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| {{Short description|1979 Soviet underground nuclear explosion}} | {{Short description|1979 Soviet underground nuclear explosion}} | ||
| {{Infobox event | {{Infobox event | ||
| <!-- *** Locations *** --> | <!-- *** Locations *** -->| type = Peaceful Nuclear Explosion | ||
| ⚫ | | location = ], ], ], ], ], ] | ||
| | type=Peacful Nuclear Explosion | |||
| ⚫ | | coordinates = {{coord|48.21336|38.28162|region:USA_type:event|display=inline,title}} | ||
| ⚫ | | location = Yunkom |
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| ⚫ | | image = File:Кліваж.JPG | ||
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| ⚫ | | time = 9:00 GMT | ||
| ⚫ | | image |
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| ⚫ | | duration = | ||
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| ⚫ | | date = Explosion: 16 Sep 1979,<ref name="Johnstons Archive">{{cite web | title=Database of nuclear tests, USSR: part 3, 1979-1990 | website=Johnston's Archive | date=2005-06-15 | url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/tests/USSR-ntests3.html | ref={{sfnref | Johnston's Archive | 2005}} | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> Flooding: April 2018 | ||
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| ⚫ | | outcome = The site flooded with underground waters after Russian military occupation in ] | ||
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| '''Klivazh''' |
'''Klivazh''' is the site of an underground ] in the Soviet program of ]. The event took place in the ] of the ] on September 16, 1979. The site flooded with underground waters in 2018 after Russian military occupation during ], with a risk of radiological pollution of drinking water in the area.<ref name="Millard 2022">{{cite web | last=Millard | first=Rachel | title=Second Chernobyl: Eastern Ukraine threatened with radioactive disaster | website=The Telegraph | date=2022-02-24 | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/02/24/second-chernobyl-eastern-ukraine-threatened-radioactive-disaster/ | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> | ||
| == Details of the PNE == | == Details of the PNE == | ||
| The 0.2–0.3 kt (]) explosion was performed in ] in an eastern annex of |
The 0.2–0.3 kt (]) explosion was performed in ] in an eastern annex of ], near the town of Bunhe, city of ], at a depth of {{cvt|903|m}} in between the coal layers «Deviatka» (l4) and «Tsehelny» (l21) on September 16, 1979, at 9:00 AM (GMT).<ref name="Johnstons Archive"/><ref name="npc.sarov.ru">{{cite web | title=Испытания ЯО в мирных целях, Аналитический Центр по Проблемам Нераспространения | website=npc.sarov.ru | date=2002-09-02 | url=http://npc.sarov.ru/issues/peaceful/section3p5.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020902000142/http://npc.sarov.ru/issues/peaceful/section3p5.html | archive-date=2002-09-02 | url-status=dead | access-date=2023-09-18}} РФЯЦ-ВНИИЭФ. 1996 ISBN 5-85169-062-01</ref> The aim of the explosion was to lower interlayer tension and underground gas pressure, allowing more secure coal mining.<ref name="Главком 2018">{{cite web | title="ДНР" збирається затопити шахту, де СРСР провів ядерний вибух | website=Главком | date=2018-03-24 | url=https://glavcom.ua/country/incidents/dnr-zbirajetsya-zatopiti-shahtu-de-srsr-proviv-yaderniy-vibuh-483802.html | language=uk | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref><ref name="Український тиждень">{{cite web | title=Держдеп США стурбований інформаціією про наміри бойовиків затопити "ядерну" шахту на Донбасі | website=Український тиждень | date=2018-04-14 | url=https://tyzhden.ua/derzhdep-ssha-sturbovanyj-informatsiiieiu-pro-namiry-bojovykiv-zatopyty-iadernu-shakhtu-na-donbasi/ | language=uk | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> Before 1979, there were frequent rapid coal and gas outbursts in the ], and sudden squeezing-out of coal by accompanying gas evolution, as the excavating layers were situated in the tectonic tension areas. The event details were classified in the time of the ]. | ||
| == Outcomes of the explosion== | == Outcomes of the explosion== | ||
| Following the nuclear explosion a cavity formed with radius of 5–6 m, around it there formed a crush zone with 20–25 m radius. The radioactivity level in the mine excavation areas and sub-surface waters remained |
Following the nuclear explosion a cavity formed with a radius of 5–6 m, around it there formed a crush zone with a 20–25 m radius. The radioactivity level in the mine excavation areas and sub-surface waters remained at the natural level when the measurements were regularly conducted during 1979–2000. After the PNE the coal and gas outbursts became less frequent.<ref name="Главком 2018"/> In 2002, the ] was closed.<ref name="NBC News 2021">{{cite web | title=An environmental disaster looms in war-torn Ukraine | website=NBC News | date=2021-05-16 | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ukraine-s-war-torn-donbas-region-verge-environmental-disaster-n1266372 | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> | ||
| == Flooding of the site == | == Flooding of the site == | ||
| The danger of flooding the |
The danger of flooding the ] was alarming for Ukrainian ecologists at the very announcement of the mine conservation as it may potentially cause radioactive pollution of the underground waters. The Ministry of Ecological Security held measures to ensure the hydrological and geological security of the site.<ref> За матеріалами доповіді Міністра екобезпеки Василя Шевчука на засіданні Кабінету міністрів України 11 січня 1999 року</ref> | ||
| After the starting of ] in 2014 the city of ] was occupied by pro-Russian forces of so-called ].<ref name="Euromaidan Press">{{cite web | title=Fears of radioactive disaster as Russian proxies plan to flood nuclear test site in Donbas | website=Euromaidan Press | date=2018-04-04 | url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2018/04/05/occupation-authorities-to-flood-a-nuclear-test-site-in-donbas/ | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> | After the starting of ] in 2014 the city of ] was occupied by pro-Russian forces of so-called ].<ref name="Euromaidan Press">{{cite web | title=Fears of radioactive disaster as Russian proxies plan to flood nuclear test site in Donbas | website=Euromaidan Press | date=2018-04-04 | url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2018/04/05/occupation-authorities-to-flood-a-nuclear-test-site-in-donbas/ | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> | ||
| In 2018 the DPR administration decided to flood the ]. The drainage required maintenance of water pumps, which stopped along with the region's general infrastructure degradation after the Russian military occupation.<ref name="Главком 2018"/><ref name="Український тиждень"/> The information was confirmed by OSCE Monitoring Mission.<ref name="OSCE 2018 t089">{{cite web | title=Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 11 April 2018 | website=OSCE | date=2018-04-11 | url=https://www.osce.org/special-monitoring-mission-to-ukraine/377719 | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> In April 2018 the DPR removed water pumps from the Yunkom mine, so it is gradually flooded by the natural waters. The radiological contamination was viewed as potentially spreading to the ] and then to the ], threatening drinking and ] water supplies.<ref name="LIGA 2018">{{cite web | title=Тема дня. Из-за шахты Юнком Азовское море может стать мертвым | website=LIGA | date=2018-04-24 | url=https://www.liga.net/society/articles/tema-dnya-iz-za-shahty-yunkom-azovskoe-more-mojet-stat-mertvym | language=ru | access-date=2023-09-18}}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
Latest revision as of 03:31, 5 January 2025
1979 Soviet underground nuclear explosion | |
| Date | Explosion: 16 Sep 1979, Flooding: April 2018 |
|---|---|
| Time | 9:00 GMT |
| Location | Yunkom coal mine, Bunhe, Yenakiieve urban hromada, Horlivka Raion, Donetsk oblast, Ukraine |
| Coordinates | 48°12′48″N 38°16′54″E / 48.21336°N 38.28162°E / 48.21336; 38.28162 |
| Type | Peaceful Nuclear Explosion |
| Outcome | The site flooded with underground waters after Russian military occupation in Russo-Ukrainian War |
Klivazh is the site of an underground peaceful nuclear explosion in the Soviet program of Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy. The event took place in the Donetsk oblast of the Ukrainian SSR on September 16, 1979. The site flooded with underground waters in 2018 after Russian military occupation during Russo-Ukrainian War, with a risk of radiological pollution of drinking water in the area.
Details of the PNE
The 0.2–0.3 kt (kiloton of TNT) explosion was performed in Ukrainian SSR in an eastern annex of Yunkom coal mine, near the town of Bunhe, city of Yenakiieve, at a depth of 903 m (2,963 ft) in between the coal layers «Deviatka» (l4) and «Tsehelny» (l21) on September 16, 1979, at 9:00 AM (GMT). The aim of the explosion was to lower interlayer tension and underground gas pressure, allowing more secure coal mining. Before 1979, there were frequent rapid coal and gas outbursts in the Yunkom coal mine, and sudden squeezing-out of coal by accompanying gas evolution, as the excavating layers were situated in the tectonic tension areas. The event details were classified in the time of the USSR.
Outcomes of the explosion
Following the nuclear explosion a cavity formed with a radius of 5–6 m, around it there formed a crush zone with a 20–25 m radius. The radioactivity level in the mine excavation areas and sub-surface waters remained at the natural level when the measurements were regularly conducted during 1979–2000. After the PNE the coal and gas outbursts became less frequent. In 2002, the Yunkom coal mine was closed.
Flooding of the site
The danger of flooding the Yunkom coal mine was alarming for Ukrainian ecologists at the very announcement of the mine conservation as it may potentially cause radioactive pollution of the underground waters. The Ministry of Ecological Security held measures to ensure the hydrological and geological security of the site.
After the starting of Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014 the city of Yenakieve was occupied by pro-Russian forces of so-called Donetsk People's Republic.
In 2018 the DPR administration decided to flood the Yunkom coal mine. The drainage required maintenance of water pumps, which stopped along with the region's general infrastructure degradation after the Russian military occupation. The information was confirmed by OSCE Monitoring Mission. In April 2018 the DPR removed water pumps from the Yunkom mine, so it is gradually flooded by the natural waters. The radiological contamination was viewed as potentially spreading to the Mius River and then to the Azov Sea, threatening drinking and irrigation water supplies.
See also
References
- ^ "Database of nuclear tests, USSR: part 3, 1979-1990". Johnston's Archive. 2005-06-15. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- Millard, Rachel (2022-02-24). "Second Chernobyl: Eastern Ukraine threatened with radioactive disaster". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- "Испытания ЯО в мирных целях, Аналитический Центр по Проблемам Нераспространения". npc.sarov.ru. 2002-09-02. Archived from the original on 2002-09-02. Retrieved 2023-09-18. РФЯЦ-ВНИИЭФ. 1996 ISBN 5-85169-062-01
- ^ ""ДНР" збирається затопити шахту, де СРСР провів ядерний вибух". Главком (in Ukrainian). 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "Держдеп США стурбований інформаціією про наміри бойовиків затопити "ядерну" шахту на Донбасі". Український тиждень (in Ukrainian). 2018-04-14. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- "An environmental disaster looms in war-torn Ukraine". NBC News. 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- Про заходи щодо розв'язання еколого-гідрогеологічних проблем, які виникають унаслідок закриття гірничо-видобувних підприємств, шахт і розрізів. За матеріалами доповіді Міністра екобезпеки Василя Шевчука на засіданні Кабінету міністрів України 11 січня 1999 року
- "Fears of radioactive disaster as Russian proxies plan to flood nuclear test site in Donbas". Euromaidan Press. 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 11 April 2018". OSCE. 2018-04-11. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- "Тема дня. Из-за шахты Юнком Азовское море может стать мертвым". LIGA (in Russian). 2018-04-24. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
