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| | succession = |
| succession = 'Owner' of v. Lars{{efn|name=owner|In the sources, he was mentioned as 'owner' ({{langx|ru|владелец|vladelets}}) which in ] was equivalent to a ] or ].}} | ||
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| | birth_date = | | birth_date = | ||
| | birth_place = | | birth_place = | ||
| | death_date = | | death_date = End of 16th century | ||
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| | mother = | | mother = | ||
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| '''Sultan-Murza''' or '''Saltan-Murza'''{{efn|{{ |
'''Sultan-Murza''' or '''Saltan-Murza'''{{efn|{{langx|inh|Солтмарз|Soltmarz}};{{sfn|Dolgieva|Kartoev|Kodzoev|Matiev|2013|pp=17, 198}} {{langx|ru|Султан-Мурза/Салтан-Мурза}}.{{indent}}{{*}}Also known as '''Saltan ''Larsinskiy'''''.{{sfn|Magomadova|Litvinenko|2008|p=13}}}} (died at end of 16th century) was an ] feudal lord{{efn|name=owner}} who controlled the ] and the village located in it, {{ill|Lars (village)|lt=Lars|ru|Нижний Ларс}}. In 1589, he swore allegiance to the ] ] ] as part of the ] embassy, therefore becoming subordinated to the ]. | ||
| == Biography == | == Biography == | ||
| === Connections with Shikh-Murza === | |||
| Because of the words of Sultan-Murza that Shikh-Murza Okotsky was his "brother", some researchers made the erroneous conclusion that Sultan-Murza's father is Ushar-Murza (Shikh-Murza's father) and, therefore, that they both "Okuki". However, calling another feudal owner equal in status a brother was a common practice of that era; even warring kings called each other brothers. That is why Sultan-Murza speaks of brotherhood in order to emphasize that his own status is higher than that of the Uzdens, that is, that he is not an Uzden, but the same feudal owner as Shikh-Murza.{{sfn|Сампиев|2014|pages=92—93}} | |||
| === Background === | |||
| Researcher E. N. Kusheva drew attention to the fact that Saltan-Murza called Shikh-Murza Okotsky "brother", but she did not come to literal conclusions, and therefore writes: “Let me remind you that in the article list of Prince S. Zvenigorodsky Saltan-Murza calls Shikh-Murza Okotsky his brother. The Vyappian origin of Saltan-Murza and the population of Lars of that period has been proven in historical science and does not need an argument in the form of a conditional assumption about his “blood relations” with Shikh-Murza. Taking into account this circumstance, E.N. Kushev, leads this turn of speech precisely as a feudal "brotherhood".{{sfn|Сампиев|2014|pages=92—93}} | |||
| Based on the assertion that Sultan-Murza called {{ill|Shikh Murza|ru|Ших Окоцкий}} "brother", historians like {{ill|Nataliya Volkova|ru|Волкова, Наталия Георгиевна}} concluded that he was of ] stock, in this case, of ] stock as until the 18th century, the ] was inhabited by the Ingush.{{sfn|Aliev|Mirzabekov|2021|p=18}} Number of other historians also mentioned him as Ingush.{{sfn|Vinogradov|Magomadova|1981|p=54}}{{sfn|''Istoriya narodov Severnogo Kavkaza''|1988|p=521}} In other words, Sultan-Murza was a representative of the ethnic group referred in the Old Russian sources as the '']'' (]).{{sfn|Magomadova|Litvinenko|2008|p=13}} | |||
| === Appearance in the Russian Reports === | |||
| After ] received different gifts like a royal charter, Sultan-Murza requested Russian citizenship from Russian officials. The village of Lars had a strategic position, controlling an important section of the road in the Darial Gorge. Sultan-Murza, motivating his desire to enter into Russian citizenship, stated: "I want to serve the sovereign in my own way death, as my brother Shikh-Murza Okotskiy."{{sfn|Dolgieva|Arapkhanova|Yandieva|2020|p=26}} In 1589, Sultan-Murza swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar ] as part of the Georgian embassy sent to ].{{sfn|Gutnov|2005}} | |||
| Sultan-Murza's position was very difficult in region as he was in middle of the most important point in military and trade relations. Therefore, he was (mainly) pressed by lowland feudal lords of ] and ] who had superior military force.{{sfn|Dolgieva|Arapkhanova|Yandieva|2020|p=26}} | |||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| {{notelist}} | {{notelist}} | ||
| {{reflist|group=n}} | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| Line 46: | Line 51: | ||
| === Russian sources === | === Russian sources === | ||
| {{refbegin}} | {{refbegin}} | ||
| * {{Cite periodical|last1=Aliev|first1=B. G.|last2=Mirzabekov|first2=M. Ya.|year=2021|url=|title=Об этнической идентификации ококов и Ших-Мурзы Окоцкого|trans-title=|periodical=Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra|language=ru|location=]|publisher=In-t istorii, arkheologii, etnografii DFITS RAN|issue=83|pages=17–24|doi=10.31029/vestdnc83/3}} | |||
| ⚫ | * {{Cite book|last1= |
||
| ⚫ | * {{Cite book|last1=Dolgieva|first1=M. B. |last2=Kartoev|first2=M. M.|last3=Kodzoev|first3=N. D.|last4=Matiev|first4=T. Kh. |year=2013|editor-last=Kodzoev|editor-first=N. D. |display-editors=etal |url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/istoriya-ingushetii-otv-red-kodzoev-n-d-2013/ |title=История Ингушетии|trans-title=History of Ingushetia|edition=4th|location=]|publisher=Yuzhnyy izdatelsky dom|pages=1–600|isbn=978-5-98864-056-1}} | ||
| * {{Cite journal|last=Гутнов|first=Ф. Х.|year=2005|url=http://www.darial-online.ru/2005_4/gutnov.shtml|title=Россия и Центральный Кавказ в XVI—XVII вв..|trans-title=Russia and the Central Caucasus in the XVI—XVII centuries|journal=Дарьял|language=ru|issue=4}} | |||
| * {{Cite book|last1=Dolgieva|first1=M. B.|last2=Arapkhanova|first2=L. Y.|last3=Yandieva|first3=U. T.|year=2020|chapter=Ингушетия в контексте внешней и внутренней политики России в XVI-XXI вв..|trans-chapter=Ingushetia in the context of Russian foreign and domestic policy in the 16th-21st centuries|title=250 лет единения Ингушетии с Россией: Время, события, люди: Сборник научных статей по материалам международной научно-практической конференции. Магас, 2020|trans-title=250 years of unity of Ingushetia with Russia: Time, events, people: Collection of scientific articles based on materials from the international scientific and practical conference. Magas, 2020|language=ru|location=]|publisher=Kep|pages=23–30}} | |||
| ⚫ | * {{Cite book|last1= |
||
| * {{Cite |
* {{Cite journal|last=Gutnov|first=F. Kh.|year=2005|url=http://www.darial-online.ru/2005_4/gutnov.shtml|title=Россия и Центральный Кавказ в XVI—XVII вв..|trans-title=Russia and the Central Caucasus in the XVI—XVII centuries|journal=Daryal|language=ru|issue=4}} | ||
| * {{Cite book|last1= |
* {{Cite book|last1=Magomadova|first1=T.|last2=Litvinenko|first2=V.|year=2008|chapter=России служит хочу...|trans-chapter=I want to serve Russia..|editor-last1=Vinogradov|editor-first1=V. B.|editor-last2=Lukash|editor-first2=S. N.|url=https://roskav.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2008-Priyazni-dobrye-plody-izdanie-2-e-dopolnennoe.pdf|title=Приязни добрые плоды|trans-title=Sympathize good fruits|language=ru|edition=2nd|location=]|publisher=Armavirsky gos. ped. un-t|pages=12–16|isbn=978-5-93750-190-5}} | ||
| * {{Cite book|editor-last=Narochnitsky|editor-first=A. L.|display-editors=etal|year=1988|url=http://www.elbrusoid.org/library/load.php?BID=401623&FILE=150656&back_url=/library/sosedi/401623/|title=История народов Северного Кавказа (конец XVIII в. — 1917 г.)|trans-title=History of the peoples of the North Caucasus (late 18th century - 1917)|language=ru|location=]|publisher=]|pages=1–659|isbn=5-02-009408-0|ref={{harvid|''Istoriya narodov Severnogo Kavkaza''|1988}}}} | |||
| * {{Cite journal|last= |
* {{Cite journal|last=Sampiev|first=I.|year=2014|url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/akkintsy-v-daryale-i-armhinskom-uschelie-dekonstruktsiya-istoricheskogo-mifa|title=Аккинцы в Дарьяле и Армхинском Ущелье: Деконструкция Исторического Мифа|trans-title=Akkins in Darial and Armkhi Gorge: Deconstruction of the Historical Myth|journal=Kavkaz & Globalizatsiya|language=ru|volume=8|issue=3–4|pages=85–97}} | ||
| ⚫ | * {{Cite book|last1=Vinogradov|first1=V. B.|last2=Magomadova|first2=T. S.|year=1981|chapter=Две заметки о ранних русско-северокавказских связях|trans-chapter=Two Notes on Early Russo-North Caucasian Relations|editor-last1=Magometov|editor-first1=A. K.|editor-last2=Isaenko|editor-first2=A. V.|editor-last3=Totoev|editor-first3=F. V.|url=http://apsnyteka.org/file/Istoria_etnografia_i_kultura_narodov_Severnogo_Kavkaza_sbornik_1981.djvu|title=История, этнография и культура народов Северного Кавказа: межвузовский сборник статей|trans-title=History, ethnography and culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus: interuniversity collection of articles|language=ru|location=]|publisher=Severo-Oset. gos. un-t im. K. L. Khetagurova; kn. tip. Goskomizdata SOASSR|pages=45–57}} | ||
| {{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
Latest revision as of 01:52, 7 December 2024
Ingush prince from 16th century| Sultan-Murza | |
|---|---|
| 'Owner' of v. Lars | |
| Died | End of 16th century |
| Religion | Islam |
Sultan-Murza or Saltan-Murza (died at end of 16th century) was an Ingush feudal lord who controlled the Darial Gorge and the village located in it, Lars [ru]. In 1589, he swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar Feodor I as part of the Georgian embassy, therefore becoming subordinated to the Tsardom of Russia.
Biography
Background
Based on the assertion that Sultan-Murza called Shikh Murza [ru] "brother", historians like Nataliya Volkova [ru] concluded that he was of Vainakh stock, in this case, of Ingush stock as until the 18th century, the Darial Gorge was inhabited by the Ingush. Number of other historians also mentioned him as Ingush. In other words, Sultan-Murza was a representative of the ethnic group referred in the Old Russian sources as the Kalkans (Ghalghai).
Appearance in the Russian Reports
After Shikh Murza Okotskiy received different gifts like a royal charter, Sultan-Murza requested Russian citizenship from Russian officials. The village of Lars had a strategic position, controlling an important section of the road in the Darial Gorge. Sultan-Murza, motivating his desire to enter into Russian citizenship, stated: "I want to serve the sovereign in my own way death, as my brother Shikh-Murza Okotskiy." In 1589, Sultan-Murza swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar Feodor I as part of the Georgian embassy sent to Moscow.
Sultan-Murza's position was very difficult in region as he was in middle of the most important point in military and trade relations. Therefore, he was (mainly) pressed by lowland feudal lords of Tarki Shamkhalate and Kabardia who had superior military force.
Notes
- ^ In the sources, he was mentioned as 'owner' (Russian: владелец, romanized: vladelets) which in old Russian was equivalent to a prince or murza.
- Ingush: Солтмарз, romanized: Soltmarz; Russian: Султан-Мурза/Салтан-Мурза.
• Also known as Saltan Larsinskiy.
References
- Dolgieva et al. 2013, pp. 17, 198.
- ^ Magomadova & Litvinenko 2008, p. 13.
- Aliev & Mirzabekov 2021, p. 18.
- Vinogradov & Magomadova 1981, p. 54.
- Istoriya narodov Severnogo Kavkaza 1988, p. 521.
- ^ Dolgieva, Arapkhanova & Yandieva 2020, p. 26.
- Gutnov 2005.
Bibliography
Russian sources
- Aliev, B. G.; Mirzabekov, M. Ya. (2021). "Об этнической идентификации ококов и Ших-Мурзы Окоцкого". Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra (in Russian). No. 83. Makhachkala: In-t istorii, arkheologii, etnografii DFITS RAN. pp. 17–24. doi:10.31029/vestdnc83/3.
- Dolgieva, M. B.; Kartoev, M. M.; Kodzoev, N. D.; Matiev, T. Kh. (2013). Kodzoev, N. D.; et al. (eds.). История Ингушетии [History of Ingushetia] (4th ed.). Rostov-Na-Donu: Yuzhnyy izdatelsky dom. pp. 1–600. ISBN 978-5-98864-056-1.
- Dolgieva, M. B.; Arapkhanova, L. Y.; Yandieva, U. T. (2020). "Ингушетия в контексте внешней и внутренней политики России в XVI-XXI вв.." [Ingushetia in the context of Russian foreign and domestic policy in the 16th-21st centuries]. 250 лет единения Ингушетии с Россией: Время, события, люди: Сборник научных статей по материалам международной научно-практической конференции. Магас, 2020 [250 years of unity of Ingushetia with Russia: Time, events, people: Collection of scientific articles based on materials from the international scientific and practical conference. Magas, 2020] (in Russian). Nazran: Kep. pp. 23–30.
- Gutnov, F. Kh. (2005). "Россия и Центральный Кавказ в XVI—XVII вв." [Russia and the Central Caucasus in the XVI—XVII centuries]. Daryal (in Russian) (4).
- Magomadova, T.; Litvinenko, V. (2008). "России служит хочу..." [I want to serve Russia..]. In Vinogradov, V. B.; Lukash, S. N. (eds.). Приязни добрые плоды [Sympathize good fruits] (PDF) (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Armariv: Armavirsky gos. ped. un-t. pp. 12–16. ISBN 978-5-93750-190-5.
- Narochnitsky, A. L.; et al., eds. (1988). История народов Северного Кавказа (конец XVIII в. — 1917 г.) [History of the peoples of the North Caucasus (late 18th century - 1917)] (in Russian). Moskva: Nauka. pp. 1–659. ISBN 5-02-009408-0.
- Sampiev, I. (2014). "Аккинцы в Дарьяле и Армхинском Ущелье: Деконструкция Исторического Мифа" [Akkins in Darial and Armkhi Gorge: Deconstruction of the Historical Myth]. Kavkaz & Globalizatsiya (in Russian). 8 (3–4): 85–97.
- Vinogradov, V. B.; Magomadova, T. S. (1981). "Две заметки о ранних русско-северокавказских связях" [Two Notes on Early Russo-North Caucasian Relations]. In Magometov, A. K.; Isaenko, A. V.; Totoev, F. V. (eds.). История, этнография и культура народов Северного Кавказа: межвузовский сборник статей [History, ethnography and culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus: interuniversity collection of articles] (in Russian). Vladikavkaz: Severo-Oset. gos. un-t im. K. L. Khetagurova; kn. tip. Goskomizdata SOASSR. pp. 45–57.