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{{Short description|1983 video game}} {{Short description|1983 video game}}
{{Infobox video game {{Infobox video game
|title = Keystone Kapers | title = Keystone Kapers
|image = Keystone-kapers-atari2600-cover.jpg | image = Keystone-kapers-atari2600-cover.jpg
|developer = ] | developer = ]
|publisher = ] | publisher = Activision
|designer = ] | designer = ]
|released = {{Collapsible list | released = {{Collapsible list
| title = {{nobold|May 1983}} | title = {{nobold|May 1983}}
| '''Atari 2600''' | '''Atari 2600'''
Line 13: Line 13:
|June 1984 |June 1984
}} }}
|genre = ] | genre = ]
|modes = ] | modes = ]
|platforms = ], ], ], ], ] | platforms = ], ], ], ], ]
}} }}


'''''Keystone Kapers''''' is a ] developed by ] for the ] and published by ] in 1983. The game involves a ]-theme, with the player controlling police officer Kelly, who traverses the many levels of a department store, dodging objects to catch the escaped thief Harry Hooligan. '''''Keystone Kapers''''' is a ] developed by ] for the ] and published by ] in 1983. The game involves a ] theme, with the player controlling police officer Kelly, who traverses the many levels of a department store, dodging objects to catch the escaped thief Harry Hooligan.


Kitchen designed the game after working on Atari 2600 games '']'' and a port of '']''. He wanted to develop a game similar to the latter game, and began developing what would become ''Keystone Kapers''. On the games release in 1982, it received positive critical attention for its graphics and gameplay. It was later ported to other consoles such as the ] and ]. Kitchen designed the game after working on Atari 2600 games '']'' and a port of '']''. He wanted to develop a game similar to the latter game, and he began developing what would become ''Keystone Kapers''. On the game's release in 1982, it received positive critical attention for its graphics and gameplay. It was later ported to other consoles such as the ] and ].


Several pirated versions of Keystone Kapers imported from ] were released by the Canadian grocery store chain ] under the name ''Busy Police''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atari 2600 VCS Busy Police : scans, dump, download, screenshots, ads, videos, catalog, instructions, roms |url=https://www.atarimania.com/game-atari-2600-vcs-busy-police_12768.html |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.atarimania.com}}</ref>
Garry's brother Dan Kitchen planned to follow-up his first Atari 2600 game '']'' with a sequel to ''Keystone Kapers''. Dan's game would have ]-setting. In 2018, Dan found the only surviving copy of the unfinished game in a storage unit and planned to release it under the title ''Gold Rush''.


==Gameplay== ==Gameplay==
] ]
''Keystone Kapers'' is about police officer Keystone Kelly trying to capture the con-artist and thief Harry Hooligan who is at large in Southwick's Emporium.{{sfn|Activision|1983a|ref=BackCov}} The game involves the player controlling Kelly, moving him left and right and having him jump and duck to avoid objects such as shopping carts, beach balls and toy biplanes. The player's goal is to aprehend the criminal who can be tracked on a ] at the bottom of the screen where Kelly is the black dot and Harry is the white dot. Kelly can manouever himself between the floors of the building between elevators and the escalator.{{sfn|Activision|1983|ref=manual}} ''Keystone Kapers'' is about police officer Keystone Kelly trying to capture the con-artist and thief Harry Hooligan who is at large in Southwick's Emporium.{{sfn|Activision|1983a|ref=BackCov}} The game involves the player controlling Kelly, moving him left and right and having him jump and duck to avoid objects such as shopping carts, beach balls and toy biplanes. The player's goal is to apprehend Harry, who can be tracked on a ] at the bottom of the screen where Kelly is the black dot and Harry is the white dot. Kelly can maneuver himself between the floors of the building between elevators and the escalator.{{sfn|Activision|1983|ref=manual}}


The game ends when the player runs out of lives. Lives are lost when running out of time, colliding with a biplane, or allowing the criminal escape to the roof of the building. Points are rewarded when apprehending the crook, the amount of time left when apprehending Harry, and collecting items left around the mansion such as moneybags and suitcases. Extra lives can be earned for every 10,000 points.{{sfn|Activision|1983|ref=manual}} The game ends when the player runs out of lives: lives are lost when running out of time, colliding with a biplane, or allowing Harry escape to the roof of the building. Points are rewarded when apprehending Harry, for the amount of time left when apprehending Harry, and collecting items left around the mansion such as moneybags and suitcases. Extra lives can be earned for every 10,000 points.{{sfn|Activision|1983|ref=manual}}


==Development== ==Development==
''Keystone Kapers'' was the third ] game developed by ] following his games '']'' and a port of '']''. Following completing work on ''Donkey Kong'' in May 1982, Kitchen joined ] in June.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=25}} ''Keystone Kapers'' was the third ] game developed by ] following his games '']'' and a port of '']''. Following completing work on ''Donkey Kong'' in May 1982, Kitchen joined ] in June.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=25}} Kitchen flew out to meet with the Activision team. Activision founder ] said that he knew the company had to grow but that having more people together would have made things worse so having the other office far away was ideal.{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=34}} Kitchen worked at Activision from a satellite design office in ].{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=25}}
Kitchen spoke of the situation later, saying the he found the other Crane's group "preferred the idea of spawning another creative office to minimise the chance of screwing up the group synergy of Activision’s original creative team."{{sfn|Crookes|2024|p=39}}
He immediately began designing a game which would become ''Keystone Kapers''.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=25}} The game was developed under the code name of ''Cop''.{{sfn|Crookes|2024|p=39}}


Kitchen described that after working on ''Donkey Kong'', he was in "little man mode", a term he used to describe games where the player controls a small person on the screen. Kitchen believed that due to the limitations of the Atari 2600 hardware, he wanted to create a theme could be effectively rendered on the machine while still being lighthearted and whimsical.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=26}} He experimented with different characters before deciding on a ''Keystone Kapers'' before settling on a game around the imagery of the ], as he could properly render their bowler caps, blue uniforms, and billy clubs as well as creating an effective crook graphic.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|pp=26-27}}{{sfn|Crookes|2024|p=38}} In a 1983 interview, he stated that idea of the Keystone Cop-theme came from his wife.{{sfn|Gutman|1983|p=41}}
Kitchen flew out to meet with the Activision team. Activision founder ] said that he knew the company had to grow but that having more people together would have made things worse so having the other office far away was ideal.{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=34}} Kitchen worked at Activision from a satellite design office in ] and immediately began designing a game which would become ''Keystone Kapers''.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=25}}


At the time of development, Activision made games via a ] minicomputer for editing and writing code and assembling it for ].{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=27}} The initial gameplay design to ''Keystone Kops'' was similar to ''Donkey Kong'', with the cop going through the stage vertically to catch up with the crook who was going through the building floor by floor.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=27}} About a month into development, the vertically scrolling version of the game was in a presentable state.{{sfn|Crookes|2024|p=39}} When Kitchen showed the game to ], Crane suggested to make the game extend horizontally like his game '']'' that he was working on. Kitchen kept some elements of ''Donkey Kong'' in the game, such as objects being thrown at the crook to delay him in this pursuit.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=27}} Other influences came from ]'s '']'', which featured a small map at the bottom of the screen that displayed to players where both the cop and the thief were located.{{sfn|Crookes|2024|p=41}}
Kitchen described that after working on ''Donkey Kong'', he was in "little man mode", a term he used to describe games where the player controls a small person on the screen. Kitchen believed that due to the limitations of the Atari 2600 hardware, he wanted to create a theme could be effectively rendered on the machine while still being lighthearted and whimsical.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=26}} Kitchen developed a game around the imagery of the ] as he could properly render their bowler caps, blue uniforms, and billy clubs as well as creating an effective crook graphic.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|pp=26-27}}
In a 1983 interview, he stated that idea of the Keystone Cop-theme came from his wife.{{sfn|Gutman|1983|p=41}}


''Keystone Kapers'' had a four ] limitation for its ROM size.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=29}} Kitchen stated the limit was necessary from a financial decision. Kitchen noted some items he wish he could have included, such as making it more obvious for the player when was the right to time to use the elevator or escalator in the game.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|pp=29-30}} Some elements of the game were removed during the development, such as a scene outside the department store with a vehicle resembling a ] parked at the curb. Kitchen recalled that the "car was beautiful, but I eventually had to remove it because it cost too many bytes."{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=28}} Other items removed included a television, which Kitchen removed as it was an ].{{sfn|Gutman|1983|p=42}} Kitchen said he "had to really cram to finish the game."{{sfn|Gutman|1983|p=42}}
At the time of development, Activision made games via a ] minicomputer for editing and writing code and assembling it for ].{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=27}} The initial gameplay design to ''Keystone Kops'' was similar to ''Donkey Kong'', with the cop going through the stage vertically to catch up with the crook who was going through the building floor by floor. When Kitchen showed the game to ], Crane suggested to make the game extend horizontally like his game '']'' that he was working on. Kitchen kept some elements of ''Donkey Kong'' in the game, such as objects being thrown at the crook to delay him in this pursuit.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=27}}

''Keystone Kapers'' had a four ] limitation for its ROM size.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=29}} Kitchen stated the limit was necessary from a financial decision. Kitchen noted some items he wish he could have included, such as making it more obvious for the player when was the right to time to use the elevator or escalator in the game.{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|pp=29-30}} Some elements of the game were removed during the development, such as a scene outside the department store with a vehicle resembling a ] parked at the curb. Kitchen recalled that the "car was beautiful, but I eventually had to remove it because it cost too many bytes."{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=28}} Other items removed included a television, which Kitchen removed as it was an ].{{sfn|Gutman|1983|p=42}} Kitchen said he "had to really cram to finish the game."{{sfn|Gutman|1983|p=42}}


''Keystone Kapers'' was later adapted for the ] by Mike Livesay.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=28|ref=KKMay1984}} A version for the ] adds musical backing and the ability to choose what level of the game to start at.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=31|ref=KKMay1984}} ''Keystone Kapers'' was later adapted for the ] by Mike Livesay.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=28|ref=KKMay1984}} A version for the ] adds musical backing and the ability to choose what level of the game to start at.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=31|ref=KKMay1984}}


==Release and reception== ==Release==
Activision announced the release ''Keystone Kapers'' in January 1983 with the game set to be shipped in April.{{sfn|Activision|1983c|ref=PR-Act1983}} The game was released for the ] in May 1983.{{sfn|The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer|1983|p=48|ref=Availability}} It was released for the ] in June 1984.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=48|ref=CE-Coleco}} ''Keystone Kapers'' was included in various Activision compilation game releases such as ''Activision Classics'' (1998) for the ] and '']'' (2002) for various systems.{{sfn|Harris|1998}}{{sfn|Harris|2003}}

==Reception==
{{Video game reviews {{Video game reviews
| A2600 = true | A2600 = true
Line 53: Line 55:
| rev2 = '']'' | rev2 = '']''
| rev2_A2600 = 3.5/4{{sfn|Blanchet|1983|p=60}}}} | rev2_A2600 = 3.5/4{{sfn|Blanchet|1983|p=60}}}}
Activision announced the release ''Keystone Kapers'' in January 1983 with the game set to be shipped in April.{{sfn|Activision|1983c|ref=PR-Act1983}} The game was released for the ] in May 1983.{{sfn|The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer|1983|p=48|ref=Availability}} It was released for the ] in June 1984.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=48|ref=CE-Coleco}} ''Keystone Kapers'' was included in various Activision compilation game releases such as ''Activision Classics'' (1998) for the ] and '']'' (2002) for various systems.{{sfn|Harris|1998}}{{sfn|Harris|2003}}

From contemporary reviews of the Atari 2600 version, reviewers such as Perry Greenberg in ''Video Games'' and Jim Clarke of ''Videogaming & Computergaming Illustrated'' praised the games graphics. Clarke specifically described them as "brilliant", noting the swinging legs and arms of characters which were "an absolute delight, the best videogame character we've had since the Mad Bomber of '']''."{{sfn|Meade|Clark|1983|p=14}} Critics had varied comments on the gameplay. While a review in '']'' said the game was "highly recommended", finding the game original, compulsively playable and was "truly vintage Activision, and that's saying something special."{{sfn|Katz|1983|pp=48-49}} '']'' found that early levels were easy, that later levels adding more obstacles adding strategic possibilities and depth, declaring the game "a thoroughly charming and whimsical game with great animation".{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984|ref=2600VGU-KK}} From contemporary reviews of the Atari 2600 version, reviewers such as Perry Greenberg in ''Video Games'' and Jim Clarke of ''Videogaming & Computergaming Illustrated'' praised the games graphics. Clarke specifically described them as "brilliant", noting the swinging legs and arms of characters which were "an absolute delight, the best videogame character we've had since the Mad Bomber of '']''."{{sfn|Meade|Clark|1983|p=14}} Critics had varied comments on the gameplay. While a review in '']'' said the game was "highly recommended", finding the game original, compulsively playable and was "truly vintage Activision, and that's saying something special."{{sfn|Katz|1983|pp=48-49}} '']'' found that early levels were easy, that later levels adding more obstacles adding strategic possibilities and depth, declaring the game "a thoroughly charming and whimsical game with great animation".{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984|ref=2600VGU-KK}}
Clarke commented on the gameplay being similar to that of ''Donkey Kong'' and '']'' and while it was a less innovative game than Activision's '']'' (1983), it was infinitely more exciting.{{sfn|Meade|Clark|1983|p=14}} Michael Blanchet echoed the comparisons in his review in '']'', saying it resembled ''Donkey Kong'' but offers enough graphic and strategic differences to be called an original game.{{sfn|Blanchet|1983|p=60}} Blanchet also praised the ability to capture the criminal, stating that "instead of fleeing to another structure, the crook surrenders when caught. Giving you that glorious, but short-lived feeling of victory."{{sfn|Blanchet|1983|p=60}} Along with '']'' and '']'' for ], the Atari 2600 version of ''Keystone Capers'' received the Certificate of Merit in the category "1984 Videogame of the Year (Less than 16K ROM)" at the 5th annual ].{{sfn|Kunkel|Katz|1984|p=40}} Clarke commented on the gameplay being similar to that of ''Donkey Kong'' and '']'' and while it was a less innovative game than Activision's '']'' (1983), it was infinitely more exciting.{{sfn|Meade|Clark|1983|p=14}} Michael Blanchet echoed the comparisons in his review in '']'', saying it resembled ''Donkey Kong'' but offers enough graphic and strategic differences to be called an original game.{{sfn|Blanchet|1983|p=60}} Blanchet also praised the ability to capture the criminal, stating that "instead of fleeing to another structure, the crook surrenders when caught. Giving you that glorious, but short-lived feeling of victory."{{sfn|Blanchet|1983|p=60}} Along with '']'' and '']'' for ], the Atari 2600 version of ''Keystone Capers'' received the Certificate of Merit in the category "1984 Videogame of the Year (Less than 16K ROM)" at the 5th annual ].{{sfn|Kunkel|Katz|1984|p=40}}


In December 1984, ] reviewer Ellen Keyt called out the quality of the animation in the Atari 8-bit version, writing "The Keystone Cop's legs stretch when he jumps over a shopping cart, his uniform creases when he squats to duck a toy airplane, and he even pumps his hands up and down, waving his stick when he runs." She called it the "perfect game for anyone".{{sfn|Keyt|1984}} Reviewing the Atari 5200 version, '']'' gave negative reviews to both the Colecovision and Atari 5200 versions of the game.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=31|ref=KKMay1984}} The reviewer said that "what was a good game for the Atari 2600 just isn't varied or exciting enough when compared to other games for the more advanced 5200."{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=31|ref=KKMay1984}} '']'' gave the ColecoVision port a three star rating, praising the graphical improvement over the original.{{sfn|Holyoak|1984}} In December 1984, ] reviewer Ellen Keyt called out the quality of the animation in the Atari 8-bit version, writing "The Keystone Cop's legs stretch when he jumps over a shopping cart, his uniform creases when he squats to duck a toy airplane, and he even pumps his hands up and down, waving his stick when he runs." She called it the "perfect game for anyone".{{sfn|Keyt|1984}} Reviewing the Atari 5200 version, '']'' gave negative reviews to both the ColecoVision and Atari 5200 versions of the game.{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=31|ref=KKMay1984}} The reviewer said that "what was a good game for the Atari 2600 just isn't varied or exciting enough when compared to other games for the more advanced 5200."{{sfn|Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update|1984|p=31|ref=KKMay1984}} '']'' gave the ColecoVision port a three star rating, praising the graphical improvement over the original.{{sfn|Holyoak|1984}}


===Retrospective reviews===
From retrospective reviews, Brett Alan Weiss of ] found the game "solid, yet forgettable".{{sfn|Weiss}} Weiss compared it to similar games of the era such as '']'' (1982) or ''The Heist'' (1983) and finding that ''Keystone Kapers'' lacked the depth or scope, as if it were the first level of ''Donkey Kong'' spread across multiple screens.{{sfn|Weiss}} '']'' listed the game and 11th place in their list of "Top 25 Atari 2600 Games" in 2008 noting its graphics, gameplay depth and declaring it a platformer game that constantly manages to entertain.{{sfn|Jones|Hunt|2008|p=29}} Brett Alan Weiss of ] found the game "solid, yet forgettable".{{sfn|Weiss}} Weiss compared it to similar games of the era such as '']'' (1982) or ''The Heist'' (1983) and finding that ''Keystone Kapers'' lacked the depth or scope, as if it were the first level of ''Donkey Kong'' spread across multiple screens.{{sfn|Weiss}} '']'' listed the game and 11th place in their list of "Top 25 Atari 2600 Games" in 2008 noting its graphics, gameplay depth and declaring it a platformer game that constantly manages to entertain.{{sfn|Jones|Hunt|2008|p=29}}


==Legacy== ==Legacy==
] ]
Garry's brother Dan Kitchen planned to follow-up his first Atari 2600 game '']'' with a sequel to ''Keystone Kapers''. Dan's game would have ]-setting. In 2018, Dan found the only surviving copy of the unfinished game in a storage unit and planned to release it under the title ''Gold Rush''.{{sfn|Drury|2020|pp=34-35}} Garry's brother Dan Kitchen planned to follow-up his first Atari 2600 game '']'' with a sequel to ''Keystone Kapers'' in a ] setting. In 2018, Dan found the only surviving copy of the unfinished game in a storage unit and planned to release it under the title ''Gold Rush''.{{sfn|Drury|2020|pp=34-35}}


Kitchen followed up ''Keystone Kapers'' with '']'' for Activision for the Atari 2600, and would continue do develop programs for home computers such as '']'' and consoles such as '']'' (1989) for the ].{{sfn|Fisher|2013|p=91}} Reflecting on the game, Garry Kitchen said that felt the game had aged well and "from a graphics standpoint, I certainly spent a lot of time on the look of the game, and I hope it paid off. Obviously, I also put in a great deal of effort tweaking the playability I'm sure that, without that time and effort, the game would not have the staying power that it does."{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=31}} Kitchen followed up ''Keystone Kapers'' with '']'' for Activision for the Atari 2600, and would continue do develop programs for home computers such as '']'' and consoles such as '']'' (1989) for the ].{{sfn|Fisher|2013|p=91}} Reflecting on the game, Garry Kitchen said that felt the game had aged well and "from a graphics standpoint, I certainly spent a lot of time on the look of the game, and I hope it paid off. Obviously, I also put in a great deal of effort tweaking the playability I'm sure that, without that time and effort, the game would not have the staying power that it does."{{sfn|Hickey, Jr.|2020|p=31}}
Line 85: Line 86:
* {{cite magazine|magazine=]|title=Critically Speaking..Colecovision-Compatible|date=May 1984|volume=3|issue=2|ref=KKMay1984}} * {{cite magazine|magazine=]|title=Critically Speaking..Colecovision-Compatible|date=May 1984|volume=3|issue=2|ref=KKMay1984}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=]|date=June 1984|volume=3|issue=3|title=Availability Update|ref=CE-Coleco}} * {{cite magazine|magazine=]|date=June 1984|volume=3|issue=3|title=Availability Update|ref=CE-Coleco}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=]|title=Activisionaries|last=Allen|first=Mat|issue=25|year=2006|ISSN=1742-3155|publisher=Imagine Publishing}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Hits & Missiles|last=Blanchet|first=Michael|magazine=Electronic Fun with Computers and Games|date=June 1983|volume=1|issue=8|publisher=Fun & Games Publishing Inc.}} * {{cite magazine|title=Hits & Missiles|last=Blanchet|first=Michael|magazine=Electronic Fun with Computers and Games|date=June 1983|volume=1|issue=8|publisher=Fun & Games Publishing Inc.}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=]|issue=203|publisher=Future Publishing|year=2020|title=The Making of Crackpots|last=Drury|first=Paul}} * {{cite magazine|magazine=]|title=The Making of Keystone Kapers|last=Crookes|first=David|year=2024|issue=264|ISSN= 1742-3155|publisher=Future plc}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=Retro Gamer|issue=203|publisher=Future Publishing|year=2020|title=The Making of Crackpots|last=Drury|first=Paul|ISSN=1742-3155}}
* {{cite magazine|title=In the Chair With...Garry Kitchen|last=Fisher|first=Andrew|magazine=Retro Gamer|date=2013|issue=123|publisher=Imagine Publishing}}
* {{cite magazine|title=In the Chair With...Garry Kitchen|last=Fisher|first=Andrew|magazine=Retro Gamer|date=2013|issue=123|publisher=Imagine Publishing|ISSN=1742-3155}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Soft Spot|last=Greenberg|first=Perry|magazine=Video Games|date=September 1983|volume=1|issue=12|publisher=Pumpkin Press}} * {{cite magazine|title=Soft Spot|last=Greenberg|first=Perry|magazine=Video Games|date=September 1983|volume=1|issue=12|publisher=Pumpkin Press}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The Kitchens, Inc.|last=Gutman|first=Dan|magazine=]|date=April 1983|volume=1|issue=6}} * {{cite magazine|title=The Kitchens, Inc.|last=Gutman|first=Dan|magazine=]|date=April 1983|volume=1|issue=6}}

Latest revision as of 12:57, 8 December 2024

1983 video game 1983 video game
Keystone Kapers
Developer(s)Activision
Publisher(s)Activision
Designer(s)Garry Kitchen
Platform(s)Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit, ColecoVision, MSX
Release May 1983
  • Atari 2600
  • May 1983
  • Colecovision
  • June 1984
Genre(s)Platform
Mode(s)Single-player

Keystone Kapers is a platform game developed by Garry Kitchen for the Atari 2600 and published by Activision in 1983. The game involves a Keystone Cops theme, with the player controlling police officer Kelly, who traverses the many levels of a department store, dodging objects to catch the escaped thief Harry Hooligan.

Kitchen designed the game after working on Atari 2600 games Space Jockey and a port of Donkey Kong. He wanted to develop a game similar to the latter game, and he began developing what would become Keystone Kapers. On the game's release in 1982, it received positive critical attention for its graphics and gameplay. It was later ported to other consoles such as the ColecoVision and Atari 5200.

Several pirated versions of Keystone Kapers imported from Taiwan were released by the Canadian grocery store chain Zellers under the name Busy Police.

Gameplay

Officer Kelly on the lowest floor, with Harry Hooligan one floor above (Atari 2600)

Keystone Kapers is about police officer Keystone Kelly trying to capture the con-artist and thief Harry Hooligan who is at large in Southwick's Emporium. The game involves the player controlling Kelly, moving him left and right and having him jump and duck to avoid objects such as shopping carts, beach balls and toy biplanes. The player's goal is to apprehend Harry, who can be tracked on a mini-map at the bottom of the screen where Kelly is the black dot and Harry is the white dot. Kelly can maneuver himself between the floors of the building between elevators and the escalator.

The game ends when the player runs out of lives: lives are lost when running out of time, colliding with a biplane, or allowing Harry escape to the roof of the building. Points are rewarded when apprehending Harry, for the amount of time left when apprehending Harry, and collecting items left around the mansion such as moneybags and suitcases. Extra lives can be earned for every 10,000 points.

Development

Keystone Kapers was the third Atari 2600 game developed by Garry Kitchen following his games Space Jockey and a port of Donkey Kong. Following completing work on Donkey Kong in May 1982, Kitchen joined Activision in June. Kitchen flew out to meet with the Activision team. Activision founder David Crane said that he knew the company had to grow but that having more people together would have made things worse so having the other office far away was ideal. Kitchen worked at Activision from a satellite design office in Glen Rock, New Jersey. Kitchen spoke of the situation later, saying the he found the other Crane's group "preferred the idea of spawning another creative office to minimise the chance of screwing up the group synergy of Activision’s original creative team." He immediately began designing a game which would become Keystone Kapers. The game was developed under the code name of Cop.

Kitchen described that after working on Donkey Kong, he was in "little man mode", a term he used to describe games where the player controls a small person on the screen. Kitchen believed that due to the limitations of the Atari 2600 hardware, he wanted to create a theme could be effectively rendered on the machine while still being lighthearted and whimsical. He experimented with different characters before deciding on a Keystone Kapers before settling on a game around the imagery of the Keystone Cops, as he could properly render their bowler caps, blue uniforms, and billy clubs as well as creating an effective crook graphic. In a 1983 interview, he stated that idea of the Keystone Cop-theme came from his wife.

At the time of development, Activision made games via a PDP-11 minicomputer for editing and writing code and assembling it for 6502-based machines. The initial gameplay design to Keystone Kops was similar to Donkey Kong, with the cop going through the stage vertically to catch up with the crook who was going through the building floor by floor. About a month into development, the vertically scrolling version of the game was in a presentable state. When Kitchen showed the game to David Crane, Crane suggested to make the game extend horizontally like his game Pitfall! that he was working on. Kitchen kept some elements of Donkey Kong in the game, such as objects being thrown at the crook to delay him in this pursuit. Other influences came from Bob Whitehead's Chopper Command, which featured a small map at the bottom of the screen that displayed to players where both the cop and the thief were located.

Keystone Kapers had a four kilobyte limitation for its ROM size. Kitchen stated the limit was necessary from a financial decision. Kitchen noted some items he wish he could have included, such as making it more obvious for the player when was the right to time to use the elevator or escalator in the game. Some elements of the game were removed during the development, such as a scene outside the department store with a vehicle resembling a Ford Model T parked at the curb. Kitchen recalled that the "car was beautiful, but I eventually had to remove it because it cost too many bytes." Other items removed included a television, which Kitchen removed as it was an anachronism. Kitchen said he "had to really cram to finish the game."

Keystone Kapers was later adapted for the ColecoVision by Mike Livesay. A version for the Atari 5200 adds musical backing and the ability to choose what level of the game to start at.

Release

Activision announced the release Keystone Kapers in January 1983 with the game set to be shipped in April. The game was released for the Atari 2600 in May 1983. It was released for the ColecoVision in June 1984. Keystone Kapers was included in various Activision compilation game releases such as Activision Classics (1998) for the PlayStation and Activision Anthology (2002) for various systems.

Reception

Reception
Review scores
PublicationScore
Atari 2600ColecoVision
AllGame3/5
Deseret News3/4
Electronic Fun with Computers and Games3.5/4

From contemporary reviews of the Atari 2600 version, reviewers such as Perry Greenberg in Video Games and Jim Clarke of Videogaming & Computergaming Illustrated praised the games graphics. Clarke specifically described them as "brilliant", noting the swinging legs and arms of characters which were "an absolute delight, the best videogame character we've had since the Mad Bomber of Kaboom!." Critics had varied comments on the gameplay. While a review in Electronic Games said the game was "highly recommended", finding the game original, compulsively playable and was "truly vintage Activision, and that's saying something special." The Video Game Update found that early levels were easy, that later levels adding more obstacles adding strategic possibilities and depth, declaring the game "a thoroughly charming and whimsical game with great animation". Clarke commented on the gameplay being similar to that of Donkey Kong and Pitfall! and while it was a less innovative game than Activision's Dolphin (1983), it was infinitely more exciting. Michael Blanchet echoed the comparisons in his review in Electronic Fun with Computers and Games, saying it resembled Donkey Kong but offers enough graphic and strategic differences to be called an original game. Blanchet also praised the ability to capture the criminal, stating that "instead of fleeing to another structure, the crook surrenders when caught. Giving you that glorious, but short-lived feeling of victory." Along with BurgerTime and Dracula for Intellivision, the Atari 2600 version of Keystone Capers received the Certificate of Merit in the category "1984 Videogame of the Year (Less than 16K ROM)" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards.

In December 1984, Antic reviewer Ellen Keyt called out the quality of the animation in the Atari 8-bit version, writing "The Keystone Cop's legs stretch when he jumps over a shopping cart, his uniform creases when he squats to duck a toy airplane, and he even pumps his hands up and down, waving his stick when he runs." She called it the "perfect game for anyone". Reviewing the Atari 5200 version, Computer Entertainer gave negative reviews to both the ColecoVision and Atari 5200 versions of the game. The reviewer said that "what was a good game for the Atari 2600 just isn't varied or exciting enough when compared to other games for the more advanced 5200." Deseret News gave the ColecoVision port a three star rating, praising the graphical improvement over the original.

Retrospective reviews

Brett Alan Weiss of AllGame found the game "solid, yet forgettable". Weiss compared it to similar games of the era such as Miner 2049er (1982) or The Heist (1983) and finding that Keystone Kapers lacked the depth or scope, as if it were the first level of Donkey Kong spread across multiple screens. Retro Gamer listed the game and 11th place in their list of "Top 25 Atari 2600 Games" in 2008 noting its graphics, gameplay depth and declaring it a platformer game that constantly manages to entertain.

Legacy

Garry Kitchen in 2013, 30 years after the release of Keystone Kapers

Garry's brother Dan Kitchen planned to follow-up his first Atari 2600 game Crackpots with a sequel to Keystone Kapers in a Western setting. In 2018, Dan found the only surviving copy of the unfinished game in a storage unit and planned to release it under the title Gold Rush.

Kitchen followed up Keystone Kapers with Pressure Cooker for Activision for the Atari 2600, and would continue do develop programs for home computers such as Garry Kitchen's GameMaker and consoles such as A Boy and His Blob: Trouble on Blobolonia (1989) for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Reflecting on the game, Garry Kitchen said that felt the game had aged well and "from a graphics standpoint, I certainly spent a lot of time on the look of the game, and I hope it paid off. Obviously, I also put in a great deal of effort tweaking the playability I'm sure that, without that time and effort, the game would not have the staying power that it does."

See also

References

  1. "Atari 2600 VCS Busy Police : scans, dump, download, screenshots, ads, videos, catalog, instructions, roms". www.atarimania.com. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  2. Activision 1983a.
  3. ^ Activision 1983.
  4. ^ Hickey, Jr. 2020, p. 25.
  5. Allen 2006, p. 34.
  6. ^ Crookes 2024, p. 39.
  7. Hickey, Jr. 2020, p. 26.
  8. Hickey, Jr. 2020, pp. 26–27.
  9. Crookes 2024, p. 38.
  10. Gutman 1983, p. 41.
  11. ^ Hickey, Jr. 2020, p. 27.
  12. Crookes 2024, p. 41.
  13. Hickey, Jr. 2020, p. 29.
  14. Hickey, Jr. 2020, pp. 29–30.
  15. Hickey, Jr. 2020, p. 28.
  16. ^ Gutman 1983, p. 42.
  17. Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update 1984, p. 28.
  18. ^ Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update 1984, p. 31.
  19. Activision 1983c.
  20. The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer 1983, p. 48.
  21. Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update 1984, p. 48.
  22. Harris 1998.
  23. Harris 2003.
  24. ^ Weiss.
  25. ^ Holyoak 1984.
  26. ^ Blanchet 1983, p. 60.
  27. ^ Meade & Clark 1983, p. 14.
  28. Katz 1983, pp. 48–49.
  29. The Video Game Update 1984.
  30. Kunkel & Katz 1984, p. 40.
  31. Keyt 1984.
  32. Jones & Hunt 2008, p. 29.
  33. Drury 2020, pp. 34–35.
  34. Fisher 2013, p. 91.
  35. Hickey, Jr. 2020, p. 31.

Sources

  • Crime Buster's Handbook. Activision. 1983. AX-025-03.
  • Keystone Kapers (Back cover). Activision. 1983a.
  • "Activision Announces Keystone Kapers" (Press release). Activision. January 6, 1983c.
  • "Atari 2600-Comptaible". The Video Game Update. Vol. 2, no. 2. May 1983.
  • "Availability Update". The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer. Vol. 2, no. 3. June 1983.
  • "Critically Speaking..Colecovision-Compatible". Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update. Vol. 3, no. 2. May 1984.
  • "Availability Update". Computer Entertainer includes The Video Game Update. Vol. 3, no. 3. June 1984.
  • Allen, Mat (2006). "Activisionaries". Retro Gamer. No. 25. Imagine Publishing. ISSN 1742-3155.
  • Blanchet, Michael (June 1983). "Hits & Missiles". Electronic Fun with Computers and Games. Vol. 1, no. 8. Fun & Games Publishing Inc.
  • Crookes, David (2024). "The Making of Keystone Kapers". Retro Gamer. No. 264. Future plc. ISSN 1742-3155.
  • Drury, Paul (2020). "The Making of Crackpots". Retro Gamer. No. 203. Future Publishing. ISSN 1742-3155.
  • Fisher, Andrew (2013). "In the Chair With...Garry Kitchen". Retro Gamer. No. 123. Imagine Publishing. ISSN 1742-3155.
  • Greenberg, Perry (September 1983). "Soft Spot". Video Games. Vol. 1, no. 12. Pumpkin Press.
  • Gutman, Dan (April 1983). "The Kitchens, Inc". Electronic Fun with Computers and Games. Vol. 1, no. 6.
  • Harris, Craig (September 29, 1998). "Activision Classics". IGN. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  • Harris, Craig (December 11, 2003). "Activision Anthology". IGN. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  • Hickey, Jr., Patrick (2020). The Mind Behind Adventure Games: Interviews with Cult and Classic Video Game Developers. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4766-7966-2.
  • Holyoak, Craig (May 30, 1984). "Here are ColecoVision's Jewels". Deseret News. pp. 4 WV. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  • Jones, Darran; Hunt, Stuart (2008). "Top 25 Atari 2600 Games". Retro Gamer. No. 46. ISSN 1742-3155.
  • Katz, Arnie, ed. (September 1983). "Programmable Parade". Electronic Games. Vol. 2, no. 7. Reese Communications. ISSN 0730-6687.
  • Keyt, Ellen (December 1984). "Product Reviews: Keystone Kapers". Antic. Vol. 3, no. 8. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  • Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (January 1984). "Arcade Alley: The Arcade Awards, Part 1". Video. Vol. 7, no. 10. Reese Communications. pp. 40–42. ISSN 0147-8907.
  • Meade, E.C.; Clark, Jim (August 1983). "Preview". Videogaming & Computergaming Illustrated. No. 8. Ion International.
  • Weiss, Brett Alan. "Keystone Kapers". AllGame. Archived from the original on November 14, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2024.

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