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== List of rulers ==

=== List of Ottoman governors of Egypt (1517–1805) ===

* ]

=== List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1914) ===
{{Main|List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty}}

=== List of Grand Viziers of Egypt (1857–1878) ===

* ] (1857–1858) (1st term)
* ] (1858–1861)
* ] (1861–1864) (2nd term)
* ] (1864–1866) (1st term)
* ] (1866–1867) (1st term)
* ] (1867–1868) (2nd term)
* ] (1868–1872) (2nd term)
* ] (1872)
* ] (1872–1878)

{|
|}

=== ] (Ottoman Province of Habesh) / Massawa Province ===
''']''' = ''Governor''
{| class="wikitable"
! width="18%" |Term
! width="40%" |Incumbent
! width="20%" |Notes
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|'''Massawa'''
| colspan="2" |''] Province''
|-
|<small>1687 — 1663</small>
|], <small>Na’ib of ], Wali of ]</small>
|<small>Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa</small>
|-
|1693–1693
|Mehmed Pasha
|
|-
|1693–1964
|]
|
|-
|1694— 1695
|]
|
|-
|1695–1965
|]
|
|-
|<small>1793</small>
|''']'''
|&nbsp;Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa
|-
|1813 to 1826
|]
|<small>Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa</small>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|'''Egyptian occupation'''
| colspan="2" |''] itself nominally within ]''
|-
|1690 to 1720
|]
|
|-
|1770 to 1773
|Hasan Amir
|
|-
|1773 to 1787
|Muhammad Amir
|
|-
|1787 to 1800
|]
|
|-
|1800 to 1813
|]
|
|-
|<small>1813 to 1833</small>
|''']'''
|<small>Na’ib of Arkiko</small>
|-
|1833 to 1840
|Yahya Ahmad
|
|-
|<small>1840 to 1844</small>
|Muhammad Yahya
|Na’ib of Arkiko
|-
|<small>1844 to 1845</small>
|]
|Na’ib of Arkiko
|-
|<small>1845 to 1846</small>
|Muhammad Amir  
|Na’ib of Arkiko
|-
|<small>1846 to 1848</small>
|]
|Na’ib of Arkiko
|- style="vertical-align:top"
| colspan="3" |'''] Suzerainty'''
|-
|<small>1848 to 1863</small>
|],
|Wali of Massawa
|- style="vertical-align:top"
| colspan="3" |'''] Province'''
|-
|<small>1866 to 1867</small>
|]
|
|-
|1867 to 1867
|Omar Agha
|
|-
|1867 to 1869
|]
|
|-
|1869 to 1869  
|]                (born c. 1834 – died 1883)
|
|-
|<small>1869 to 1869</small>
|]
|
|-
|1869 to 1870
|]
|
|-
|1870 to 1870
|]
|
|-
|<small>1870 to 1871</small>
|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
|
|-
|<small>1871 to 1871</small>
|Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha (at Sawakin)    (born 1825 – died 1874)
|
|-
|<small>1871 to 1871</small>
|Hajj Aman
|
|-
|1871 to 1871
|Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq (d. 1883)
|(1st time)
|-
|<small>1871 to 1873</small>
|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa, then Governor-General of the Eastern Sudan and the Red Sea Coast until November 1875</small>
|
|-
|1873 to 1874
|]               (born 1832 – died 1875)
|
|-
|1874 to 1874
|]
|
|-
|<small>1874 to November 1875</small>
|]                 (born 1832 – died 1875)
|
|-
|1875 to 1876
|Uthman Rifiq Pasha                 (born 1839 – died 1886)
|
|-
|1876 to 1879
|      ]    
|
|-
|1879 to 1882
|Khurshid Bey Pertev
|
|-
|<small>December 1882 to 28 June 1882</small>
|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
|
|-
|<small>1882 to December 1882</small>
|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
|
|-
|<small>1883 to 1884</small>
|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa.           (born 1835 – died 1897)</small>
|
|-
|<small>1884</small>
|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
|
|-
|1884 to 1884
|]      (born 1834 – died 1888)
|<small>Acting governor of Massawa (made the British Protectorate over this province reality)</small>
|-
|<small>1884 to 1885</small>
|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
|
|-
| colspan="3" |]
|-
|1885 to 1885
|] (commercial agent) (born 1811 – died 1895)
|
|-
|1885 to 1885
|] (born 1842 – died 1928)
|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
| colspan="3" |'''Italian Suzerainty'''
|-
|<small>1885 to 1885</small>
|], <small>Commandant</small>
|
|-
|<small>5 February 1885 to ''6 February 1885''</small>
|], <small>Commandant</small>
|
|-
|1885 to 1885
|]                    (born c. 1853 – died ....)
|
|-
|<small>''February 1885'' to 14 November 1885</small>
|], <small>Commandant</small>
|
|-
|<small>5 December 1885 to 22 April 1887</small>
|], <small>Superior Commandant</small>
|
|-
|<small>22 April 1887 to 10 November 1887</small>
|]
|<small>2nd Term</small>
|-
|<small>November 1887 to 1888</small>
|''']'''
|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
| colspan="3" |'''Assab Protectorate'''
|-
|1888 to 1888
|] (born 1835 – died 1899)
|
|-
|1888 to 1888
|]
|Giovanni Galeazzo Frigerio (born 1841 – died 1921)
|-
|<small>1888 to 20 December 1889</small>
|''']'''
|
|-
|20 December 1889 <small>to 20 December 1889</small>
|]                  (born 1850 – died 1930)
|
|-
|<small>20 December 1889 to ''1 January 1890''</small>
|], <small>Commandan</small>
|
|}

=== Eritrea ===
Before the official creation of Italian Eritrea (''Colonia Eritrea'') in 1890, the territory had seven interim governors: ] (1882 to 1885), ] (1885), ] (1885), Matteo Albertone (1886 to 1887), ] (1887), ] (1888) and ] (1889).

Complete list of Italian Governors of Eritrea:
{| class="wikitable"
!Tenure<ref>Dates in ''italics'' indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office</ref>
! width="60px" |Portrait
!Incumbent
!Notes
|-
! colspan="4" |]
|-
|1885 to 1885
|
|Pietro Caimi (born 1830 – died 1886)
|
|-
|1885 to 1886
|
|] (1st time) (born 1843 – died 1909)
|
|-
|1886 to 1886
|
|] (superior commandant) (born 1836 – died 1890)
|
|-
|1886 to 1887
|
|] (born 1838 – died 1917)
|
|-
|1887 to 1890
|
|]  (born 1830 – died 1906)
|
|-
! colspan="4" |'''Italian Eritrea Colony'''
|-
|<small>1 January 1890 to 30 June 1890</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
|
|-
|<small>30 June 1890 to 28 February 1892</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
|
|-
|<small>28 February 1892 to 22 February 1896</small>
|]
|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
|<small>Commander of the ] in the ]</small>
|-
|<small>22 February 1896 to 16 December 1897</small>
|]
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>16 December 1897 to 25 March 1907</small>
|]
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>25 March 1907 to 17 August 1915</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>17 August 1915 to 16 September 1916</small>
|
|''']''', <small>acting Governor</small>
|<small>1st term</small>
|-
|<small>16 September 1916 to 20 July 1919</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>20 July 1919 to 20 November 1920</small>
|
|], <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>20 November 1920 to 14 April 1921</small>
|
|], <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>14 April 1921 to 1 June 1923</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|<small>2nd term</small>
|-
|<small>1 June 1923 to 1 June 1928</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>1 June 1928 to 11 July 1930</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>11 July 1930 to 15 January 1935</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>15 January 1935 to 18 January 1935</small>
|
|], <small>acting Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>18 January 1935 to 22 November 1935</small>
|]
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>22 November 1935 to 22 May 1936</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
| colspan="4" |'''Eritrea Governorate'''
|- style="vertical-align:top"
| colspan="4" |''Part of ]''
|-
|<small>1 June 1936 to 1 April 1937</small>
|]
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>1 April 1937 to 15 December 1937</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governo</small>
|
|-
|<small>15 December 1937 to 2 June 1940</small>
|
|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
|
|-
|<small>2 June 1940 to 19 May 1941</small>
|
|''']''',
|
|}
From 1936, the colony of Eritrea was increased in size and called ], as part of ] (AOI). The Italian governors were under direct orders of the ] (representing the now-] and ] ])

==List of Chief Executives of Eritrea (1941–1960)==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:left"
! width="18%" |Term
! width="40%" |Incumbent
! width="20%" |Notes

|-
! colspan="3" |''British Administration''
|-
|<small>5 February 1941 to 4 May 1942</small>
|], <small>Administrator</small>
|] British Deputy Chief Political Officer for Eritrea 1941–1942
|-
|<small>4 May 1942 to 9 November 1944</small>
|''']''', <small>Administrator</small>
|
|-
|<small>9 November 1944 to 14 August 1945</small>
|''']''', <small>Administrator</small>
|
|-
|<small>14 August 1945 to 1 November 1946</small>
|''']''', <small>Administrator</small>
|
|-
|<small>1 November 1946 to 19 February 1951</small>
|''']''', <small>Administrator</small>
|
|-
! colspan="3" |UN High Commissioner in '''Eritrea'''
|-
|<small>19 February 1951 to 15 September 1952</small>
|] (born 1902 – died 1979) Non-party
|]
|-
! colspan="3" |<small>Chief Administrator</small>
|-
|<small>19 February 1951 to 15 September 1952</small>
|''']''', <small>Chief Administrator</small>
|
|-
|<small>15 September 1952 to 29 July 1955</small>
|''']''',
|<small>Chief Executive</small>
|-
|<small>8 August 1955 to December 1959</small>
|''']''',
|<small>Chief Executive</small>
|-
|<small>December 1959 to ''20 May 1960'' ''20 May 1960'' to ''14 November 1962''</small>
|''']''',
|<small>Chief Executive, Administrator</small>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|}

=== Eritrea Governor-General ===
{| class="wikitable"
! width="18%" |Term
! width="40%" |Incumbent
!
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|'''Eritrea'''
| colspan="2" |''Ethiopian Province''
|-
|<small>''14 November 1962'' to 1964</small>
|''']''',
|<small>Governor-General</small>
|-
|<small>1964 to December 1970</small>
|]
|<small>Governor-General</small>
|-
|<small>December 1970 to August 1974</small>
|''']'''
|<small>Governor-General</small>
|-
|<small>August 1974 to 29 May 1975</small>
|''']''',
|<small>Governor-General</small>
|-
|17 Feb 1975 – Jun 1977
|]                     (d. 1977)
|        Governor-General
|-
|Jun 1977 – 1979
|]                    
|        Governor-General
|-
|<small>1979 to 1983</small>
|''']''',
|<small>''14 November''</small><small>Governor-General</small>
|-
|<small>August 1989 to 18 May 1991</small>
|''']''',
|Governor-General
|-
|<small>August 1989 to 29 May 1991</small>
|''']''',
|<small>''14 November''</small><small>Governor-General</small>
|}
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|--
|}

{{For|continuation after independence|List of heads of state of Eritrea}}
==List of officeholders==
'''Political parties'''{{legend|{{party color|Eritrean People's Liberation Front}}|] (EPLF)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend|{{party color|People's Front for Democracy and Justice}}|] (PFDJ)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" | Political party
|-
!Took office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
|colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey" align=center| ] • ''']''' (1991–1993) •
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Eritrean People's Liberation Front}}; color:white;"| 1
| ]
| ]<br />{{small|(born 1946)}}<br>{{small|Secretary-General}}
| —
| 27 April 1991
| 24 May 1993
| {{Age in years and days|1991|4|27|1993|5|24}}
| ]
|-
|colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey" align=center| ] • ''']''' (1993–present) • ]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|People's Front for Democracy and Justice}}; color:white"| 1
| ]
| ]<br />{{small|(born 1946)}}
| —
| 24 May 1993
| Incumbent
| {{Age in years and days|1993|5|24}}
| ]
|}

==See also==
*]
**]
**]
*]
<references />

Latest revision as of 20:50, 7 December 2024

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