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| {{Short description|601–586 BCE conflict between the Kingdom of Judah and the Neo-Babylonian Empire}} | {{Short description|601–586 BCE conflict between the Kingdom of Judah and the Neo-Babylonian Empire}} | ||
| {{ |
{{religious text primary|date=June 2024}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} | ||
| {{Use Oxford spelling|date=November 2021}} | {{Use Oxford spelling|date=November 2021}} | ||
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| | date = 601–586 BCE | | date = 601–586 BCE | ||
| | place = ] (including ]) | | place = ] (including ]) | ||
| | result = Babylonian victory | | result = {{ublist|Babylonian victory}} | ||
| * Destruction of ] | * Destruction of ] | ||
| * Beginning of the ] | * Beginning of the ] | ||
| | status = | | status = | ||
| | combatant1 = |
| combatant1 =]<br />Supported by:<br />] | ||
| | combatant2 = |
| combatant2 =]<br />Supported by:<br />]<br />]<br />] | ||
| | commander1 = |
| commander1 =]{{KIA}}<br />]{{Executed}}<br />]{{Surrendered}}<br>]<br>]<br>] <br>]<br>]<br>] | ||
| | commander2 = |
| commander2 = ]<br />] | ||
| | units1 = | | units1 = | ||
| | units2 = | | units2 = | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| '''Judah's revolts against Babylon''' (601–586 BCE) were attempts by the ] to escape dominance by the ]. Resulting in a Babylonian victory and the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, it marked the beginning of the prolonged hiatus in Jewish self-rule in ] until the ] of the 2nd century BCE. Babylonian forces captured the capital city of ] and destroyed ], completing the fall of Judah, an event which marked the beginning of the ], a period in ] in which a large number of Judeans were forcibly removed from Judah and resettled in ] (rendered in the Bible simply as "Babylon"). | '''Judah's revolts against Babylon''' (601–586 BCE) were attempts by the ] to escape dominance by the ]. Resulting in a Babylonian victory and the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, it marked the beginning of the prolonged hiatus in Jewish self-rule in ] until the ] of the 2nd century BCE. Babylonian forces captured the capital city of ] and destroyed ], completing the fall of Judah, an event which marked the beginning of the ], a period in ] in which a large number of Judeans were forcibly removed from Judah and resettled in ] (rendered in the Bible simply as "Babylon"). | ||
| ==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| Egypt was the regional power until the ] around 606 BCE.<ref>Missler (2009). ''Commentary on Ezekiel''.</ref> Later, Babylonia came and ended the Egyptian rule, established its own dominance, and made Judah its vassal. | Egypt was the regional power until the ] around 606 BCE.<ref>Missler (2009). ''Commentary on Ezekiel''.</ref> Later, Babylonia came and ended the Egyptian rule, established its own dominance, and made Judah its vassal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alstola |first=Tero |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Judeans_in_Babylonia.html?hl=de&id=GPj7EAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Judah%20babylonian%20vassal&f=false |title=Judeans in Babylonia: A Study of Deportees in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries BCE |date=2019-12-16 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-36542-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Melvin |first=David P. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Interpreting_Angel_Motif_in_Propheti.html?hl=de&id=EUB47257XUsC#v=onepage&q=Judah%20babylonian%20vassal&f=false |title=The Interpreting Angel Motif in Prophetic and Apocalyptic Literature |date=2013-08-01 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-6966-0 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| ==First revolt== | ==First revolt== | ||
| ⚫ | According to the ], for three years, Judah paid taxes to Babylonia |
||
| ===First siege of Jerusalem=== | |||
| {{Main article|Siege of Jerusalem (597 BCE)}} | {{Main article|Siege of Jerusalem (597 BCE)}} | ||
| ⚫ | According to the ], for three years, Judah paid taxes to Babylonia until King ] decided to stop the payments and went to war with Babylonia. ], ] and ] went to war against Judah alongside Babylonia. ({{bibleverse|2 Kings|24}}). | ||
| ⚫ | ] |
||
| ⚫ | ] besieged Jerusalem in 597 BCE and managed to capture the city and King ],<ref name="NC">]</ref><ref name="2K24">{{bibleverse|2 Kings|24}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|36}}</ref> along with all of the aristocracy of Jerusalem.<ref name="2K24" /> He then looted the treasures of the ], including the golden implements.<ref name="2K24" /> Nebuchadnezzar exiled 10,000 of the officers, the craftsmen, and 7,000 soldiers,<ref name="2K24" /> after which he appointed Jehoiachin's uncle, Mattaniah, as king of Judah. Later, Mattaniah changed his name to ].<ref name="NC" /><ref name="2K24" /> | ||
| ==Second revolt== | ==Second revolt== | ||
| {{Main article|Siege of Jerusalem (587 BCE)}} | {{Main article|Siege of Jerusalem (587 BCE)}} | ||
| {{more citations needed section|date=March 2022}} | {{more citations needed section|date=March 2022}} | ||
| In July 587 BCE,<ref name=NC/> Zedekiah rebelled against Babylonia, making an alliance with Egypt, and Nebuchadnezzar ] Jerusalem again, starving the people ({{bibleverse|2 Kings|25}}). Later, the Babylonian troops managed to get inside the walls and conquer the city, yet Zedekiah and some of his troops managed to escape to Jericho, where they fought against the Babylonians (called Chaldeans by the Bible), who captured Zedekiah and his sons and brought them in chains to Babylonia, where Zedekiah's children were executed in front of him.{{citation needed|date= March 2022}} | In July 587 BCE,<ref name=NC/> Zedekiah rebelled against Babylonia, making an alliance with Egypt, and Nebuchadnezzar ] Jerusalem again, starving the people ({{bibleverse|2 Kings|25}}). Later, the Babylonian troops managed to get inside the walls and conquer the city, yet Zedekiah and some of his troops managed to escape to ], where they fought against the Babylonians (called Chaldeans by the Bible), who captured Zedekiah and his sons and brought them in chains to Babylonia, where Zedekiah's children were executed in front of him.{{citation needed|date= March 2022}} | ||
| On the seventh of ], ], captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body guard, burned down Solomon's Temple, destroyed the walls of Jerusalem, and exiled the rest of the Jews to Babylonia. He appointed ] as the administrator of the Jews that |
On the seventh day of ], ], captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body guard, burned down Solomon's Temple, destroyed the walls of Jerusalem, and exiled the rest of the Jews to Babylonia. He appointed ] as the administrator of the Jews that were not exiled from Judah. Judah ceased to exist a year later, in 586 BCE. Gedalia was murdered in 582 BCE.{{citation needed|date= March 2022}} | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 23:34, 24 November 2024
601–586 BCE conflict between the Kingdom of Judah and the Neo-Babylonian Empire | This article uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyze them. Please help improve this article. (June 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Judah's revolts against Babylon | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Zedekiah is chained and brought before Nebuchadnezzar II, from Petrus Comestor's Bible Historiale (1372) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Kingdom of Judah Supported by: Twenty-sixth Egyptian dynasty |
Neo-Babylonian Empire Supported by: Kingdom of Moab Kingdom of Ammon Chaldea | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Jehoiakim † Jehoiachin  Zedekiah  Pashur Ben-Amar Jehuchal Ben-Shelamiah Gedaliah Ben-Pashur Sefaniah Ben-Masiah Shefatiah Ben-Matan Pashur Ben-Malkiah |
Nebuchadnezzar II Nebuzaradan | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Much fewer | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| More than 4,200 captive, many slain | Unknown | ||||||
| Based on Kings 2:24 and 25 of the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament | |||||||
Judah's revolts against Babylon (601–586 BCE) were attempts by the Kingdom of Judah to escape dominance by the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Resulting in a Babylonian victory and the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, it marked the beginning of the prolonged hiatus in Jewish self-rule in Judaea until the Maccabean Revolt of the 2nd century BCE. Babylonian forces captured the capital city of Jerusalem and destroyed Solomon's Temple, completing the fall of Judah, an event which marked the beginning of the Babylonian captivity, a period in Jewish history in which a large number of Judeans were forcibly removed from Judah and resettled in Mesopotamia (rendered in the Bible simply as "Babylon").
Background
Egypt was the regional power until the Battle of Charchamesh around 606 BCE. Later, Babylonia came and ended the Egyptian rule, established its own dominance, and made Judah its vassal.
First revolt
Main article: Siege of Jerusalem (597 BCE)According to the Hebrew Bible, for three years, Judah paid taxes to Babylonia until King Jehoiakim decided to stop the payments and went to war with Babylonia. Moab, Ammon and Chaldea went to war against Judah alongside Babylonia. (2 Kings 24).
Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem in 597 BCE and managed to capture the city and King Jehoiachin, along with all of the aristocracy of Jerusalem. He then looted the treasures of the Solomon's Temple, including the golden implements. Nebuchadnezzar exiled 10,000 of the officers, the craftsmen, and 7,000 soldiers, after which he appointed Jehoiachin's uncle, Mattaniah, as king of Judah. Later, Mattaniah changed his name to Zedekiah.
Second revolt
Main article: Siege of Jerusalem (587 BCE) | This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
In July 587 BCE, Zedekiah rebelled against Babylonia, making an alliance with Egypt, and Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem again, starving the people (2 Kings 25). Later, the Babylonian troops managed to get inside the walls and conquer the city, yet Zedekiah and some of his troops managed to escape to Jericho, where they fought against the Babylonians (called Chaldeans by the Bible), who captured Zedekiah and his sons and brought them in chains to Babylonia, where Zedekiah's children were executed in front of him.
On the seventh day of Av, Nebuzaradan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body guard, burned down Solomon's Temple, destroyed the walls of Jerusalem, and exiled the rest of the Jews to Babylonia. He appointed Gedalia as the administrator of the Jews that were not exiled from Judah. Judah ceased to exist a year later, in 586 BCE. Gedalia was murdered in 582 BCE.
See also
Bibliography
- Hebrew Bible: 2 Kings 24–25, Book of Jeremiah, Book of Ezekiel, 2 Chronicles 36
- Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle
References
- Missler (2009). Commentary on Ezekiel.
- Alstola, Tero (16 December 2019). Judeans in Babylonia: A Study of Deportees in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries BCE. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-36542-1.
- Melvin, David P. (1 August 2013). The Interpreting Angel Motif in Prophetic and Apocalyptic Literature. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-6966-0.
- ^ Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle
- ^ 2 Kings 24
- 2 Chronicles 36
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