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| alma_mater = ] (BA)<br /> ] (MA)<br /> ] (M.Phil)<br /> ] (PhD) | alma_mater = ] (BA)<br /> ] (MA)<br /> ] (M.Phil)<br /> ] (PhD)
| institutions = ]<br />]<br />] | institutions = ]<br />]<br />]
| school_tradition = ]<br /> ] | school_tradition =]
| main_interests = ], ], ], and ] | main_interests = ], ], ], ], critical philosophy of caste and race, ]
| notable_works = '']'' | notable_works = '']''
| influences = | influences =}}
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'''Divya Dwivedi''' is an Indian ]<ref name="elle.in">{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> and author.<ref name="The Resurrection of Philosophy">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-the-resurrection-of-philosophy|title=The Resurrection of Philosophy|website=]}}</ref> She is an associate professor at the ]. Her work focuses on ], ], ], and ].<ref name=":2" /> She is the co-author of '']''. '''Divya Dwivedi''' is an Indian ]<ref name="elle.in">{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> and author. She is an associate professor at the ]. Her work includes a focus on ], ], ], ], revolutionary theory,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVwBEQAAQBAJ&q=%E2%80%9Ctheory+of+revolution%E2%80%9D&pg=PT4 |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-04-11 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=978-1-80526-174-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> critical philosophy of caste and race, and the ].<ref name=":0" /> She is the co-author of '']'' and ''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics.''


==Early life and education == ==Early life and education ==
⚫ Dwivedi is originally from ]. Her mother is Sunitha Dwivedi and her father, Rakesh Dwivedi, practices as a senior lawyer for the ].<ref>{{cite news|author=Chandran, Cynthia|title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi|work=]|date=11 February 2019|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> Dwivedi’s paternal grandfather, S. N. Dwivedi was a judge at the ], and her maternal grandfather ] was a minister in the union government of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>


⚫ Dwivedi is originally from ].<ref name="Chandran 2019"/><ref name="Varagur 2020">{{cite news |last1=Varagur |first1=Krithika |date=8 January 2020 |title=Hindutva and the Academy: A Conversation with Divya Dwivedi |language=en |work=] |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hindutva-and-the-academy-a-conversation-with-divya-dwivedi/ |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> Her mother is Sunitha Dwivedi and her father, Rakesh Dwivedi, practices as a senior lawyer for the ].<ref name="Chandran 2019">{{cite news|author=Chandran, Cynthia|title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi|work=]|date=11 February 2019|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Varagur 2020"/> Dwivedi's paternal grandfather, ] was a judge at the ], and her maternal grandfather ] was a minister in the union government of India.<ref name="Raveendran 2022">{{cite news |last1=Raveendran |first1=NK |date=15 November 2022 |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |language=en |work=] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref>
⚫ She received her ] degree from ], Delhi and her ] from ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi|title=Divya Dwivedi &#124; Humanities & Social Sciences|website=hss.iitd.ac.in}}</ref> She pursued her ] from ] and received her ] from ].<ref name=":0" />

⚫ She received her ] degree from ], Delhi and her ] from ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi|title=Divya Dwivedi &#124; Humanities & Social Sciences|website=hss.iitd.ac.in}}</ref> She pursued her ] from ] and received her ] from ].<ref name=":0" /> The works of ] were an influence during her university education.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref>


== Career == == Career ==
Divya Dwivedi has taught as an assistant professor at ], and has been adjunct faculty in the English Department at ].<ref name=":0" /> She is an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, ].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref> She teaches advanced topics in Literature and Philosophy, like the Functions of Satire, Art and Technology, Romanticism, Narratology etc. She was a ] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, ] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" /> Dwivedi has taught as an assistant professor at ], and has been adjunct faculty in the English Department at ] and is an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, ].<ref name=":0" /> She teaches in the areas of philosophy and literature.<ref name=":0" /> She was a ] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, ] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" />


⚫ The journal ''Episteme'', produced by ], published a special issue on the work of Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan in 2021,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> including articles by ]<ref name="Bernasconi 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Bernasconi |first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Bernasconi |title=Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan's Gandhi and Philosophy |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=La Caze |first1=Marguerite |author1-link=Marguerite La Caze |title=Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs: Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/cocktails-more-lethal-than-molotovs/ |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>
Dwivedi also contributed and published several research works, mainly in the field of the philosophy of literature, the philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratives, the philosophy of criticism, political philosophy, aesthetics, and critical studies on caste and race.<ref name=":0" />

Dwivedi's political writings have been critical of caste oppression,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-03-15|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> religious discrimination, racism, and Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nancy|first=Jean-Luc|title=La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir|url=https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Libération|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel " The Caravan " est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref>

She is the editor and co-founder of the international multilingual journal '']'' with ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="elle.in"/>

⚫ American journal for critical theory, '']'', published a special issue on the work of Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan in 2021,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> including articles by ]<ref name="Bernasconi 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Bernasconi |first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Bernasconi |title=Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan’s Gandhi and Philosophy |journal=] |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=La Caze |first1=Marguerite |author1-link=Marguerite La Caze |title=Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs: Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy |journal=] |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/cocktails-more-lethal-than-molotovs/ |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>


She is a member of the ''Theory Committee'' of the ] along with ], ] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-06|title=Members ICLA Theory|url=https://iclatheory.org/members|website=www.iclatheory.org}}</ref> Dwivedi is a member of the International Network of Women Philosophers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Divya Dwivedi – Humanities, Arts and Society|url=https://humanitiesartsandsociety.org/magazine/interview-with-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2022-02-18|language=en}}</ref> Dwivedi was elected as a member of the executive council of International Society for the Study of Narrative (ISSN) in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Council |url=https://www.thenarrativesociety.org/executive-council |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=The Narrative Society |language=en-US}}</ref> She is a member of the ''Theory Committee'' of the ] along with ], ] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-06|title=Members ICLA Theory|url=https://iclatheory.org/members|website=www.iclatheory.org}}</ref> Dwivedi is a member of the International Network of Women Philosophers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Divya Dwivedi – Humanities, Arts and Society|url=https://humanitiesartsandsociety.org/magazine/interview-with-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2022-02-18|language=en}}</ref> Dwivedi was elected as a member of the executive council of International Society for the Study of Narrative (ISSN) in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Council |url=https://www.thenarrativesociety.org/executive-council |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=The Narrative Society |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Philosophical works and views== ==Philosophical works and views==
Dwivedi works in the field of the philosophy of literature, the philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratives, the philosophy of criticism, political philosophy, aesthetics, and critical studies on caste and race.<ref name=":0" /> Her philosophical work has been described as ] and ]<ref name="Varagur 2020"/> as well as ''deconstructive materialism''.<ref name="Janardhanan 2021"/> Her philosophical research projects include a focus on ],<ref name="Janardhanan 2021"/> and her school of thought has been described by scholars such as ], ], ] and ] as developing "within a community of friendship with ], ], ], and Barbara Cassin."<ref name="Mediapart 2022">{{Cite web |last=] |first=Les invités de |title=In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/071122/support-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=] |date=7 November 2022 |language=fr}}</ref>
Dwivedi's philosophical standpoint departs from the school of ] and it was described as ''deconstructive materialism''.<ref name="ayyar1">{{Cite news|last=Ayyar|first=Raj|title=Bending the binary|newspaper=]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/bending-the-binary-gandhi-and-philosophy-5952328}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom|url=http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Her philosophical research projects developed in a "community of friendship with Jean-Luc Nancy, Bernard Stiegler, Achille Mbembe, and Barbara Cassin".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mediapart |first=Les invités de |title=In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/071122/support-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}</ref> She publishes in the areas of ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom |url=https://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=positions politics |language=en-US}}</ref> ], ],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=A French-style revolution alone can help India recover from its current caste stasis, says Prof Dwivedi - Asian News from UK |url=https://asianlite.com/2022/top-news/a-french-style-revolution-can-only-help-india-recover-from-its-current-caste-stasis-says-prof-dwivedi/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mediapart |first=Les invités de |title=In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/071122/support-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}</ref>


⚫ In an introduction to the December 2017 ''Women Philosophers' Journal'' guest-edited by Dwivedi, Barbara Cassin wrote Dwivedi belonging to the ] caste "makes her therefore “untouchable”, in a totally different sense than the ]s, the “untouchables”. Untouchable in a very relative sense, for even in the higher castes the woman intellectual is not worth the man intellectual. She is a philosopher and a literary scholar, English is her mother tongue as much as Hindi, and she found herself compelled to reflect on what postcolonial is, what it serves in the subcontinent, and what it is in the name of."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cassin |first1=Barbara |title=Issue N° 4-5: Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Women Philosophers’ Journal |date=December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722053854/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/ |archive-date=22 July 2019}}</ref>
Dwivedi’s work on ] is focused on the theory of drives in ]. Jean-Luc Nancy said that her work on Freud is "very enlightening" and she has "tied up a very important link between the texts of Freud", thereby showing the connections between Freud’s theory of drives, mass psychology and politics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=On Freud's Group Psychology: A Debate |url=https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/articles/on-freuds-group-psychology-a-debate-j-l-nancy-d-dwivedi-s-benvenuto/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=European Journal of Psychoanalysis |language=en}}</ref>


⚫ === ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' ===
=== School of thought ===
⚫ {{Main|Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics}}
Dwivedi said that philosophy is a disruptive practice following from the ] model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.governancenow.com/views/interview/in-search-of-gandhis-answer-to-the-question-what-a-human-life-should-be|title=In search of Gandhi's answer to the question: 'What a human life should be', Interview|first=Ashish|last=Mehta|website=Governance Now|date=2019-04-05}}</ref> Following from it there is "a necessary relation between philosophy and politics". She is opposed to treating philosophical traditions as adjectives of philosophical practice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde|title=Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde|website=France Culture}}</ref>
⚫ In 2018, Dwivedi co-authored '']'' with the philosopher ]. The book examines different aspects of ]'s thought from a new philosophical system.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> ] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and said that it gives a new orientation to philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/933644/what-different-theories-of-philosophy-tell-us-about-gandhis-experiments-with-truth|title=Book Excerpt: What different theories of philosophy tell us about Gandhi's experiments with truth|website=]|date=13 August 2019 }}</ref>


⚫ ''The Book Review'' said that the philosophical project of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/|title=Philosophizing Gandhi|last=Tankha|first=V|website=The Book Review}}</ref> ] writes, "It is a challenging book to read. Familiar words that you think you understand the meaning of are used incongruously and only as you read through the book and come across occurrence after occurrence of these words do you get a new understanding of what that word might now mean. Similarly, they adopt words that seem to be new words, that are certainly new to me, and then slowly as one reads the book one comes to recognise what one can do with language."<ref name="Bernasconi 2021"/> According to J. Reghu in a review for ''The Wire'', the book "often reads like a thriller, but at times it demands careful attention, which is not surprising since it is an original work in philosophy already recognised by some of the important contemporary philosophers such as Nancy, Stiegler and Bernasconi."<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=]}}</ref>
⚫ In an introduction to the December 2017 ''Women Philosphers' Journal'' guest-edited by Dwivedi, ] wrote Dwivedi "is a philosopher" whose refusal to make "the post-colonial the first and the last word undoubtedly allows us to clarify with greater precision what is happening to women, philosophers and intellectuals in India today".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cassin |first1=Barbara |title=Issue N° 4-5: Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Women Philosophers’ Journal |date=December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722053854/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/ |archive-date=22 July 2019}}</ref>


In a review for '']'', Tridip Suhrud describes the book as "subversive but deeply affectionate" and writes that the authors, "through their doubt affirm Gandhi as a serious philosopher for our times and beyond."<ref name="auto82">{{Cite news |last=Suhrud |first=Tridip |date=2019-08-17 |title='Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith |newspaper=] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/gandhi-and-philosophy-on-theological-anti-politics-review-leap-of-faith/article29118506.ece}}</ref> In a review for '']'', Raj Ayyar stated, "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork — hagiography or vituperation — as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi".<ref name="ayyar1">{{Cite news|last=Ayyar|first=Raj|title=Bending the binary|newspaper=]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/bending-the-binary-gandhi-and-philosophy-5952328}}</ref>{{verify inline|date=December 2023|reason=Speculative fix for undefined reference}} Cynthia Chandran, writing for the '']'' noted that the "book reveals a materialist, internationalist Gandhiji who develops the ultimate revolutionary political program".<ref name="Chronicle 2019">{{cite web |last=Chronicle |first=Deccan |date=2019-02-11 |title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
In an interview with '']'' Dwivedi said that postcolonial theory and Hindu nationalism are two versions of the same theory, and that they are both upper caste political projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed|title=Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed'|last=Confavreux|first=Joseph|website=mediapart.fr|date=27 May 2018}}</ref> Dwivedi noted that in the field of ] postcolonial theory remains an upper caste theoretical standpoint which has been preventing lower caste feminists from opening their own currents in the context of the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/amid-changing-nature-of-sex-as-an-activity-debates-over-raya-sarkars-list-represent-post-colonial-binaries-4194227.html|title=Amid changing nature of sex as an activity, debates over Raya Sarkar's list represent post-colonial binaries|website=Firstpost|date=5 November 2017}}</ref> Dwivedi wrote in her editorial introduction to the '']'' journal ''La Revue des Femmes-Philosophes'' that postcolonial theory is continuous with Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265538|title=N° 4-5 / December 2017 ''Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species''|website=www.unesco.org}}</ref>{{quote|text=Together, postcolonialism and subaltern theory have established the paradigm of research in humanities and social sciences—in India and abroad—over the past four decades. "Eurocentrism", "historicisation", and "postcolonialism" are also the operative terms through which the Hindu nationalist discourse conserves the caste order.}}


===Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics===
⚫ === ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' ===
''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics'' is a book Divya Dwivedi co-authored with ], published by ] in the United Kingdom and Westland for India in 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom |url=https://thewire.in/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=thewire.in}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVwBEQAAQBAJ |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-04-11 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=978-1-80526-174-2 |language=en}}</ref> It was introduced, edited, and annotated with a philosophical ] by Maël Montévil who is a theoretical biologist and philosopher of science working at the ]. The book is a collection of essays and interviews that deal with topics including the theoretical basis for caste oppression, Hindu nationalism, ] and ]. Henrik Schedin said in Parabol Magazine that this book radically transforms the way India and Indian politics are understood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion döljer klass i Narendra Modis Indien |url=https://www.parabol.press/religion-doljer-klass-i-narendra-modis-indien/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Parabol |language=sv-SE}}</ref>
⚫ In 2018, Dwivedi co-authored '']'' with the philosopher ]. The book examines different aspects of ]'s thought from a new philosophical system.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gandhi-and-philosophy-9781474221719/|title=Gandhi and Philosophy|website=]}}</ref> ] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and said that it gives a new orientation to philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/933644/what-different-theories-of-philosophy-tell-us-about-gandhis-experiments-with-truth|title=Book Excerpt: What different theories of philosophy tell us about Gandhi's experiments with truth|website=]}}</ref>


The review in ] focused on the global implications and the theoretical aspects of Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution. The complicity of “western academia” in “a new global system of exploitation” is a theme in the book. As per ''Contemporary Political Theory'', “Western academia (not just philosophy) should listen today if it wants to be prepared for tomorrow.”<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perica |first=Ivana |date=2024-10-03 |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-024-00727-8 |journal=Contemporary Political Theory |language=en |doi=10.1057/s41296-024-00727-8 |issn=1476-9336|doi-access=free }}</ref> The review in Inverse Journal said that the theory of history in the book show two opposing historiographical styles. One of these is called “ancestral model of historiography” and it is “based on the positing of a hypostatized ‘common ancestor’ as ground of the identity of a people or a culture” which is the basis of racialised histories. It is opposed with “''anastatic'' model of historiography that doesn’t ground common life in a common ancestor. Instead, it bastardizes history. The histories of forms of life are constituted by mixing of people, knowledges, and techniques”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toward a Philosophy of Revolution: Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan on Caste and Politics in India — by Waseem Malik |url=https://www.inversejournal.com/2024/10/27/toward-a-philosophy-of-revolution-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan-on-caste-and-politics-in-india-by-waseem-malik/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>
The book proposes that in addition to the ] tendency in philosophy there is a 'hypophysical tendency'; hypophysics is defined as "a conception of nature as value". As per hypophysics the distance from ] that human beings and natural objects come to have through the effects of ] lessens their value, or brings them closer to ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29575546.ece|title=Gandhi's Experiments with Hypophysics|website=]}}</ref> Gandhi's concept of passive force or ] is an implication of his hypophysical commitment to nature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/second-thoughts/|title= A philosophical appraisal of Gandhi's outlook and ideas|first=Siddharth|last=Singh|website=]|date= 27 September 2019}}</ref> Dwivedi made a separation between ''metaphysics'' and ''hypophysics'' in her ] lecture, "While both seek to diagnose the 'west', each opens on to distinct futures: metaphysics to an "other thinking" than philosophy, hypophysics to the other of thinking itself".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-schools-and-institutes/faculty-of-arts/school-of-humanities/undergraduate-courses/philosophy/rip-public-lectures/shaj-mohan-new-delhi-and-divya-dwivedi-iit-delhi/|title=Gandhi's Hypophysics (Dwivedi)|website=]: Public Lectures}}</ref>


Lakshmi Subramanian in her review for ] and other reviewers summarised the political arguments of the book as against “upper caste supremacism” of all kinds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Lakshmi |date=12 July 2024 |title=A courageous scrutiny |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/culture/books/a-courageous-scrutiny-this-collection-of-essays-short-pieces-and-interviews-is-an-exercise-in-exemplary-courage-the-courage-to-call-out-the-authoritarianism-of-the-regime-and-the-inequities-of-cast/cid/2033160 |access-date=14 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph India}}</ref> Subramanian wrote that ''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution'' calls out the construction of Hindu religion in the 20th century by the upper castes of India as a ploy to hide lower caste majority and suppress their desire to come to power. Through the category of Hindu religion “upper caste supremacism that was able to effectively control and dominate subaltern society”. She added that “caste lines permeated all religions in the subcontinent”.
''Gandhi and Philosophy'' identifies racism with caste practices and ascribes a form of ] to Gandhi.<ref name="ayyar1" /> Dwivedi has said Gandhi "invented a new basis for racism, which is based on moral superiority".<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/a-new-book-examines-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-the-father-of-the-nation-5910744/|title= A new book examines what we talk about when we talk about the Father of the Nation :Reading the Mahatma, Interview|first=Aakash|last=Joshi|website=]|date= 2019-08-18}}</ref> In a review of the book in '']'', Aakash Joshi says of the authors, "Perhaps it is because they are not tied to Gandhi’s political project - secularism of a particular kind, freedom from colonial concepts, caste without violence - that they are capable of addressing the more uncomfortable aspects of his life and politics."<ref name="auto5" />


The theoretical framework of the book goes beyond the Indian context as ] said that it is a “required reading for anyone who wants to understand the precipice toward which our entire world is heading ... a book for everyone who seriously wants to think”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom |url=https://thewire.in/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=thewire.in}}</ref> ] said that the world should “listen and learn” from it since “Not since the days of ] has philosophy addressed political issues with the directness and clarity that Dwivedi and Mohan”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution {{!}} Hurst Publishers |url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/indian-philosophy-indian-revolution/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=HURST |language=en-GB}}</ref>
⚫ ''The Book Review'' said that the philosophical project of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/|title=Philosophizing Gandhi|last=Tankha|first=V|website=The Book Review}}</ref> ] writes, "It is a challenging book to read. Familiar words that you think you understand the meaning of are used incongruously and only as you read through the book and come across occurrence after occurrence of these words do you get a new understanding of what that word might now mean. Similarly, they adopt words that seem to be new words, that are certainly new to me, and then slowly as one reads the book one comes to recognise what one can do with language."<ref name="Bernasconi 2021"/> According to J. Reghu in a review for ''The Wire'', the book "often reads like a thriller, but at times it demands careful attention, which is not surprising since it is an original work in philosophy already recognised by some of the important contemporary philosophers such as Nancy, Stiegler and Bernasconi."<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=]}}</ref>


The revolutionary core of the book was noted in a review in The Wire as “committed to the revolutionary anti-caste project” and that its goal is to lead the lower caste majority to political power in all areas of life.<ref name=":1" /> ] stated that it was a book of revolutionary theory and is a “call for an unambiguous rise to power in all areas of political and social life from the Dalit-Bahujan majority through an understanding of a revolutionary theory”.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=Dissecting the politics of caste {{!}} Book review |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/features/books/book-review-of-indian-philosophy-indian-revolution-on-caste-and-politics-1.9621316 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref> The review by Aarushi Punia in Maktoob Media credited the book with producing the concepts and theoretical tools to diagnose caste oppression, to form a majority and it is “imagining a way in which lower castes, who affirmatively form over 90% of the population, can seize power”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Punia |first=Aarushi |date=2024-04-25 |title=Polynomial Politics: Imagining India as a Country Led by Lower Castes |url=https://maktoobmedia.com/more/bookshelf/polynomial-politics-imagining-india-as-a-country-led-by-lower-castes/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Maktoob media |language=en-US}}</ref> The theory of history in the book was described by The Wire as a new model for ] without recourse to “ancestral models” such as would be the “Aryan doctrine”. Jérôme Lèbre wrote in a long form essay for the French journal AOC Media that the book's concepts and arguments are related to the other works of the authors. It shows the development of concepts and political strategies for theoretically discussing caste oppression side by side.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lèbre |first=Jérôme |date=2024-05-09 |title=En finir avec l'hindouisme, révolutionner l'Inde : la philosophie de Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan - AOC media |url=https://aoc.media/analyse/2024/05/09/en-finir-avec-lhindouisme-revolutionner-linde-la-philosophie-de-divya-dwivedi-et-shaj-mohan/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
In a review for '']'', Tridip Suhrud describes the book as "subversive but deeply affectionate" and writes that the authors, "through their doubt affirm Gandhi as a serious philosopher for our times and beyond."<ref name="auto8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/gandhi-and-philosophy-on-theological-anti-politics-review-leap-of-faith/article29118506.ece|title='Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith|last=Suhrud|first=Tridip|date=2019-08-17|newspaper=]}}</ref> In a review for the '']'', Raj Ayyar stated, "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork — hagiography or vituperation — as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi".<ref name="ayyar1" />


== Scholarship and public commentary== == Public commentary==
In addition to her authored and edited books, Dwivedi has written and co-written essays and articles, as well as spoken publicly about her scholarship.
In addition to her authored and edited books, Dwivedi has written and co-written essays and articles, as well as spoken publicly about her scholarship. In 2019, she co-authored an article with ] titled "Courage to Begin" in '']'', which was described by the journalist NK Raveendran as "shattering the established wisdoms about modern India."<ref name="Raveendran 2022">{{cite news |last1=Raveendran |first1=NK |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=] |date=15 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> After the ''Indian Express'' article was published, she participated in a 2019 debate on ].<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/><ref name="Ballas 2023">{{Cite web |last=Ballas |first=Anthony |date=2023-10-05 |title=Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India’s Right Wing |url=https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Protean Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> A clip of the video was circulated widely, and Dwidevi became the target of death threats.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> She also received criticism from academics and on social media,<ref name="Varagur 2020">{{cite news |last1=Varagur |first1=Krithika |title=Hindutva and the Academy: A Conversation with Divya Dwivedi |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hindutva-and-the-academy-a-conversation-with-divya-dwivedi/ |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=] |date=8 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> including historian ] and a spokesperson for ] (BJYM) Chandigarh.<ref name="Sharma 2019">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Kritika |title=IIT-Delhi faculty calls Hindu religion a 20th century invention, triggers controversy |url=https://theprint.in/india/iit-delhi-faculty-hindu-religion-20th-century-invention-controversy/302088/ |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=] |date=7 October 2019}}</ref> In a statement provided by Dwidevi to '']'', she referred to academic studies, and to her co-authored work in ''The Indian Express'' as "a lengthier statement on these matters."<ref name="Sharma 2019"/>


In 2019, Dwivedi participated in a debate on ] about ] and politics;<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/> discussing caste, she described how — in her opinion — in the early 20th century, upper-caste Hindu leaders invented an all-encompassing Hinduism to obfuscate the numerical preponderance of lower caste people in India and construct a false majority.<ref name="Ballas 2023">{{Cite web |last=Ballas |first=Anthony |date=2023-10-05 |title=Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India's Right Wing |url=https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Protean Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Sharma 2019">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Kritika |date=7 October 2019 |title=IIT-Delhi faculty calls Hindu religion a 20th century invention, triggers controversy |work=] |url=https://theprint.in/india/iit-delhi-faculty-hindu-religion-20th-century-invention-controversy/302088/ |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> A clip of the video circulated widely, and Dwivedi received threats from the Hindu right.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> Krithika Varagur, writing for the '']'', noted her ideas to be inimical to the essence of Hindu nationalism which posited Hinduism as an eternal and perfect religion, beyond the constraints of history.<ref name="Varagur 2020" />
⚫ In January 2021, Dwivedi co-authored an essay titled "The Hindu Hoax" with Shaj Mohan and academician J Reghu in '']'' after they conducted two years of research.<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/> Dwivedi and her co-authors then received threats and harassment on social media, and in 2021, ] wrote a defense of the authors and their article in the '']''.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /><ref name="Raveendran 2022"/> Academics also signed a public statement of support for the authors.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> Rajesh Selvaraj, a professor of Tamil literature, published a translated version of essay as a book.<ref name="Selvaraj 2023">{{cite news |last1=Selvaraj |first1=Rajesh |title=Who Can Quarrel with the Feast of Truth: On Divya Dwivedi |url=https://en.themooknayak.com/discussion-interview/who-can-quarrel-with-the-feast-of-truth-on-divya-dwivedi |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=] |date=23 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>


⚫ In January 2021, Dwivedi co-authored an essay titled "''The Hindu Hoax: How upper castes invented a Hindu majority''" with Shaj Mohan and academician J Reghu in '']''.<ref name="Raveendran 2022" /> Dwivedi and her co-authors were subject to fresh threats and harassment on social media; ] wrote a defense of the authors and their article in the ''],''<ref name="Raveendran 2022" /> and numerous academics signed a public statement of support for the authors.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> Rajesh Selvaraj, a professor of Tamil literature, published a translated version of the essay as a book.<ref name="Selvaraj 2023">{{cite news |last1=Selvaraj |first1=Rajesh |title=Who Can Quarrel with the Feast of Truth: On Divya Dwivedi |url=https://en.themooknayak.com/discussion-interview/who-can-quarrel-with-the-feast-of-truth-on-divya-dwivedi |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=] |date=23 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2022, Dwivedi gave an interview to ''Asianlite'' that was described by Anthony Ballas in ''Protean Magazine'' as "visciously attacked by the right-wing."<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> A public statement defending Dwivedi and Mohan was signed by scholars, including ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="Ballas 2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mediapart |first=Les invités de |title=In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/071122/support-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=] |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=International community expresses solidarity with Divya Dwivedi, Shaj Mohan |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/india/international-community-expresses-solidarity-with-the-divya-dwivedi-shaj-mohan-1.8025674 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref>


In September 2023, Dwivedi gave an interview to '']'', which led to further threats.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> On September 13, 2023, '']'' reported comments made by Dwivedi in the interview were "misrepresented by a group of people in cyberspace who are accusing Divya of making disparaging comments against Hinduism and India," and death threats had been made against her.<ref name="Mathrubhumi 20232">{{cite news |date=13 September 2023 |title=Death threats over remarks on Hinduism: Kerala writers stand in solidarity with Divya Dwivedi |language=en |work=] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/writers-stand-in-solidarity-with-divya-dwivedi-1.8900370 |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> According to Rajesh Selvaraj in an article published in '']'' on October 23, 2023, "many friends and I watched in horror as her name began to trend in social media and threats being thrown like chaff and dust into the wind, while her words were being distorted and mutilated to mislead the people by the far right media."<ref name="Selvaraj 2023"/> Since then, Dwivedi has been consistently targeted by the Hindu Right for her interviews.<ref name="Mediapart 2022" /><ref name="Ballas 2023" /> Other academics and writers have expressed their routine solidarities.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /><ref name="Mathrubhumi 20232">{{cite news |date=13 September 2023 |title=Death threats over remarks on Hinduism: Kerala writers stand in solidarity with Divya Dwivedi |language=en |work=] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/writers-stand-in-solidarity-with-divya-dwivedi-1.8900370 |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref>


== Selected works ==
According to ] in a statement of support published in October 2023, Dwivedi "is threatening to her opponents within India because she is thinking against the grain, when others are falling in line."<ref name="Ballas 2023"/> Ajay S Sekher said in an October 2023 statement of support that her work "exposes and criticizes epistemologically the violence of the caste-ridden society" and its patriarchal system.<ref name="Ballas 2023"/>
=== Books ===
* ''Indian Philosophy,'' ''Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics'', Dwivedi, Divya; Mohan, Shaj; edited and annotated by Montévil, Maël, ], UK, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom |url=https://thewire.in/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=thewire.in |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaMo0AEACAAJ |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-02-29 |publisher=C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited |isbn=978-1-911723-23-3 |language=en}}</ref>
Dwivedi has also expressed public support for individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi pledges support for research scholar protesting against university |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/mg-university-strike-1.6159026 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi extends support to Anupama Chandran |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/keralachildadoptioncase-1.6192836 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> In January 2023, ] and other media outlets reported that Dwivedi "expressed her concerns over the ongoing protest against alleged caste discrimination at ] (KRNNIVSA) in Kottayam".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divya Dwivedi expresses concerns over Kerala film institute row |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/kerala/divya-dwivedi-expresses-concerns-over-kerala-film-institute-row-1.8234906 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
* {{cite book |last1=Mohan |first1=Shaj |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=] |date=2018 |publisher=] |location= |isbn=9781474221733}}

* ''Jean-Luc Nancy, Anastasis de la pensée'', Edited by Divya Dwivedi, Jérôme Lèbre, Maël Montévil, and François Warin, introduction by Divya Dwivedi, Jérôme Lèbre and Shaj Mohan, postface ], Edition Hermann, Paris, 2023.
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |title=The Public Sphere From Outside the West |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9781472571922 |editor1-last=Dwivedi |editor1-first=Divya |language=en |editor2-last=V |editor2-first=Sanil}}
*; Authored books
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Dwivedi |editor1-first=Divya |title=Narratology and ideology: negotiating context, form, and theory in postcolonial narratives |editor2-last=Skov Nielsen |editor2-first=Henrik |editor3-last=Walsh |editor3-first=Richard |date=2018 |publisher=Ohio State University Press |isbn=9780814213698 |location=Columbus}}<ref>{{cite journal |date=June 22, 2018 |title=Weekly Book List |journal=] |volume=64 |issue=36 |via=Academic Search Complete}}</ref>
⚫ ** ''],'' Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
* {{cite book |title=Virality of Evil: Philosophy in the Time of a Pandemic |date=2022 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=9781538164709 |editor1-last=Dwivedi |editor1-first=Divya |language=en-us}}
=== Articles, essays, and interviews ===
* {{cite journal |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |title=Critical Nation |journal=] |date=1 December 2007 |volume=42 |issue=48 |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2007/48/special-articles/critical-nation.html |language=en}}<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Reghu |first1=J. |title=Book Review: Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy |url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review |access-date=25 November 2023 |work=] |date=14 April 2019}}</ref>
*{{cite news |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |title=The Hoax of the Cave |url=https://thewire.in/politics/narendra-modi-cave-meditation |work=] |date=21 May 2019}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Apter |first1=Emily |title=Alphabetic Memes: Caricature, Satire, and Political Literacy in the Age of Trump |journal=] |date=October 2019 |volume=170 |pages=5–24 |doi=10.1162/octo_a_00366 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Janardhanan 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Janardhanan |first1=Reghu |title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/}}</ref>
* {{cite news |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |title=Courage to begin |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/gandhi-jayanti-anniversary-150-a-new-afterlife-6034217/ |work=] |date=29 September 2019 |language=en}}<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Todaro |first1=Benedetta |title=Neither "Matter" nor "Mutter": On Dwivedi and Mohan's "Gandhi and Philosophy" |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/neither-matter-nor-mutter-on-dwivedi-and-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ |access-date=25 November 2023}}</ref>
* {{cite news |last1=Baradaran |first1=Kamran |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA |url=https://www.ilna.ir/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna |work=] |date=3 May 2020 |language=en}} (interview)<ref name="Janardhanan 2021"/><ref name="Ballas 2023"/>
* {{cite news |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |last3=Reghu |first3=J |title=The Hindu Hoax: How upper castes invented a Hindu majority |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority |work=] |date=31 December 2020 |language=en}}<ref name="Selvaraj 2023"/><ref name="Ballas 2023"/><ref name="Raveendran 2022"/>
* {{cite journal |last1=Mohan |first1=Shaj |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=The Endogenous Ends of Education (for Aaron Swartz)|journal=European Journal of Psychoanalysis |date=28 February 2021 |url=https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/articles/the-endogenous-ends-of-education-for-aaron-swartz-2/ |language=en |issn=2284-1059}}<ref name="Ballas 2023"/>
* {{cite book |author1=Divya Dwivedi |title=Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy |date=2021 |publisher=] |isbn=9780367713669 |editor1-last=Castrillón |editor1-first=Fernando |chapter=A Flight Indestinate |editor2-last=Marchevsky |editor2-first=Thomas}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chambers |first1=Claire |title=Unreliable Witnesses? |url=https://3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2021/12/unreliable-witnesses.html |access-date=19 November 2023 |work=] |date=27 December 2021}}</ref>
* {{cite speech|title="A Mystery of Mysteries!–"|first=Dwivedi |last=Divya|event=On the Centennial of Freud's “Massenpsychologie und Ich-analyse”, Jan 2021 - Dec 2021 |journal=European Journal of Psychoanalysis|date=April 23, 2021 |url=https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/articles/a-mystery-of-mysteries-d-dwivedi/ |access-date=December 8, 2023}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nancy |first1=Jean-Luc |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |last3=Benvenuto |first3=Sergio |author1-link=Jean-Luc Nancy |author3-link=Sergio Benvenuto |title=On Freud's Group Psychology: A Debate |journal=European Journal of Psychoanalysis |date=30 April 2021 |url=https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/articles/on-freuds-group-psychology-a-debate-j-l-nancy-d-dwivedi-s-benvenuto/ |access-date=9 December 2023 |series=On the Centennial of Freud's "Massenpsychologie und Ich-analyse", Jan 2021 - Dec 2021}}</ref>
* {{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Abhish K |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=A French-style revolution alone can help India recover from its current caste stasis, says Prof Dwivedi |url=https://asianlite.com/2022/top-news/a-french-style-revolution-can-only-help-india-recover-from-its-current-caste-stasis-says-prof-dwivedi/ |access-date=19 November 2023 |work=Asian Lite International |date=18 October 2022}} (interview)<ref name="Ballas 2023"/>
* {{cite journal |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |title=The Evasive Racism of Caste - and the Homological Power of the "Aryan" Doctrine |journal=] |date=27 January 2023 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=209–245 |doi=10.5325/critphilrace.11.1.0209|s2cid=257998703 }}<ref name="Selvaraj 2023"/>


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* Rex Butler, "", ''Philosophy World Democracy''. * Rex Butler, "", ''Philosophy World Democracy''.
*R. Janardhanan, "", ''Positions Politics'', 2021.
*D. J. Smith "", ''episteme'', issue 4. *D. J. Smith "", ''episteme'', issue 4.
* R. Janardhanan, "", ‘’Philosophy World Democracy’’ * R. Janardhanan, "", ‘’Philosophy World Democracy’’
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Latest revision as of 15:19, 26 December 2024

Indian philosopher
Divya Dwivedi
Dwivedi speaking at the India International Centre, New Delhi
Alma materLady Shri Ram College (BA)
St. Stephen's College, Delhi (MA)
Delhi University (M.Phil)
IIT Delhi (PhD)
Notable workGandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics
EraContemporary philosophy
SchoolDeconstruction
InstitutionsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Delhi University
St. Stephen's College, Delhi
Main interestsPhilosophy of literature, aesthetics, philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratology, critical philosophy of caste and race, political thought of Gandhi

Divya Dwivedi is an Indian philosopher and author. She is an associate professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Her work includes a focus on philosophy of literature, aesthetics, philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratology, revolutionary theory, critical philosophy of caste and race, and the political thought of Gandhi. She is the co-author of Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics and Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics.

Early life and education

Dwivedi is originally from Allahabad. Her mother is Sunitha Dwivedi and her father, Rakesh Dwivedi, practices as a senior lawyer for the Supreme Court of India. Dwivedi's paternal grandfather, S. N. Dwivedi was a judge at the Supreme Court of India, and her maternal grandfather Raj Mangal Pande was a minister in the union government of India.

She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi and her Master's degree from St. Stephen's College. She pursued her M.Phil from University of Delhi and received her doctorate from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. The works of Jean-Luc Nancy were an influence during her university education.

Career

Dwivedi has taught as an assistant professor at St. Stephen's College, Delhi, and has been adjunct faculty in the English Department at Delhi University and is an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Delhi. She teaches in the areas of philosophy and literature. She was a visiting scholar at Centre for Fictionality Studies, Aarhus University in 2013 and 2014.

The journal Episteme, produced by Rutgers University, published a special issue on the work of Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan in 2021, including articles by Robert Bernasconi and Marguerite La Caze.

She is a member of the Theory Committee of the International Comparative Literature Association along with Robert J. C. Young, Stefan Willer and others. Dwivedi is a member of the International Network of Women Philosophers. Dwivedi was elected as a member of the executive council of International Society for the Study of Narrative (ISSN) in 2022.

Philosophical works and views

Dwivedi works in the field of the philosophy of literature, the philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratives, the philosophy of criticism, political philosophy, aesthetics, and critical studies on caste and race. Her philosophical work has been described as deconstruction and continental philosophy as well as deconstructive materialism. Her philosophical research projects include a focus on narratology, and her school of thought has been described by scholars such as Étienne Balibar, Slavoj Žižek, Georges Didi-Huberman and Barbara Cassin as developing "within a community of friendship with Jean-Luc Nancy, Bernard Stiegler, Achille Mbembe, and Barbara Cassin."

In an introduction to the December 2017 Women Philosophers' Journal guest-edited by Dwivedi, Barbara Cassin wrote Dwivedi belonging to the Brahmin caste "makes her therefore “untouchable”, in a totally different sense than the dalits, the “untouchables”. Untouchable in a very relative sense, for even in the higher castes the woman intellectual is not worth the man intellectual. She is a philosopher and a literary scholar, English is her mother tongue as much as Hindi, and she found herself compelled to reflect on what postcolonial is, what it serves in the subcontinent, and what it is in the name of."

Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics

Main article: Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics

In 2018, Dwivedi co-authored Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics with the philosopher Shaj Mohan. The book examines different aspects of Mahatma Gandhi's thought from a new philosophical system. Jean-Luc Nancy wrote the foreword to Gandhi and Philosophy and said that it gives a new orientation to philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.

The Book Review said that the philosophical project of Gandhi and Philosophy is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy". Robert Bernasconi writes, "It is a challenging book to read. Familiar words that you think you understand the meaning of are used incongruously and only as you read through the book and come across occurrence after occurrence of these words do you get a new understanding of what that word might now mean. Similarly, they adopt words that seem to be new words, that are certainly new to me, and then slowly as one reads the book one comes to recognise what one can do with language." According to J. Reghu in a review for The Wire, the book "often reads like a thriller, but at times it demands careful attention, which is not surprising since it is an original work in philosophy already recognised by some of the important contemporary philosophers such as Nancy, Stiegler and Bernasconi."

In a review for The Hindu, Tridip Suhrud describes the book as "subversive but deeply affectionate" and writes that the authors, "through their doubt affirm Gandhi as a serious philosopher for our times and beyond." In a review for The Indian Express, Raj Ayyar stated, "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork — hagiography or vituperation — as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi". Cynthia Chandran, writing for the Deccan Chronicle noted that the "book reveals a materialist, internationalist Gandhiji who develops the ultimate revolutionary political program".

Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics

Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics is a book Divya Dwivedi co-authored with Shaj Mohan, published by Hurst Publishers in the United Kingdom and Westland for India in 2024. It was introduced, edited, and annotated with a philosophical glossary by Maël Montévil who is a theoretical biologist and philosopher of science working at the École normale supérieure, Paris. The book is a collection of essays and interviews that deal with topics including the theoretical basis for caste oppression, Hindu nationalism, philosophy of history and revolution. Henrik Schedin said in Parabol Magazine that this book radically transforms the way India and Indian politics are understood.

The review in Contemporary Political Theory focused on the global implications and the theoretical aspects of Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution. The complicity of “western academia” in “a new global system of exploitation” is a theme in the book. As per Contemporary Political Theory, “Western academia (not just philosophy) should listen today if it wants to be prepared for tomorrow.” The review in Inverse Journal said that the theory of history in the book show two opposing historiographical styles. One of these is called “ancestral model of historiography” and it is “based on the positing of a hypostatized ‘common ancestor’ as ground of the identity of a people or a culture” which is the basis of racialised histories. It is opposed with “anastatic model of historiography that doesn’t ground common life in a common ancestor. Instead, it bastardizes history. The histories of forms of life are constituted by mixing of people, knowledges, and techniques”.

Lakshmi Subramanian in her review for The Telegraph and other reviewers summarised the political arguments of the book as against “upper caste supremacism” of all kinds. Subramanian wrote that Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution calls out the construction of Hindu religion in the 20th century by the upper castes of India as a ploy to hide lower caste majority and suppress their desire to come to power. Through the category of Hindu religion “upper caste supremacism that was able to effectively control and dominate subaltern society”. She added that “caste lines permeated all religions in the subcontinent”.

The theoretical framework of the book goes beyond the Indian context as Slavoj Žižek said that it is a “required reading for anyone who wants to understand the precipice toward which our entire world is heading ... a book for everyone who seriously wants to think”. Robert Bernasconi said that the world should “listen and learn” from it since “Not since the days of Sartre has philosophy addressed political issues with the directness and clarity that Dwivedi and Mohan”.

The revolutionary core of the book was noted in a review in The Wire as “committed to the revolutionary anti-caste project” and that its goal is to lead the lower caste majority to political power in all areas of life. Mathrubhumi stated that it was a book of revolutionary theory and is a “call for an unambiguous rise to power in all areas of political and social life from the Dalit-Bahujan majority through an understanding of a revolutionary theory”. The review by Aarushi Punia in Maktoob Media credited the book with producing the concepts and theoretical tools to diagnose caste oppression, to form a majority and it is “imagining a way in which lower castes, who affirmatively form over 90% of the population, can seize power”. The theory of history in the book was described by The Wire as a new model for historiography without recourse to “ancestral models” such as would be the “Aryan doctrine”. Jérôme Lèbre wrote in a long form essay for the French journal AOC Media that the book's concepts and arguments are related to the other works of the authors. It shows the development of concepts and political strategies for theoretically discussing caste oppression side by side.

Public commentary

In addition to her authored and edited books, Dwivedi has written and co-written essays and articles, as well as spoken publicly about her scholarship.

In 2019, Dwivedi participated in a debate on NDTV about Mahatma Gandhi and politics; discussing caste, she described how — in her opinion — in the early 20th century, upper-caste Hindu leaders invented an all-encompassing Hinduism to obfuscate the numerical preponderance of lower caste people in India and construct a false majority. A clip of the video circulated widely, and Dwivedi received threats from the Hindu right. Krithika Varagur, writing for the Los Angeles Review of Books, noted her ideas to be inimical to the essence of Hindu nationalism which posited Hinduism as an eternal and perfect religion, beyond the constraints of history.

In January 2021, Dwivedi co-authored an essay titled "The Hindu Hoax: How upper castes invented a Hindu majority" with Shaj Mohan and academician J Reghu in The Caravan. Dwivedi and her co-authors were subject to fresh threats and harassment on social media; Jean-Luc Nancy wrote a defense of the authors and their article in the Libération, and numerous academics signed a public statement of support for the authors. Rajesh Selvaraj, a professor of Tamil literature, published a translated version of the essay as a book.

Since then, Dwivedi has been consistently targeted by the Hindu Right for her interviews. Other academics and writers have expressed their routine solidarities.

Selected works

Books

  • Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics, Dwivedi, Divya; Mohan, Shaj; edited and annotated by Montévil, Maël, Hurst Publishers, UK, 2024.
  • Mohan, Shaj; Dwivedi, Divya (2018). Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781474221733.
  • Jean-Luc Nancy, Anastasis de la pensée, Edited by Divya Dwivedi, Jérôme Lèbre, Maël Montévil, and François Warin, introduction by Divya Dwivedi, Jérôme Lèbre and Shaj Mohan, postface Etienne Balibar, Edition Hermann, Paris, 2023.
  • Dwivedi, Divya; V, Sanil, eds. (2015). The Public Sphere From Outside the West. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781472571922.
  • Dwivedi, Divya; Skov Nielsen, Henrik; Walsh, Richard, eds. (2018). Narratology and ideology: negotiating context, form, and theory in postcolonial narratives. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. ISBN 9780814213698.
  • Dwivedi, Divya, ed. (2022). Virality of Evil: Philosophy in the Time of a Pandemic. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781538164709.

Articles, essays, and interviews

See also

References

  1. "#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe". Elle India. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  2. Dwivedi, Divya; Mohan, Shaj (11 April 2024). Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics. Hurst Publishers. ISBN 978-1-80526-174-2.
  3. ^ "Dissecting the politics of caste | Book review". English.Mathrubhumi. 8 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  4. ^ "Divya Dwivedi | Humanities & Social Sciences". hss.iitd.ac.in.
  5. ^ Chandran, Cynthia (11 February 2019). "New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  6. ^ Varagur, Krithika (8 January 2020). "Hindutva and the Academy: A Conversation with Divya Dwivedi". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  7. ^ Raveendran, NK (15 November 2022). "Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere". English.Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  8. "The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA". ILNA. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  9. "Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination". positions politics. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  10. ^ Bernasconi, Robert (February 2021). "Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan's Gandhi and Philosophy". Episteme (4). Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  11. La Caze, Marguerite (February 2021). "Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs: Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy". Episteme (4). Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  12. "Members ICLA Theory". www.iclatheory.org. 6 July 2015.
  13. "Interview with Divya Dwivedi – Humanities, Arts and Society". Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  14. "Executive Council". The Narrative Society. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  15. ^ Janardhanan, Reghu (February 2021). "The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom". Episteme (4).
  16. ^ Mediapart, Les invités de (7 November 2022). "In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  17. Cassin, Barbara (December 2017). "Issue N° 4-5: Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species". Women Philosophers’ Journal. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  18. "Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination". positions politics. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  19. "Book Excerpt: What different theories of philosophy tell us about Gandhi's experiments with truth". Scroll.in. 13 August 2019.
  20. Tankha, V. "Philosophizing Gandhi". The Book Review.
  21. "Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy". The Wire.
  22. Suhrud, Tridip (17 August 2019). "'Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith". The Hindu.
  23. Ayyar, Raj. "Bending the binary". The Indian Express.
  24. Chronicle, Deccan (11 February 2019). "New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  25. ^ "An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom". thewire.in. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  26. Dwivedi, Divya; Mohan, Shaj (11 April 2024). Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics. Hurst Publishers. ISBN 978-1-80526-174-2.
  27. "Religion döljer klass i Narendra Modis Indien". Parabol (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  28. Perica, Ivana (3 October 2024). "Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics". Contemporary Political Theory. doi:10.1057/s41296-024-00727-8. ISSN 1476-9336.
  29. "Toward a Philosophy of Revolution: Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan on Caste and Politics in India — by Waseem Malik". Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  30. Subramanian, Lakshmi (12 July 2024). "A courageous scrutiny". The Telegraph India. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  31. "An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom". thewire.in. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  32. "Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution | Hurst Publishers". HURST. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  33. Punia, Aarushi (25 April 2024). "Polynomial Politics: Imagining India as a Country Led by Lower Castes". Maktoob media. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  34. Lèbre, Jérôme (9 May 2024). "En finir avec l'hindouisme, révolutionner l'Inde : la philosophie de Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan - AOC media". AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique (in French). Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  35. ^ Ballas, Anthony (5 October 2023). "Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India's Right Wing". Protean Magazine. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  36. Sharma, Kritika (7 October 2019). "IIT-Delhi faculty calls Hindu religion a 20th century invention, triggers controversy". ThePrint. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  37. ^ Selvaraj, Rajesh (23 October 2023). "Who Can Quarrel with the Feast of Truth: On Divya Dwivedi". The Mooknayak. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  38. "Death threats over remarks on Hinduism: Kerala writers stand in solidarity with Divya Dwivedi". English.Mathrubhumi. 13 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  39. "An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom". thewire.in. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  40. Dwivedi, Divya; Mohan, Shaj (29 February 2024). Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics. C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited. ISBN 978-1-911723-23-3.
  41. "Weekly Book List". Chronicle of Higher Education. 64 (36). 22 June 2018 – via Academic Search Complete.
  42. Reghu, J. (14 April 2019). "Book Review: Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy". The Wire. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  43. Apter, Emily (October 2019). "Alphabetic Memes: Caricature, Satire, and Political Literacy in the Age of Trump". October. 170: 5–24. doi:10.1162/octo_a_00366.
  44. Todaro, Benedetta (February 2021). "Neither "Matter" nor "Mutter": On Dwivedi and Mohan's "Gandhi and Philosophy"". Episteme (4). Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  45. Chambers, Claire (27 December 2021). "Unreliable Witnesses?". 3 Quarks Daily. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  46. Nancy, Jean-Luc; Dwivedi, Divya; Benvenuto, Sergio (30 April 2021). "On Freud's Group Psychology: A Debate". European Journal of Psychoanalysis. On the Centennial of Freud's "Massenpsychologie und Ich-analyse", Jan 2021 - Dec 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2023.

Further reading

External links

Categories: