Revision as of 17:09, 9 March 2024 editQuinnnnnby (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users3,340 editsm →Historical Anglo-Indian members in the Lok SabhaTag: Visual edit← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 12:56, 23 November 2024 edit undo2409:40e2:202d:ada6:8000:: (talk)No edit summaryTags: Manual revert Mobile edit Mobile web edit | ||
(7 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Reserved seats in the Lok Sabha}} | {{Short description|Reserved seats in the Lok Sabha}} | ||
Between 1952 and 2020, two seats were reserved in the ], the lower house of the ], for members of the ] community. These two members were nominated by the ] on the advice of the ]. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the |
Between 1952 and 2020, two seats were reserved in the ], the lower house of the ], for members of the ] community. These two members were nominated by the ] on the advice of the ]. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha and ] of India were discontinued by the 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019, when enacted as the ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/215637.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 January 2020|website=egazette.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/government/anglo-indian-mps.html|title=Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India – Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term|website=www.elections.in}}</ref> | ||
The Article 331 of the Indian Constitution gave reservation to the Anglo-Indian community during the creation of the Constitution, the article 331 also says that this reservation would cease to exist 10 years after the commencement of the Constitution. But this reservation was extended to 1970 through the 8th Amendment. The period of reservation was extended to 1980 through 23rd amendment and then to 1990 through 45th amendments, to 2006 through 62nd amendment, to 2010 through 79th amendments and to 2020 through the 95th Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indialegallive.com/top-news-of-the-day/news/centre-notifies-constitutional-amendment-away-quota-anglo-india-84961|title=Centre notifies constitutional amendment doing away with quota for Anglo Indian|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|website=www.livelaw.in|date=23 January 2020|access-date=2 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/government/anglo-indian-mps.html|title=Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India – Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term|website=www.elections.in}}</ref> The reason cited by the ] ] who introduced the Bill in the Lok Sabha is that the Anglo-Indians population in India was just 296 in the ], though this figure is disputed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/who-are-the-anglo-indians-and-why-do-they-have-a-quota-in-lok-sabha-and-some-state-legislatures/527529|title=Who are the Anglo-Indians and why do they have a quota in Lok Sabha and some state legislatures?|author=Sumeet Kaul|access-date =2 June 2020}}</ref> The total number of Anglo-Indians is disputed with estimates up to 150,000. Some sources suggest a population between 75,000 and 100,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/12/13/kerala-anglo-indian-community-ernakulam-kollam-kannur.html|access-date=14 September 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021014456/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/12/13/kerala-anglo-indian-community-ernakulam-kollam-kannur.html|title=In Kerala Anglo-Indians are 100,000 strong, not minuscule 124!|date=13 December 2019|website=Onmanorama|archive-date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/212353/anglo-indians-yearn-magical-past | title=Anglo-Indians yearn for the magical past | date=17 December 2011 }}</ref> | The Article 331 of the Indian Constitution gave reservation to the Anglo-Indian community during the creation of the Constitution, the article 331 also says that this reservation would cease to exist 10 years after the commencement of the Constitution. But this reservation was extended to 1970 through the 8th Amendment. The period of reservation was extended to 1980 through 23rd amendment and then to 1990 through 45th amendments, to 2006 through 62nd amendment, to 2010 through 79th amendments and to 2020 through the 95th Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indialegallive.com/top-news-of-the-day/news/centre-notifies-constitutional-amendment-away-quota-anglo-india-84961|title=Centre notifies constitutional amendment doing away with quota for Anglo Indian|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|website=www.livelaw.in|date=23 January 2020|access-date=2 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/government/anglo-indian-mps.html|title=Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India – Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term|website=www.elections.in}}</ref> The reason cited by the ] ] who introduced the Bill in the Lok Sabha is that the Anglo-Indians population in India was just 296 in the ], though this figure is disputed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/who-are-the-anglo-indians-and-why-do-they-have-a-quota-in-lok-sabha-and-some-state-legislatures/527529|title=Who are the Anglo-Indians and why do they have a quota in Lok Sabha and some state legislatures?|author=Sumeet Kaul|access-date =2 June 2020}}</ref> The total number of Anglo-Indians is disputed with estimates up to 150,000. Some sources suggest a population between 75,000 and 100,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/12/13/kerala-anglo-indian-community-ernakulam-kollam-kannur.html|access-date=14 September 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021014456/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/12/13/kerala-anglo-indian-community-ernakulam-kollam-kannur.html|title=In Kerala Anglo-Indians are 100,000 strong, not minuscule 124!|date=13 December 2019|website=Onmanorama|archive-date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/212353/anglo-indians-yearn-magical-past | title=Anglo-Indians yearn for the magical past | date=17 December 2011 }}</ref> | ||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
] was a nominated member of the ] under the 'Special Interests/Anglo-Indian' category in the ], ], ], ], and ] elections. | ] was a nominated member of the ] under the 'Special Interests/Anglo-Indian' category in the ], ], ], ], and ] elections. | ||
== |
== List of Anglo-Indian members in the Lok Sabha == | ||
The following is a list of members nominated for the seats after each election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aiadanapur.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=81|title=Anglo Indian MP's In India|website=www.aiadanapur.org}}</ref> | The following is a list of members nominated for the seats after each election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aiadanapur.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=81|title=Anglo Indian MP's In India|website=www.aiadanapur.org}}</ref> | ||
{|class="wikitable sortable" | {|class="wikitable sortable" | ||
!Election | ! scope=col rowspan=2|Election | ||
! scope=colgroup colspan=3|Member 1 | |||
!Member | |||
!colspan= |
! scope=colgroup colspan=3|Member 2 | ||
!Member | |||
⚫ | !colspan=2|Party | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope=col | Name | |||
⚫ | |] | ||
⚫ | ! scope=col colspan=2|Party | ||
! scope=col | Name | |||
! scope=col colspan=2|Party | |||
|- | |||
⚫ | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|rowspan=5|] | |rowspan=5|] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=5}} | |{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=5}} | ||
Line 28: | Line 31: | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=6}} | |{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=6}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}} | |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}} | ||
|rowspan=3|] | |rowspan=3|] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|rowspan=2|] | |rowspan=2|] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}} | |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}} | ||
Line 55: | Line 58: | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}} | |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}} | |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}} | ||
Line 61: | Line 64: | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}} | |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''1993'' | ! scope=row | ''1993'' | ||
| colspan=3 align=center| Vacant | |||
|- | |- | ||
|''1995'' | ! scope=row | ''1995'' | ||
|] | |] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|rowspan=2|] | |rowspan=2|] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Samata Party|rowspan=2}} | |{{Full party name with color|Samata Party|rowspan=2}} | ||
Line 78: | Line 81: | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Samata Party}} | |{{Full party name with color|Samata Party}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} | |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|rowspan=2|] | |rowspan=2|] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | ||
Line 88: | Line 91: | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope=row | ] | ||
|] | |] | ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} | |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} | ||
Line 100: | Line 103: | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
Line 107: | Line 111: | ||
{{Parliament of India}} | {{Parliament of India}} | ||
{{Lok Sabha}} | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | ] |
Latest revision as of 12:56, 23 November 2024
Reserved seats in the Lok SabhaBetween 1952 and 2020, two seats were reserved in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, for members of the Anglo-Indian community. These two members were nominated by the President of India on the advice of the Government of India. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies of India were discontinued by the 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019, when enacted as the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.
The Article 331 of the Indian Constitution gave reservation to the Anglo-Indian community during the creation of the Constitution, the article 331 also says that this reservation would cease to exist 10 years after the commencement of the Constitution. But this reservation was extended to 1970 through the 8th Amendment. The period of reservation was extended to 1980 through 23rd amendment and then to 1990 through 45th amendments, to 2006 through 62nd amendment, to 2010 through 79th amendments and to 2020 through the 95th Amendment. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019. The reason cited by the Union Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad who introduced the Bill in the Lok Sabha is that the Anglo-Indians population in India was just 296 in the 2011 Census of India, though this figure is disputed. The total number of Anglo-Indians is disputed with estimates up to 150,000. Some sources suggest a population between 75,000 and 100,000.
History
Main article: Reserved political positions in IndiaThe Anglo-Indian community were the only community in India that had its own representatives nominated to the Lok Sabha (lower house) in the Parliament of India. This right was secured from Jawaharlal Nehru by Frank Anthony, the first and long-time president of the All India Anglo-Indian Association. The community was represented by two members. This was done because the community had no native state of its own. Fourteen states of India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal) also had a nominated member each in their respective State Legislative Assemblies.
The reserved seats were expected to have been phased out by the 1960s, but continued to be renewed by successive governments, until this provision was abolished in 2020. Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad cited the 2011 Census as counting merely 296 Anglo-Indians in India, prompting challenges from many opposition MPs. Kanimozhi of the DMK party pointed out that the state Tamil Nadu alone had a few thousand Anglo-Indians.
Before independence
Henry Gidney was a nominated member of the Central Legislative Assembly under the 'Special Interests/Anglo-Indian' category in the 1920, 1923, 1926, 1930, and 1934 elections.
List of Anglo-Indian members in the Lok Sabha
The following is a list of members nominated for the seats after each election.
See also
- Anglo-Indian reserved seat in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
- List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha
- Reserved political positions in India
References
- "Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan" (PDF). egazette.nic.in. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- "Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India – Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term". www.elections.in.
- "Centre notifies constitutional amendment doing away with quota for Anglo Indian". Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- "Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan". www.livelaw.in. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- "Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India – Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term". www.elections.in.
- ^ Sumeet Kaul. "Who are the Anglo-Indians and why do they have a quota in Lok Sabha and some state legislatures?". Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- "In Kerala Anglo-Indians are 100,000 strong, not minuscule 124!". Onmanorama. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- "Anglo-Indians yearn for the magical past". 17 December 2011.
- Safi, Michael (April 16, 2019). "The two MPs of British descent who do not have to stand in Indian election". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
- "Anglo Indian MP's In India". www.aiadanapur.org.
Lok Sabha | ||
---|---|---|
Presiding officers and parliamentary functionaries |
| |
Members | ||
Members by the Lok Sabhas | ||
Elections |