2014 Iquique earthquake: Difference between revisions

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	{{Infobox earthquake		{{Infobox earthquake
	\| title = 2014 Iquique earthquake		\| title = 2014 Iquique earthquake
			\| image = 2014 Iquique Earthquake ShakeMap.jpg
			\| caption = ] ShakeMap for the earthquake
	\| timestamp = 2014-04-01 23:46:47		\| timestamp = 2014-04-01 23:46:47
	\| anss-url = usc000nzvd		\| anss-url = usc000nzvd
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	\| width = 260		\| width = 260
	\| float = right		\| float = right
	\| caption = }}		\| caption = }}
		⚫	\| magnitude = 8.2 ]<ref name=EQS>{{cite web\|title=M8.2 – 95 km NW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary\|publisher=United States Geological Survey\|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
	\| caption =
⚫	\| magnitude = 8.2 ]<ref name=EQS>{{cite web\|title=M8.2 - ~~95km~~ NW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary\|~~work~~=]\|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
	\| PGA = 1.05 '']''<ref>{{cite web \| title=Registros instrumentales evento del 2014-04-01 23:46:45 \| url=http://evtdb.csn.uchile.cl/event/6c5752b76db0f46280949a79863b4d67 \| publisher=Centro Sismológico Nacional (CSN) \| accessdate=19 January 2023}}</ref>		\| PGA = 1.05 '']''<ref>{{cite web \| title=Registros instrumentales evento del 2014-04-01 23:46:45 \| url=http://evtdb.csn.uchile.cl/event/6c5752b76db0f46280949a79863b4d67 \| publisher=Centro Sismológico Nacional (CSN) \| accessdate=19 January 2023}}</ref>
	\| type = ]		\| type = ]
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	}}		}}

	The '''2014 Iquique earthquake''' struck off the coast of ] on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.2, at 20:46 ] (23:46 ]).<ref name = "BBC Tsunami Alert">{{cite web\|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984\|title = Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile\|date = 1 April 2014\|accessdate = 2 April 2014\|publisher = ]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url = https://abcnews.go.com/International/strong-earthquake-hits-off-chile/story?id=23151710\|title = 8.2-Magnitude Earthquake Off Chile Triggers Tsunami\|date = 1 April 2014\|accessdate = 1 April 2014\|~~website~~ = ABC News\|last = Shabner\|first = Dean}}</ref> The ] of the earthquake was approximately {{convert\|95\|km\|mi}} northwest of ].<ref name=EQS/> The mainshock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a M7.7 event on 3 April. The ] triggered a ] of up to {{convert\|2.11\|m\|ft}} that hit Iquique at 21:05 local time (00:05 UTC, 2 April).<ref name=bp /> Similar-sized tsunamis were also reported to have hit the coasts of ] and ].<ref> {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402042606/http://www.tsunami.gov/product.php?id=TSUHWX.20140402.0346.006 \|date=2 April 2014 }}, NWS Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, 1 April 2014</ref>		The '''2014 Iquique earthquake''' struck off the coast of ] on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.2, at 20:46 ] (23:46 ]).<ref name = "BBC Tsunami Alert">{{cite web\|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984\|title = Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile\|date = 1 April 2014\|accessdate = 2 April 2014\|publisher = BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url = https://abcnews.go.com/International/strong-earthquake-hits-off-chile/story?id=23151710\|title = 8.2-Magnitude Earthquake Off Chile Triggers Tsunami\|date = 1 April 2014\|accessdate = 1 April 2014\|publisher = ABC News\|location=United States\|last = Shabner\|first = Dean}}</ref> The ] of the earthquake was approximately {{convert\|95\|km\|mi}} northwest of ].<ref name=EQS/> The mainshock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a M7.7 event on 3 April. The ] triggered a ] of up to {{convert\|2.11\|m\|ft}} that hit Iquique at 21:05 local time (00:05 UTC, 2 April).<ref name=bp /> Similar-sized tsunamis were also reported to have hit the coasts of ] and ].<ref> {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402042606/http://www.tsunami.gov/product.php?id=TSUHWX.20140402.0346.006 \|date=2 April 2014 }}, NWS Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, 1 April 2014</ref>

	==Geology==		==Geology==
	{{see also\|Peru–Chile Trench}}		{{see also\|Peru–Chile Trench}}

	A number of mid-sized quakes ] in the preceding weeks. These quakes and the main tremor are associated with the ] of the ] and the ].<ref name = EQS/>		A number of mid-sized quakes ] in the preceding weeks. These quakes and the main tremor are associated with the ] of the ] and the ].<ref name = EQS/>

	==Earthquake==		==Earthquake==
	{{see also\|List of earthquakes in Chile}}		{{see also\|List of earthquakes in Chile}}

	There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on 16 March with a magnitude of {{M\|w\|link=y}} 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/16/quake-hits-chile/6505715/\|title=Magnitude-6.7 quake hits Chile, 100,000 evacuated\|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2014/03/16-2116-30L.S201403.html \|title=Earthquake Report (Informe de Sismo Sensible) \|publisher=Sismologia.cl \|date=16 March 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014 \|language=Spanish}}</ref> The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of {{convert\|200\|km\|abbr=on}} in length instead of the expected {{convert\|600\|km\|abbr=on}} rupture.<ref></ref> The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984 \|title=Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile \|~~newspaper~~=BBC News \|date=2 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref> The intensity reached intensity ] in Iquique, Chile.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#dyfi_resp \|title=M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile 2014-04-01 23:46:46 UTC \|publisher=~~U.S.~~ Geological Survey \|date=4 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref>		There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on 16 March with a magnitude of {{M\|w\|link=y}} 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/16/quake-hits-chile/6505715/\|title=Magnitude-6.7 quake hits Chile, 100,000 evacuated\|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2014/03/16-2116-30L.S201403.html \|title=Earthquake Report (Informe de Sismo Sensible) \|publisher=Sismologia.cl \|date=16 March 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014 \|language=Spanish}}</ref> The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of {{convert\|200\|km\|abbr=on}} in length instead of the expected {{convert\|600\|km\|abbr=on}} rupture.<ref></ref> The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984 \|title=Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile \|publisher=BBC News \|date=2 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref> The intensity reached intensity ] in Iquique, Chile.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#dyfi_resp \|title=M8.2 – 95km NW of Iquique, Chile 2014-04-01 23:46:46 UTC \|publisher=United States Geological Survey \|date=4 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref>

	===Aftershocks===		===Aftershocks===
	There were several significant ]s above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.		There were several significant ]s above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.
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	\| {{convert\|28.4\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}		\| {{convert\|28.4\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}
	\| {{convert\|91\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} WNW of Iquique		\| {{convert\|91\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} WNW of Iquique
	\| <ref>{{cite web\|title=M6.9 - ~~91km~~ WNW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzwm#general_summary~~\|author=USGS~~\|publisher=]}}</ref>		\|<ref>{{cite web\|title=M6.9 – 91 km WNW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzwm#general_summary\|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2 April at 22:58:30		\| 2 April at 22:58:30
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	\| {{convert\|24.1\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}		\| {{convert\|24.1\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}
	\| {{convert\|46\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} WSW of Iquique		\| {{convert\|46\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} WSW of Iquique
	\| <ref>{{cite web\|title=M6.5 - ~~46km~~ WSW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p26f#general_summary~~\|author=USGS~~\|publisher=]}}</ref>		\|<ref>{{cite web\|title=M6.5 – 46 km WSW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p26f#general_summary\|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2 April at 23:43:13		\| 2 April at 23:43:13
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	\| {{convert\|22.4\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}		\| {{convert\|22.4\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}
	\| {{convert\|53\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique		\| {{convert\|53\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique
	\| <ref>{{cite web\|title=M7.7 - ~~53km~~ SW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p27i#general_summary~~\|author=USGS~~\|publisher=]}}</ref>		\|<ref>{{cite web\|title=M7.7 – 53 km SW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p27i#general_summary\|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3 April at 02:26:15		\| 3 April at 02:26:15
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	\| {{convert\|25\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}		\| {{convert\|25\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}
	\| {{convert\|78\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique		\| {{convert\|78\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique
	\| <ref>{{cite web\|title=M6.4 - ~~78km~~ SW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p2cs#general_summary~~\|author=USGS~~\|publisher=]}}</ref>		\|<ref>{{cite web\|title=M6.4 – 78 km SW of Iquique, Chile\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p2cs#general_summary\|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

	===Associated events===		===Associated events===
	Such large earthquakes can have effects far away other than tsunamis.<ref>{{cite magazine\|last=Lubick \|first=Naomi \|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/triggered-swarms \|title=Triggered Swarms: How Big Quakes Can Cause Small Quakes Far Away \|magazine=Scientific American \|date=March 2003 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}{{Subscription required\|date=April 2014}}</ref> A megathrust quake can shake the entire earth, but causes stronger movement and strain on the entire associated oceanic plate, beyond the few hundred kilometer rupture zone. Though too far to be an aftershock, a 6.0 quake on a thin protruding wedge of the ] (Iquique quake shoved this plate) was reported off Panama within 12 hours of the main shock.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p11f \|title=M6.0 - 52km S of Pedregal, Panama 2014-04-02 16:13:27 UTC \|publisher=~~U.S.~~ Geological Survey \|date=3 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref>		Such large earthquakes can have effects far away other than tsunamis.<ref>{{cite magazine\|last=Lubick \|first=Naomi \|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/triggered-swarms \|title=Triggered Swarms: How Big Quakes Can Cause Small Quakes Far Away \|magazine=Scientific American \|date=March 2003 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}{{Subscription required\|date=April 2014}}</ref> A megathrust quake can shake the entire earth, but causes stronger movement and strain on the entire associated oceanic plate, beyond the few hundred kilometer rupture zone. Though too far to be an aftershock, a 6.0 quake on a thin protruding wedge of the ] (Iquique quake shoved this plate) was reported off Panama within 12 hours of the main shock.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p11f \|title=M6.0 – 52km S of Pedregal, Panama 2014-04-02 16:13:27 UTC \|publisher=United States Geological Survey \|date=3 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref>

	==Tsunami==		==Tsunami==
	]		]
	Under advice from the ], tsunami warnings were issued for the ]n Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.<ref name="TIME Magazine Report">{{cite magazine\|url = ~~http~~://time.com/46206/chile-earthquake/\|title = Five Dead After Huge Quake Hits off Coast of Chile\|date = 1 April 2014\|~~accessdate~~ = 2 April 2014\|magazine = Time\|last1 = Stout\|first1 = David\|last2 = Winograd\|first2 = David}}</ref><ref name = "BBC Tsunami Alert"/><ref name="Pacific Tsunami Warning and Watch">{{cite web \| title=Tsunami Warning and Warch for Latin American Pacific coastline \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 \| publisher=] \| date=1 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402005014/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> Chile was subsequently hit by a large tsunami in its northern territories, with a maximum height of {{Convert\|4.63\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in ].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tsunami Event:IQUIQUE, CHILE\|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5557\|publisher=NGDC}}</ref><ref name="bp">{{cite web\|title=Pacific Tsunami Waves hit Chile after an Earthquake measuring 8.3\|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/pacific-tsunami-waves-hit-chile-after-an-earthquake-measuring-8-3/\|agency=Indo-Asian News Service\|publisher=news.biharprabha.com\|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>		Under advice from the ], tsunami warnings were issued for the ]n Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.<ref name="TIME Magazine Report">{{cite magazine\|url = https://time.com/46206/chile-earthquake/\|title = Five Dead After Huge Quake Hits off Coast of Chile\|date = 1 April 2014\|access-date = 2 April 2014\|magazine = Time\|last1 = Stout\|first1 = David\|last2 = Winograd\|first2 = David}}</ref><ref name = "BBC Tsunami Alert"/><ref name="Pacific Tsunami Warning and Watch">{{cite web \| title=Tsunami Warning and Warch for Latin American Pacific coastline \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 \| publisher=] \| date=1 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402005014/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> Chile was subsequently hit by a large tsunami in its northern territories, with a maximum height of {{Convert\|4.63\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in ].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tsunami Event:IQUIQUE, CHILE\|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5557\|publisher=NGDC}}</ref><ref name="bp">{{cite web\|title=Pacific Tsunami Waves hit Chile after an Earthquake measuring 8.3\|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/pacific-tsunami-waves-hit-chile-after-an-earthquake-measuring-8-3/\|agency=Indo-Asian News Service\|publisher=news.biharprabha.com\|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>

	The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web \| title=Tsunami Warning and Watch Cancellation \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 \| publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center \| date=2 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402044628/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.<ref name="HIadvisory">{{cite web \| title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsumani Advisory \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 \| publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center \| date=2 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402035225/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="HIadvisoryCancellation">{{cite web \| title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsunami Advisory Cancellation \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 \| publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center \| date=2 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402174627/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> On 3 April local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Japan hit by Tsunami waves on 3 April after Chilean Earthquake\|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/japan-hit-by-tsunami-waves-on-april-3-after-chilean-earthquake/\|agency=Indo-Asian News Service\|publisher=news.biharprabha.com\|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> The tsunami reached {{convert\|60\|cm\|ft}} high in ], ], Japan.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG43116BG42UTIL03Z.html \|title=60 cm Tsunami Observed in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture; Caused by Chile Quake (岩手県久慈市で津波６０センチ観測チリ地震) \|publisher=Asahi Shimbun Company (朝日新聞) \|date=3 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014 \|language=Japanese}}</ref>		The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web \| title=Tsunami Warning and Watch Cancellation \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 \| publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center \| date=2 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402044628/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.<ref name="HIadvisory">{{cite web \| title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsumani Advisory \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 \| publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center \| date=2 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402035225/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="HIadvisoryCancellation">{{cite web \| title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsunami Advisory Cancellation \| url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 \| publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center \| date=2 April 2014 \| accessdate=2 April 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402174627/http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 \| archive-date=2 April 2014 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> On 3 April local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Japan hit by Tsunami waves on 3 April after Chilean Earthquake\|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/japan-hit-by-tsunami-waves-on-april-3-after-chilean-earthquake/\|agency=Indo-Asian News Service\|publisher=news.biharprabha.com\|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> The tsunami reached {{convert\|60\|cm\|ft}} high in ], ], Japan.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG43116BG42UTIL03Z.html \|title=60 cm Tsunami Observed in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture; Caused by Chile Quake (岩手県久慈市で津波６０センチ観測チリ地震) \|publisher=Asahi Shimbun Company (朝日新聞) \|date=3 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014 \|language=Japanese}}</ref>

	==Impact==		==Impact==
	===Chile===		===Chile===
	Five people died of indirect causes<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/> and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.<ref></ref> An additional three people were killed due to landslides and on April 4, a six-day-old infant died due to ], after she and her mother sought refuge in a tent.<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/>		Five people died of indirect causes<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/> and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.<ref></ref> An additional three people were killed due to landslides and on April 4, a six-day-old infant died due to ], after she and her mother sought refuge in a tent.<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/>

	In ], over 200 people were hospitalized and an airport's control tower was damaged. Houses also collapsed in ].<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/> Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of ] and ].<ref>{{cite news \|first1=Génesis \|last1=Moreno \|first2=María \|last2=Paz Núñez \|url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml \|title=Replenishment of basic services has been slower in communes of Iquique and Alto Hospicio (Reposición de servicios básicos ha sido más lenta en comunas de Iquique y Alto Hospicio) \|newspaper=La Tercera \|date=2 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014 \|language=Spanish \|archive-date=3 April 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403013014/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		In ], over 200 people were hospitalized and an airport's control tower was damaged. Houses also collapsed in ].<ref name="EQ_RPRT"/> Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of ] and ].<ref>{{cite news \|first1=Génesis \|last1=Moreno \|first2=María \|last2=Paz Núñez \|url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml \|title=Replenishment of basic services has been slower in communes of Iquique and Alto Hospicio (Reposición de servicios básicos ha sido más lenta en comunas de Iquique y Alto Hospicio) \|newspaper=La Tercera \|date=2 April 2014 \|accessdate=4 April 2014 \|language=Spanish \|archive-date=3 April 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403013014/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

		⚫	During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26855734 \|date=2 April 2014 \|last=Amos \|first=Jonathan \|title=Chile soldiers hunt escaped inmates in quake-hit Iquique \|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

⚫	During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26855734 \|date=2 April 2014 \|last=Amos \|first=Jonathan \|title=Chile soldiers hunt escaped inmates in quake-hit Iquique \|~~newspaper~~=]}}</ref>
	===Peru===		===Peru===
	In southern ], nine people were injured, four structures, including two temples collapsed and 81 houses, three schools, four clinics, three public buildings and a temple were damaged.<ref name="EQ_RPRT">{{cite news \|url=http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ \|title=Massive earthquake and tsunami at the Tarapaca coast, Northern Chile – The full story from the very beginning \|newspaper=Earthquake-Report.com \|access-date=7 April 2014 \|archive-date=7 June 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607234852/http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		In southern ], nine people were injured, four structures, including two temples collapsed and 81 houses, three schools, four clinics, three public buildings and a temple were damaged.<ref name="EQ_RPRT">{{cite news \|url=http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ \|title=Massive earthquake and tsunami at the Tarapaca coast, Northern Chile – The full story from the very beginning \|newspaper=Earthquake-Report.com \|access-date=7 April 2014 \|archive-date=7 June 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607234852/http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
	* ]		* ]
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist~~\|30em~~}}		{{reflist}}

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	{{Commons category}}		{{Commons category}}
	* – ]		* – ]
	* – ]		* – ]
	* – ]		* – ]

Latest revision as of 14:56, 21 December 2024

Earthquake near Chile

2014 Iquique earthquake
USGS ShakeMap for the earthquake
IquiqueSantiago
UTC time	2014-04-01 23:46:47
ISC event	610102185
USGS-ANSS	ComCat
Local date	1 April 2014 (2014-04-01)
Local time	20:46 CST (UTC-03:00)
Duration	3 minutes
Magnitude	8.2 M_w
Depth	25 km (16 mi)
Epicenter	19°36′36″S 70°46′08″W / 19.610°S 70.769°W / -19.610; -70.769
Type	Megathrust
Areas affected	Chile, Peru
Total damage	8,300 homes damaged
Max. intensity	MMI VIII (Severe)
Peak acceleration	1.05 g
Tsunami	4.6 m (15 ft)
Casualties	11 dead, 209 injured

The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck off the coast of Chile on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.2, at 20:46 local time (23:46 UTC). The epicenter of the earthquake was approximately 95 kilometres (59 mi) northwest of Iquique. The mainshock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a M7.7 event on 3 April. The megathrust earthquake triggered a tsunami of up to 2.11 metres (6.9 ft) that hit Iquique at 21:05 local time (00:05 UTC, 2 April). Similar-sized tsunamis were also reported to have hit the coasts of Pisagua and Arica.

Geology

Earthquake

Aftershocks

There were several significant aftershocks above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.

Time (local)	M	I	Depth	Epicenter
1 April at 20:57:58	6.9	VI	28.4 km (17.6 mi)	91 km (57 mi) WNW of Iquique
2 April at 22:58:30	6.5	VI	24.1 km (15.0 mi)	46 km (29 mi) WSW of Iquique
2 April at 23:43:13	7.7	IX	22.4 km (13.9 mi)	53 km (33 mi) SW of Iquique
3 April at 02:26:15	6.4	VI	25 km (16 mi)	78 km (48 mi) SW of Iquique

Associated events

Such large earthquakes can have effects far away other than tsunamis. A megathrust quake can shake the entire earth, but causes stronger movement and strain on the entire associated oceanic plate, beyond the few hundred kilometer rupture zone. Though too far to be an aftershock, a 6.0 quake on a thin protruding wedge of the Nazca plate (Iquique quake shoved this plate) was reported off Panama within 12 hours of the main shock.

Tsunami

Under advice from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, tsunami warnings were issued for the Latin American Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred. Chile was subsequently hit by a large tsunami in its northern territories, with a maximum height of 4.63 m (15.2 ft) in Arica.

The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake. The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours. On 3 April local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan. The tsunami reached 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) high in Kuji, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

Impact

Chile

Five people died of indirect causes and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards. An additional three people were killed due to landslides and on April 4, a six-day-old infant died due to hypothermia, after she and her mother sought refuge in a tent.

In Iquique, over 200 people were hospitalized and an airport's control tower was damaged. Houses also collapsed in Arica. Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of Arica y Parinacota and Tarapacá.

During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.

Peru

In southern Peru, nine people were injured, four structures, including two temples collapsed and 81 houses, three schools, four clinics, three public buildings and a temple were damaged.

References

^ "M8.2 – 95 km NW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
^ "Massive earthquake and tsunami at the Tarapaca coast, Northern Chile – The full story from the very beginning". Earthquake-Report.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
"Registros instrumentales evento del 2014-04-01 23:46:45". Centro Sismológico Nacional (CSN). Retrieved 19 January 2023.
^ "Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile". BBC. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
Shabner, Dean (1 April 2014). "8.2-Magnitude Earthquake Off Chile Triggers Tsunami". United States: ABC News. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
^ "Pacific Tsunami Waves hit Chile after an Earthquake measuring 8.3". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
Tsunami Message Number 6 Archived 2 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, NWS Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, 1 April 2014
"Magnitude-6.7 quake hits Chile, 100,000 evacuated". USA Today.
"Earthquake Report (Informe de Sismo Sensible)" (in Spanish). Sismologia.cl. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
"La estrella de Iquique", 2 April 2014, page 5
"Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile". BBC News. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
"M8.2 – 95km NW of Iquique, Chile 2014-04-01 23:46:46 UTC". United States Geological Survey. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
"M6.9 – 91 km WNW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
"M6.5 – 46 km WSW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
"M7.7 – 53 km SW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
"M6.4 – 78 km SW of Iquique, Chile". United States Geological Survey.
Lubick, Naomi (March 2003). "Triggered Swarms: How Big Quakes Can Cause Small Quakes Far Away". Scientific American. Retrieved 4 April 2014.(subscription required)
"M6.0 – 52km S of Pedregal, Panama 2014-04-02 16:13:27 UTC". United States Geological Survey. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Stout, David; Winograd, David (1 April 2014). "Five Dead After Huge Quake Hits off Coast of Chile". Time. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
"Tsunami Warning and Warch for Latin American Pacific coastline". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
"Tsunami Event:IQUIQUE, CHILE". NGDC.
"Tsunami Warning and Watch Cancellation". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
"Hawai'ian Islands Tsumani Advisory". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
"Hawai'ian Islands Tsunami Advisory Cancellation". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
"Japan hit by Tsunami waves on 3 April after Chilean Earthquake". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
"60 cm Tsunami Observed in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture; Caused by Chile Quake (岩手県久慈市で津波６０センチ観測チリ地震)" (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun Company (朝日新聞). 3 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
"La estralla de Iquique", April 4, 2014, page 10
Moreno, Génesis; Paz Núñez, María (2 April 2014). "Replenishment of basic services has been slower in communes of Iquique and Alto Hospicio (Reposición de servicios básicos ha sido más lenta en comunas de Iquique y Alto Hospicio)". La Tercera (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Amos, Jonathan (2 April 2014). "Chile soldiers hunt escaped inmates in quake-hit Iquique". BBC News.

External links

M8.2 – 95km NW of Iquique, Chile – United States Geological Survey
Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile – BBC News
5 Dead After Powerful Quake Strikes Off Chile's Coast – ABC News
Powerful earthquake strikes off Chile Archived 3 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine – CNN
Tsunami Animation: Iquique, Chile, 1 April 2014 – National Tsunami Warning Center
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.

v t e ← Earthquakes in 2014 →
January	Eketahuna, New Zealand (6.1, Jan 20)
February	Yutian, Xinjiang, China (6.9, Feb 12)
March	La Habra, California, U.S. (5.1, Mar 29)
April	Iquique, Chile (8.2, Apr 1) Managua, Nicaragua (6.1, Apr 10) Guerrero, Mexico (7.2, Apr 18)
May	Mae Lao, Thailand (6.1, May 5) Sindh, Pakistan (4.5, May 8) Aegean Sea (6.9, May 24) Yingjiang, Yunnan, China (5.6, May 24)
June	Aleutian Islands, United States (7.9, Jun 23)
July	Mexico–Guatemala (6.9, Jul 7) Alaska, United States (6.0, Jul 25)
August	Ludian, Yunnan, China (6.1, Aug 3 †‡) Orkney, South Africa (5.5, Aug 5) Cayambe, Ecuador (5.1, Aug 12) Murmuri, Iran (6.2, Aug 18) Napa, California, U.S. (6.0, Aug 24)
September	Cusco Region, Peru (4.9, Sep 28)
October	Jinggu, Yunnan, China (6.0, Oct 7) Intipuca, El Salvador (7.3, Oct 14)
November	Kangding, Sichuan, China (5.9, Nov 22)
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year Times for all earthquakes are in UTC

v t e Earthquakes in Chile
Historical	1420 Caldera 1570 Concepción 1575 Valdivia 1604 Arica 1615 Arica 1647 Santiago 1657 Concepción 1730 Valparaíso 1737 Valdivia 1751 Concepción 1819 Copiapó 1822 Valparaíso 1835 Concepción 1837 Valdivia 1868 Arica 1877 Iquique
20th century	1906 Valparaíso 1922 Vallenar 1928 Talca 1939 Chillán 1943 Ovalle 1949 Tierra del Fuego 1950 Calama 1953 Concepción 1960 Concepción 1960 Valdivia 1965 Valparaíso 1971 Aconcagua 1985 Algarrobo 1985 Rapel Lake 1995 Antofagasta 1997 Punitaqui
21st century	2005 Tarapacá 2007 Aysén Fjord 2007 Tocopilla 2010 Chile 2010 Pichilemu 2012 Constitución 2013 Vallenar 2014 Iquique 2015 Illapel 2016 Chiloé 2017 Valparaíso 2019 Coquimbo

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