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	{{Short description\|Head of the Catholic Church from 492 to 496}}		{{Short description\|Head of the Catholic Church from 492 to 496}}
	{{Infobox Christian leader		{{Infobox Christian leader
	\|type=Pope		\| type = Pope
	\|honorific-prefix=]		\| honorific-prefix = ]
			\|image=Augustiniánský klášter, Staré Brno, Gelasius I.jpg
⚫	\|name=Gelasius I
			\|caption=Portrait of Gelasius I in ]
⚫	\|title = ]
		⚫	\| name = Gelasius I
⚫	\|church = ]
		⚫	\| title = ]
⚫	\|term_start=1 March AD 492
		⚫	\| church = ]
⚫	\|term_end=19 November AD 496
		⚫	\| term_start = 1 March 492
⚫	\|predecessor=]
		⚫	\| term_end = 19 November 496
⚫	\|successor=]
		⚫	\| predecessor = ]
⚫	\|birth_place=] or ]<ref name=Browne1998>{{cite journal
		⚫	\| successor = ]
		⚫	\| birth_place = ] or ], ], ]<ref name=Browne1998>{{cite journal
	\| author = Browne, M.		\| author = Browne, M.
	\| year = 1998		\| year = 1998
Line 18:		Line 20:
	\| issue = 1		\| issue = 1
	\| pages = 57–8		\| pages = 57–8
		⚫	}}</ref>
	\| url = https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&se=gglsc&d=5001392071
		⚫	\| death_date = {{death date\|496\|11\|19\|df=y}}
	\| access-date = 2008-04-10
		⚫	\| death_place = ], ]
⚫	}}</ref>
		⚫	\| feast_day = 21 November<ref name="ce-gelasius"/>
⚫	\|death_date={{death date\|496\|11\|19\|df=y}}
		⚫	\| other = Gelasius
⚫	\|death_place=], ]
⚫	\|feast_day=21 November<ref name="ce-gelasius"/>
⚫	\|other=Gelasius
	}}		}}

	'''Pope Gelasius I''' was the ] from 1 March 492 to his death on 19 November 496.<ref name="ce-gelasius">{{CathEncy\|wstitle=Pope St. Gelasius I}}</ref> Gelasius was a prolific author whose style placed him on the cusp between ] and the ].<ref name="Ullman">The title of his biography by Walter Ullmann expresses this:''Gelasius I. (492–496): Das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter'' (Stuttgart) 1981.</ref> Some scholars have argued that his predecessor ] may have employed him to draft papal documents,<ref>{{Cite book \|author=Ullmann, Walter \|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/781406544 \|title=Gelasius I. (492-496) : das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter \|date=1981 \|publisher=Hiersemann \|isbn=3-7772-8135-2 \|pages=135–141 \|oclc=781406544}}</ref> although this is not certain.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Salzman \|first=Michele Renee \|date=2019 \|title=Lay Aristocrats and Ecclesiastical Politics: A New View of the Papacy of Felix III (483–492 C.E.) and the Acacian Schism \|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/734252 \|journal=Journal of Early Christian Studies \|volume=27 \|issue=3 \|pages=482, n. 73 \|doi=10.1353/earl.2019.0040 \|s2cid=204419785 \|issn=1086-3184}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Cohen \|first=Samuel \|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1114273480 \|title=Heirs of Roman persecution: studies on a Christian and para-Christian discourse in late antiquity \|publisher=] \|year=2019 \|isbn=978-0-8153-7512-8 \|editor-last=Fournier \|editor-first=Éric \|pages=176, n. 16 \|chapter="You have made common cause with their persecutors": Gelasius, the language of persecution, and the Acacian Schism \|oclc=1114273480 \|editor-last2=Mayer \|editor-first2=Wendy}}</ref>		'''Pope Gelasius I''' was the ] from 1 March 492 to his death on 19 November 496.<ref name="ce-gelasius">{{CathEncy\|wstitle=Pope St. Gelasius I}}</ref> Gelasius was a prolific author whose style placed him on the cusp between ] and the ].<ref name="Ullman">The title of his biography by Walter Ullmann expresses this:''Gelasius I. (492–496): Das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter'' (Stuttgart) 1981.</ref> Some scholars have argued that his predecessor ] may have employed him to draft papal documents,<ref>{{Cite book \|author=Ullmann, Walter \|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/781406544 \|title=Gelasius I. (492-496) : das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter \|date=1981 \|publisher=Hiersemann \|isbn=3-7772-8135-2 \|pages=135–141 \|oclc=781406544}}</ref> although this is not certain.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Salzman \|first=Michele Renee \|date=2019 \|title=Lay Aristocrats and Ecclesiastical Politics: A New View of the Papacy of Felix III (483–492 C.E.) and the Acacian Schism \|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/734252 \|journal=Journal of Early Christian Studies \|volume=27 \|issue=3 \|pages=482, n. 73 \|doi=10.1353/earl.2019.0040 \|s2cid=204419785 \|issn=1086-3184}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Cohen \|first=Samuel \|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1114273480 \|title=Heirs of Roman persecution: studies on a Christian and para-Christian discourse in late antiquity \|publisher=] \|year=2019 \|isbn=978-0-8153-7512-8 \|editor-last=Fournier \|editor-first=Éric \|pages=176, n. 16 \|chapter="You have made common cause with their persecutors": Gelasius, the language of persecution, and the Acacian Schism \|oclc=1114273480 \|editor-last2=Mayer \|editor-first2=Wendy}}</ref>

	During his pontificate he called for strict ], more assertively demanded obedience to papal authority, and, consequently, increased the tension between the Western and Eastern Churches. Surprisingly, he also had cordial relations with the ], who were ] (i.e. ]), and therefore perceived as ] from the perspective of ].<ref name=":0" /> The feast of ] of February 14 was first established in 496 by Pope Gelasius, who included Valentine among all those "... whose names are justly reverenced among men, but whose acts are known only to God."		During his pontificate he called for strict ], more assertively demanded obedience to papal authority, and, consequently, increased the tension between the Western and Eastern Churches. Surprisingly, he also had cordial relations with the ], who were ] (i.e. ]), and therefore perceived as ] from the perspective of ].<ref name=":0" />

	== Place of birth ==		== Place of birth ==
	There is some confusion regarding where Gelasius was born: according to the '']'' he was born in ] ("''natione Afer''"), while in a letter addressed to the ] ] he stated that he was "born a Roman" ("''Romanus natus''").<ref>J. Chapin, "Gelasius I, Pope, St.", pp. 121-3, in '']'', Second Edition, Volume 6, Gale, 2002.</ref> J. Conant opined that the latter assertion probably merely denotes that he was born in ] before the ] invaded it.<ref>J.Conant, ''Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439–700'', CUP, 2012, p. 83.</ref><ref name="Ramsgate">{{Cite web\|date=2013-06-23\|title=Book of Saints – Pope Gelasius\|url=https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-pope-gelasius/\|access-date=2020-08-20\|website=CatholicSaints.Info\|language=en-US}}</ref>		There is some confusion regarding where Gelasius was born: according to the '']'' he was born in ] ("''natione Afer''"), while in a letter addressed to the ] ] he stated that he was "born a ]" ("''Romanus natus''").<ref>J. Chapin, "Gelasius I, Pope, St.", pp. 121-3, in '']'', Second Edition, Volume 6, Gale, 2002.</ref> J. Conant opined that the latter assertion probably merely denotes that he was born in ] before the ] invaded it.<ref>J.Conant, ''Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439–700'', CUP, 2012, p. 83.</ref><ref name="Ramsgate">{{Cite web\|date=2013-06-23\|title=Book of Saints – Pope Gelasius\|url=https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-pope-gelasius/\|access-date=2020-08-20\|website=CatholicSaints.Info\|language=en-US}}</ref>

	== Acacian schism ==		== Acacian schism ==
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	The split with the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantinople was inevitable, from the Western view, because they adopted the ] ] of ] having only a Divine nature. Gelasius authored the book ''De duabus in Christo naturis'' (''On the dual nature of Christ''), which described ] in the matter. Thus Gelasius, for all the conservative Latinity of his style of writing, was on the cusp of ] and the ].<ref name="Ullman"/>		The split with the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantinople was inevitable, from the Western view, because they adopted the ] ] of ] having only a Divine nature. Gelasius authored the book ''De duabus in Christo naturis'' (''On the dual nature of Christ''), which described ] in the matter. Thus Gelasius, for all the conservative Latinity of his style of writing, was on the cusp of ] and the ].<ref name="Ullman"/>

	During the Acacian schism, Gelasius advocated the primacy of the ] over the universal Church, both East and West, and he presented this doctrine in terms that became the model for successive popes, who also claimed ] because of their succession to the ] from the first supreme pontiff, ].~~{{citation~~ ~~needed\|date~~=~~May 2013}}~~		During the Acacian schism, Gelasius advocated the primacy of the ] over the universal Church, both East and West, and he presented this doctrine in terms that became the model for successive popes, who also claimed ] because of their succession to the ] from the first supreme pontiff, ].<ref name="ce-gelasius"/>

	In 494, Gelasius authored the very influential letter '']'' to Anastasius on the subject of the relation of Church and state, which letter had political impact for almost a millennium after.<ref name="Fordham">{{Cite web\|title=Internet History Sourcebooks Project\|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/gelasius1.asp\|access-date=2020-08-20\|website=sourcebooks.fordham.edu}}</ref>		In 494, Gelasius authored the very influential letter '']'' to Anastasius on the subject of the relation of Church and state, which letter had political impact for almost a millennium after.<ref name="Fordham">{{Cite web\|title=Internet History Sourcebooks Project\|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/gelasius1.asp\|access-date=2020-08-20\|website=sourcebooks.fordham.edu}}</ref>
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	== Suppression of the Lupercalia ==		== Suppression of the Lupercalia ==
	{{see\| Lupercalia#History}}		{{see\| Lupercalia#History}}
	Closer to home, after a long contest Gelasius finally suppressed the ] festival of the ],<ref name=Ramsgate/> which had persisted for several generations among a nominally Christian population. Gelasius' letter to the Senator Andromachus treated the primary contentions of the controversy and incidentally provided some details of the festival, which combined ] and ], that might have been lost otherwise. Although the Lupercalia was a festival of purification, which had given its name "''dies februatus''", from "''februare''" ("to purify"), to the month of February, it was unrelated to the Feast of the Purification of the ], also commonly denominated "]", which latter feast commemorates the fulfillment of the ]'s ceremonial obligations pursuant to Mosaic law 40 days after the birth of the first son. In the instance of the ], that occurred 40 days after ]~~, ''scire licet''~~, on 2 February.		Closer to home, after a long contest Gelasius finally suppressed the ] festival of the ],<ref name=Ramsgate/> which had persisted for several generations among a nominally Christian population. Gelasius' letter to the Senator Andromachus treated the primary contentions of the controversy and incidentally provided some details of the festival, which combined ] and ], that might have been lost otherwise. Although the Lupercalia was a festival of purification, which had given its name "''dies februatus''", from "''februare''" ("to purify"), to the month of February, it was unrelated to the Feast of the Purification of the ], also commonly denominated "]", which latter feast commemorates the fulfillment of the ]'s ceremonial obligations pursuant to Mosaic law 40 days after the birth of the first son. In the instance of the ], that occurred 40 days after ], on 2 February.

	== Death ==		== Death ==
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	== Works ==		== Works ==
	], flanked by Gelasius I and ]. Gelasius' writings gave him a high status with posterity.]]		], flanked by Gelasius I and ]. Gelasius' writings gave him a high status with posterity.]]
	Gelasius was one of the most prolific authors of the early ]. Over 100 Gelasian letters survive, although 49 of these are fragmentary, some as short as several lines.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gelasius I ~~\|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893407493~~ \|title=The letters of Gelasius I (492-496) : pastor and micro-manager of the Church of Rome \|date=2014 \|isbn=978-2-503-55299-6 \|editor-last=Neil \|editor-first=Bronwen \|location=Turnhout, Belgium \|pages=8–9 \|oclc=893407493 \|editor-last2=Allen \|editor-first2=Pauline}}</ref> Additionally, 6 treatises are extant that bear the name of Gelasius. According to ], the reputation of Gelasius attracted to his name other works not by him. Although his dogmatic letters connected to the Acacian Schism were widely circulated in late antiquity (and have been the focus of much scholarly interest), the majority of Gelasius' letters were in fact concerned with the administration of the church of suburbicarian Italy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|last=Cohen \|first=Samuel \|date=2022 \|title=Gelasius and the Ostrogoths: jurisdiction and religious community in late ~~fifth‐century~~ Italy \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/emed.12519 \|journal=Early Medieval Europe \|language=en \|volume=30 \|issue=1 \|pages=22–23 \|doi=10.1111/emed.12519 \|s2cid=247674196 \|issn=0963-9462}}</ref>		Gelasius was one of the most prolific authors of the early ]. Over 100 Gelasian letters survive, although 49 of these are fragmentary, some as short as several lines.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gelasius I \|title=The letters of Gelasius I (492-496): pastor and micro-manager of the Church of Rome \|date=2014 \|isbn=978-2-503-55299-6 \|editor-last=Neil \|editor-first=Bronwen \|location=Turnhout, Belgium \|publisher=Brepols \|pages=8–9 \|oclc=893407493 \|editor-last2=Allen \|editor-first2=Pauline}}</ref> Additionally, 6 treatises are extant that bear the name of Gelasius. According to ], the reputation of Gelasius attracted to his name other works not by him. Although his dogmatic letters connected to the Acacian Schism were widely circulated in late antiquity (and have been the focus of much scholarly interest), the majority of Gelasius' letters were in fact concerned with the administration of the church of ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|last=Cohen \|first=Samuel \|date=2022 \|title=Gelasius and the Ostrogoths: jurisdiction and religious community in late fifth-century Italy \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/emed.12519 \|journal=Early Medieval Europe \|language=en \|volume=30 \|issue=1 \|pages=22–23 \|doi=10.1111/emed.12519 \|s2cid=247674196 \|issn=0963-9462}}</ref>

	===''Decretum Gelasianum''===		===''Decretum Gelasianum''===
	{{main\|Decretum Gelasianum}}		{{main\|Decretum Gelasianum}}
	The most famous of pseudo-Gelasian works is the list ''De libris recipiendis et non recipiendis'' ("On books to be received and not to be received"), also denominated the '']'', which is believed to be connected to the pressure for orthodoxy during his pontificate and intended to be read as a decretal by Gelasius on the canonical and apocryphal books, which internal evidence reveals to be of later date. Thus the determination of the ] has traditionally been attributed to Gelasius.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tertullian : F.C.Burkitt, Review of The decretum Gelasianum, Journal of Theological Studies 14 (1913) pp. 469-471\|url=https://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm\|access-date=2022-01-20\|website=www.tertullian.org}}</ref>		The most famous of pseudo-Gelasian works is the list ''De libris recipiendis et non recipiendis'' ("On books to be received and not to be received"), also denominated the '']'', which is believed to be connected to the pressure for orthodoxy during his pontificate and intended to be read as a decretal by Gelasius on the canonical and apocryphal books, which internal evidence reveals to be of later date. Thus the determination of the ] has traditionally been attributed to Gelasius.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tertullian : F.C.Burkitt, Review of The decretum Gelasianum, Journal of Theological Studies 14 (1913) pp. 469-471\|url=https://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm\|access-date=2022-01-20\|website=www.tertullian.org}}</ref>

	===''Gelasian Sacramentary''===		===''Gelasian Sacramentary''===
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	{{Portal\|Biography\|Christianity\|History}}		{{Portal\|Biography\|Christianity\|History}}

	*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]
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	* {{BBKL\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606092959/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/g/gelasius_i.shtml \|band=2\|spalten=197-199\|autor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz\|artikel=Gelasius I}}		* {{BBKL\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606092959/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/g/gelasius_i.shtml \|band=2\|spalten=197-199\|autor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz\|artikel=Gelasius I}}
	* Ullmann, W., ''Gelasius I. (492–496): Das Päpsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter,'' Stuttgart, 1981.		* Ullmann, W., ''Gelasius I. (492–496): Das Päpsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter,'' Stuttgart, 1981.
			* {{Catholic Encyclopedia\|wstitle=Pope St. Gelasius I}}
	* {{Catholic Encyclopedia\|http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06406a.htm\|title=Pope St. Gelasius I\|author=John F. X. Murphy\|volume=6\|SeiteVon=<!--start page of the article_(optional)-->\|SeiteBis=<!--end page of the article_(optional)-->\|Kommentar=\|kurz=}}

	==External links==		==External links==
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	{{s-end}}		{{s-end}}

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	{{Popes}}		{{Popes}}
	{{Catholic saints}}		{{Catholic saints}}
	{{Social and political philosophy}}		{{Social and political philosophy}}
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	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 23:04, 5 January 2025

Head of the Catholic Church from 492 to 496

Pope Saint Gelasius I
Bishop of Rome
Portrait of Gelasius I in St Thomas's Abbey, Brno
Church	Catholic Church
Papacy began	1 March 492
Papacy ended	19 November 496
Predecessor	Felix III
Successor	Anastasius II
Personal details
Born	Africa or Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Died	(496-11-19)19 November 496 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
Sainthood
Feast day	21 November
Other popes named Gelasius

Pope Gelasius I was the bishop of Rome from 1 March 492 to his death on 19 November 496. Gelasius was a prolific author whose style placed him on the cusp between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Some scholars have argued that his predecessor Felix III may have employed him to draft papal documents, although this is not certain.

During his pontificate he called for strict Catholic orthodoxy, more assertively demanded obedience to papal authority, and, consequently, increased the tension between the Western and Eastern Churches. Surprisingly, he also had cordial relations with the Ostrogoths, who were Arians (i.e. Non-trinitarian Christians), and therefore perceived as heretics from the perspective of Nicene Christians.

Place of birth

There is some confusion regarding where Gelasius was born: according to the Liber Pontificalis he was born in Africa ("natione Afer"), while in a letter addressed to the Roman Emperor Anastasius he stated that he was "born a Roman" ("Romanus natus"). J. Conant opined that the latter assertion probably merely denotes that he was born in Roman Africa before the Vandals invaded it.

Acacian schism

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Further information: Acacian schism

The papal election of Gelasius on 1 March 492 was a gesture of continuity: Gelasius inherited the conflicts of Pope Felix III with Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius and the patriarch of Constantinople and exacerbated them by insisting on the obliteration of the name of the deceased Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople from the diptychs, in spite of every ecumenical gesture by the contemporaneous Patriarch Euphemius (q. v. for details of the Acacian schism).

The split with the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantinople was inevitable, from the Western view, because they adopted the Monophysite heresy of Jesus Christ having only a Divine nature. Gelasius authored the book De duabus in Christo naturis (On the dual nature of Christ), which described Catholic doctrine in the matter. Thus Gelasius, for all the conservative Latinity of his style of writing, was on the cusp of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.

During the Acacian schism, Gelasius advocated the primacy of the See of Rome over the universal Church, both East and West, and he presented this doctrine in terms that became the model for successive popes, who also claimed papal supremacy because of their succession to the papacy from the first supreme pontiff, Peter the Apostle.

In 494, Gelasius authored the very influential letter Duo sunt to Anastasius on the subject of the relation of Church and state, which letter had political impact for almost a millennium after.

Suppression of the Lupercalia

Further information: Lupercalia § History

Closer to home, after a long contest Gelasius finally suppressed the ancient Roman festival of the Lupercalia, which had persisted for several generations among a nominally Christian population. Gelasius' letter to the Senator Andromachus treated the primary contentions of the controversy and incidentally provided some details of the festival, which combined fertility and purification, that might have been lost otherwise. Although the Lupercalia was a festival of purification, which had given its name "dies februatus", from "februare" ("to purify"), to the month of February, it was unrelated to the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, also commonly denominated "Candlemas", which latter feast commemorates the fulfillment of the Holy Family's ceremonial obligations pursuant to Mosaic law 40 days after the birth of the first son. In the instance of the Holy Family, that occurred 40 days after Christmas, on 2 February.

Death

After a brief yet dynamic ministry, Gelasius died on 19 November AD 496. His feast day is 21 November, the anniversary of his interment, not his death.

Works

Gelasius was one of the most prolific authors of the early bishops of Rome. Over 100 Gelasian letters survive, although 49 of these are fragmentary, some as short as several lines. Additionally, 6 treatises are extant that bear the name of Gelasius. According to Cassiodorus, the reputation of Gelasius attracted to his name other works not by him. Although his dogmatic letters connected to the Acacian Schism were widely circulated in late antiquity (and have been the focus of much scholarly interest), the majority of Gelasius' letters were in fact concerned with the administration of the church of suburbicarian Italy.

Decretum Gelasianum

Main article: Decretum Gelasianum

The most famous of pseudo-Gelasian works is the list De libris recipiendis et non recipiendis ("On books to be received and not to be received"), also denominated the Decretum Gelasianum, which is believed to be connected to the pressure for orthodoxy during his pontificate and intended to be read as a decretal by Gelasius on the canonical and apocryphal books, which internal evidence reveals to be of later date. Thus the determination of the canon of Sacred Scripture has traditionally been attributed to Gelasius.

Gelasian Sacramentary

Main article: Gelasian Sacramentary

In the Latin Catholic tradition, the pseudo Gelasian Sacramentary is in fact a liturgical book that was derived from Roman sources and transcribed, with inclusion of native Gallican liturgical elements, near Paris in the middle of the 8th century AD. While including the texts of some prayers that Gelasius composed, he was not a principal author or compiler of the book. The manuscript (Vatican, Vatican Library, Reg. lat. 316 + Paris, National Library, ms. lat. 7193, fol. 41–56) is actually titled the Liber sacramentorum Romanae ecclesiae (Book of Sacraments of the Roman Church). The attribution to Gelasius is premised in part at least on the chronicle of the Supreme Pontiffs that is denominated the Liber Pontificalis, which states of Gelasius that he "fecit etiam et sacramentorum praefationes et orationes cauto sermone et epistulas fidei delimato sermone multas" ("he also made prefaces to the sacraments and prayers in careful language and many epistles in polished language regarding the faith"). An old tradition linked the book to Gelasius, apparently based on the ascription of Walafrid Strabo to him of what evidently is this book.

Legacy

Cardinal Giuseppe Maria Tomasi quoted a portion of a missal that was attributed to Gelasius in the Mass that was entitled 'Contra obloquentes' and published it. The section read: "Grant, We beseech Thee, O Lord, that we do not trouble ourselves about the contradiction of spurious minds, but once that very wickedness has been spurned let us pray that you suffer us neither to be frightened by the unjust criticisms, nor to be attracted to the insidious flatteries, but rather to love that which Thou dost command ...". In 1751, Pope Benedict XIV published this quotation within his Apostolic Constitution "Providas" that attacked freemasonry.

References

Browne, M. (1998). "The Three African Popes". The Western Journal of Black Studies. 22 (1): 57–8.
^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope St. Gelasius I" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ The title of his biography by Walter Ullmann expresses this:Gelasius I. (492–496): Das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter (Stuttgart) 1981.
Ullmann, Walter (1981). Gelasius I. (492-496) : das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter. Hiersemann. pp. 135–141. ISBN 3-7772-8135-2. OCLC 781406544.
Salzman, Michele Renee (2019). "Lay Aristocrats and Ecclesiastical Politics: A New View of the Papacy of Felix III (483–492 C.E.) and the Acacian Schism". Journal of Early Christian Studies. 27 (3): 482, n. 73. doi:10.1353/earl.2019.0040. ISSN 1086-3184. S2CID 204419785.
Cohen, Samuel (2019). ""You have made common cause with their persecutors": Gelasius, the language of persecution, and the Acacian Schism". In Fournier, Éric; Mayer, Wendy (eds.). Heirs of Roman persecution: studies on a Christian and para-Christian discourse in late antiquity. Routledge. pp. 176, n. 16. ISBN 978-0-8153-7512-8. OCLC 1114273480.
^ Cohen, Samuel (2022). "Gelasius and the Ostrogoths: jurisdiction and religious community in late fifth-century Italy". Early Medieval Europe. 30 (1): 22–23. doi:10.1111/emed.12519. ISSN 0963-9462. S2CID 247674196.
J. Chapin, "Gelasius I, Pope, St.", pp. 121-3, in New Catholic Encyclopedia, Second Edition, Volume 6, Gale, 2002.
J.Conant, Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439–700, CUP, 2012, p. 83.
^ "Book of Saints – Pope Gelasius". CatholicSaints.Info. 2013-06-23. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
Duchesne, Louis Marie Olivier (1911). "Gelasius s.v. Gelasius II." . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 554.
"Internet History Sourcebooks Project". sourcebooks.fordham.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
Gelasius I (2014). Neil, Bronwen; Allen, Pauline (eds.). The letters of Gelasius I (492-496): pastor and micro-manager of the Church of Rome. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-2-503-55299-6. OCLC 893407493.
"Tertullian : F.C.Burkitt, Review of The decretum Gelasianum, Journal of Theological Studies 14 (1913) pp. 469-471". www.tertullian.org. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
Translation is based on Louise Ropes Loomis, The Book of the Popes (Liber pontificalis) I, New York, New York, USA, Columbia University Press, 1916, pp. 110-4
Quo Graviora, Leo XII, 1826

Literature

The primary source for the biography of Pope Saint Gelasius I, beside the Liber Pontificalis, is a vita written by Cassiodorus' pupil Dionysius Exiguus.

Cohen, Samuel (2022). "Gelasius and the Ostrogoths: jurisdiction and religious community in late fifth‐century Italy". Early Medieval Europe. 30 (1): 20–44. doi:10.1111/emed.12519. ISSN 0963-9462
Norman F. Cantor, Civilization of the Middle Ages.
Neil, Bronwen, and Allen, Pauline (eds. and trans.). The letters of Gelasius I (492-496) : pastor and micro-manager of the Church of Rome. Turnhout, Belgium. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-2-503-55299-6 OCLC 893407493
Catholic Encyclopedia, 1908.
Rudolf Schieffer, Gelasius I, in Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 4 (1989), Sp. 1197.
Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1990). "Gelasius I". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 2. Hamm: Bautz. cols. 197–199. ISBN 3-88309-032-8.
Ullmann, W., Gelasius I. (492–496): Das Päpsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter, Stuttgart, 1981.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope St. Gelasius I". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

External links

Duo sunt: introduction and text in English
Collected Works (Opera Omnia) in Migne's Patrologia Latina
Fontes Latinae de papis usque ad annum 530 (Pope Felix IV)
Liber Pontificalis
Decretum Gelasianum: De Libris Recipiendis et Non Recipiendis
"Gelasius I" in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints

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Preceded byFelix III	Pope 1 March 492 – 19 November 496	Succeeded byAnastasius II

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De Officiis (44 BC)
Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)
A Vindication of Natural Society (1756)
Democracy in America (1835–1840)
Civilization and Its Discontents (1930)
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1935)
The Second Sex (1949)
One-Dimensional Man (1964)
The Society of the Spectacle (1967)
The History of Sexuality (1976)
The Culture of Narcissism (1979)
A Conflict of Visions (1987)
The Closing of the American Mind (1987)
Gender Trouble (1990)
The Malaise of Modernity (1991)
Intellectuals and Society (2010)

Latest revision as of 23:04, 5 January 2025

Place of birth

Acacian schism

Suppression of the Lupercalia

Death

Works

Decretum Gelasianum

Gelasian Sacramentary

Legacy

See also

References

Literature

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