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| image3 = 中国山东省滕州市界河镇鲁班圣祖坊.jpg
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| population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016|url=http://www.stats-sd.gov.cn/tjnj/nj2016/indexch.htm|website=www.stats-sd.gov.cn}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = ]
| demographics2_info1 = ] 240&nbsp;billion<br />] 36.3&nbsp;billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 61,226<br />US$ 9,252
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{{Infobox Chinese|psp=Tsaochwang|s=枣庄|t=棗莊|w=Tsao<sup>3</sup>-chuang<sup>1</sup>|p=Zǎozhuāng}} {{Infobox Chinese|psp=Tsaochwang|s=枣庄|t=棗莊|w=Tsao<sup>3</sup>-chuang<sup>1</sup>|p=Zǎozhuāng}}
'''Zaozhuang''' ({{zh|s=枣庄 |t=棗莊 |p=Zǎozhuāng}}) is a ] in the south of ] province, People's Republic of China. Since January 2019 (after the ] prefecture got incorporated into ] prefecture), the smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders ] to the west and north, ] to the east, and the province of ] to the south. The ] occurred in the city during the ] in 1938. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) had a significant impact on Zaozhuang.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-18|title=The Second Sino-Japanese War|url=https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/sino-japanese-war/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Chinese Revolution|language=en-US}}</ref> '''Zaozhuang''' ({{lang-zh|s=枣庄 |t=棗莊 |p=Zǎozhuāng}}) is a ] in the south of ] province, People's Republic of China. Since January 2019 (after the ] prefecture got incorporated into ] prefecture), the smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders ] to the west and north, ] to the east, and the province of ] to the south. The ] occurred in the city during the ] in 1938. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) had a significant impact on Zaozhuang.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-18|title=The Second Sino-Japanese War|url=https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/sino-japanese-war/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Chinese Revolution|language=en-US}}</ref>


Archaeologists have found evidence of human activities in this region dating back to the Neolithic era. Its culture started from 7300 years ago of ancestor culture, and developed to city-state culture 4300 years ago, then evolved to canal culture 2700 years ago, and finally stepped to industrial culture 130 years ago. Archaeologists have found evidence of human activities in this region dating back to the ] era. Its culture started from 7300 years ago of ancestor culture, and developed to city-state culture 4300 years ago, then evolved to canal culture 2700 years ago, and finally stepped to industrial culture 130 years ago.


Its population is 3,855,601 at the 2020 census whom 975,539 in the built-up area made of ] and ] districts. As of the end of 2022, the permanent population of Zaozhuang City is 3.8297 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development of Zaozhuang City in 2022 (Chinese) |url=http://stjj.zaozhuang.gov.cn/xwzx/tjgb/202303/t20230328_1636489.html?eqid=aba9f9620001944f000000046427f5e6 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=stjj.zaozhuang.gov.cn}}</ref> As of the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, the permanent population will be 3.8098 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024年山东省枣庄市常住户籍人口第七次人口普查和历史人口数据 年龄金字塔结构 民族组成情况-红黑人口库 |url=https://www.hongheiku.com/shandong/341.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.hongheiku.com}}</ref>
Its population is 3,855,601 at the 2020 census whom 975,539 in the built-up area made of ] and ] districts.

At present, Zaozhuang has gradually grown into one of the important bases of China's lithium battery industry, known as the "Lithium Battery Capital in Northern China".<ref name=":0" />


==History== ==History==
] ]
During the Xia Dynasty, the south of Zaozhuang was the Kingdom of Zu, and the north and northwest were the Kingdom of Teng and Xue. Later, the name was changed several times. In the Ming Dynasty, Teng County was established in the north and Yizhou was established in the south. Later, Yizhou was reduced to a county.<ref>{{Cite web |title=山东省枣庄市历史文化_新浪军事_新浪网 |url=http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2005-12-03/1109335084.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=mil.news.sina.com.cn}}</ref>
⚫ The history of Zaozhuang is closely linked to the canal. According to archaeological discoveries, the earliest canal in the territory, the Qianyang Canal, was excavated in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Zaozhuang section of the ] was excavated in the 32nd year of Ming Wanli (1604), flowing through the city's Taierzhuang, Yucheng, Xuecheng and Tengzhou, with a total length of 93.9 kilometers, from Xiazhen Lijiagang to Zhangzhou. The estuary enters the Yellow River, because the Weihe River is the main supplementary water source. Its opening has changed the situation that the Beijing-Hangzhou Expressway is unreasonable due to the flooding of the Yellow River. For hundreds of years, it has played an important role in the transportation of Nanliangbei, material circulation and cultural exchange. The continuity of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal also promotes economic prosperity along the canal area. Taierzhuang along the coast has rapidly developed into a “lunan town”, and “Yixian County” records: “Taierzhuangtun Canal, merchants are convinced, Tianyibi, and Xuyi is also a city.” The gathering of merchants brings cultural blending, Taierzhuang The ancient city has also become a typical representative of the canal culture. It has the most distinctive features of the blending of north and south cultures on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the combination of Chinese and Western cultures.

⚫ The history of Zaozhuang is closely linked to the canal. According to archaeological discoveries, the earliest canal in the territory, the Qianyang Canal, was excavated in the Spring and Autumn period. The Zaozhuang section of the ] was excavated in the 32nd year of Ming Wanli (1604), flowing through the city's Taierzhuang, Yucheng, Xuecheng and Tengzhou, with a total length of 93.9 kilometers, from Xiazhen Lijiagang to Zhangzhou. The estuary enters the Yellow River, because the Weihe River is the main supplementary water source. Its opening has changed the situation that the Beijing-Hangzhou Expressway is unreasonable due to the flooding of the Yellow River. For hundreds of years, it has played an important role in the transportation of Nanliangbei, material circulation and cultural exchange. The continuity of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal also promotes economic prosperity along the canal area. Taierzhuang along the coast has rapidly developed into a “lunan town”, and “Yixian County” records: “Taierzhuangtun Canal, merchants are convinced, Tianyibi, and Xuyi is also a city.” The gathering of merchants brings cultural blending, Taierzhuang The ancient city has also become a typical representative of the canal culture. It has the most distinctive features of the blending of north and south cultures on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the combination of Chinese and Western cultures.


Zaozhuang is a heroic city with a glorious revolutionary tradition. In the 27th year of the ] (1938), under the leadership of ], commander of the Fifth Theater, the vast Lunan area with Taierzhuang as the center of gravity and the Japanese invaders engaged in the large-scale ], considered the first Chinese victory in the ]. Two years later, in 1940, under the leadership of the ], the railway guerrillas established in Zaozhuang and the Chinese army fought bravely to defeat the Japanese invaders with guerrilla tactics. Zaozhuang is a heroic city with a glorious revolutionary tradition. In the 27th year of the ] (1938), under the leadership of ], commander of the Fifth Theater, the vast Lunan area with Taierzhuang as the center of gravity and the Japanese invaders engaged in the large-scale ], considered the first Chinese victory in the ]. Two years later, in 1940, under the leadership of the ], the railway guerrillas established in Zaozhuang and the Chinese army fought bravely to defeat the Japanese invaders with guerrilla tactics.
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==Coal-Mining History== ==Coal-Mining History==
] left after coal ore exhausted]] ] left after coal ore exhausted]]
Zaozhuang City long been important in coal-mining in China. The coal mining were developed prior to World War II, although it was severely damaged during the latter part of World War II. In 1954, the coal production brought back in production, since then it modernized the progress and connects those of Jiawang and Xuzhou in northern Jiangsu province.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zaozhuang {{!}} China|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zaozhuang|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> After years of economic restructuring and environmental remediation, Zaozhuang is now back to an eco-friendly city. Zaozhuang City long been important in ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=sina_mobile |date=2018-11-27 |title=阅城 {{!}} 枣庄：脱煤转魅，小城又东风 |url=https://sd.sina.cn/news/2018-11-27/detail-ihpevhck8870551.d.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=sd.sina.cn}}</ref> The coal mining were developed prior to World War II, although it was severely damaged during the latter part of World War II. In 1954, the coal production brought back in production, since then it modernized the progress and connects those of Jiawang and Xuzhou in northern Jiangsu province.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Zaozhuang {{!}} China|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zaozhuang|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> After years of economic restructuring and ], Zaozhuang is now back to an eco-friendly city.


==Geography== ==Geography==
], which is located at the east of Zaozhuang]] ], which is located at the east of Zaozhuang]]
Zaozhuang City is located in the southern part of the low hills of Luzhong, and belongs to the Huanghuai Plain. The terrain is high in the north, low in the south, low in the east and low in the west, and it is inclined to the northeast to the southwest. The mountain in the northern Shanting District is 620 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the city. The mountains, such as the Lianqing Mountain and the Baoji Mountain, are more than 500 meters above sea level, and the mountains are undulating and swaying in the north of the city. Holding 580 meters above sea level, it is called "the first of the seventy-two scorpions." The western lakeside and the coastal zone have the lowest terrain and flat ground, with an altitude of 30–40 meters and a minimum elevation of 24.5 meters. The topography and landforms in the territory are relatively complex, forming many types of landforms such as low mountains, hills, piedmont plains, floodplains, and lakes along the lake. The hills account for 54.6% of the total area, the plains account for 26.6% of the total area, and the depression accounts for 18.8% of the total area. Zaozhuang City is located in the southern part of the low hills of Luzhong, and belongs to the Huanghuai Plain. The terrain is high in the north, low in the south, low in the east and low in the west, and it is inclined to the northeast to the southwest. The mountain in the northern Shanting District is 620 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the city. The mountains, such as the Lianqing Mountain and the Baoji Mountain, are more than 500 meters above sea level, and the mountains are undulating and swaying in the north of the city. Holding 580 meters above sea level, it is called "the first of the seventy-two scorpions." The western lakeside and the coastal zone have the lowest terrain and flat ground, with an altitude of 30–40 meters and a minimum elevation of 24.5 meters. The topography and landforms in the territory are relatively complex, forming many types of landforms such as low mountains, hills, piedmont plains, floodplains, and lakes along the lake. The hills account for 54.6% of the total area, the plains account for 26.6% of the total area, and the depression accounts for 18.8% of the total area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=Zaozhuang Natural Environment（Chinese） |url=http://www.zzszq.gov.cn/qq/qqgk/zrhj/202005/t20200525_718424.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.zzszq.gov.cn}}</ref>


==Climate== ==Climate==
Zaozhuang belongs to the mid latitude warm temperate monsoon continental climate zone, which combines the characteristics of a warm and humid climate in the south and a dry and cold climate in the north.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-22 |title=Zaozhuang - Natural Environment（Chinese） |url=http://www.zaozhuang.gov.cn/zjzz/zzgk/zrhj/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.zaozhuang.gov.cn}}</ref> Zaozhuang with four distinct seasons, summers are long and hot and humid and winters are cold and dry, spring and autumn are short and cool and mostly dry, but air humidly is high.<ref name="枣庄市气候特点 - 山东气候">{{Cite web |title=枣庄市气候特点 - 山东气候 |url=https://sd.weather.com.cn/sdqh/gsqhtd/11/86256.shtml |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=sd.weather.com.cn}}</ref> The annual average sunshine hours in various parts of the city are generally between 2512.0 and 2768.4 hours, and the daily average throughout the year is between 6.9 and 7.6 hours.<ref name="枣庄市气候特点 - 山东气候"/>
Zaozhuang has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate, with four distinct seasons, summers are long and hot and humid and winters are cold and dry, spring and autumn are short and cool and mostly dry, but air humidly is high.
{{Weather box {{Weather box
|location = Zaozhuang (], 1981−2010 normals) |location = Zaozhuang (], 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|metric first=y |metric first=y
|single line=y |single line=y
|collapsed = Y |collapsed = Y
|Jan high C = 5.1 |Jan high C = 5.4
|Feb high C = 8.1 |Feb high C = 8.7
|Mar high C = 13.6 |Mar high C = 14.5
|Apr high C = 21.0 |Apr high C = 21.3
|May high C = 26.4 |May high C = 26.7
|Jun high C = 30.4 |Jun high C = 30.8
|Jul high C = 31.2 |Jul high C = 31.6
|Aug high C = 30.4 |Aug high C = 30.7
|Sep high C = 27.0 |Sep high C = 27.3
|Oct high C = 21.6 |Oct high C = 21.8
|Nov high C = 13.9 |Nov high C = 14.1
|Dec high C = 7.2 |Dec high C = 7.3
⚫ |Jan mean C = 0.5

|Jan mean C = 0.1 |Feb mean C = 3.4
|Feb mean C = 2.8 |Mar mean C = 8.9
|Mar mean C = 8.0 |Apr mean C = 15.5
|Apr mean C = 15.1 |May mean C = 21.1
|May mean C = 20.7 |Jun mean C = 25.3
|Jun mean C = 24.9 |Jul mean C = 27.2
|Jul mean C = 26.8 |Aug mean C = 26.4
|Aug mean C = 26.1 |Sep mean C = 22.3
|Sep mean C = 22.0 |Oct mean C = 16.3
|Oct mean C = 16.1 |Nov mean C = 8.8
|Nov mean C = 8.5 |Dec mean C = 2.3
|Dec mean C = 2.1 |Jan low C = -3.3
⚫ |Feb low C = -0.8

|Jan low C = −3.8 |Mar low C = 3.9
|Feb low C = −1.4 |Apr low C = 10.1
|Mar low C = 3.1 |May low C = 15.8
|Apr low C = 9.6 |Jun low C = 20.5
|May low C = 15.2 |Jul low C = 23.6
|Jun low C = 20.0 |Aug low C = 22.9
|Jul low C = 23.3 |Sep low C = 18.1
|Aug low C = 22.5 |Oct low C = 11.7
|Sep low C = 17.7 |Nov low C = 4.7
|Oct low C = 11.4 |Dec low C = -1.5
⚫ |Nov low C = 4.2
⚫ |Dec low C = −1.9
|Jan record high C = 16.1 |Jan record low C = -13.0 |Jan record high C = 16.1 |Jan record low C = -13.0
|Feb record high C = 23.6 |Feb record low C = -14.4 |Feb record high C = 23.6 |Feb record low C = -14.4
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|year high F = |year low F = |year high F = |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green |precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 12.2 |Jan precipitation mm = 12.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 15.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 16.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 22.6 |Mar precipitation mm = 21.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 38.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 44.5
|May precipitation mm = 69.3 |May precipitation mm = 69.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 107.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 100.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 234.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 245.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 179.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 206.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 69.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 63.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 36.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 33.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 23.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 31.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 11.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 14.9
⚫ |Jan humidity = 62
|year precipitation mm=
|Jan humidity = 61 |Feb humidity = 59
|Feb humidity = 59 |Mar humidity = 56
|Mar humidity = 57 |Apr humidity = 58
|Apr humidity = 58 |May humidity = 62
|May humidity = 62 |Jun humidity = 65
|Jun humidity = 65 |Jul humidity = 79
|Jul humidity = 79 |Aug humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 80 |Sep humidity = 71
|Sep humidity = 71 |Oct humidity = 66
|Oct humidity = 66 |Nov humidity = 67
|Nov humidity = 65 |Dec humidity = 64
⚫ |Dec humidity = 63
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.6 |Jan precipitation days = 3.6
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|Dec snow days = 1.6 |Dec snow days = 1.6
|year snow days = |year snow days =
|source 1 = ] (precipitation days, snow days, sunshine 1991–2020)<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=] |language = zh-hans |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref><ref> |source 1 = ]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=] |language = zh-hans |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=] |language = zh-hans | access-date =12 August 2023}}</ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=] |language = zh-hans | access-date =12 August 2023}}</ref>
}} }}
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==Transportation== ==Transportation==
] in Shanting, Zaozhuang]] ] in Shanting, Zaozhuang]]
Zaozhuang and Zaozhuang West are stops on both the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the ] Since 15 May 2016, the Zaolin railway (from Zaozhuang West to Linyi) has connected the city with the Yanri railway. Zaozhuang and Zaozhuang West are stops on both the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=京沪高速铁路_京沪高铁时刻表及票价查询_【高铁网】_京沪高铁线路图 |url=https://shike.gaotie.cn/jinghu/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=shike.gaotie.cn}}</ref> Since 15 May 2016, the Zaolin railway (from Zaozhuang West to Linyi) has connected the city with the Yanri railway.
Based on Shandong Province's planning, Zaozhuang will be linked with ] (to east), Heze (to west) and Jinan (to north) by the inter-city rail by 2022. Based on Shandong Province's planning, Zaozhuang will be linked with ] (to east), Heze (to west) and Jinan (to north) by the inter-city rail by 2022.


The ] also passes through Zaozhuang from north to south. The ] also passes through Zaozhuang from north to south.


Zaozhuang has already augmented whole city's transportation by bus rapid transportation (BRT). Zaozhuang City has officially become a "National Demonstration City for Bus City Construction". As of 2021, Zaozhuang Bus Rapid Transit has 10 BRT lines and 16 transfer lines and has safely operated 98 million kilometers and transported a total of 390 million passengers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title=Announcement of the Ministry of Transport on Naming 28 National Transit City Construction Demonstration Cities Including Zhangjiakou City (Chinese) |url=https://xxgk.mot.gov.cn/2020/jigou/ysfws/202309/t20230901_3905164.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=xxgk.mot.gov.cn}}</ref>
Zaozhuang has already augmented whole city's transportation by bus rapid transportation (BRT).

The construction project of ] has been launched, which is one of the key projects in China's 13th Five Year Plan (2016–2020).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-30 |title=Zaozhuang {{!}} Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport has officially entered the construction and implementation phase（Chinese） |url=http://www.shandong.gov.cn/art/2023/1/30/art_116200_573803.html |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.shandong.gov.cn}}</ref> Positioned as a domestic 4C level branch airport.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=The estimated investment for Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport is 2.186 billion yuan and will be completed in 2025.（Chinese) |url=http://www.shanting.gov.cn/stxw/jrst/202301/t20230120_1599653.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.shanting.gov.cn}}</ref> Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport is about 180 kilometers away from Jinan Airport and 60 kilometers away from Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport. Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport has opened the urban terminal building in Zaozhuang.<ref name=":2" />


==Culture == ==Culture ==

Dishes include spicy chicken ({{lang|zh-Hans|辣子鸡}}), vegetable pancakes ({{lang|zh-Hans|菜煎饼}}), Spicy chicken soup with eggs ({{lang|zh-Hans|糁汤}}), mutton soup ({{lang|zh-Hans|羊肉汤}}), and more.
=== Cuisine ===
]
'''''Zaozhuang Spicy chicken ({{lang|zh-Hans|辣子鸡}})'''''

Zaozhuang Spicy Chicken has been approved as an expansion project of the provincial intangible cultural heritage representative project list in Shandong Province.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Nine items and ten intangible cultural heritage projects in Zaozhuang City were selected as representative projects of the fifth batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Shandong Province (Chinese) |url=http://swhhlyj.zaozhuang.gov.cn/xwzx/zxlb/202111/t20211129_1347713.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=swhhlyj.zaozhuang.gov.cn}}</ref> Traditional Zaozhuang spicy chicken is cooked in a folk pot, using chopped firewood as fuel, and stir-fried to obtain a delicious taste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=辣子鸡，为什么能为枣庄代言？_辣椒 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/470823321_120093003 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.sohu.com}}</ref>

'''''Vegetable pancakes ({{lang|zh-Hans|菜煎饼}})'''''
]
Vegetable pancakes are one of the three famous dishes in Zaozhuang City (Spicy chicken, Vegetable pancakes, and Mutton soup). The raw materials are prepared in proportion with more than ten types of miscellaneous grains, ground into flour, and then spread and baked. Spread cooking oil, eggs, ham sausages, and various seasonal vegetables on the baked pancakes, heat them until they are ripe, and then cut them into pieces for consumption.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=Qilu Cuisine 16 Local Snacks Series: Zaozhuang（Chinese） |url=http://www.shandong.gov.cn/art/2023/5/22/art_98175_340468.html |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.shandong.gov.cn}}</ref>

'''''Sa Soup ({{lang|zh-Hans|糁汤}})'''''

Sa soup is a must for breakfast in Zaozhuang, served with deep-fried dough sticks, Shaobing (Baked cake in griddle), etc. Sa soup is often made from chicken (or beef or lamb) and wheat kernels, flour, scallions, ginger, salt, pepper, five spice powder, sesame oil, soy sauce, vinegar, and other raw materials through multiple processes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Sa soup（Chinese） |url=http://www.zzszq.gov.cn/qq/mstc/201805/t20180508_665688.html |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.zzszq.gov.cn}}</ref>

'''''Mutton soup ({{lang|zh-Hans|羊肉汤}})'''''

One of the three famous dishes in Zaozhuang City, including spicy chicken, vegetable pancakes, and lamb soup, is made by boiling lamb bones and adding fresh lamb and lamb offal into a soup pot. After boiling, the lamb soup is poured in and sprinkled with scallions to make the "No.1 Soup in Shandong" - Zaozhuang Lamb Soup.<ref name=":1" />

=== Dialect ===
Zaozhuang dialect belongs to the Northern language family, and a more detailed classification belongs to the Xilu community in the Central Plains Mandarin region. Zaozhuang dialect is not unique in the vast northern dialect area, with similarities and differences.

Zaozhuang dialect can be roughly divided into two schools: new and old. These two dialects are basically consistent in grammar, with slight differences in vocabulary but significant differences in pronunciation. The new dialect is formed by the influence of Mandarin pronunciation on the old Zaozhuang dialect.

==Education==
* ] Zaozhuang University is a public full-time undergraduate university in Shandong Province. The school currently has two campuses, Shizhong and Xuecheng. The Shizhong campus covers an area of ​​1,027 acres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=学校简介-枣庄学院 |url=https://www.uzz.edu.cn/xxgk/xxjj.htm |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.uzz.edu.cn}}</ref>


==Notable people== ==Notable people==
Line 281: Line 333:
*] (ca. 480 BC – 390 BC), ] era ] and thinker *] (ca. 480 BC – 390 BC), ] era ] and thinker
*] (died 279 BC), one of the famed ] of the ]. *] (died 279 BC), one of the famed ] of the ].
*], China's fabled first wheelmaker, featured in ]'s ] (8th verse), whose wheel is earlier alluded to in the ] (11th verse) and other works. The ] is in Zaozhuang. *], China's fabled first wheelmaker, featured in ]'s ] (8th verse), whose wheel is earlier alluded to in the ] (11th verse) and other works. The Xi Zhong Culture Park is in Zaozhuang.


==References== ==References==

Latest revision as of 06:29, 8 January 2025

Prefecture-level city in Shandong, People's Republic of China
Zaozhuang 枣庄市Tsaochwang
Prefecture-level city
Qingtan TempleWeishan LakeLu Ban's HomeXuechengBaodugu National Forest ParkZhongxing Square
Location of Zaozhuang in ShandongLocation of Zaozhuang in Shandong
Coordinates (Xuecheng municipal government, Xuecheng District): 34°48′39″N 117°19′26″E / 34.8109°N 117.3238°E / 34.8109; 117.3238
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShandong
County-level divisions6
Township-level divisions62
Municipal seatXuecheng District
Government
 • MayorZhang Hongwei (张宏伟)
Area
 • Prefecture-level city4,563.22 km (1,761.87 sq mi)
 • Urban3,069 km (1,185 sq mi)
 • Metro1,008.9 km (389.5 sq mi)
Population
 • Prefecture-level city3,855,601
 • Density840/km (2,200/sq mi)
 • Urban2,280,953
 • Urban density740/km (1,900/sq mi)
 • Metro975,539
 • Metro density970/km (2,500/sq mi)
GDP
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 240 billion
US$ 36.3 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 61,226
US$ 9,252
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (China Standard)
Postal code277100
Area code0632
ISO 3166 codeCN-SD-04
License Plate Prefix鲁D
Zaozhuang
Traditional Chinese棗莊
Simplified Chinese枣庄
PostalTsaochwang
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZǎozhuāng
Wade–GilesTsao-chuang

Zaozhuang (simplified Chinese: 枣庄; traditional Chinese: 棗莊; pinyin: Zǎozhuāng) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Since January 2019 (after the Laiwu prefecture got incorporated into Jinan prefecture), the smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders Jining to the west and north, Linyi to the east, and the province of Jiangsu to the south. The Battle of Taierzhuang occurred in the city during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1938. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) had a significant impact on Zaozhuang.

Archaeologists have found evidence of human activities in this region dating back to the Neolithic era. Its culture started from 7300 years ago of ancestor culture, and developed to city-state culture 4300 years ago, then evolved to canal culture 2700 years ago, and finally stepped to industrial culture 130 years ago.

Its population is 3,855,601 at the 2020 census whom 975,539 in the built-up area made of Shizhong and Yicheng districts. As of the end of 2022, the permanent population of Zaozhuang City is 3.8297 million. As of the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, the permanent population will be 3.8098 million.

At present, Zaozhuang has gradually grown into one of the important bases of China's lithium battery industry, known as the "Lithium Battery Capital in Northern China".

History

Qingtan Temple, Yicheng, Zaozhuang

During the Xia Dynasty, the south of Zaozhuang was the Kingdom of Zu, and the north and northwest were the Kingdom of Teng and Xue. Later, the name was changed several times. In the Ming Dynasty, Teng County was established in the north and Yizhou was established in the south. Later, Yizhou was reduced to a county.

The history of Zaozhuang is closely linked to the canal. According to archaeological discoveries, the earliest canal in the territory, the Qianyang Canal, was excavated in the Spring and Autumn period. The Zaozhuang section of the Jinghang Canal was excavated in the 32nd year of Ming Wanli (1604), flowing through the city's Taierzhuang, Yucheng, Xuecheng and Tengzhou, with a total length of 93.9 kilometers, from Xiazhen Lijiagang to Zhangzhou. The estuary enters the Yellow River, because the Weihe River is the main supplementary water source. Its opening has changed the situation that the Beijing-Hangzhou Expressway is unreasonable due to the flooding of the Yellow River. For hundreds of years, it has played an important role in the transportation of Nanliangbei, material circulation and cultural exchange. The continuity of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal also promotes economic prosperity along the canal area. Taierzhuang along the coast has rapidly developed into a “lunan town”, and “Yixian County” records: “Taierzhuangtun Canal, merchants are convinced, Tianyibi, and Xuyi is also a city.” The gathering of merchants brings cultural blending, Taierzhuang The ancient city has also become a typical representative of the canal culture. It has the most distinctive features of the blending of north and south cultures on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the combination of Chinese and Western cultures.

Zaozhuang is a heroic city with a glorious revolutionary tradition. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), under the leadership of Li Zongren, commander of the Fifth Theater, the vast Lunan area with Taierzhuang as the center of gravity and the Japanese invaders engaged in the large-scale Battle of Tai'erzhuang, considered the first Chinese victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Two years later, in 1940, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the railway guerrillas established in Zaozhuang and the Chinese army fought bravely to defeat the Japanese invaders with guerrilla tactics.

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Zaozhuang administers six county-level divisions, including five districts and one county-level city. The seat of Zaozhuang is Xuecheng District.

These are further divided into 62 township-level divisions, including 44 towns, two townships and 16 subdistricts.

Map
Shizhong Xuecheng Yicheng Tai'erzhuang Shanting Tengzhou
(city)

Coal-Mining History

Zhongxing Square in Zaozhuang, which is a quarry lake left after coal ore exhausted

Zaozhuang City long been important in coal-mining in China. The coal mining were developed prior to World War II, although it was severely damaged during the latter part of World War II. In 1954, the coal production brought back in production, since then it modernized the progress and connects those of Jiawang and Xuzhou in northern Jiangsu province. After years of economic restructuring and environmental remediation, Zaozhuang is now back to an eco-friendly city.

Geography

Weishan Lake, which is located at the east of Zaozhuang

Zaozhuang City is located in the southern part of the low hills of Luzhong, and belongs to the Huanghuai Plain. The terrain is high in the north, low in the south, low in the east and low in the west, and it is inclined to the northeast to the southwest. The mountain in the northern Shanting District is 620 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the city. The mountains, such as the Lianqing Mountain and the Baoji Mountain, are more than 500 meters above sea level, and the mountains are undulating and swaying in the north of the city. Holding 580 meters above sea level, it is called "the first of the seventy-two scorpions." The western lakeside and the coastal zone have the lowest terrain and flat ground, with an altitude of 30–40 meters and a minimum elevation of 24.5 meters. The topography and landforms in the territory are relatively complex, forming many types of landforms such as low mountains, hills, piedmont plains, floodplains, and lakes along the lake. The hills account for 54.6% of the total area, the plains account for 26.6% of the total area, and the depression accounts for 18.8% of the total area.

Climate

Zaozhuang belongs to the mid latitude warm temperate monsoon continental climate zone, which combines the characteristics of a warm and humid climate in the south and a dry and cold climate in the north. Zaozhuang with four distinct seasons, summers are long and hot and humid and winters are cold and dry, spring and autumn are short and cool and mostly dry, but air humidly is high. The annual average sunshine hours in various parts of the city are generally between 2512.0 and 2768.4 hours, and the daily average throughout the year is between 6.9 and 7.6 hours.

Climate data for Zaozhuang (Shizhong District, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0) 		23.6
(74.5) 		27.8
(82.0) 		34.0
(93.2) 		37.8
(100.0) 		39.1
(102.4) 		40.9
(105.6) 		36.7
(98.1) 		35.5
(95.9) 		34.8
(94.6) 		25.9
(78.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		40.9
(105.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7) 		8.7
(47.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		21.3
(70.3) 		26.7
(80.1) 		30.8
(87.4) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.7
(87.3) 		27.3
(81.1) 		21.8
(71.2) 		14.1
(57.4) 		7.3
(45.1) 		20.0
(68.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		8.9
(48.0) 		15.5
(59.9) 		21.1
(70.0) 		25.3
(77.5) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.4
(79.5) 		22.3
(72.1) 		16.3
(61.3) 		8.8
(47.8) 		2.3
(36.1) 		14.8
(58.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		3.9
(39.0) 		10.1
(50.2) 		15.8
(60.4) 		20.5
(68.9) 		23.6
(74.5) 		22.9
(73.2) 		18.1
(64.6) 		11.7
(53.1) 		4.7
(40.5) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		10.5
(50.9)
Record low °C (°F) −13.0
(8.6) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		4.5
(40.1) 		12.5
(54.5) 		16.2
(61.2) 		12.1
(53.8) 		8.4
(47.1) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−14.4
(6.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 12.5
(0.49) 		16.5
(0.65) 		21.4
(0.84) 		44.5
(1.75) 		69.8
(2.75) 		100.4
(3.95) 		245.8
(9.68) 		206.1
(8.11) 		63.4
(2.50) 		33.5
(1.32) 		31.9
(1.26) 		14.9
(0.59) 		860.7
(33.89)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.6 4.3 4.9 6.1 7.3 7.5 13.6 11.7 7.5 5.3 5.1 4.1 81
Average snowy days 3.2 2.9 0.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 1.6 9.4
Average relative humidity (%) 62 59 56 58 62 65 79 79 71 66 67 64 66
Mean monthly sunshine hours 135.8 141.9 186.8 203.2 211.8 176.7 152.9 155.9 164.1 169.1 142.0 139.3 1,979.5
Percent possible sunshine 43 46 50 52 49 41 35 38 45 49 46 46 45
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Transportation

Xintai Expressway in Shanting, Zaozhuang

Zaozhuang and Zaozhuang West are stops on both the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) railway. Since 15 May 2016, the Zaolin railway (from Zaozhuang West to Linyi) has connected the city with the Yanri railway. Based on Shandong Province's planning, Zaozhuang will be linked with Linyi (to east), Heze (to west) and Jinan (to north) by the inter-city rail by 2022.

The Beijing-Fuzhou highway also passes through Zaozhuang from north to south.

Zaozhuang has already augmented whole city's transportation by bus rapid transportation (BRT). Zaozhuang City has officially become a "National Demonstration City for Bus City Construction". As of 2021, Zaozhuang Bus Rapid Transit has 10 BRT lines and 16 transfer lines and has safely operated 98 million kilometers and transported a total of 390 million passengers.

The construction project of Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport has been launched, which is one of the key projects in China's 13th Five Year Plan (2016–2020). Positioned as a domestic 4C level branch airport. Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport is about 180 kilometers away from Jinan Airport and 60 kilometers away from Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport. Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport has opened the urban terminal building in Zaozhuang.

Culture

Cuisine

Zaozhuang Spicy Chicken

Zaozhuang Spicy chicken (辣子鸡)

Zaozhuang Spicy Chicken has been approved as an expansion project of the provincial intangible cultural heritage representative project list in Shandong Province. Traditional Zaozhuang spicy chicken is cooked in a folk pot, using chopped firewood as fuel, and stir-fried to obtain a delicious taste.

Vegetable pancakes (菜煎饼)

Zaozhuang Vegetable Pancake

Vegetable pancakes are one of the three famous dishes in Zaozhuang City (Spicy chicken, Vegetable pancakes, and Mutton soup). The raw materials are prepared in proportion with more than ten types of miscellaneous grains, ground into flour, and then spread and baked. Spread cooking oil, eggs, ham sausages, and various seasonal vegetables on the baked pancakes, heat them until they are ripe, and then cut them into pieces for consumption.

Sa Soup (糁汤)

Sa soup is a must for breakfast in Zaozhuang, served with deep-fried dough sticks, Shaobing (Baked cake in griddle), etc. Sa soup is often made from chicken (or beef or lamb) and wheat kernels, flour, scallions, ginger, salt, pepper, five spice powder, sesame oil, soy sauce, vinegar, and other raw materials through multiple processes.

Mutton soup (羊肉汤)

One of the three famous dishes in Zaozhuang City, including spicy chicken, vegetable pancakes, and lamb soup, is made by boiling lamb bones and adding fresh lamb and lamb offal into a soup pot. After boiling, the lamb soup is poured in and sprinkled with scallions to make the "No.1 Soup in Shandong" - Zaozhuang Lamb Soup.

Dialect

Zaozhuang dialect belongs to the Northern language family, and a more detailed classification belongs to the Xilu community in the Central Plains Mandarin region. Zaozhuang dialect is not unique in the vast northern dialect area, with similarities and differences.

Zaozhuang dialect can be roughly divided into two schools: new and old. These two dialects are basically consistent in grammar, with slight differences in vocabulary but significant differences in pronunciation. The new dialect is formed by the influence of Mandarin pronunciation on the old Zaozhuang dialect.

Education

  • Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang University is a public full-time undergraduate university in Shandong Province. The school currently has two campuses, Shizhong and Xuecheng. The Shizhong campus covers an area of ​​1,027 acres.

Notable people

References

  1. "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. "Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016". www.stats-sd.gov.cn.
  3. "The Second Sino-Japanese War". Chinese Revolution. 2019-09-18. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  4. "Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development of Zaozhuang City in 2022 (Chinese)". stjj.zaozhuang.gov.cn. 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  5. "2024年山东省枣庄市常住户籍人口第七次人口普查和历史人口数据 年龄金字塔结构 民族组成情况-红黑人口库". www.hongheiku.com. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  6. ^ "Zaozhuang | China". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  7. "山东省枣庄市历史文化_新浪军事_新浪网". mil.news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  8. sina_mobile (2018-11-27). "阅城 | 枣庄：脱煤转魅，小城又东风". sd.sina.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  9. "Zaozhuang Natural Environment（Chinese）". www.zzszq.gov.cn. 2023-03-08. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  10. "Zaozhuang - Natural Environment（Chinese）". www.zaozhuang.gov.cn. 2023-09-22. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  11. ^ "枣庄市气候特点 - 山东气候". sd.weather.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  12. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  13. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  14. "京沪高速铁路_京沪高铁时刻表及票价查询_【高铁网】_京沪高铁线路图". shike.gaotie.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  15. "Announcement of the Ministry of Transport on Naming 28 National Transit City Construction Demonstration Cities Including Zhangjiakou City (Chinese)". xxgk.mot.gov.cn. 2023-09-01. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  16. ^ "Zaozhuang | Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport has officially entered the construction and implementation phase（Chinese）". www.shandong.gov.cn. 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  17. "The estimated investment for Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport is 2.186 billion yuan and will be completed in 2025.（Chinese)". www.shanting.gov.cn. 2023-01-19. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  18. "Nine items and ten intangible cultural heritage projects in Zaozhuang City were selected as representative projects of the fifth batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Shandong Province (Chinese)". swhhlyj.zaozhuang.gov.cn. 2021-11-26. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  19. "辣子鸡，为什么能为枣庄代言？_辣椒". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  20. ^ "Qilu Cuisine 16 Local Snacks Series: Zaozhuang（Chinese）". www.shandong.gov.cn. 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  21. "Sa soup（Chinese）". www.zzszq.gov.cn. 2018-05-08. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  22. "学校简介-枣庄学院". www.uzz.edu.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-19.

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