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| {{Infobox cat breed | |||
| | image = Longhaired Calico Cat.jpg | |||
| | imagecaption = A long-haired adult ] | |||
| | altname = {{unbulleted list|Domestic Longhair (DLH)|House Cat, Longhair (HCL)|Longhair Household Pet}} | |||
| | nickname = Long-haired moggie | |||
| | landrace = y | |||
| | notrecognised = y | |||
| | note = Like the ], this is not a breed, but a non-breed classification of mixed-breed cats. | |||
| }} | |||
| A '''domestic long-haired cat''' is a ] of mixed ancestry – thus not belonging to any particular recognized ] – possessing a ] of semi-long to long ]. Domestic long-haired cats should not be confused with the ], ], or other breeds with "Longhair" names, which are ] defined by various registries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/domestic-shorthair-cat-facts/|title=Domestic Shorthair Cat Facts|access-date=2022-02-03}}</ref> Other generic terms are '''long-haired house cat''' and, in ], '''long-haired moggie'''. Domestic long-haired cats are the third most common type of cat in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rover.com/blog/americas-most-popular-cat-breeds/|title=America’s Most Popular Cat Breeds|access-date=2022-02-03}}</ref> | |||
| {{R with history}} | |||
| == Description == | |||
| In the ], and among ]s and ] agencies, domestic long-haired cats may be classified with organisation-specific terminology (often capitalized), such as '''Domestic Longhair''' ('''DLH'''), '''House Cat, Longhair''' ('''HCL'''),<ref name="FIFe1">{{cite web |url=http://fifeweb.org/wp/breeds/breeds_prf_stn.php |title=Breed Standards |year=2013 |work=FIFeWeb.org |publisher=] (FIFe) |location=Luxembourg |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-date=18 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218232042/http://fifeweb.org/wp/breeds/breeds_prf_stn.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="FIFe2">{{cite web |url=http://www1.fifeweb.org/dnld/std/HCL-HCS.pdf |title=House Cat / Hauskatze / Chat de Maison |date=1 January 2013 |format=] |publisher=FIFe |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-date=1 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301055721/http://www1.fifeweb.org/dnld/std/HCL-HCS.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> or '''Semi-Longhair Household Pet'''.<ref name="WCF">{{cite web |url=http://www.wcf-online.de/WCF-EN/standard/semi-longhair/hauskatze.html |title=Semi-longhair: Household Pet |date=1 January 2010 |work=WCF-Online.de |publisher=World Cat Federation (WCF) |location=Essen, Germany |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826100829/http://wcf-online.de/WCF-EN/standard/semi-longhair/hauskatze.html |url-status=dead }} ] version: http://www.wcf-online.de/WCF-EN/library/HHP_en_2010-01-01.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093308/http://www.wcf-online.de/WCF-EN/library/HHP_en_2010-01-01.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> Such a pseudo-breed is used for registry and ]/] classification purposes, and breeds such as the Persian cat. While not bred as ]s, some mixed-breed cats are actually ] and entered into ]s that have non-purebred "Household Pet" divisions. Show rules vary; ] (FIFe) permits "any eye colour, all coat colours and patterns, any coat length or texture, and any length of tail"<ref name="FIFe2" /> (basically any healthy cat). Others may be more restrictive; an example from the ]: "The colours chocolate and cinnamon, as well as their dilution (lilac and fawn) are not recognized in any combinations... the pointed pattern is also not recognized".<ref name="WCF" /> | |||
| ] | |||
| ] ancestry, with a relatively flat nose and fine hair.]] | |||
| Domestic long-haireds come in all genetically possible cat colors including ], ], ], and ]. Domestic long-haireds can have fur that is up to six inches long. They can also have a mane similar to a ]'s, as well as toe tufts and ear tufts. Some long-haired cats are not able to maintain their own coat, which must be frequently groomed by a human or may be prone to matting.<ref></ref> Because of their wide gene pool, domestic long-haireds are not predisposed to any genetically inherited problems. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Having apparently originated in ], Domestic long-haired cats have been kept as pets around the world for several centuries. During the 16th century, the first long-haired cats were imported into Europe. In the mid-17th century, when the ] decimated much of ]'s human population, the number of cats started to recover after centuries of persecution, as they were encouraged as protectors from flea-carrying rats.<ref name="World Encyclopedia of Cats">{{cite book |title=World Encyclopedia of Cats |first=Angela |last=Sayer |pages=40–41 |publisher=Chartwell Books |location=Secaucus, New Jersey}}</ref> | |||
| How the variant developed is still a matter of speculation. The long coat may have been the result of a ]. When a long-haired cat is mated to one with a short coat, only short-haired kittens can result; however, their offspring, when mated, can produce a proportion of long-coated kittens. Successive litters of early European long-haired cats produced more and more long-coated offspring, which were more likely to survive in the cooler European climates. By the year 1521, around the time they were first documented in Italy, the variety had become fixed after only a few generations.<ref name="Domestic Cat × Pallas's Cat">{{cite web |url=http://www.macroevolution.net/felis-catus-x-felis-manul.html |title=Domestic Cat × Pallas's Cat |publisher=Macro Evolution |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref>]In the late-18th century, ] advanced the hypothesis that the ] (also known as Pallas's cat) might be the ancestor of the long-haired domestic cat.<ref name="Domestic Cat × Pallas's Cat" /> He had anecdotal evidence that established even though the male offspring would be sterile hybrids, the female offspring could again reproduce with domestic cats and pass on a small proportion of the manul's genes.<ref name="Long Haired Cats">{{cite web |url=http://messybeast.com/longhair-cats.htm |title=Long Haired Cats |year=2013 |author=Sarah Hartwell |publisher=Messy Beast |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref> In 1907, zoologist ] refuted this claim, citing his work on the skull differences between the manul and the Angoras or Persians of his time.<ref name="Long Haired Cats" /> This early hypothesis overlooked the potential for crossbreeding within the family ]. For example, the ] is a crossbreed between a ] and a wild ]—both of which have different skulls and evolutionary lineage. Furthermore, hybrid females in the related genus '']'', such as ]s and ]s, have successfully mated, producing ]s and ]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/barcrofttv/taligers-half-tiger-half-liger-cubs-born-in-usa-af4a |title=Taligers: Half Tiger Half Liger Cubs Born In USA |date=2014-04-14 |website=BuzzFeed |language=en |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Atiya|title=Okapis and litigons in London and Calcutta|journal=New Scientist|date=25 April 1985|issue=1453|pages=7}}</ref> | |||
| The first modern, formal breeds of long-haired cats were the ] and the ] (named after ]) and were said to have come from those two areas.<ref name="World Encyclopedia of Cats"/> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| {{commons category|Long-haired_cats}} | |||
| {{domestic cat}} | |||
| ] | |||
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