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{{short description|American politician (1900-1974)}} {{short description|53rd Governor of Maryland (1900-1974)}}
{{Infobox officeholder {{Infobox officeholder
|image = File:MarylandGovnr (cropped).jpg |image = File:MarylandGovnr (cropped).jpg
|caption = |caption = McKeldin in 1951
|birth_name = Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin |birth_name = Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin
|birth_date = {{birth date|1900|11|20|mf=y}} |birth_date = {{birth date|1900|11|20|mf=y}}
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'''Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin''' (November 20, 1900{{spaced ndash}}August 10, 1974) was an American politician. He was a member of the ], served as ] twice, from 1943 to 1947 and again from 1963 to 1967. McKeldin was the ] from 1951 to 1959.<ref name="archives1">{{cite web |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001484/html/msa01484.html |title=Theodore R. McKeldin (1900-1974) ''Biographical Series''; Governor of Maryland, 1951-1959 (Republican)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 9 November 2001|website= Archives of Maryland, MSA SC 3520-1484|publisher= Maryland State Government|access-date= 11 September 2018}}</ref><ref name=archives2>{{cite book |last=White, Jr. |first=Frank F.|date=1970|title=The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001484/html/1484extbio.html |location=Annapolis|publisher=The Hall of Records Commission|pages=285–291|isbn=978-0942370010|access-date= 11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Your Maryland A History|author=Vera Foster Rollo|page=387}}</ref> '''Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin''' (November 20, 1900{{spaced ndash}}August 10, 1974) was an American politician. A member of the ], McKeldin served as ] twice, from 1943 to 1947 and again from 1963 to 1967, and as ] from 1951 to 1959.<ref name="archives1">{{cite web |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001484/html/msa01484.html |title=Theodore R. McKeldin (1900-1974) ''Biographical Series''; Governor of Maryland, 1951-1959 (Republican)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 9 November 2001|website= Archives of Maryland, MSA SC 3520-1484|publisher= Maryland State Government|access-date= 11 September 2018}}</ref><ref name=archives2>{{cite book |last=White |first=Frank F. Jr.|date=1970|title=The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001484/html/1484extbio.html |location=Annapolis|publisher=The Hall of Records Commission|pages=285–291|isbn=978-0942370010|access-date= 11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Your Maryland A History|author=Vera Foster Rollo|page=387}}</ref>


==Early life== ==Early life==
McKeldin was born in ]. His father had worked as a stonecutter and later was a ]. He had 10 other siblings. McKeldin attended the noted academic all-male third oldest public high school in America at ] at night in the "Evening High School of Baltimore" program by the ] while working as a bank clerk during the day. The City College was then located at the southwest corner of North Howard and West Centre Streets since 1875, then in the late 1910s when McKeldin attended until it moved in 1928. He graduated later from the ] at the ] of the University of Maryland in ] in 1925, and passed into the Maryland Bar. Two years later, he began his political ascent when worked as a secretary to Mayor ] (1870–1953, served two terms as mayor, 1919–1923 and 1927–1931), one of the few ] mayors of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bal-bs-mckeldin4-20041222-photo.html|title=Theodore R. McKeldin, 1951–1959|access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> McKeldin was also a vice president of the local chapter of the ]. In 1934, he was a founding member of ], a charity organization started during the "]" of the 1930s to support children in need, showing his early sense of social consciousness. McKeldin was born in ] as one of eleven children. His father had worked as a stonecutter and later was a ]. McKeldin attended high school at ] in the evenings while working as a bank clerk during the day. He later graduated from the ] at the ], and was admitted to the Maryland bar.

Two years later, he began his political ascent when worked as a secretary to Mayor ], one of few ] mayors of the predominantly ] city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bal-bs-mckeldin4-20041222-photo.html|title=Theodore R. McKeldin, 1951–1959|access-date=17 December 2015 |last1=Sun |first1=Baltimore }}</ref> McKeldin also served as vice president of the local chapter of the ]. In 1934, he co-founded the charity ].


==Political career== ==Political career==
McKeldin challenged the ] incumbent ], ], in the municipal election of 1939, but McKeldin was defeated in the election. He went on challenging incumbent ] in the ] three years later - ] in the state election of 1942, and again was defeated at the polls in this heavily leaning Democratic controlled state. McKeldin challenged Democratic ] ] in the 1939 election, but was defeated. He subsequently challenged the incumbent ], Democrat ], in ], but lost by five points.

McKeldin would ultimately be elected mayor of Baltimore in 1943 on his second attempt. During his first term, he oversaw the construction of Friendship Airport, now ], in ]. McKeldin ran for governor again in ], challenging ], but was defeated again by a wider margin than in 1942.


⚫ McKeldin ran for governor a third time in 1950, defeating Lane in a rematch. As governor, McKeldin endeavored to improve the state highway system by establishing the ] (now Interstate 695), the ] (Interstate 495), and the ] portion of ]. He was a staunch supporter of interstate cooperation, saying once: "I rode by train over several state borders. I carried no passports. No one asked me to identify myself. No one had the right to. This is America." He was also an advocate for ] for ], and received the ] for his pro-civil rights efforts.<ref name=MHS></ref> He was also a supporter of Israel.
McKeldin persisted, and he was elected mayor of Baltimore in 1943. As mayor, he oversaw the construction of ], (since renamed ]). However, Baltimore saw hard times during this period following the ], with the inner city decaying, ]s forming, and ] still present in government policy-making. McKeldin ran a second time for governor in 1946, challenging ], but was defeated yet again.


In 1952, McKeldin was a major figure among moderate Republicans who ] for ] to receive the Republican nomination for President, and would deliver the principal nominating speech for Eisenhower at the ] in ].
⚫ McKeldin ran for governor a third time in 1950, successfully defeating Lane in a rematch. As governor, McKeldin endeavored to improve the state highway system, namely by establishing the ] (now I-695), the ] (I-495), and the ] (US&nbsp;50 between ], and the state capital at ]). He was a staunch supporter of interstate cooperation, saying once: "I rode by ] over several state borders. I carried no passports. No one asked me to identify myself. No one had the right to. This is America." He was also an advocate for ] for ]s, as well as a supporter of Israel and was awarded the ].<ref name=MHS></ref>


In ], McKeldin was re-elected governor against ] of the ] ], who had controversially resisted desegregating the university. After his second term in ], McKeldin returned to his law practice in Baltimore; he was succeeded as Governor by Democrat ].
In 1952 McKeldin was a major figure in the moderate Republicans of the East Coast who were instrumental in gaining the Republican nomination for president for former five-star General and ] Commander in Europe and later briefly president of ] in New York City - ] of Kansas. Speaking in the stentorian tones that were common for the time, McKeldin delivered the principal nominating speech for the former general at the July ] in ].


In 1954, he was re-elected against Democratic nominee former "Terrapins" football player and coach becoming ] ] ] by 54.46% to 45.54% who had attracted white segregationist support for his resistance to Black student enrollment at UMD. After his second term in Government House, McKeldin retired in 1959 from the governorship and returned to his law practice in Baltimore, succeeded by lower Eastern Shore Democrat ] of ]. Four years later ], he returned to public service after again being elected to a second non-consecutive term once again as mayor of his beloved hometown of Baltimore, focusing on the ] of the ]. In 1964, McKeldin decided to support Democratic candidate ] over conservative Republican ] in the presidential election due to Goldwater's voting against the ].<ref>Baltimore GOP Mayor Says Goldwater Made Tacit Deal for Extremist Help; The Harvard Crimson, November 9, 1965</ref>He saw the city council vote to condemn 700 homes of the Rosemont neighborhood in 1966 to build the East West Expressway "Highway to nowhere" that he started as a project with ] in 1941.<ref>{{cite book|title=Baltimore '68 : Riots and Rebirth in an American City|author=Elfenbein, Jessica, Hollowak, Thomas L., Nix, Elizabeth|page=62}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/pressreleases/100910.asp|title=Governor O'Malley Breaks Ground on Removal of West Baltimore's 'Highway to Nowhere' MARC Station improvement plan reunites West Baltimore communities|access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref> McKeldin served his second term as mayor until 1967. In ], McKeldin returned to public service after being narrowly elected to a second non-consecutive term as mayor of Baltimore. In his second term, his administration focused on the ] of the city's ]. In 1964, he decided to support Democratic candidate ] over Republican ] in the ], due to Goldwater's opposition to the ].<ref>Baltimore GOP Mayor Says Goldwater Made Tacit Deal for Extremist Help; The Harvard Crimson, November 9, 1965</ref> In 1966, the city council voted to condemn and demolish 700 homes in the ] neighborhood to build the ] "highway to nowhere" that McKeldin had conceived with urban planner ] in 1941.<ref>{{cite book|title=Baltimore '68 : Riots and Rebirth in an American City|author=Elfenbein, Jessica, Hollowak, Thomas L., Nix, Elizabeth|page=62}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/pressreleases/100910.asp|title=Governor O'Malley Breaks Ground on Removal of West Baltimore's 'Highway to Nowhere' MARC Station improvement plan reunites West Baltimore communities|access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref> McKeldin's second term as mayor ended in 1967, and he did not seek re-election.


To date, McKeldin is the last Republican mayor of Baltimore; indeed, he is the last Republican mayoral candidate to win even 25 percent of the vote. He is the first of only two Republican governors in Maryland to be re-elected, the other being ], who was reelected in 2018. McKeldin remains the last Republican mayor of Baltimore to date; indeed, he is the last Republican mayoral candidate to win even one-third of the vote in the city. He was the first Republican governor of Maryland to be re-elected, and the only one until ] was re-elected in ].


==Personal== ==Personal life==
McKeldin married Honolulu Claire Manzer on October 17, 1924. They had two children, Theodore Jr. (born 1937) and Clara (1939–2005).<ref>"". '']''. October 20, 2005.</ref> Clara's widower is Peter Ziegler, brother of actress ]; their son Bryan (1979–2022) practiced law in ] and twice ran for city council.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bryan Ziegler Obituary (1979 - 2022)|date=April 23, 2022|work=]|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sandiegouniontribune/name/bryan-ziegler-obituary?id=34406967}}</ref><ref>Tash, Joe (October 10, 2014). "". '']''.</ref>
Theodore McKeldin was born in ], attending Maryland public schools and later graduating from ]. He furthered his education by earning his law degree from the ] in 1925 and with some graduate work at ]. McKeldin married Honolulu Claire Manzer on October 17, 1924. They had two children, Theodore Jr. and Clara.


He died on August 10, 1974, and is buried in ]. McKeldin died on August 10, 1974, and is buried in ] in Baltimore.


==Dedications== ==Dedications==
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* Theodore McKeldin Gymnasium at ] * Theodore McKeldin Gymnasium at ]
*McKeldin Building at ] *McKeldin Building at ]
*McKeldin Beltway, though still widely known as the Baltimore Beltway or ] *McKeldin Beltway (])
*McKeldin Area, ] *McKeldin Area, ]
*McKeldin Planetarium at ] *McKeldin Planetarium at ]
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* {{Internet Archive film clip|id=gov.archives.arc.95700|description="Longines Chronoscope with Theodore K. McKelden (SIC) (September 17, 1951)"}} * {{Internet Archive film clip|id=gov.archives.arc.95700|description="Longines Chronoscope with Theodore K. McKelden (SIC) (September 17, 1951)"}}
* {{Internet Archive film clip|id=gov.archives.arc.95795|description="Longines Chronoscope with Theodore R. McKeldin (November 7, 1952)"}} * {{Internet Archive film clip|id=gov.archives.arc.95795|description="Longines Chronoscope with Theodore R. McKeldin (November 7, 1952)"}}
* {{C-SPAN|108232}}


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Latest revision as of 14:50, 2 January 2025

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53rd Governor of Maryland (1900-1974)
Theodore McKeldin
McKeldin in 1951
53rd Governor of Maryland
In office
January 10, 1951 – January 14, 1959
Preceded byWilliam Preston Lane Jr.
Succeeded byJ. Millard Tawes
40th Mayor of Baltimore
In office
May 19, 1963 – December 1967
Preceded byPhilip H. Goodman
Succeeded byThomas D'Alesandro III
In office
May 16, 1943 – May 16, 1947
Preceded byHoward W. Jackson
Succeeded byThomas D'Alesandro Jr.
Personal details
BornTheodore Roosevelt McKeldin
(1900-11-20)November 20, 1900
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
DiedAugust 10, 1974(1974-08-10) (aged 73)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Resting placeGreen Mount Cemetery
Baltimore, Maryland
Political partyRepublican
SpouseHonolulu Manzer
Children2
Alma materUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore (LLB)
Signature

Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin (November 20, 1900 – August 10, 1974) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, McKeldin served as mayor of Baltimore twice, from 1943 to 1947 and again from 1963 to 1967, and as Governor of Maryland from 1951 to 1959.

Early life

McKeldin was born in Baltimore as one of eleven children. His father had worked as a stonecutter and later was a Baltimore City police officer. McKeldin attended high school at Baltimore City College in the evenings while working as a bank clerk during the day. He later graduated from the University of Maryland Law School at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, and was admitted to the Maryland bar.

Two years later, he began his political ascent when worked as a secretary to Mayor William F. Broening, one of few Republican mayors of the predominantly Democratic city. McKeldin also served as vice president of the local chapter of the U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce. In 1934, he co-founded the charity Santa Claus Anonymous.

Political career

McKeldin challenged Democratic mayor of Baltimore Howard W. Jackson in the 1939 election, but was defeated. He subsequently challenged the incumbent governor of Maryland, Democrat Herbert R. O'Conor, in 1942, but lost by five points.

McKeldin would ultimately be elected mayor of Baltimore in 1943 on his second attempt. During his first term, he oversaw the construction of Friendship Airport, now Baltimore-Washington International Airport, in Anne Arundel County. McKeldin ran for governor again in 1946, challenging William Preston Lane Jr., but was defeated again by a wider margin than in 1942.

McKeldin ran for governor a third time in 1950, defeating Lane in a rematch. As governor, McKeldin endeavored to improve the state highway system by establishing the Baltimore Beltway (now Interstate 695), the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495), and the John Hanson Highway portion of U.S. Route 50. He was a staunch supporter of interstate cooperation, saying once: "I rode by train over several state borders. I carried no passports. No one asked me to identify myself. No one had the right to. This is America." He was also an advocate for civil rights for African Americans, and received the Sidney Hollander Award for his pro-civil rights efforts. He was also a supporter of Israel.

In 1952, McKeldin was a major figure among moderate Republicans who campaigned for Dwight D. Eisenhower to receive the Republican nomination for President, and would deliver the principal nominating speech for Eisenhower at the 1952 Republican National Convention in Chicago.

In 1954, McKeldin was re-elected governor against president of the University of Maryland, College Park Harry C. "Curley" Byrd, who had controversially resisted desegregating the university. After his second term in Government House, McKeldin returned to his law practice in Baltimore; he was succeeded as Governor by Democrat J. Millard Tawes.

In 1963, McKeldin returned to public service after being narrowly elected to a second non-consecutive term as mayor of Baltimore. In his second term, his administration focused on the urban renewal of the city's Inner Harbor. In 1964, he decided to support Democratic candidate Lyndon B. Johnson over Republican Barry M. Goldwater in the presidential election, due to Goldwater's opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1966, the city council voted to condemn and demolish 700 homes in the Rosemont neighborhood to build the Interstate 170 "highway to nowhere" that McKeldin had conceived with urban planner Robert Moses in 1941. McKeldin's second term as mayor ended in 1967, and he did not seek re-election.

McKeldin remains the last Republican mayor of Baltimore to date; indeed, he is the last Republican mayoral candidate to win even one-third of the vote in the city. He was the first Republican governor of Maryland to be re-elected, and the only one until Larry Hogan was re-elected in 2018.

Personal life

McKeldin married Honolulu Claire Manzer on October 17, 1924. They had two children, Theodore Jr. (born 1937) and Clara (1939–2005). Clara's widower is Peter Ziegler, brother of actress Karen Black; their son Bryan (1979–2022) practiced law in San Diego County and twice ran for city council.

McKeldin died on August 10, 1974, and is buried in Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore.

Dedications

References

  1. "Theodore R. McKeldin (1900-1974) Biographical Series; Governor of Maryland, 1951-1959 (Republican)". Archives of Maryland, MSA SC 3520-1484. Maryland State Government. 9 November 2001. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  2. White, Frank F. Jr. (1970). The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970. Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission. pp. 285–291. ISBN 978-0942370010. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  3. Vera Foster Rollo. Your Maryland A History. p. 387.
  4. Sun, Baltimore. "Theodore R. McKeldin, 1951–1959". Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  5. Maryland Historical Society: Sidney Hollander Collection 1926–1972
  6. Baltimore GOP Mayor Says Goldwater Made Tacit Deal for Extremist Help; The Harvard Crimson, November 9, 1965
  7. Elfenbein, Jessica, Hollowak, Thomas L., Nix, Elizabeth. Baltimore '68 : Riots and Rebirth in an American City. p. 62.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. "Governor O'Malley Breaks Ground on Removal of West Baltimore's 'Highway to Nowhere' MARC Station improvement plan reunites West Baltimore communities". Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  9. "Clara Ziegler Obituary". The Washington Post. October 20, 2005.
  10. "Bryan Ziegler Obituary (1979 - 2022)". The San Diego Union-Tribune. April 23, 2022.
  11. Tash, Joe (October 10, 2014). "Encinitas council candidate Ziegler cites law experience". Encinitas Advocate.

General references

External links

Political offices
Preceded byHoward W. Jackson Mayor of Baltimore
1943–1947 		Succeeded byThomas D'Alesandro Jr.
Preceded byWilliam Preston Lane Jr. Governor of Maryland
1951–1959 		Succeeded byJ. Millard Tawes
Preceded byPhilip H. Goodman Mayor of Baltimore
1963–1967 		Succeeded byThomas D'Alesandro III
Party political offices
Preceded byHarry Nice Republican nominee for Governor of Maryland
1942, 1946, 1950, 1954 		Succeeded byJames Devereux
Governors of Maryland
Provincial (1632–1776)
State (since 1776)
  • Italics indicate acting officeholders
Mayors of Baltimore
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