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{{Short description|Argentine-American atmospheric physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist
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| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1939}}
| birth_place = ], Argentina
| death_date =
| death_place =
| name = Isidoro Orlanski
| image =
| image_size = 220px
⚫ | caption = Orlanski seated in an office at the ]
| education = ]<br>]
| doctoral_advisor = ]
| academic_advisors = ]
| workplaces = ]<br>]
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = ]
| website =
}}
⚫ '''Isidoro Orlanski''' (born 1939) is an Argentine-American ], meteorologist, and ocean scientist. He is known for his contributions to the dynamics of ] and ], especially his work on ]. He is currently an emeritus professor at ].<ref name=uba></ref><ref name=gfdl></ref>


⚫ == Early life and education ==
⚫ ]
⚫ Orlanski was born in ], in 1939 to Jewish immigrants Samuel and Sara Orlanski, who fled ] during the early 20th century pogroms. With the help of the ], which enabled Jewish immigrants from ] to farm in Argentina, the Orlanski family settled in rural Argentina before moving to ] in the early 1940s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.museocarhue.gob.ar/archivo-historico/investigaciones/nuestros-pueblos-rivera-col-baron-hirsch |title=Nuestros Pueblos: Rivera (Col. Barón Hirsch) |author=Gastón Partarrieu |website=Museo Dr. Adolfo Alsina |publisher=Museo Regional Carhué |access-date=2025-01-13 |language=es}}</ref>


In 1959, Orlanski enrolled in the ] (Spanish: ''Facultad de Ciencias Exactas'') at the ], where he studied physics. During his study, Orlanski worked as a programmer for Dr. Rolando Garcia, the dean of the school at the time, assisting U.S. professors visiting the Department of Meteorology.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iec.conadu.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2017-PU4-63-64.pdf |title=Sobre la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales durante el peronismo clásico |author=María Paula Bugallo |date=August 2024 |website=Instituto de Estudios y Capacitación (IEC) |publisher=CONADU |access-date=2025-01-13 |language=es}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2025}} In 1964, Orlanski earned a degree in physics from ]. In 1965, he received a grant to pursue graduate studies at the ]. Under the supervision of Dr. ], he completed his PhD in 1967.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=Isidoro |date=1968 |title=Instability of Frontal Waves |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=178–200 |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1968)025<0178:IOFW>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=1968JAtS...25..178O |url=https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/bibliography/related_files/io6801.pdf |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2025}} His thesis, titled ''Instability of Frontal Waves,'' earned the ] Award for best thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.<ref name=paoc>{{cite web |url=https://paocweb.mit.edu/education/graduate/the-carl-gustaf-rossby-award/ |title=Carl Gustav Rossby Award 1968 |website=MIT PAOC |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref><ref name=uba>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-26 |title=Siempre está volviendo |url=https://nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar/siempre-esta-volviendo |website=nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar |language=es}}</ref>
⚫ '''Isidoro Orlanski''' (born 1939) is an Argentine-American physicist, meteorologist, and ocean scientist of Polish and Jewish heritage. Known for his groundbreaking contributions to the dynamics of weather systems and ocean currents, Orlanski is an emeritus professor in the Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences (A.O.S.) program at Princeton University.

⚫ == Early Life and Education ==
⚫ Isidoro Orlanski was born in Rivera, Argentina, in 1939 to Jewish immigrants Samuel and Sara Orlanski, who fled Wolkowyski, Poland during the early 20th century pogroms. With the help of the Jewish Colonization Association (J.C.A.), which enabled Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe to farm in Argentina, the Orlanski family settled in rural Argentina before moving to Buenos Aires in the early 1940s.

In 1960, Isidoro enrolled in the the ''Facultad de Ciencias Exactas'' (''FCEFyN''), or School of Exact Sciences and Physics, at the University of Buenos Aires (U.B.A.). While studying in the Department of Physics, he worked as a programmer for Dr. Rolando Garcia, the dean of the school, assisting U.S. professors visiting the Department of Meteorology. In 1964, Orlanski earned a degree in physics from U.B.A.. In 1965, he received a grant to pursue graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Under the supervision of Professor Jule Charney, he completed his PhD in 1967 with a thesis titled ''Instability of Frontal Waves,'' which earned the Carl Gustav Rossby Award for best thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://paocweb.mit.edu/education/graduate/the-carl-gustaf-rossby-award/ |title=Carl Gustav Rossby Award 1968 |website=MIT PAOC |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref>


== Career == == Career ==
Before his anticipated return to Argentina, Orlanski followed Jule Charney's advice to spend a year in Washington, D.C., joining the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/the-sixties-in-argentina-political-repression-cultural-vibrancy/ |title=The Sixties in Argentina: Political Repression, Cultural Vibrancy |website=Harvard Review of Latin America |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> The GFDL, under the leadership of Dr. Joseph Smagorinsky, was pioneering the development of numerical models for weather forecasting and climate assessment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2005/09/29/pioneering-meteorologist-smagorinsky-dies |title=Pioneering Meteorologist Smagorinsky Dies |website=Princeton University |date=September 29, 2005 |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> Orlanski ultimately decided to spend his career at GFDL. He relocated with the lab to Princeton, New Jersey, where he became a lecturer in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (A.O.S), a collaboration between the lab and Princeton University.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aos.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf1176/files/resource-links/aosprogramhistory.pdf |title=The AOS Program’s Fortuitous Beginnings |website=Princeton University |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> Before his return to ], Orlanski followed Charney's advice to spend a year in ], joining the ] (GFDL), where he worked with Dr. ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/the-sixties-in-argentina-political-repression-cultural-vibrancy/ |title=The Sixties in Argentina: Political Repression, Cultural Vibrancy |website=Harvard Review of Latin America |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2025}} The GFDL, under the leadership of Smagorinsky, was developing numerical models for weather forecasting and climate assessment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2005/09/29/pioneering-meteorologist-smagorinsky-dies |title=Pioneering Meteorologist Smagorinsky Dies |website=Princeton University |date=September 29, 2005 |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> Orlanski decided to spend his career at GFDL. He relocated with the lab to ], ], where he became a lecturer in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, a collaboration between the lab and Princeton.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aos.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf1176/files/resource-links/aosprogramhistory.pdf |title=The AOS Program's Fortuitous Beginnings |website=Princeton University |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref>


By 1980, GDFL had grown to 134 staff members, with Orlanski being appointed the lab's first Deputy Director.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/52156 |title=GFDL Activities: Review of Twenty-Five Years of Research 1955-1980 |website=NOAA |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> During a sabbatical in Argentina in 1985, he established a center for numerical modeling that became the ''Centro de Investigaciones para el Mar y la Atmósfera'' (CIMA).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aos.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf1176/files/news_and_events/AOS-CICS-Newsletter-Spring-2008-rev.pdf |title=AOS & CICS Newsletter, Vol. 2 Number 2: Orlanski Trip to Argentina |website=Princeton University |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> CIMA grew into a leading institution in Latin America, attracting scientists and students globally. By 1980, GFDL had grown to 134 staff members, with Orlanski being appointed the lab's first Deputy Director.<ref name=gfdl>{{cite web |url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/52156 |title=GFDL Activities: Review of Twenty-Five Years of Research 1955-1980 |website=NOAA |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> During a sabbatical in Argentina in 1985, he established a center for numerical modeling that became the '']'' (CIMA).<ref name=cima>{{cite web |url=https://aos.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf1176/files/news_and_events/AOS-CICS-Newsletter-Spring-2008-rev.pdf |title=AOS & CICS Newsletter, Vol. 2 Number 2: Orlanski Trip to Argentina |website=Princeton University |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref> Orlanski retired from GFDL in 2007 but continued teaching at ] until 2017, retiring as a lecturer with the rank of Full Professor.<ref name=gfdl></ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2025}}

Orlanski retired from GFDL in 2007 but continued teaching at Princeton University until 2017, retiring as a lecturer with the rank of Full Professor.


== Research == == Research ==
Orlanski’s work has been instrumental in mesoscale meteorology. He introduced the terms ''Meso-alpha,'' ''Meso-beta,'' and ''Meso-gamma'' to classify the horizontal scales of atmospheric processes, widely used in limited area modeling. The primary purpose of Orlanski’s classification of mesoscale phenomena was to assist modelers in designing limited-area models for mesoscale prediction. This framework was pivotal in the design of field experiments for mesoscale observations, as well as in defining the spatial and temporal scales necessary for forecast models. Moreover, it took over two decades for both numerical models and observational technologies to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in this domain. His research on boundary conditions for unbounded hyperbolic flows has applications beyond meteorology, influencing fields like hydrology and flow chemistry. Orlanski’s worked in ]. He introduced the terms ''Meso-alpha,'' ''Meso-beta,'' and ''Meso-gamma'' to classify the horizontal scales of atmospheric processes, widely used in limited area modeling.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=Isidoro |date=1975 |title=A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=527–530 |issn=0003-0007 |jstor=26216020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Craig |first1=G. C. |last2=Selz |first2=T. |date=2017 |title=Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=410–417 |doi=10.1002/2017GL076174 |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076174 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> The primary purpose of Orlanski’s classification of mesoscale phenomena was to assist modelers in designing limited-area models for mesoscale prediction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Craig |first1=G. C. |last2=Selz |first2=T. |date=2017 |title=Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=410–417 |doi=10.1002/2017GL076174 |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076174 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> This framework was used in the design of field experiments for mesoscale observations, as well as in defining the spatial and temporal scales necessary for forecast models.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ulanski |first1=Stan L. |last2=Heymsfield |first2=Gerald M. |date=1986 |title=Meso-β Scale Perturbations of the Wind Field by Thunderstorm Cells |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=114 |issue=4 |pages=780–793 |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO |doi-broken-date=15 January 2025 |url=https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> Moreover, it took over two decades for both numerical models and observational technologies to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in this domain.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=S. |last2=Ashrit |first2=R. |last3=Iyengar |first3=G. R. |date=2008 |title=Skills of Different Mesoscale Models Over Indian Region During Monsoon Season: Forecast Errors |journal=Journal of Earth System Science |volume=117 |issue=5 |pages=603–620 |doi=10.1007/s12040-008-0056-4 |bibcode=2008JESS..117..603D |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-008-0056-4 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> Orlanski's research on boundary conditions for unbounded hyperbolic flows has applications beyond meteorology, influencing fields like hydrology and flow chemistry.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Markowski |first1=Paul |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470682104 |title=Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes |last2=Richardson |first2=Yvette |date=2010-02-05 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-74213-6 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9780470682104}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marchesiello |first1=Patrick |last2=McWilliams |first2=James C. |last3=Shchepetkin |first3=Alexander |date=2001 |title=Open Boundary Conditions for Long-Term Integration of Regional Oceanic Models |journal=Ocean Modelling |volume=3 |issue=1–2 |doi=10.1016/S1463-5003(00)000135 |doi-broken-date=15 January 2025 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-5003(00)000135 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref>


⚫ == Awards and honors ==
Climate and weather forecasting typically utilize global models that, given the initial state of the atmosphere, can simulate future atmospheric conditions. These models, however, are very coarse, with data points spaced hundreds of kilometers apart to cover the entire globe. This resolution is inadequate for simulating mesoscale phenomena, which can range over scales of just a few hundred kilometers. Consequently, a different model type, Limited Area Models (L.A.M.), becomes important. For these models to be effective, they require a set of initial conditions as well as an understanding of the dynamics at the boundaries of the model domain.
⚫ * Carl Gustav Rossby Award (MIT, 1968) – For best PhD thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.<ref name=paoc></ref>
* ] (1985) – For outstanding mesoscale research, scientific leadership, and administrative accomplishments.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=NOAA Administrator's Award |date=1985-10-04 |publisher=NOAA |type=Plaque |quote=The plaque recognizes Isidoro Orlanski for outstanding mesoscale research, scientific leadership, and administrative accomplishments.}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2025}}
⚫ * RAICES Prize (2011) – Awarded by the ] for contributions to science and scientific development in Argentina.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aos.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf1176/files/news_and_events/AOS-CICS-Newsletter-Fall-2011.pdf |title=AOS & CICS Newsletter, Fall 2011, Volume 5, Number 3 |website=Princeton University |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref>
⚫ * Fellow of the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/about-ams/ams-organization-and-administration/list-of-fellows/ |title=List of Fellows |website=American Meteorological Society |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref>


⚫ == Selected publications ==
In the mid-1970s, Orlanski published two seminal works. In the first article, "A Rational Subdivision for Scales of Atmospheric Processes," he classified and coined the terms Meso-alpha, Meso-beta, and Meso-gamma to identify the appropriate horizontal scales of atmospheric processes, which are mainly used for limited area modeling of these phenomena. The second paper, "A Simple Boundary Condition for Unbounded Hyperbolic Flows,” garnered interest beyond atmospheric sciences, including hydrology and flow chemistry. It provided a straightforward numerical scheme for establishing boundary conditions in bounded flows.
* {{Cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=Isidoro |date=1968 |title=Instability of Frontal Waves |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=178–200 |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1968)025<0178:IOFW>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=1968JAtS...25..178O |issn=0022-4928|doi-access=free }}

* {{Cite journal |last1=Orlanski |first1=Isidoro |last2=Bryan |first2=Kirk |date=1969-12-20 |title=Formation of the thermocline step structure by large-amplitude internal gravity waves |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/JC074i028p06975 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |language=en |volume=74 |issue=28 |pages=6975–6983 |doi=10.1029/JC074i028p06975|bibcode=1969JGR....74.6975O }}
⚫ Key publications include:
* "A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes" (1975) * {{Cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=Isidoro |date=1975 |title=A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26216020 |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=527–530 |jstor=26216020 |issn=0003-0007}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=I |date=1976-07-01 |title=A simple boundary condition for unbounded hyperbolic flows |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021999176900231 |journal=Journal of Computational Physics |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=251–269 |doi=10.1016/0021-9991(76)90023-1 |bibcode=1976JCoPh..21..251O |issn=0021-9991}}
* "A Simple Boundary Condition for Unbounded Hyperbolic Flows" (1976)
* {{Cite journal |last1=Orlanski |first1=I. |last2=Katzfey |first2=J. |date=1991 |title=The Life Cycle of a Cyclone Wave in the Southern Hemisphere. Part I: Eddy Energy Budget |url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)0482.0.CO;2 |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |language=en |volume=48 |issue=17 |pages=1972–1998 |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1972:TLCOAC>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=1991JAtS...48.1972O |issn=0022-4928}}

* {{Cite journal |last1=Orlanski |first1=Isidoro |last2=Chang |first2=Edmund K. M. |date=1993 |title=Ageostrophic Geopotential Fluxes in Downstream and Upstream Development of Baroclinic Waves |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=212–225 |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<0212:AGFIDA>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=1993JAtS...50..212O |issn=0022-4928|doi-access=free }}
⚫ == Awards and Honors ==
⚫ * '''Carl Gustav Rossby Award''' (MIT, 1968) – For best PhD thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.
* '''NOAA Administrator's Award''' (1985) – For outstanding mesoscale research, scientific leadership, and administrative accomplishments.
⚫ * '''RAICES Prize''' (2011) – Awarded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Argentina for contributions to science and scientific development in Argentina.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aos.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf1176/files/news_and_events/AOS-CICS-Newsletter-Fall-2011.pdf |title=AOS & CICS Newsletter, Fall 2011, Volume 5, Number 3 |website=Princeton University |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref>
⚫ * Fellow of the American Meteorological Society.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/about-ams/ams-organization-and-administration/list-of-fellows/ |title=List of Fellows |website=American Meteorological Society |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref>
* Emeritus status at Princeton University's A.O.S. program.

== Selected Academic Publications ==
* Orlanski, I. (1968). ''Instability of Frontal Waves.'' Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 25(2):178-200.
* Orlanski, I., & Bryan, K. (1969). ''Formation of the Thermocline Step Structure by Large-Amplitude Internal Gravity Waves.'' Journal of Geophysical Research, 74(28):6975-6983.
* Orlanski, I. (1975). ''A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes.'' Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 56(5):527-530.
* Orlanski, I. (1976). ''A Simple Boundary Condition for Unbounded Hyperbolic Flows.'' Journal of Computational Physics, 21(3):251-269.
* Orlanski, I., & Katzfey, J. (1991). ''The Life Cycle of a Cyclone Wave in the Southern Hemisphere.'' Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 48(17):1972-1998.
* Orlanski, I., & Chang, E.K.M. (1993). ''Ageostrophic Geopotential Fluxes in Downstream and Upstream Development of Baroclinic Waves.'' Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 50(2):212-225.


== References == == References ==
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Argentine-American atmospheric physicist
Isidoro Orlanski
Born1939 (age 85–86)
Rivera, Buenos Aires, Argentina
EducationUniversity of Buenos Aires
MIT
Known formesoscale meteorology
Scientific career
InstitutionsGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Princeton University
Doctoral advisorJule Charney
Other academic advisorsJoseph Smagorinsky

Isidoro Orlanski (born 1939) is an Argentine-American atmospheric physicist, meteorologist, and ocean scientist. He is known for his contributions to the dynamics of weather systems and ocean currents, especially his work on mesoscale meteorology. He is currently an emeritus professor at Princeton University.

Early life and education

Orlanski was born in Rivera, Buenos Aires, in 1939 to Jewish immigrants Samuel and Sara Orlanski, who fled Wolkowysk, Poland during the early 20th century pogroms. With the help of the Jewish Colonization Association, which enabled Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe to farm in Argentina, the Orlanski family settled in rural Argentina before moving to Buenos Aires in the early 1940s.

In 1959, Orlanski enrolled in the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (Spanish: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas) at the University of Buenos Aires, where he studied physics. During his study, Orlanski worked as a programmer for Dr. Rolando Garcia, the dean of the school at the time, assisting U.S. professors visiting the Department of Meteorology. In 1964, Orlanski earned a degree in physics from University of Buenos Aires. In 1965, he received a grant to pursue graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Under the supervision of Dr. Jule Charney, he completed his PhD in 1967. His thesis, titled Instability of Frontal Waves, earned the Carl Gustav Rossby Award for best thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.

Career

Before his return to Argentina, Orlanski followed Charney's advice to spend a year in Washington, D.C., joining the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), where he worked with Dr. Joseph Smagorinsky. The GFDL, under the leadership of Smagorinsky, was developing numerical models for weather forecasting and climate assessment. Orlanski decided to spend his career at GFDL. He relocated with the lab to Princeton University, New Jersey, where he became a lecturer in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, a collaboration between the lab and Princeton.

By 1980, GFDL had grown to 134 staff members, with Orlanski being appointed the lab's first Deputy Director. During a sabbatical in Argentina in 1985, he established a center for numerical modeling that became the Centro de Investigaciones para el Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA). Orlanski retired from GFDL in 2007 but continued teaching at Princeton University until 2017, retiring as a lecturer with the rank of Full Professor.

Research

Orlanski’s worked in mesoscale meteorology. He introduced the terms Meso-alpha, Meso-beta, and Meso-gamma to classify the horizontal scales of atmospheric processes, widely used in limited area modeling. The primary purpose of Orlanski’s classification of mesoscale phenomena was to assist modelers in designing limited-area models for mesoscale prediction. This framework was used in the design of field experiments for mesoscale observations, as well as in defining the spatial and temporal scales necessary for forecast models. Moreover, it took over two decades for both numerical models and observational technologies to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in this domain. Orlanski's research on boundary conditions for unbounded hyperbolic flows has applications beyond meteorology, influencing fields like hydrology and flow chemistry.

Awards and honors

Selected publications

References

  1. ^ "Siempre está volviendo". nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar (in Spanish). 2012-04-26.
  2. ^ "GFDL Activities: Review of Twenty-Five Years of Research 1955-1980". NOAA. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  3. Gastón Partarrieu. "Nuestros Pueblos: Rivera (Col. Barón Hirsch)". Museo Dr. Adolfo Alsina (in Spanish). Museo Regional Carhué. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  4. María Paula Bugallo (August 2024). "Sobre la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales durante el peronismo clásico" (PDF). Instituto de Estudios y Capacitación (IEC) (in Spanish). CONADU. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  5. Orlanski, Isidoro (1968). "Instability of Frontal Waves" (PDF). Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 25 (2): 178–200. Bibcode:1968JAtS...25..178O. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1968)025<0178:IOFW>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  6. ^ "Carl Gustav Rossby Award 1968". MIT PAOC. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  7. "The Sixties in Argentina: Political Repression, Cultural Vibrancy". Harvard Review of Latin America. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  8. "Pioneering Meteorologist Smagorinsky Dies". Princeton University. September 29, 2005. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  9. "The AOS Program's Fortuitous Beginnings" (PDF). Princeton University. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  10. "AOS & CICS Newsletter, Vol. 2 Number 2: Orlanski Trip to Argentina" (PDF). Princeton University. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  11. Orlanski, Isidoro (1975). "A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 56 (5): 527–530. ISSN 0003-0007. JSTOR 26216020.
  12. Craig, G. C.; Selz, T. (2017). "Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (1): 410–417. doi:10.1002/2017GL076174. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  13. Craig, G. C.; Selz, T. (2017). "Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (1): 410–417. doi:10.1002/2017GL076174. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  14. Ulanski, Stan L.; Heymsfield, Gerald M. (1986). <0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO "Meso-β Scale Perturbations of the Wind Field by Thunderstorm Cells". Monthly Weather Review. 114 (4): 780–793. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO (inactive 15 January 2025). Retrieved 2025-01-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025 (link)
  15. Das, S.; Ashrit, R.; Iyengar, G. R. (2008). "Skills of Different Mesoscale Models Over Indian Region During Monsoon Season: Forecast Errors". Journal of Earth System Science. 117 (5): 603–620. Bibcode:2008JESS..117..603D. doi:10.1007/s12040-008-0056-4. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  16. Markowski, Paul; Richardson, Yvette (2010-02-05). Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9780470682104. ISBN 978-0-470-74213-6.
  17. Marchesiello, Patrick; McWilliams, James C.; Shchepetkin, Alexander (2001). "Open Boundary Conditions for Long-Term Integration of Regional Oceanic Models". Ocean Modelling. 3 (1–2). doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(00)000135 (inactive 15 January 2025). Retrieved 2025-01-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025 (link)
  18. NOAA Administrator's Award (Plaque). NOAA. 1985-10-04. The plaque recognizes Isidoro Orlanski for outstanding mesoscale research, scientific leadership, and administrative accomplishments.
  19. "AOS & CICS Newsletter, Fall 2011, Volume 5, Number 3" (PDF). Princeton University. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  20. "List of Fellows". American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
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