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A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.


]s may also be found in the countries' articles (] and "]") and the ], recent changes in ], and past leaders on ] and ]. ]s may also be found in the countries' articles (] and "]") and the ], recent changes in ], and past leaders on ] and ].


Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (and ] below), ], ], ], ], ], ]. Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (and ] below), ], ], ], ], ], ].
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====South America==== ====South America====
*] *]
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*Brazil *Brazil
**] **]
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**]n emperors, see '']'' **]n emperors, see '']''
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====Western Asia==== ====Western Asia====
*] *]
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**] **]
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**]s **]s
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***] ***]
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*] (formerly Transjordan) *] (formerly Transjordan)
**] **]
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*] (formerly Muscat (and Oman)) *] (formerly Muscat (and Oman))
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**Kings of ] **Kings of ]
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===Europe=== ===Europe===
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*] *]
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*Russia and the Soviet Union *Russia and the Soviet Union
**] **]
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**Khans of the ] **Khans of the ]
**] **]
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====Northern Europe==== ====Northern Europe====
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**] **]
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**] (]) **] (])
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*] *]
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*Poland *Poland
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*Switzerland *Switzerland
**] **]
***] ***]
***Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see '']'' ***Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see '']''
***Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see '']'' ***Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see '']''
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***Heads of the ] ***Heads of the ]
***Heads of the ] ***Heads of the ]
**] **]
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**] (before 1848) **] (before 1848)


====Southern Europe==== ====Southern Europe====
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**]: ] **]: ]
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*] *]
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**], 1974–present **], 1974–present
**], 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present **], 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present
**], 1091–1798, 1800–1974 **], 1091–1798, 1800–1974
**], 1530–1798 **], 1530–1798
**], 1799–1813 **], 1799–1813
**], 1813–1964 **], 1813–1964
**], 1964–1974 **], 1964–1974
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*Portugal *Portugal
**] **]
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**], 1900–present **], 1900–present
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*]/] *]/]
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***] ***]
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*Netherlands *Netherlands
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**] (Netherlands, Belgium): **] (Netherlands, Belgium):
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*] *]
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*]
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*]
{{div col end}} {{div col end}}
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===Judaism=== ===Judaism===
*] *]
*] *]


===Islam=== ===Islam===

Latest revision as of 08:44, 12 December 2024

These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2024 in politics and government, and past leaders on state leaders by year and colonial governors by century.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.

Heads of international organizations

See also: International organization leaders by year

Heads of state or government

See also: List of current heads of state and government and Lists of state leaders by century

Africa

Eastern Africa

Horn of Africa

Middle Africa

Northern Africa

Southern Africa

Western Africa

Americas

Caribbean

Central America

North America

South America

Asia

Central Asia

Eastern Asia

Southeastern Asia

South Asia

Western Asia

Europe

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern Europe

Western Europe

Oceania

Australasia

Melanesia

Micronesia

Polynesia

Religious leaders

Main article: List of 21st-century religious leaders

Christianity

Catholic Church

Anglican Communion

Other denominations

Judaism

Islam

Hinduism

Buddhism

Other lists

Ministers by portfolio

Municipal leaders

For a more comprehensive list, see Lists of mayors by country.

External links

Lists in Misplaced Pages
Disambiguation iconThis article includes an officeholders-related list of lists. Categories: