Gág's work caught the attention of Ernestine Evans, director of Coward-McCann's children's book division. Evans was delighted to learn that Gág had children's stories and illustrations in her folio and asked her to submit her own story with illustrations. The result, Millions of Cats, had been developed from a story that Gág had written to entertain the children of friends. It was published in 1928. Anne Carroll Moore wrote: "… It bears all the hallmarks of becoming a perennial favorite among children, and it takes a place of its own, both for the originality and strength of its pictures and the living folk-tale quality of its text. A book of universal interest to children living anywhere in the world… A kinship with all children made her respect their intelligence, and gave them at once ease and joy in her company. With as sure an instinct for the right word for the ear, as for the right line for the eye, Wanda Gág became quite unconsciously a regenerative force in the field of children's books." Millions of Cats won a Newbery Honor award in 1929, one of the few picture books to do so. It is the oldest American picture book still in print. It entered the public domain in the United States in 2024.

In 1935 Gág published the "proto-feminist" Gone is Gone; or, the Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework.

To encourage the reading of fairy-tales, Gág translated and illustrated Tales from Grimm in 1936. English critic Humbert Wolfe, commenting on Gág's translation, wrote: "From the very first page it was clear that Miss Gág was chopping away a perfect brushwood of clumsy phraseology to let in the light." Two years later she translated and illustrated the Grimm story Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in reaction to the "trivialized, sterilized, and sentimentalized" Disney movie version. Her essay I Like Fairy Tales was published in the March 1939 issue of The Horn Book Magazine. More Tales from Grimm was published posthumously in 1947. Four of her translated fairy tales were later released with illustrations by Margot Tomes.

Personal life

Gág enjoyed living and working in the country. In the early 1920s she spent summers drawing at various locations in rural New York and Connecticut. She rented a three-acre farm called "Tumble Timbers" in Glen Gardner, New Jersey, from 1925 to 1930. In 1931 she bought a larger farm she named "All Creation" in Milford, New Jersey. Two of her siblings, Flavia [d] and Howard, lived there with her.

Gág's brother Howard did the hand lettering for Millions of Cats, and The ABC Bunny. Gág encouraged her sister Flavia to create illustrated books for children.

In addition to Earle Humphreys, her long-time paramour and business manager, Gág had, sometimes concurrently, other lovers: Adolph Dehn, Lewis Gannett, Carl Zigrosser, and Dr. Hugh Darby. She married Humphreys on August 27, 1943.

Gág died from lung cancer in New York City, aged 53, on June 27, 1946.

Legacy

Memorials

Two-story green home with some orange-red sections in Victorian style with dramatic rooftop ornaments, open second floor turret porch
Wanda Gág’s childhood home in New Ulm, Minnesota, is now a museum known as the Wanda Gág House.

Gág was honored by The Horn Book Magazine in a tribute issue in 1947. Her childhood home in New Ulm, Minnesota has been restored and is now the Wanda Gág House, a museum that offers tours and educational programs.

In 1992, Millions of Cats was featured on the television series Shelley Duvall's Bedtime Stories, narrated by James Earl Jones. A bronze sculpture of Gág (with one of her cats) by Jason Jaspersen was erected at the public library of New Ulm, Minnesota, in 2016. In 2017 The Sandbox Theatre in Minneapolis produced In The Treetops, a new play that focused on Gág's childhood years.

Awards

The books Millions of Cats and The ABC Bunny were recipients of a Newbery Honor. Both Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Nothing at All received a Caldecott Honor.

Wanda Gág was posthumously honored with The Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958, and the Kerlan Award in 1977.

In 2018, Gág was posthumously honored with the Original Art Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society of Illustrators.

The Wanda Gág Read Aloud Book Award is awarded each year by the Minnesota State University Moorhead.

Archives

Gág's prints, drawings, and watercolors are in the collections of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, The Whitney Museum, The Museum of Modern Art, The Philadelphia Museum of Art, and other museums around the world. Gág's papers, manuscripts and matrices are held in the Kerlan Collection at the University of Minnesota, The New York Public Library, The Free Library of Philadelphia, The Kislak Collection at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries, and the Minneapolis Institute of Art.

Exhibitions

The Whitney Museum presented a small retrospective (18 prints and two books) of her work, March through December 2024.

Works

Books

Writer and illustrator:

  • Batiking at Home: a Handbook for Beginners, Coward McCann, 1926
  • Millions of Cats, Coward McCann, 1928
  • The Funny Thing, Coward McCann, 1929
  • Snippy and Snappy, Coward McCann, 1931
  • Wanda Gág’s Storybook (includes Millions of Cats, The Funny Thing, Snippy and Snappy), Coward McCann, 1932
  • The ABC Bunny, Coward McCann, 1933
  • Gone is Gone; or, the Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework, Coward McCann, 1935
  • Growing Pains: Diaries and Drawings for the Years 1908–1917, Coward McCann, 1940
  • Nothing At All, Coward McCann, 1941

Translator and illustrator:

  • Tales from Grimm, Coward McCann, 1936
  • Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Coward McCann, 1938
  • Three Gay Tales from Grimm, Coward McCann, 1943
  • More Tales from Grimm, Coward McCann, 1947

Illustrator only:

  • A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore— Mechanics of Written English, by Jean Sherwood Rankin, Augsburg, 1917
  • The Oak by the Waters of Rowan, by Spencer Kellogg Jr, Aries Press, New York, 1927
  • The Day of Doom, by Michael Wigglesworth, Spiral Press, 1929
  • Pond Image and Other Poems, by Johan Egilsrud, Lund Press, Minneapolis, 1943

Translator only:

  • The Six Swans, illustrations by Margot Tomes, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1974
  • Wanda Gág's Jorinda and Joringel, illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1978
  • Wanda Gag's the Sorcerer's Apprentice illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1979
  • Wanda Gag's The Earth Gnome, illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1985
  • The Sweet Porridge, illustrations by Jill McDonald , Methuen Educational, 1966.

Selected prints

References

  1. Gregory, Alice. "Juicy As a Pear: Wanda Gág's Delectable Books". The New Yorker, April 24, 2014.
  2. Winnan 1993, pp. 71–77.
  3. Hoyle, Karen Nelson, "Introduction", in Gág 1984, p. xviii
  4. "100 Great Children's Books | 100 Years (2013)". The New York Public Library. 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  5. "LibGuides: Wanda Gág: Illustrator & Author: Overview".
  6. ^ Winnan 1993, p. 2.
  7. Gág 1984, p. xxxi.
  8. Cox 1975, p. 250.
  9. Winnan 1993, p. 89.
  10. Winnan 1993, p. 5.
  11. Gág 1984, p. 314.
  12. Winnan 1993, p. 4.
  13. "Wanda Gág papers, 1892–1968". dla.library.upenn.edu.
  14. Rankin, Jean Sherwood; Gág, Wanda (November 20, 1917). Mechanics of written English: a drill in the use of caps and points through the rimes of Mother Goose. Augsburg Publishing House – via HathiTrust.
  15. Gág 1984, pp. 458–459.
  16. Hoyle 2009, pp. 8–10.
  17. ^ Hoyle 2009, pp. 10–13.
  18. Gág, Wanda (December 1921). Loeb, Harold A. (ed.). "Charcoal Drawing". Broom: An International Magazine of the Arts. 1 (2). Rome: Published by Americans in Italy, Harold A. Loeb Broom Publishing Company, Inc: 185. hdl:2027/uc1.b3352520. ISSN 0524-7071. OCLC 1348131819 – via HathiTrust.
  19. Winnan 1993, p. 13.
  20. Winnan 1993, p. 15.
  21. ^ Winnan 1993, p. 239.
  22. L'Enfant 2002, p. 123.
  23. M.P. (November 13, 1926). "The Art Galleries: If You Don't Like What We Like, You Know What You Can Do". The New Yorker. Vol. 2, no. 39. New York: F-R Pub. Corp., D. Carey Condé Nast Publications. pp. 90–91. ISSN 0028-792X. OCLC 1760231 – via Internet Archive.
  24. Winnan 1993, pp. 246, 247.
  25. Winnan 1993, pp. 36, 71.
  26. L'Enfant 2002, p. 130.
  27. Hemingway 2002, pp. 9, 11.
  28. "Wanda Gág: From Childhood to All Creation". Hennepin History Museum. August 1, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  29. Cary, Elisabeth Luther (December 15, 1929). "Watercolors and Prints" (PDF). The New York Times. Vol. 79, no. 26, 258. p. 12 sec. X. ISSN 0362-4331.
  30. Freedman, Paula B. (March 20, 2021). "19 March 2021: Edward Weston, Langston Hughes and the Scottsboro Boys Legal Defense Fund". Edward Weston Bibliography. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  31. National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners (1934). "Scottsboro exhibition and sale notes and press release". Yale University Library. Bequest of Langson Hughes. Image 26, item 8. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  32. Winnan 1993, pp. 72–76.
  33. "Wanda Gág". whitney.org.
  34. L'Enfant 2002, p. 156.
  35. Gág, Wanda (1927). Martin, John (ed.). "Bunny's Easter Egg". John Martin's Book: The Child's Magazine. 35 (4). New York: John Martin's House, Inc. OCLC 2253489.
  36. Winnan 1993, p. 36.
  37. Millions of Cats dust jacket, second edition, 1928
  38. "Gag, Wanda Hazel (1893–1946)". Minnesota Biographical Dictionary. St. Clair Shores, MI: Somerset Publishers. 2000. p. 124–126. ISBN 978-0-403-09674-9. OCLC 44031731 – via Internet Archive.
  39. "Millions of Cats by Wanda Gág". The Wild Place. Richland County Public Library. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  40. "Public Domain Day 2024 | Duke University School of Law". web.law.duke.edu.
  41. Popova, Maria (July 8, 2014). "The Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework: A Proto-Feminist Children's Book from 1935". The Marginalian. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  42. Wolfe, Humbert (December 5, 1937). "Golden Lads and Lasses: A Shelf of Fairy-Books". The Observer. No. 7, 645. London: Guardian and Manchester Evening News Ltd. p. 17. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved January 18, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ James 2002, pp. 169–171.
  44. Winnan 1993, pp. 71–73.
  45. Anderson, Phil (June 29, 2021). "Gág, Wanda (1893–1946)". MNopedia. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  46. Dobbs, Rose (November–December 1935). ""ALL CREATION": Wanda Gag and Her Family". The Horn Book. 11 (6). Boston, MA, US: The Bookshop for Boys and Girls, Women's Educational and Industrial Union: 367–373. ISSN 2693-5120. OCLC 614950421 – via Internet Archive.
  47. "The ABC Bunny". University of Minnesota Press. March 10, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  48. Fuller 1977, pp. 96–97.
  49. Winnan 1993, pp. 9, 44, 55, 61.
  50. L'Enfant 2002, p. 165.
  51. "IN TRIBUTE TO WANDA GAG". The Horn Book. 23 (3). Boston, MA, US: The Bookshop for Boys and Girls, Women's Educational and Industrial Union. May–June 1947. ISSN 2693-5120. OCLC 614950421 – via Internet Archive.
  52. Wanda Gág House, accessed June 2012
  53. Blakey, Scott (March 11, 1993). "DUVALL STRIKES AGAIN WITH 'BEDTIME STORIES'". Chicago Tribune. Los Angeles Times Syndicate. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
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Wanda Gág
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